Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan

Neighbourhood+Environmental+
Improvement+Plan+(NEIP)+
Pilot+Undertaken+for+Electoral+Ward+No:+164+
(ChunnabhaB+C+L+Ward)+
Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)
NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPROVEMENT PLAN (NEIP)
FINAL REPORT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On behalf of the team we would like to thank the US Consulate for giving us this research
grant. It has been an extremely enriching experience to interact with the team at the
consulate particularly from the support we received from Mr Jayesh C. Dadlaney, Mark
Nachtrieb, Traci L. Mell, Avari Behrooz and Ashwati Bharadwaj. We also take this
opportunity to thank Mr. Tandel, local corporator, Chunabhatti who showed great enthusiasm
and was always open for discussion. The research work could not have been possible
without the cooperation from MCGM officials particularly Mr.Anis Khan, Mr.Sandesh Matkar,
Mr.Sonawne, Mr.Saudagar, Mr.Kolte, Mr.Phunde and Mr.Katkade.
Sincere thanks goes to all the students from Kamla Raheja Vidhyanidhi Institute of
Architecture, ITM-Kharghar, Viva Architecture College, SNDT who formed part of our team
at various stages and brought in their enthusiasm and positivity. We also thank Charvi
Parikh from Me2Green for the collaboration on the project.
THE TEAM
SHRIYA BHATIA ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER
Phone: +91-9892138011, Email: shriyabhatia@gmail.com
Shriya Bhatia is with EMC since April 2012 and is currently designated as Senior
Environmental Planner. Shriya holds a Masters degree in Environmental Planning from
CEPT University in Ahmedabad and a Bachelors degree in Architecture. She has also been
invited by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Department of State, United States
of America for the International Visitors Leadership Programme, a professional exchange
programme themed on Mega Cities and Urban Planning.
Shriya has more than four years of working experience in Urban Environmental
Management, Urban & Regional Planning, Heritage Conservation and Environmental &
Social Risk Assessments for financial institutions and impact investor.
She was involved with strategizing and facilitating environment improvement and heritage
management activities in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region while at the Mumbai Metropolitan
Region Environment Improvement Society (Supported by MMRDA) including; project
development, project appraisal for financial grants, monitoring and stakeholder consultation
for research, demonstration and awareness projects (2009 2012).
With experience in urban and regional planning, Shriya was involved with Inventorization of
Environmental Features in Greater Mumbai (2009-12) and Revision of the Regional plan of
the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) while working at MMR-EIS, 2009-12 (supported by
MMRDA). She has also been involved with heritage conservation community projects at city
and community level through the Development of a web-based heritage information system
for MMR and Preparation of an action plan for conservation of 5 heritage precincts in MMR.
Shriya has gained expertise in development of environmental and social risk assessment
frameworks as well as their implementation across various sectors like lending, investments,
infrastructure development and infrastructure advisory.
She has also been actively involved with development of the Environmental Safeguard and
Responsibility Framework for Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (2013).
She has also reviewed sustainable waste management business models in India for an ADB
sponsored project through consultation with stakeholders in the waste sector (2013). Shriya
has undertaken Social and Environmental Review of an Agro-processing Industry in India for
Grassroots Business Fund (Impact Investor).
SHEEMA FATIMA SOCIAL EXPERT

Phone: +91-8976819096, Email: fatimasheema@gmail.com
Sheema Fatima has more than eight years of work and teaching experience in Urban &
Regional Planning. She holds a Masters degree in Urban and Regional Planning from CEPT
University in Ahmedabad and a Masters degree in Geography from Delhi School of
Economics. She has also pursued a Post-graduate Diploma, Urban Planning and
Management (UPM), International Institute of Geo-information Science and Earth
Observation (ITC) from Enschede, Netherlands. She is currently working on her Ph.D in
School of Development Studies, TISS, Mumbai wherein she is making an enquiry into the
institutional mechanism of City Planning in Patna, Bihar, India. Her research interest lies in
the political economy of urban planning and was earlier associated as Assistant Professor
with School of Social Science and Policy, Center for Development Studies, Central
University of Bihar, Patna. At present she is a visiting faculty at Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi
Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies (KRVIA), Mumbai and teaches Urban
Sociology.
PRIYA
CHAVAN JOSHI - DISASTER MANAGEMENT EXPERT
Phone: +91-9833625340, Email: priya.m.chavan@gmail.com

