SPE 106326

State of the Art - Natural Gases Viscosity under Reservoir Conditions

Ahmed Gawish and Emad Al-Homadhi
King Saud University
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2005 SPE Technical Symposium of Saudi Arabia
Section held in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 14-16 May 2005.
Copyright 2005 Society of Petroleum Engineers
This paper was selected for presentation by the Technical Symposium Program Committee following
review of information contained in full manuscript submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction
by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of
Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members.

ABSTRACT
The influence of fluid viscosity on flow is especially important
in petroleum reservoirs. Gas is now a highly desirable
hydrocarbon resource. An accurate prediction of transport
properties of natural gases is very important in the design and
operation of fluid transportation, production, and processing.
Viscosity is one of these properties. Many viscosity
correlations are available but each has limitations in the range
of applicability1-7. Only the Carr et al8-12. charts include the
correction for gas impurities and reservoir pressure and
temperature. Using Carr et al. charts you have to follow five
steps to find the natural gas viscosity at any condition. As a
results, some errors and inaccurated will occur and more time
will be consumed. Standing13,14 proposed a convenient
mathematical expressing for calculation the viscosity of the
natural gas at atmospheric pressure and reservoir temperature,
1. Standing also presented equations for describing the effects
of impurities on 1. Dempsey15 expressed the viscosity ratio
(the viscosity at high pressure to the viscosity at 1 atm), by
using reduced pressure and temperature.
Using the Standing equation and the slightly revised Dempsey
equation, the natural gas viscosity at high pressure can be
found by one step only. It includes all corrections for gas
impurities. Its also includes any condition at the reservoir
pressure and temperature.

Background
Natural gas is a homogeneous fluid of low density and
viscosity. The high pressure and temperature cause a decrease
in viscosity even at temperatures above the critical. The
variation in viscosity with molecular weight of gases at
atmospheric pressure is opposite to the variation for liquids,
the viscosity decreases with increase in molecular weight of
gases. The natural gas properties may be obtained from
laboratory measurements. The rolling ball viscosimeter is used
for measuring viscosity, with the ball forcing the fluid through
the crescent between the ball and tube wall. The rolling ball
viscosimeter can give erroneous results when used with low
density fluids, because of turbulent flow through the crescent.

The Rolling-ball viscosimeter may give viscocities as much as

30% higher when measurment of gas viscosity is taken under
pressure. The preferred instrument for gases is the Rankine
viscosimeter in which the pressure gradient for the fluid
flowing through the capillary can be very small. The natural
gas viscosity is described by the following function,
g = f (P, T , Yi )
1
This relationship simply states that the viscosity of a pure gas
is function of pressure and temperature, but for gas mixture, it
is also a function of the gas composition. Gas viscosity can be
predicated from generalized mathematical expressions.
Herning and Zipperer
Herning and Zipperer16 method proposed the following
equation to calculate the viscosity of a mixture of gaseous
components.
2
( gi y i M i )

( y

Where the analysis of the gas mixture is known and the

viscosities of the components are known at the pressure and
temperature of interest.
Dean and Stiel Method
Dean and Stiel17 proposed the following mathematical
expressions for calculating the viscosity of natural gases at
atmospheric pressure and reservoir temperature.
8

1 = 34 (10

1 =

)*

(T r ) 9

, for Tr =< 1.5

166 .8(10 5 )[0.1338Tr 0.0932 ]

, for Tr >1.5

Where the m is the viscosity parameter of the gas mixture and

defined by the following equation.

m = 5 . 4402

(T c )

5
2

( MW a ) ( Pc )
Dean and Stiel recommended the following equation for
calculating the natural gas viscosity at reservoir condations.

g = 1 +

0 .5

10.8(105 )[EXP(1.439 r ) EXP(1.111( r )1.888 )] 6

When mixtures are involved, the pseudocritical pressures and

temperatures of typical natural gases may be estimated from
gas gravity alone. For gases with appreciable concentrations of
gas impurities, the pseudo critical conditions may be
computed from compositions. The gas viscosities can be
obtained from the charts of Carr et al. when gas gravity and
concentration of the non-hydrocarbon constituent are known.
Both pseudo-critical pressure and temperature are required
parameters for gas calculations. Available publications have
reported multi-equations to calculate these values for natural
gases. A new correlation was developed with wide
applications and efficient for gas specific gravities varyied
from 0.55 to 1.2.22,23

