INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Introduction
The majority of the Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule from 1858 to 1947.
This period saw the gradual rise of the Indian nationalist movement to gain independence
from the foreign rule. The movement culminated in the formation of the on 15 August 1947,
along with the Dominion of Pakistan. The constitution of India was adopted on 26 January
1950, which proclaimed India to be a sovereign democratic republic.
Evolution of the Constitution Acts of British Parliament before 1935 After the Indian
Rebellion of 1857, the British Parliament took over the reign of India from the British East
India Company, and British India came under the direct rule of the Crown. The British
Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858 to this effect, which set up the
structure of British government in India.
Government of India Act 1935 The provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935,
though never implemented fully, had a great impact on the constitution of India. The federal
structure of government, provincial autonomy, bicameral legislature consisting of a federal
assembly and a Council of States, separation of legislative powers between center and
provinces are some of the provisions of the Act which are present in the Indian constitution.
The Cabinet Mission Plan
In 1946, at the initiative of British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, a cabinet mission to India
was formulated to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to
Indian leadership and providing India with independence under Dominion status in the
Commonwealth of Nations. The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and
laid. down in some detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body.
Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August
1946.
Indian Independence Act 1947 The Indian Independence Act, which came into force on 18
July 1947, divided the British Indian territory into two new states of India and Pakistan,
which were to be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until their constitutions
were in effect. Constituent Assembly The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent
Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.
Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, SardarVallabhbhai Patel,
MaulanaAbulKalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee and NaliniRanjanGhosh were some
important figures in the Assembly.
In the 14 August 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees
was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union
Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting
Committee was appointed, with DrAmbedkar as the Chairman along with six other members.
A Draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4
November 1947.
Parts Parts are the individual chapters in the Constitution, focused in single broad field of
laws, containing articles that address the issues in question.

Preamble
Part I - Union and its Territory
Part XII - Finance, Property, Contracts
Part II - Citizenship.
and Suits
Part III- Fundamental Rights
Part XIII - Trade and Commerce within
Part IV - Directive Principles and the territory of India
Fundamental Duties.
Part XIV - Services Under the Union, the
Part V- The Union.
States and Tribunals
Part VI- The States.
Part XV - Elections
Part XVI - Special Provisions Relating to
certain Classes

Part VII - States in the B part of the First

schedule (Repealed).
Part VIII - The Union Territories
Part IX - Panchayat system and
Municipalities.
Part X - The scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI - Relations between the Union
and the States.

Part XVII - Languages

Part XVIII - Emergency Provisions
Part XIX - Miscellaneous
Part XX - Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI - Temporary, Transitional and
Special Provisions
Part XXII - Short title, date of
commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi
and Repeals

Changing the constitution In 2000 the National Commission to Review the Working of the
Constitution (NCRWC) was setup to look into updating the constitution of India.
Judicial review of laws This section requires expansion. Judicial review is actually adopted
in the Indian constitution from the constitution of the United States of America. In the Indian
constitution, Judicial Review is dealt under Article 13. Judicial Review actually refers that the
Constitution is the supreme power of the nation and all laws are under its supremacy. Article
13 deals that 1. All pre-constitutional laws, after the coming into force of constitution, if in
conflict with it in all or some of its provisions then the provisions of constitution will prevail.
If it is compatible with the constitution as amended. This is called the Theory of Eclipse.
2. In a similar manner, laws made after adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent
Assembly must be compatible with the constitution, otherwise the laws and amendments will
be deemed to be void-ab-initio. In such situations, the Supreme Court or High Court
interprets the laws as if they are in conformity with the constitution.

INDIAN ADMINISTRATION
Central Administration:
2

Constitutional Framework, Central Secretariat: Organization and Functions, Prime Minister's

Office and Cabinet Secretariat, Union Public Service Commission/Selection Commission,
Planning Process, All India and Central Services
State Administration
Constitutional Profile of State Administration, State Secretariat: Organization and
Relationship between the Secretariat and Directorates, State Services and Public Service
Commission
Field and Local Administration
Field Administration, District Collec tor, Police Administration, Municipal Administration,
Panchayati Raj and Local Government
STABILITY IN INDIAN ADMINISTRATION
There has been stability in the Indian Administration after 1947 from the
pattern thatexisted before independence. At the same time the political background and the
psychological atmosphere and the objectives of administration have changed totally after
independence. The mainly significant cause for this stability was the sudden and peaceful
transfer of power from the British rulers to the Indian people. Another cause was that
millions of refugees migrated flanked by the two post -partition countries, India and Pakistan,
partly due to communal violence and partly due to the willing option of sections of
population to settle in the other country. Mainly of the cadres in Administration got depleted
as mainly of the Muslims and European Civil Servants resigned and left the country. So there
were neither the possessions nor the people to set up new administrative machinery. A stable
and well founded administrative organisation comprising departments and civil services was
the critical need of the hour. So, the then existing administrative framework sustained after
independence.
DEPARTMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
The preindependence era saw the administrative organisations of the
Central and the State (then described Provincial) governments intact. This
was a factor contributing to the undisturbed transfer of power from the British
to the Indian hands. The administration of thecountrys security, law and order, finances,
communication system, educational organisation and other elements of the infrastructure after
1947 sustained as before.
At independence on 15 August 1947, the following eighteen departments
(redesignated as Ministries) functioned under the Government of India:

Defence,
Finance,
Home,
States,
Legislative (Law),
Commerce,
Industries and Supplies,
Railways,
Transport,
3

 Communications,
Labour,
Agriculture,
Food,
Education,
Health,
Information and Broadcasting,
Works, Mines and Power.
From five departments in 1858, at the transfer of the government in India from the charge of
the East India Company to the control of the British Parliament (actual handled through
British Government), to eighteen in 1947 indicated an enormous augment in the
administrative activity.
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
To ensure impartial selection of meritorious civil servants, a Public Service Commission in
India; was recognized in 1926 with the Chairman and four members. This (Central) Public
Service Commission was vested with two functions in the main, recruitment to All India and
Central Services, and screening of disciplinary cases. It was also to advice in the matters of
standards of qualification and methods of examination for the civil services, so far as
recruitment in India was concerned. The Commission was redesignated as the Federal Public
Service Commission in the1935 Act.
Under the 1935 Act, provincial governments were to form Public
Service Commissions independently or in groups or in single commission for all of them.
Through agreement of the Governor and the Governor General, the Federal Commission
might act for Provinces, like Bombay, Madras set up the Provincial Public Service
Commissions with functions similar to those of the Federal Commission.
DEVELOPMENT AND WELFARE CONTENT OF ADMINISTRATION
After Independence, the welfare and development content of the administration
has become very prominent. It might be said that this content is predominant over the law and
order and regulatory content. It does not that throughout the British rule the development and
welfare characteristic did not exist at all. It was there, but it was subordinate to the chief
motivation of the foreigners to rule over this country and its people.
Health and medical facilities at an elementary stage were started.
Agricultural research was commenced. After the First World War, fiscal incentives were
given for industrial development through individual initiative. But the Public Administration
under the British was not deeply involved in the development of the country and welfare of
the people. The Preamble of the Constitution seeks to secure to all citizens social and
economic justice and equality of status and of opportunity.

faced with much

the public
agricultural
much cattle,
standards, spreading
provision of civic
areas had to be
illiteracy and
means, technical
people in the
through entrusting
their political and

The development administration in the rural areas has been

more hard tasks than the administration of
enterprises. Rising
production, helping raise the milk yield of the
promoting the public health and medical
education as well as taking care of its quality,
amenities all these and other tasks in the rural
realized through breaking the walls of
prejudice and providing needed economic
tools and inputs. Involvement of the rural
transformation was sought
some of these tasks or their characteristics to
administrative institutions. Fruits of
development have also to reach the poor
farmers and rural laborers.

SRI VENKATESWARA INSTITUTE

OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
COLLEGE OF NURSING - TIRUPATI

SEMINAR ON
INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND
INDIAN ADMINITRATION
5

Submitted to

Submitted by

Mrs. Dr.sudha Rani,

K. kousar nazma

M.Sc. Nursing, Ph.D,

l1st year M.Sc Nursing,

Professor, principal

College of Nursing,

College of Nursing,

SVIMS.

SVIMS.

STUDENT PROFILE
NAME OF THE GUIDE

Mrs. Dr. Sudha Rani

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

K. kousar nazma

COURSE

M. Sc Nursing, l1 year.

SUBJECT

Nursing Management

UNIT

unit-1

TOPIC

: INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND INDIAN ADMINITRATION

GROUP

Peer group.

DATE

-02-2016

TIME

2 4pm

VENUE

M.Sc nursing ll year class room

METHOD OF TEACHING :

Lecture cum discussion

A.V AIDS

Chock board, charts, flash cards.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Age of the mother

1. Below 20 years
2. 21-25 years
3. 26-30 years
4. 31 years and above
Religion
1. Hindu
2. Muslim
3. Christian
Education of mother
1. Illiterate
2. Primary Education
3. Secondary Education
4. Technical Education
Education of the father
1. Illiterate
2. Primary Education
3. Secondary Education
4. Technical Education
0ccupation of the mother
1. Home maker
2. Employee
3. Labourer
4. Others
Occupation of the father
1. Business
2. Employee
3. Labourer
4. Others
Type of family

10
22
14
4

20
44
28
8

36
12
2

72
24
4

33
5
8
4

66
10
16
8

12
17
11
10

24
34
22
20

33
3
10
4

66
6
20
8

30
15
2
3

60
30
4
6

1. Nuclear
2. Joint
3. Extended

34
12
3

66
30
6

4. Single parent family

11
29
7
3

22
58
14
6

30
7
10

60
14
20

Number of under five children

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four and above
Family income per month
1. Below 10,000
2. 10,000- 15,000
3. 15,001- 20,000
8

10

4. 20,001 and above

Place of resident
1. Urban
2. Rural
3. Urban slum

15
5
30

30
10
60