Priya Chavan is an Architect, Urban Planner with over eight years of professional experience
in the field Urban and Regional Planning and Post-Disaster Planning.
She holds a Masters Degree in Planning with specialization in Housing from CEPT
University, Ahmedabad and a Bachelors Degree in Architecture Her work experience
includes a wide array of projects that require in-depth knowledge of physical planning, urban
policy & legislation and urban management.
Priya has worked in the capacity of project manager and team leader in various
organisations where she has worked in Ahmedabad and Bangalore. She now works as a
freelance urban planner and post-disaster planning consultant. In this capacity she has
worked with Jamsetji Tata Centre for Disaster Management and Eptisa Engineering
Services, Spain.
She has been actively involved in urban planning and land use studies and been part of the
team to work on the bus rapid transport system project as part of the Government of India,
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) and the World Bank funded
city development strategy project in Gujarat, apart from various other urban planning, urban
policy and urban environment projects.
Priya has also gained expertise in post disaster planning projects. She has successfully
completed the Planning for the Reconstruction of the Kosi Flood Affected Areas in Bihar,
India in the capacity of a Project Manager and has also worked as a researcher on the
Impact Assessment of Oxfam International Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction and
Participatory Action Research Program. Her work in the Planning for the Reconstruction of
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the Kosi Flood Affected Areas in Bihar has been greatly appreciated by the Government of
Bihar and UNDP and as a result the World Bank had agreed to fund our next stage of work
in Bihar. Her work has been submitted and accepted for the Innovation in Disaster, World
Reconstruction Conference organized by the World Bank and United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).
Other than the above, she has also been involved in academics and research in the felid of
disaster management. She was assigned the responsibility of designing a course which
encompasses urban, rural and regional planning, disaster vulnerability and pre and post
disaster management for Jamsetji Tata Centre for Disaster Management.
CHANDERSHEKHAR KAUL URBAN PLANNER

Phone: +91-9833181018, Email: cskaul@gmail.com
Chandrashekhar Kaul is a multi-talented architect and urban planner with over 8 years of
experience in planning, designing, detailing, supervising and coordinating with multidisciplinary teams for the execution of various projects. He is familiar with client servicing,
contract negotiations, preparation of BOQs, zoning and planning issues, tracking project
performance and monitoring the team dynamics.
His experience of working as an Urban Planner on Environment Development Plans for
various villages/cluster of villages across different districts in the state of Maharashtra would
be very handy. He is current pursuing Post Graduate Programme in Infrastructure
Development and Management from NICMAR, Pune. He has also successfully completed
many planning related certificate courses from World Bank Institute.
CONTENTS
1
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 8
1.1
Project Area ............................................................................................................ 9
1.2
Methodology ......................................................................................................... 10
DELINEATING THE NEIGHBORHOOD....................................................................... 11

2.1
Case Study: Review Of Community Plans ............................................................ 11
2.2
Preliminary meetings ............................................................................................ 14
2.3
Reconnaissance Survey ....................................................................................... 15
2.3.1
Housing Typologies ....................................................................................... 15
2.3.2
Open Spaces: ................................................................................................ 18
2.3.3
Market Area: .................................................................................................. 18
2.3.4
Industrial Area:............................................................................................... 19
2.3.5
Chunnabhatti Station: .................................................................................... 19
2.4
Identification of Stakeholders ................................................................................ 20
2.5
Project Team Building ........................................................................................... 20
2.6
Delineation of the project area .............................................................................. 22
MAPPING THE AREA.................................................................................................. 23

3.1
Preparation of base map ....................................................................................... 23
3.2
Team Building ....................................................................................................... 23
3.3
Mapping surveys ................................................................................................... 23
3.4
Generation of Maps .............................................................................................. 26
DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................... 27