Where:
r =

0 . 27 P r
ZT r

The Lee-Gonzalez Eakin Method

Lee et al8,19 presented a semi-empirical relationship for
calculating the natural gases viscosity. The authors expressed
the gas viscosity in terms of reservoir temperature, gas gravity,
and molecular weight of the gases. Their proposed equation is
given by:

g = 10 4 * K * exp X * g

62 .4

where: K =

(9 . 4 + 0 . 02 M a )T 1 .5
209 + 19 * M a + T

986
X = 3 .5 +
T

+ 0 . 01 M

Y = 2 . 4 . 02 X

The critical pressure and temperature equations are:

Pc = 703 . 194514 50 . 541243 * SG

12

Tc = 173 . 7 + 308 . 0864 * SG

10

The corrected pseudo-critical temperature and pressure are

presented below:

11

T C' = T C

The proposed above correlation can predict viscosity values

with a standard deviation of 2.7% and a maximum deviation
of 8.99%. This correlation is valid for 10 < P < 8000 psia , 100
< T < 340 oF, and 0.9 < CO 2 < 3.2 mol.%.

P C' =

TC + y H

13

P C T C'
2 S (1 y H

= 120(( yCO 2 + y H 2 S )

0.9

2S

( yCO2 + y H 2 S )1.6 ) + 15( y H 2 S

0.5

y H 2 S ) 14
4

20

Bicker and Katz presented a plot of the viscosity of paraffin

gases at 1 atm as a function of molecular weight. This plot was
slightly revised by Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows1. It provides
a rapid and reliable method for obtaining the viscosity of
natural gases at 1 atm pressure from knowledge of the gas
gravity and temperature alone. This viscosity must be
corrected for the presence of non-hydrocarbon fractions tends
to increase the viscosity of the gas. Insert plots on Carr et al
viscosity charts show corrections for the non-hydrocarbon, the
presence of low concentration of non-hydrocarbon gases, such
as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The effect
of the presence of each of the non-hydrocarbons is to increase
the viscosity of the hydrocarbon gas mixture.
Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows1 extended the correlation of
Comings et al21 to higher pressures and to complex mixtures
of gases. For natural gases, the widely used Carr et al
correlations take the forms:

Standing (1977)6,7 proposed a convenient mathematical

expression for calculation the viscosity of the natural gas at
atmospheric pressure and reservoir temperature, 1. Standing
also presented equations for describing effect of impurities on
1. The proposed relationships are:

1 = (1 )uncorrecte d + ( )co + ( )N + ( )H
2

( 1 ) uncorrecte d = (1 . 709 * 10
(T 460 ) + 8 . 188 * 10

2 . 062 * 10

6 . 15 * 10

* log( g )

2S

15

* g ) * 16

( ), N 2 = y N 2 * 10 [8 . 48 * log( g ) + 9 . 59 ]
3

17

( ), CO 2 = y CO 2 * 10 3 [9.08 * log( g ) + 6.24 ]

18

( ), H 2 S = y H 2 S * 10 [8.49 * log( g ) + 3.73]

19

Dempsey 1965 expressed the viscosity ratio by the following

relationship.

g 1 = f ( M , T ...or .GasGravity )

g
= f ( Pr , T r )
g1
In 1954 Carr et8 developed graphical correlations for
estimating the viscosity of natural gas as a function of
temperature, pressure and gas gravity or molecular weight.
The ratio (g 1) of the viscosity at high pressure to the
viscosity at 1 atm is shown as a function of the reduced
pressure Pr and the reduced temperature Tr.
Where: T r = T/Tc and Pr = P/Pc

g
LnTr = a0 + a1Pr + a2 Pr2 + a3Pr3 + Tr (a4 + a5Pr + a6 Pr2 + a7 Pr3 )
1

and,

+ Tr2 (a8 + a9 Pr + a10Pr2 + a11Pr3 ) +Tr3 (a12+a13Pr + a14Pr2 + a15Pr3 )

20
A spread sheet program was designed in this study, to
calculate gas viscosity at reservoir conditions with one step
only using Standing equation after slightly and revising
Dempsey equation. It includes all corrections for gas
impurities.

 g
Ln
1

= X

The gas viscosity increase in a linear relation with increasing

reservoir pressure at a low gas gravity, but not a linear for a
higher gas gravity during the test pressure periods.

Where:
(X)=

a0 + a1 Pr + a2 Pr2 + a3 Pr3 + Tr (a4 + a5 Pr + a6 Pr2 + a7 Pr3 )

+ T 2 (a + a P + a P2 + a P3 ) + T 3 (a +a P + a P2 + a P3 ) Ln(T )
r
r
11 r
12
13 r
14 r
15 r
r 8 9 r 10 r

Conclusions
1. Many errors will be eliminated and time will be saved by
using the new charts and the spread sheet program.

