Non-solvent Extraction method

However, Solvent extraction method have its limitation where its only analyse lipid in the dry
sample. Thus, non-solvent Liquid Extraction Methods which also known as wet extraction
method came in role to analyses lipid in the wet sample such as milk and cream. The non-solvent
extraction method include Gerber method, Babcock method and detergent method.

The main principal for the wet extraction method is where lipid are only dissolve in organic
solvent. An aqueous solution is use to separate the lipid from the sample which cannot dissolve
in the aqueous solution. The non-fatty material dissolve completely in the aqueous solution.
Lipid is less dense than aqueous solvent which also contain other non-fatty materials. Thus,
Lipid will float on the top layer of the mixture. The separation of lipid in aqueous are speed up
by using centrifuge.

However, milk lipid are coated with globule membrane. The globule to help stabilize the fat
globules in an emulsion within the aqueous environment of milk. . The lipid distribution in milk
is where 98% or more of the lipid is triacylglycerol, phospholipids are about 0.5 to 1%, and
sterols are 0.2 to .5% of total lipids. These are mostly located in the globule membrane. Its
important that the membrane are needed to be break down in order to do the accurate quantitative
analysis of lipid content.

Gerber Method
Introduction
Gerber Method mainly to determine the lipid content in the milk and cream. This method was
developed by Dr. Niklaus Gerber.

Material
Gerber sulfuric acid, Gerber Butyrometer, isoamyl alcohol, lock stopper, graduated column,
Gerber test bottle, Gerber centrifuge.

Principal
In this method, the aqueous solvent is the Gerber sulfuric acid which will form separate layer
with the water insoluble lipid. The sulfuric acid will hydrolyses other non-fatty material such as
protein and carbohydrate. Sulfuric acid also hydrolyses the emulsified globules which coated
lipid with globule membrane. The membrane are Casein which is a protein break down by the
strong acid. However, its content lipid dont react with the acid and the lipid can be released to
the mixture to be separate.
Isoamyl alcohol are added to releases the liquefied fat for measurement and prevents charred
(burning) milk fat. Isoamyl alcohol prevent the sample direct contact with the strong acid which
causes charred.
What make Gerber method so special is that all of the material and apparatus is invented by Dr.
Niklaus Gerber. All the material and apparatus are specialized which require fix volume of
sulfuric acid, isoamyl alcohol and sample. The amount of lipid content can easily observed from
the scale on the Gerber Butyrometer without further calculation. Thus, the method can be carry
out more rapidly

Gerber Butyrometer[5]

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Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1779072 [Accessed 27
Nov. 2016].
2) Ansci.illinois.edu. (2016). Milk Composition. [online] Available at:
http://ansci.illinois.edu/static/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_fat.html [Accessed 27 Nov.
2016].
3) En.wikipedia.org. (2016). Gerber method. [online] Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_method [Accessed 27 Nov. 2016].
4) Mahmoud GhoNiM. (2013). 2 Gerber's method for determination of fat percent. [online]
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPqIMbm8wQs [Accessed 27 Nov. 2016].
5) Gerber-instruments.com. (2016). Butyrometers for fat determination in milk and dairy
products - Milk & Laboratory Products - Gerber Instruments. [online] Available at:
http://www.gerber-instruments.com/en/suppliers/dr-n-gerber/fat-determination-acc-togerber/butyrometers-for-fat-determination-in-milk-and-dairy-products.html [Accessed 27 Nov.
2016].