4.1
Development Plans/Maps ..................................................................................... 27
4.2
Infrastructure Information ...................................................................................... 28
4.3
Questionnaire Surveys .......................................................................................... 28
4.4
Project Proposals for the Area .............................................................................. 28
4.5
Population Estimation and Projection .................................................................... 29
4.5.1
Population of Mumbai (MCGM) ...................................................................... 29
4.5.2
Population of L ward ...................................................................................... 31
4.5.3
Estimating the Population of Corporator Ward 164 ........................................ 32
INTERACTIONS AND SURVEYS OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS .................................... 34

5
5.1
5.1.1
Residents Survey ........................................................................................... 34
5.1.2
Shops and Establishments Survey................................................................. 34
5.1.3
Commuters Survey ........................................................................................ 34
5.1.4
Open Space Users Survey............................................................................. 35
5.1.5
Hawkers Survey............................................................................................. 35
5.1.6
Waste Managers Survey ................................................................................ 35
5.1.7
Kabadiwalas Survey ...................................................................................... 36
5.1.8
Rag Pickers Survey ....................................................................................... 36
5.2
Interaction with community.................................................................................... 34
Interaction with Key Institutions ............................................................................. 36
5.2.1
Local Corporator ............................................................................................ 36
5.2.2
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai ...................................................... 37
5.2.3
MMRDA ......................................................................................................... 37
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 38

6.1
Land and Building Use .......................................................................................... 39
6.2
Public Spaces - Recreational/Open Spaces .......................................................... 47
6.3
Social Amenities ................................................................................................... 53
6.4
Social Nodes......................................................................................................... 57
6.5
Transportation and commuting.............................................................................. 62
6.6
Informal Economy: Hawkers and Street Vendors .................................................. 67
6.7
Shops and Establishments.................................................................................... 70
6.8
Sewerage and Sanitation ...................................................................................... 73
6.9
Solid Waste Management Chain ........................................................................... 77
6.11
Environment.......................................................................................................... 84
6.12
Snapshots of the Carbon Footprint ....................................................................... 88
6.12.1
Methodology for calculating the Carbon Footprint .......................................... 88
6.12.2
Snapshots of few cases ................................................................................. 88
6.13
Corporator Funding and Expenditure .................................................................... 92
6.14
SWOT ................................................................................................................... 96
PROJECT AND PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS ........................................................... 99

7.1
Greening and redesigning of open spaces ............................................................ 99
7.1.1
Shivaji Maidan ............................................................................................. 100
7.1.2
Open plot at tata nagar ................................................................................ 103

6
7.1.3
manoranjan udyan ....................................................................................... 105
7.1.4
Hawkers zone at vacant plot behind fish market .......................................... 108
7.2
Creating public spaces in the process of redevelopment..................................... 111
7.3
Redevelopment of the station area ..................................................................... 112
7.4
Promoting pedestrianisation ................................................................................ 113
7.5
Mobilizing citizens into neighbourhood activities ................................................. 114
7.6
City Engage - An application for community engagement ................................... 118
7.7
Node developments ............................................................................................ 118
7.8
Creating a sustainable waste management systems........................................... 119
7.9
Other interventions to promote sustainable environmental practices ................... 123
Outcomes of the Project............................................................................................. 129

8.1
Knowledge Dissemination ................................................................................... 129
8.2
Empowering the Corporator ................................................................................ 131
ANNEXURE: .............................................................................................................. 132

9.1
QUESTIONNAIRES ............................................................................................ 132
9.1.1
Residents survey form ................................................................................. 132
9.1.2
Shops & Establishments Survey Form ......................................................... 137
9.1.3
Commuters Survey Form ............................................................................. 140
9.1.4
Hawkers Survey Form ................................................................................. 141
9.1.5
Kabbadiwala Survey Form ........................................................................... 144
9.1.6
Waste Managers Survey Form .................................................................... 147
9.1.7
Open Space Survey Form............................................................................ 148
9.1.8
Ragpicker Survey Form ............................................................................... 151
1 BACKGROUND
The city of Mumbai is also called the economic capital of the country and holds a largely
cosmopolitan cultural milieu. Over the years the social and economic character of the city
has changed from being labour intensive during 1930s to capital intensive production in
1990s and the recent change to being a global financial centre.
This transition of the city with its positives has created certain vulnerabilities too. Mumbai
has been witnessing environmental degradation like most cities due to haphazard
infrastructure development, inefficient service delivery, complacency and inaction of public
agencies. Although, Indian cities adopt urban planning tools such as; regional plans,
development plans and town planning schemes; these are often top driven, lack public
participation and remain long term plans that do not respond to the dynamic nature of cities.
It has resulted in poor implementation of these plans. Thus, community needs are
compromised, leading to unsustainable practices and environmental problems.
As such, a process of participatory plans needs to be initiated for environmental
improvement and sustainable growth at neighborhood level.
The project looks at developing a neighbourhood environment improvement plan (NEIP) as
a pilot for a local neighbourhood in Mumbai.
1.1 Project Area