21
g

= e

(X )

g1 = 1*e ( X )

22

2. The results become very important and will help to

calculate the value of the natural gas viscosity at any
condition.

23

3. This program can easily respond to the changes in the gas

fluid properties and impurities for producing tables and
charts, which can be used for the prediction of the natural
gas viscosity.

Results and discussion

The natural gas viscosity is computed from this program easily
by using the Standing and the revised Dempsey equations. The
natural gas viscosity is calculated at one atmospheric pressure
using the Standing equation, and all the corrections for gas
impurities are done by using equation (16). The natural gas
viscosity is corrected for any pressure value by using the
revised Dempsey equation (equation 23).

4. For any gas at different values of pressure and temperature,

and with any kind of impurities, it is easy to find the
natural gas viscosity from spread sheet program.
5. The design and evaluation of most gas correlations in one
sheet program become easy.

Figure (1) shows the natural gas viscosity at 1 atm for

different specific gas gravities (0.55-3.75) and temperature
(50-4000F) of the reservoir without impurties while figure (2)
shows the gas viscosity with corrections taking into
consideration the non-hydrocarbon impurities effects on gas
viscosity. The figures are the same as Carr et al. chart. Figure
(3) shows the ratio of gas viscosity at reservoir pressure to the
viscosity at 1 atm pressure as a function of the reduced
pressure and temperature. This figure is also the same as Carr
et al. chart. Figure (4) shows the gas viscosity for different
pressure values as a function in temperature. This chart is the
result of the spread sheet program in table (1). Figure (5)
shows the natural gas viscosity as a function of reduced
pressure and temperature for any gas gravity or molecular
weight. Fig. (5) is plotted at semi-log scale.

Nomenclatures
g = Gas viscosity at reservoir pressure and temperature, cp
1= Gas viscosity at atmospheric pressure and reservoir temperature, cp
r = Reduced gas density as defined by:
g = Ib/ft3, =cp, Ma= molecular weight of gas, and T=

R.

T , P are corrected critical temperature ( R) and pressure (psia).

'
c

T
g

'
c

Rreservoir temperature, oR,

Gas gravity, and, and
yN2, yCO2, and yH2S mole fraction of N2, CO2, and H2S.
Table (4 ) for constant used in gas correlations.
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6
a7

Table (1) represents a spread sheet program for all calculations

in order to find the natural gas viscosity with and without any
presence of impurities and at any pressure and temperature
values. By interring the values for impurities, gas gravity,
pressure, and temperature in overshadow cells (input data), the
critical pressure and temperature, and corrected critical
pressure and temperature for impurities, reduced pressure and
temperature are calculated. The natural gas viscosity at
reservoir conditions can be calculated directly without using
any charts.

-2.46211820
2.970547414
-0.286264054
0.00805420522
2.080860949
-3.49803305
0.3603702
-0.01044324

a8
a9
a10
a11
a12
a13
a14
a15

-0.793385648
1.39643306
-0.149144925
0.00441015512
0.0839387178
-0.18648848
0.0203367881
-0.000609579263

References:
1. Kumar Sanjay,:"Gas Production Engineering" volume (4) Chapter
(1) Gulf Publication Company, Houston, Texas 1987.
2. Ikoku Chi U.,:"Natural Gas Production Engineering", Jone Wiley
& Sons Inc., Canada, Toronto, 1984.

Designing and evaluating existing correlations for gas

viscosity

3. Katz D. et al "Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering", 1959 by

McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Printed in the USA, New
York, Toronto, and London.

In table (2) the spreed sheet program for calculating gas

viscosity by using different gas viscosity correlations includes
micros for solving z-factor. The figures (6 to 13) show the gas
viscosity as a function of pressure, temperature, and the gas
gravity. The gas gravity is studed from (0.7) to (1.4) by using
Dempsey, Lee, and Dean & Stiel correlations. All the
correlations are close but the Dempsey correlation gives good
results and is very close to the Carr et at chart.

4. Yaws C., Lin X., and Li Bu: "Calculate Viscosities for 335
liquids Using the Temperature and A starting Point", Chemical
Engineering, April 1994.
5.

Awuy A.L., Bretz R.E.: "An Improved Viscosity Model for

Natural Gases: Application of the Free Volume Concept", SPE

68th Annual Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans,

LA, USA., 25-28 September 1994, SPE paper (28636).
6.