The project looks into the
area of Chunnabhatti, 164
Electoral ward, located
within L ward of Municipal
Corporation of Greater
Mumbai. The delineated
area for the project is 164
electoral ward located in
south of L ward and on the
northern edge of F/North
Ward. Chunnabhatti, is a
transitional neighborhood in
Mumbai with a transit node
and close to Bandra Kurla
Complex, located on the
Eastern Express Highway.
Chunnabhatti has a station
area, a market and was
home to the first cotton mill
in Mumbai, i.e. Swadeshi
Mill in 1886.
It has new redevelopment
projects of reliance and
MHADA,
mill
workers
chawls, a street with hawkers and commercial establishments and slum areas.
1.2 Methodology
The methodology for the project is illustrated below;
10
2 DELINEATING THE NEIGHBORHOOD

2.1 Case Study: Review Of Community Plans
As part of the literature review, case studies of community planning processes in the Unites
States of America were undertaken. It was noted that the lowest level of planning in the US
is at the community level. There are multiple stakeholders involved in Community level
planning in the US unlike in India which include; communities themselves, governments,
Non-profits, private agencies, and partnerships amongst them. Community planning projects
range from; providing affordable housing, to reviving local economies through brownfield
development, placemaking exercises, creating community spaces such as parks,
transportation planning efforts such as promoting cycling with bicycle tracks, developing
community centres and adaptive reuse projects.
Some of the examples for community planning in the US led by various agencies include the
following; High Line at New York, Downtown Project at Las Vegas, Menomonee River
Valley Restoration and development, Urban Ecology Center at Milwawkee, United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development,
Menomonee Valley Partners, Inc. is a nonprofit organization serving as the lead agency in
the redevelopment of the Menomonee River Valley Industrial Site, the largest green
infrastructure project in Metro Milwaukee and a key example of the sustainable
redevelopment of an underutilized, contaminated industrial site. The sites green features
include a 28-hectare stormwater park with recreational trails that is expected to treat 100
percent runoff from adjacent industrial and commercial areas. The site has also led to the
creation of 4,200 family-supporting jobs, 83,000 square meters of green buildings and
installation of 18 hectares of native plants.
Menomonee River Valley Industrial Site, Milwaukee
11
Urban Ecology Center, is a neighborhood-based, environmental education, nonprofit

community center that transformed an area laden with violent crime and the drug trade into a
safe, family-friendly recreational haven.
Urban Ecology Centre, Milwaukee
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community

Planning and Development works to foster viable communities by promoting integrated
approaches that provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expand
economic opportunities for those of low and moderate income. CPD also encourages the
empowerment of local residents by helping to give them a voice in the future of their
neighborhoods; stimulate the creation of community-based organizations; and enhance the
management skills of existing organizations so they can achieve greater production capacity.
CPD representatives will explain how HUD assists cities, states and community groups with
social and economic development. The agencys green initiatives may also be addressed.
The High Line Park in New York is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) New York City linear park
built on a section of a disused New York Central Railroad spur called the West Side Line.
Inspired by the 3-mile (4.8-kilometer) Promenade plante, a similar project in Paris
completed in 1993, the High Line has been redesigned and planted as an aerial greenway
and rails-to-trails park.
High Line Park, New York
12
Active Transportation Allianceis a nongovernmental organization focused on increasing

and improving the bicycling, walking and public transit environment in Chicago. They have
undertaken public transit policy initiatives, bicycling and pedestrian-friendly street initiatives
and transit-oriented development sites.
Downtown Project is an initiative by Zappos.com CEO Tony Hsieh to revitalize downtown
Las Vegas and turn it into a community-focused, densely-populated urban core; through
$350 million of business investment, land purchases and construction of co-working spaces,
it is an on-going case study on private sector urban redevelopment efforts.
Container Park, Downtown, Las Vegas
Project for Public Spaces is a nonprofit planning, design and educational organization
dedicated to helping people create and sustain public spaces that build stronger
communities. It has assisted communities, private agencies, corporates in developing variety
of public and community spaces such as; streets, transit nodes, public markets, parks,
squares, waterfronts, public buildings, downtowns and campuses. One of the examples
includes; Burnside Park in Rhode Island.
Burnside Park, Providence, Rhode Island
Southwest Airlines and Project for Public Spaces partnered with the Downtown Providence
Parks Conservancy and the City of Providence to expand family friendly activities in
Burnside Park, located in the heart of downtown Providence in Greater Kennedy Plaza.
Based on a series of community-led Placemaking efforts, an Imagination Center was
developed, a fun destination that brings people together for activities like story-time, arts and
crafts workshops, interactive play, live performances, and more. The Center is surrounded
by colorful picnic tables, planting beds, and a wooden deck and includes book carts,
beanbag seating, and an Imagination Playground play set.
These Placemaking activities in Burnside Park support the City of Providences broader
efforts to transform its entire downtown into a lively economic and cultural center through the
development of exceptional public spaces.
13
2.2 Preliminary meetings

Since the idea of the community planning process is to work with the local community along
with the local administration a meeting with the local councilor was arranged. In the meeting
the councilor was briefed about the project and its objectives. The Ward Corporator, Mr.
Tandel showed great enthusiasm for such a participatory exercise and assured of his
complete support for the same. Mr. Tandel helped us formulate planning proposals which
could be implemented for the betterment of the Chunabhatti ward area. A series of
discussions with local residents assisted in establishing the context of the area and helped
us develop perspective at each stage of the project.
14
2.3 Reconnaissance Survey

An initial process was started with a walk in the study area and some conversations. It
helped in the identification and demarcation of boundary for the purpose of community
planning. Key observations are noted below;
2.3.1
Housing Typologies
The delineated project area showcased three broad categories of housing typology based on
the socio-economic status of the residents/citizens
2.3.1.1 Formal Private Residential Schemes

Within this typology of housing, are residential societies and cooperative societies developed
by private builders and sold in the open market.
Formal Private Residential Schemes
2.3.1.2 Reliance Housing

This housing is developed by Reliance industries for its workers. This land was developed as
part of the mill land development schemes prevalent in the city, under which part of the land
can be sold/leased in the open market for real estate development. Reliance industries have
developed residential facilities for their staff, working in its various industries.
15
Reliance housing for employees
2.3.1.3 MHADA Housing

Maharashtra Housing & Area Development Authority (MHADA) is an apex public body
constituted under MHAD ACT 1976, established in 1977 under Housing Department
Government of Maharashtra. Its function is to integrate and create new housing solutions so
as to provide a comprehensive and coordinated approach to the problems of housing.
Within the project area, MHADA has developed affordable housing to be sold in the open
market through a lottery system. This cooperative society is called Dev-Ratna Society.
Adjoining this scheme, MHADA has developed a residential scheme to house the Mill
Workers.
16
Mill workers MHADA housing and Dev Ratna MHADA housing
2.3.1.4 Mill Workers Settlements

The project areas once housed the Swadeshi Mills which closed down during the 1980s
when nearly 250,000 workers and more than 50 textile mills went on strike in Mumbai. The
mill workers were provided housing on the lands adjoining the mills by the mill owners. Post
the strike, the workers remained/ stay put on the lands and over the years these settlements
have expanded as families have multiplied. A substantially large chunk of land in the project
area is mill workers settlement.
The settlement is characterized by chawl development and individual two storied tenements.
The premises though small and belonging to the lower economic rung are well kept and
managed.
17
Mill workers chawl and individual houses
2.3.1.5 Slums
The northern part of the project area is the Qureshi Nagar Slum. It is predominantly occupied
by the Muslim community. The residents are mostly involved in butchery and extracting
animal fat. This area is characterized by the sub-standard housing with no infrastructure
facilities for drainage, thus creating unhealthy living conditions.
2.3.2
Open Spaces:
The project area has three large open green areas. They are namely,
ChatrapatiShivajiKridangan, BMC garden and ManoranjanUdyan. Other than these, small
open spaces are developed within the formal housing areas. In the mill workers settlement
area, individuals have created small patches gardens/ kitchen gardens.
Manoranjan Udyan and BMC Garden
2.3.3
Market Area:
2.3.3.1 Formal Markets