Awuy A.I., and Bretz R.E.,:An Improved Viscosity Model for

Natural Gases: Application of the Free Volume Concept,SPE
paper number (28636) presented at the SPE 69th Technical
Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleana, LA, U.S.A.,
25-28 Septemper 1994.

7.

Erdogmus M. and Adewumi M.A.,:Viscosity Prediction of

Natural Gases, SPE paper number (39219) presented at the SPE
Eastern Regional Meeting held in Lexington, Kantucky. 22-24
October 1997.

8.

Carr, N., Kobayashi, Ri, and Burrown, D., Viscosity of

hydrocarbon
Bases
under
pressure,
Trans.,
AIME,1954,VoL.201, PP., 270-275.

9.

Tarek Ahmed,: "Reservoir Engineering Handbook)" Gulf

Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. 2000.

23. Abd-El-Fattah Kh. A.: "Analysis Shows Magnitude of Z-Factor

error", Oil & Gas Journal, Nov. 27, 1995

10. Tarek Ahmed,: "Hydrocarbon Phase Behavior" Gulf Publishing

Company, Houston, Texas. 1989.
11. William D. McCain, Jr.,: "Petroleum Fluids", Second Edition,
PennWell Publishing Books Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1990.
12. Charles R. Smith, G.W. Tracy, R. Lance Farrar,: "Applied
Reservoir Engineering", Volume 1, OGCI Publications, 1992.
13. Standing, M. B., "Volumetric and phase behavior of oil field
Hydrocarbon system", PP. 125-126. Dallas: SPE 1977.
14. Standing, M. B. and Katz, D.L., Density of Natural Gases, Trans.
AIME, 1942, Vol. 146, PP. 140-149.
15. Dempsey, J. R.,Computer Routine Treats Gas Viscosity as a variable.
Oil and Gas Journal, Aug. 16, 1965, PP. 141-143.
16. Herning and Zipperer, L.:Calculations of the Viscosity of Technical
Gas Mixtures from the Viscosity of Individual Gases. Gas and
Wasserfach (1936) 79, 49-69.
17. Dean, D.E. and Stiel. L. I., the Viscosity of non-polar Gas Mixtures at
Moderate and high pressure, AICHE Jour., 1958, Vol.4, PP. 430-436.

18. Lee, A.L., Gonzalez, M.H., and Eakin, B.E.:The Viscosity of Natural
Gases, JPT (Aug. 1966) 997-1000, Trans., AMIE, 37.
19. Lee, J., and Wattenburger, R.A., Gas Reservoir Enginerring, SPE,
Richardson, TX, 1996.
20. Bicker, L.A., and Katz, D.L.,:Viscosity of Natural Gases, Trans.
AMIE, 155: 754 (1943).
21. Comings, E. W. , and Egly, R. S., :The Viscosity of Gases and Vapors
at High Pressure Ind. Eng. Chem., 32: 714 (1940)
22. Abd-El-Fattah Kh. A.,: "A New Equations computers the
Pseudo-Critical Temperature and Pressure for Natural Gases",
Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, Vol. 45. NO. 5,
Oct. 1998. PP 857-864, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo
University.

10
0.018

10

15

20

V isco sity R atio

Viscosity at 1 atm, cp

0.016

0.014
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002

50 oF

100 oF

150 oF

200 oF

250 oF

300 oF

350 oF

400 oF

Pr

0.000
0

20

40

60

80

0.8

100

1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8

Pseudo Reduced Temperature

Molecular Weight
Fig. (3) Viscosity Ratio versus Pseudo Reduced Temperature.
Fig. (1) Viscosity of the Sweet Natural Gases at 1.0 atm.
0.018
1.00

0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002

50 oF

100 oF

150 oF

200 oF

250 oF

300 oF

350 oF

400 oF

3
10

2
8

1
6

0.014
N. Gas Viscosity, cp

Viscosity at 1 atm, cp

0.016

4
15

0.10

0.01

0.000
0

20

40

60

80

100

0.5

1.5

Pseudo Reduced Temperature

Molecular Weight

Fig. (2) Viscosity of the Natural Gases at 1.0 atm. with Impurities Corrections.

Fig. (4) Viscosity versus Pseudo Redued Temperature.

2.5

0.070
Sp.Gr.= 0.8

612

1225

1837

4900

6125

9187

2450

3062

3675

0.060

0.050

Pressure, psi
N . G as Viscosity

N. g as Visco sity, cp

1.00

0.10

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.01

0.010

200

400

600

800

Dempsey

1000

Lee

Dean & Stiel

Temperature, oF

0.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Pressure, psi

Fig. (5) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Pressures .

Fig. (7) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Pressures at 0.8 Sp.Gr.

0.060

0.080

Sp.Gr.=0.7

Sp.Gr.=0.9
0.050

0.070

0.060

N. Gas Viscosity

Viscosity, cp

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.010

0.050

0.040

0.030

0.020

Dempsey

Lee
Dean & Stiel

Dempsey

0.010

0.000

Lee
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Dean & Stiel

Pressure, psi

0.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Pressure, psi

Fig. (6) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 0.7 Sp.Gr.

Fig. (8) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Pressures at 0.9 Sp.Gr

0.120
Sp.Gr.=1.2

0.090
Sp.Gr.=1.0

0.100

0.080

0.070

0.080

Gas Viscosity, cp

Gas Viscosity, cp

0.060

0.050

0.040

0.060

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.020
0.010

Dempsey

Dempsey

Lee

Lee
Dean & Stiel

Dean & Stiel

0.000

0.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Pressure, psi

Pressure, psi

Fig. (11) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 1.2 Sp.Gr.

Fig. (9) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 1.0 Sp.Gr.

0.100

0.120
Sp. Gr. 1.1

Sp.Gr.=1.3

0.090

0.100

0.080

0.080
0.060

Gas Viscosity

N. Gas Viscosity

0.070

0.050
0.040
0.030

0.060

0.040

0.020
Dempsey

0.010

0.020

Lee
Dean & Stiel

Dempsey

8000

Dean & Stiel

Lee

0.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

9000

0.000

Pressure, pai

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Pressure, psi

Fig. (10) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 1.1 Sp.Gr.

Fig. (12) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 1.3 Sp.Gr.

0.140
Sp.Gr=1.4
0.120

Gas Viscosity, cp

0.100

0.080

0.060

0.040

Dempsey

0.020

Lee
Dean & Stiel

0.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Pressure, psi

Fig. (13) Viscosity versus Temperature for Different Preesures at 1.4 Sp.Gr.

Table (1) Spread Sheet Program for Calculate Natural Gas Viscosity by Dempsey Correlation.
Step 1

Enter the values of impurties in overshadow cells

YN2

Step 2

Step 3

0.05

0.05

YCO2

YH2S

28.09

3675

4900

0.2

Enter the value of gas sp. Gr.

SG

0.6

Tc

358.55

Pc

672.87

T'c

330.46

P'c

612.48

or

Mw

17.4

1837

2450

3062

Enter pseudo reduced pressure and temperature

P

612

Pr

1225

10

15

20

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

ln(g/g1)

330

0.27

0.79

1.23

1.58

1.86

2.07

2.32

2.40

2.33

2.70

397

1.2

0.16

0.52

0.83

1.09

1.30

1.47

1.70

1.82

1.89

2.14

463

1.4

0.09

0.34

0.55

0.74

0.90

1.03

1.24

1.38

1.55

1.72

529

1.6

0.05

0.21

0.36

0.49

0.61

0.72

0.90

1.05

1.28

1.41

595

1.8

0.03

0.14

0.24

0.33

0.42

0.51

0.67

0.81

1.06

1.19

661

0.03

0.10

0.17

0.24

0.31

0.38

0.51

0.64

0.90

1.03

727

2.2

0.03

0.08

0.14

0.19

0.25

0.30

0.42

0.53

0.77

0.92

793

2.4

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.17

0.22

0.26

0.35

0.45

0.66

0.84

859

2.6

0.04

0.07

0.11

0.15

0.19

0.23

0.31

0.38

0.57

0.76

925

2.8

0.03

0.06

0.09

0.12

0.15

0.19

0.25

0.31

0.48

0.66

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.11

0.16

0.23

0.39

0.53

Step 4

12250

ln(g/g1)

991

9187

Tr

6125

Natural gas viscosity ratio will be calculated

P

612

1225

1837

2450

3062

3675

4900

6125

9187

Pr

10

15

Tr

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

330

1.31

2.21

397

1.2

1.17

1.69

463

1.4

1.09

1.40

529

1.6

1.05

1.24

595

1.8

1.03

661

1.03

12250
20

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

3.42

4.87

6.42

7.91

10.17

11.07

10.30

2.70

2.30

2.98

3.68

4.36

5.48

6.17

6.65

2.14

1.74

2.09

2.45

2.81

3.45

3.96

4.70

1.72

1.43

1.64

1.84

2.05

2.46

2.84

3.58

1.41

1.15

1.27

1.40

1.53

1.67

1.95

2.24

2.90

1.19

1.10

1.19

1.27

1.36

1.46

1.67

1.90

2.45

1.03

Continues Table (1) Spread Sheet Program for Calculate Natural Gas Viscosity by Dempsey Correlation.
T