All main roads, i.e. the V N PuravMarg, Swadeshi Mill Road and Hill Road have
neighbourhood level retail shops. The typical characteristics are that the ground floor is used
as a shop and the first floor is used as a residence. However the V N PuravMarg, i.e. the
main road leading to the station is the main market area within the project area.
18
Formal market areas
2.3.3.2 Hawkers/Informal Markets

The entire area is dotted with informal markets and hawkers. The areas around the station
has many hawkers selling vegetables and other daily needs. The street at the edge of
Qureshi Nagar also has a large number of hawkers. Other than these, sellers using
handcarts are also common in the area
2.3.4
Industrial Area:
The once flourishing Swadeshi Mill occupies a large portion of land in the project area. Being
under litigation this entire piece of land is enclosed and inaccessible to the general public. It
presently lies in a dilapidated condition.
Dilapidated Swadeshi Mill Compound
2.3.5
Chunnabhatti Station:
The western boundary of the project area is demarcated by the railway line. The Chunabhatti
Railway station is located south-west corner of the project area. It is on the harbour railway
line, which is part of the larger railway network of the city.
19
Chunabhatti station and railway crossing
2.4 Identification of Stakeholders

The preliminary meetings and reconnaissance survey assisted in identifying stakeholders
such as the local mandals operating social clubs, slum housing societies, mill workers
societies, hawkers, formal establishment, kabbadiwalas, commuters, etc. as listed in the
illustration below.
2.5 Project Team Building

A discussion was organized with expert team members to chalk out and finalize future plan
of action. The aim, objectives with definitive deliverables along with required actions were
identified and streamlined. It helped us to keep a track of timeline of the proposed work. We
formed an extended team for surveys and mapping for which we have partnered with
Geoconcept, as a GIS expert team and Dream Tech Solutions for providing surveyor and
GIS equipment and training. Our team also consists of two urban design students; Apoorva
Deshpande and Archana Jadhav from Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture who
20
were trained to assist in surveys. A collaboration was made with Me2Green, an NGO
working on waste management along with their 10 student volunteers of 1st year
management of Institute for Technology and Management for conducting surveys amongst
various stakeholders in the community. Two other students (Saipriyanka Susarla and Simran
Madhok) who were trained to conduct biodiversity mapping from First Year Bachelor of
Computer Application from Dr. BMN College of Home Science, SNDT were also part of the
team. In the subsequent stages we had two urban design (Rejish Ramchandran and
Rajashree) students from Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture to assist with
interventions and graphics. In the second stage after he surveys and mapping process was
completed, we mentored First Year Architecture Students from VIVA College to understand
the process of mapping and with them did a ground truthing exercise of all the maps.
Sketches and views of the area were also made by these students.
Expert team Planning
Briefing the students on surveys
Students for biodiversity mapping
Biodiversity mapping on Googlemaps
Student Volunteers from Me2Green
Snapshot of Questionnaire surveys
21
2.6 Delineation of the project area

The criteria for the delineation of the project area was a location which showcased multiple
aspects of urban living such as; shopping, residential, commuting, cultural, social,
recreational, economic activity, etc. It also needed to be a small micro unit of cities which
had a common thread/ homogeneity. Thus, an electoral ward was considered as base unit
for undertaking micro level planning. This unit is the smallest unit for which peoples
representative is elected who participates in the decisions of the city administration. The City
administration provides a budget of Rs.1.6 crores (Rs.1 crore development fund and Rs.0.6
crore Local fund) per year to every Corporator. The neighbourhood environment
improvement plan is aimed to assist in prioritizing the implementation of development works
under the Corporator funds and other available funds. The electoral ward 164 which has
been delineated for undertaking the project which is part of the Chunnabhatti area. The area
predominantly consists of mill worker housing, large abandoned mill areas in process of
redevelopment, a market stretch starting from the Chunnabhatti station, slum pockets, etc. It
was also noted that many pockets in the area are in process of redevelopment.
164 Electoral Ward part of Chunnabhatti Area
22
3 MAPPING THE AREA

3.1 Preparation of base map
As part of this stage, the first step was to prepare a base map. For this purpose,
Geoconcept, a GIS expert team based in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India was hired along with
equipment and surveyor assistance from Dreamtech solutions. The following information
was shared with him;
Google place marks of the project area
Raster image of the existing land use
Raster image of the proposed Development Plan
Google place marks of
the project area
Raster of
land use
the
existing
Raster of the proposed

Development Plan
To prepare the base map, the following steps were undertaken,

Digitization of the city survey ward boundaries, plots, roads, building footprints,
railway line, water bodies, environmental features etc.
Geo-referencing with the help of the open source satellite images.
Further digitization of buildings and roads based on satellite imagery
3.2 Team Building

The team for preparing the base map and undertaking the survey comprised of the core
member of the project team, GIS experts team from Geoconcept and Urban Design students
from Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture.
3.3 Mapping surveys

As part of this stage the first step was to prepare the base map. Digitize the development
plan maps, geo-reference with the help of the open source satellite images. The
23
administrative and electoral ward was marked and boundary determined. The development
plan was also used to identify proposals for public amenities such parks, hospitals, etc.
Mapping of the area is being undertaken based on following categories;
Category
Parameters
Land-use Mapping
Roads, railways, commercial (types), residential (typologies),

institutional, vacant land, slums, hawkers
Environment mapping
Trees, drains, main holes, gardens, public toilet, solid waste

dumping/burning/composting, waste bins, tanks, wells,
flooding areas. Common plantation areas, Solar panels,
kabaddiwalas
Social Amenities
Community spaces, clubs, newspaper reading stands, post

offices, public health centers, political party offices,
Anganwadi, schools, hospitals, fire department , religious
buildings
Infrastructure Mapping
Street lights, footpath, bus stop, auto stand, parking lots,

railway over bridge, overhead tanks, pumping stations,
electric sub stations.
The process of mapping has been illustrated below;

Digitization of Reference maps
Georeferencing with satellite images
Creating colloborative maps
24
Urban Design experts surveing the project area
The land-use survey team being felicitated by the

Corporator(Ward Councillor)
Biodiversity Mapping
Sample Maps Generated for Amenities
Similar such maps are being prepared as

part of the next phase.
25
3.4 Generation of Maps

A set of maps are being prepared as part of the situational analysis listed as follows;
1. Transportation: Roads, Bus Stops, Rickshaw stands, railway line, railway station,
Streetlights
2. Green Cover: Trees and open spaces
3. Solid waste management: community bins, dumping areas, kabadiwalas
4. Sewerage and Sanitation: Toilets and sewer lines
5. Reservations of social amenities as per DP
6. Religious Structure
7. Social Nodes; Mandals, clubs, newspaper stands, anganwadi,
8. Social Amenities: hospital, school, post office, police station, health care centre,
9. Building typology: Heights
10. Building Typology: Income
11. Plot Land-use
12. Building Use
13. Disaster map: Landslides and flood
26
4 DATA COLLECTION
4.1 Development Plans/Maps
Development Plan proposals 1991 show proposals for hospitals, Schools, gardens. These
are depicted in the map below. Currently, the draft development plan 2014-2034 published in
the month of March, 2015 has also been reviewed for suggestions and objections. also
attended meetings on the draft development plan discussion at MCGM and assisted the
Corporator with understanding its implications in the area.
Development Plan 1991
Existing Land use Map 2014 (MCGM)
Draft Development Plan (Reservations)
Draft Development Plan 2014-2034 (FSI)
27
4.2 Infrastructure Information

Information on social and physical infrastructure was collected through procurement from
various departments of MCGM and through ground surveys. Social infrastructure and
amenities were mapped through existing maps available with MCGM and also verified on
ground for understanding existing status. These included; gardens, public health centres,
schools, hospitals, police stations, etc. along with social nodes such as gyms, mandals,
benches, etc. Sewerage and Sanitation data was procured from MCGM and marked on the
base map. These included sewer lines, man holes, inceptor chambers and public toilets.
Solid waste management department of MCGM assisted us with information of existing
number of community bins and their locations. These were marked on maps along with
location of kabbadiwalas and illicit dumping areas.
4.3 Questionnaire Surveys