Tr

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

(g/g1)

727

2.2

1.03

1.09

1.15

1.21

1.28

1.36

1.52

1.69

2.15

0.92

793

2.4

1.04

1.08

1.13

1.18

1.24

1.30

1.43

1.56

1.94

0.84

859

2.6

1.04

1.08

1.12

1.16

1.21

1.26

1.36

1.47

1.77

0.76

925

2.8

1.03

1.06

1.09

1.13

1.17

1.20

1.28

1.37

1.62

0.66

991

1.00

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.09

1.11

1.18

1.25

1.47

0.53

Step 5

Natural gas viscosity at any pressure will be calculated

P

612

1225

1837

2450

3062

3675

4900

6125

9187

12250

Pr

10

15

20

Tr

330

0.0206

0.0349

0.0539

0.0767

0.1011

0.1246

0.1602

0.1744

0.1622

0.0426

397

1.2

0.0197

0.0284

0.0387

0.0501

0.0619

0.0732

0.0921

0.1037

0.1118

0.0360

463

1.4

0.0195

0.0250

0.0310

0.0373

0.0438

0.0501

0.0616

0.0706

0.0840

0.0307

529

1.6

0.0199

0.0234

0.0271

0.0309

0.0349

0.0388

0.0466

0.0537

0.0677

0.0266

595

1.8

0.0206

0.0229

0.0253

0.0279

0.0305

0.0333

0.0389

0.0447

0.0578

0.0237

661

0.0216

0.0232

0.0249

0.0267

0.0287

0.0307

0.0351

0.0398

0.0515

0.0216

727

2.2

0.0228

0.0240

0.0253

0.0267

0.0283

0.0299

0.0335

0.0373

0.0475

0.0203

793

2.4

0.0239

0.0250

0.0261

0.0274

0.0286

0.0300

0.0329

0.0361

0.0448

0.0193

859

2.6

0.0250

0.0260

0.0270

0.0281

0.0292

0.0304

0.0328

0.0354

0.0427

0.0182

925

2.8

0.0259

0.0267

0.0276

0.0285

0.0294

0.0303

0.0323

0.0345

0.0408

0.0166

991

0.0263

0.0268

0.0273

0.0279

0.0285

0.0292

0.0309

0.0329

0.0386

0.0140

10

Table (2) Spread Sheet Program for Calculate of the Existing Correlations for Natural Gas Viscosity
YN2

0.05

Sp. Gr.

YCO2

0.05

YH2S

0.2

0.6

600

Tc

358.55

0.0127

Standing

Pc

672.87

0.0121

Dean & Stiel when Tr<=1.5

T'c

330.46

0.0122

Dean & Stiel when Tr>1.5

Tr
P'c

1.82

ABS.

28.09
T oF =

140

612.48

0.047581

Lee

Dean & Stiel

125.760

Pr

Program

LN(mg)

g(Dempsey)

g(Lee)

g(Dean)

X
Y

5.317
1.337

2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500

3.265
4.082
4.898
5.714
6.531
7.347
8.163
8.980
9.796
10.613
11.429
12.245

0.681
0.876
1.178
1.320
1.411
1.482
1.540
1.590
1.634
1.672
1.708
1.740

1.000
1.000
0.999
1.000
1.000
0.999
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

0.713
0.693
0.618
0.644
0.688
0.737
0.788
0.840
0.892
0.944
0.995
1.047

-4.107
-4.031
-3.958
-3.889
-3.822
-3.758
-3.697
-3.639
-3.585
-3.533
-3.485
-3.440

0.016
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.022
0.023
0.025
0.026
0.028
0.029
0.031
0.032

7.574
9.736
13.096
14.677
15.687
16.478
17.123
17.676
18.160
18.592
18.982
19.339

0.017
0.020
0.024
0.027
0.029
0.031
0.032
0.034
0.035
0.036
0.037
0.038

0.017
0.019
0.024
0.027
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.034
0.036
0.037
0.039
0.040

8000

13.062

1.769

1.000

1.098

-3.399

0.033

19.667

0.039

0.041

Micro

Dempsey