Detailed questionnaires have been prepared attached as part of Annexure of this report.
There are 8 questionnaires as follows; (i)Residents survey, (ii) Shops & Establishments
Survey, (iii) Commuters Survey, (iv)Hawkers Survey, (v)Kabbadiwala Survey, (vi) Waste
Managers Survey , (vii) Open Space Survey , (viii) Ragpicker Survey
4.4 Project Proposals for the Area

Existing proposals were also identified from MMRDA details are as follows; An elevated 1.6
km corridor between the Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) and the Eastern Express Highway
(EEH), costing Rs.155.70 crore to provide connectivity between Eastern and Western
suburbs. The proposed elevated connector will start from G-Block in BKC and after crossing
Mithi river, LBS marg, Central Railway track and VN Mankikar Road or Duncan Causeway
road leading to Chunabhatti Railway station, it will cross Harbour Line Tracks, pass through
Somaiyya Trust Ground to join the Eastern Express Highway. The link will consist of
Construction of 260-meter long bridge across Mithi River, construction of Rail Over Bridges
(ROBs) across Central Railway near Sion Railway Station and across Harbour Railway near
Chunabhatti Railway Station. The scope
of the work also includes construction of
ROB at level crossing near Chunabhatti
Railway station on V N Purav Marg. The
Detailed Project Report was procured
from MMRDA along with Environmental
Impact Assessment Reports. The area
will see a considerable change with the
new proposal. The proposal was
discussed in detail with the Corporator
and a letter was drafted for the
Corporator identifying issues and
concerns
28
4.5 Population Estimation and Projection

For the purpose of estimating the 2014 population of the 164 ward, the researchers faced
certain limitations:
1. The census does not provide Corporator ward population
2. The census 2011 is yet to be published in the public forum, thus even city level
figures are estimates from various sources
Thus for estimating and projecting the population of the city various methods have been
used. Given below is the detailed methodology and estimates.
4.5.1
POPULATION OF MUMBAI (MCGM)
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), also known as

the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) is the civic body that governs the city
of Mumbai, Maharashtra. Established under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888, it
is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and some suburbs of
Mumbai. Shown below is the map and administrative wards of the city.
For the purpose of population estimation and projection, the MCGM is considered as the
largest entity for which the population figures are available in the census.
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Year
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Population
4152056
5970575
8243405
9925891
11914378
12478447
Change in population
Growth rate
1818519
2272830
1682486
1988487
564069
43.80%
38.07%
20.41%
20.03%
4.73%
29
Source: Census Of India
As is seen in the growth rates graph, there has been a sudden dip in the growth rate of the
city. Researchers attribute the decline in population growth to people choosing smaller
families, others point to the saturation of the financial capital, plagued as it is with
disappearing job opportunities and shrinkage of affordable homes. However, Mumbai's
demographic shift is in keeping with global trends where population expectedly peaks at the
nascent stages of development and subsequently falls.
Considering that MCGM has a geographical administrative area of 480.24 Sq.km (Source:
http://www.mcgm.gov.in) the density of the city is as follows:
Sr. No
Year
Population
1
2
3
4
5
6
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
4152056
5970575
8243405
9925891
11914378
12478447
Density
(persons per
sq.km)
8646
12432
17165
20669
24809
25984
Other social parmanetrs available for MCGM are as below:

MCGM has a slum population of 41.85%(Source: Development Plan 2014-2034)
The sex ratio of the city is 811 females per 1000 males, which is lower than that of
the country i.e. 933 females per 1000 males (Source: Report: Population and Employment Profile
of MMR)
The city has a literacy of 77.45%

The estimated/projected population of MCGM for 2014 is 12655220, considering
a growth rate of 0.47% per year.
Further certain inofrmation is available of the number of voters in the city.
Area/Zone
Mumbai North
Mumbai North West
Mumbai North East
Population Census
2001
1949993
2003150
1985833
Registered voters 2009 electoral rolls

1608924
1604992
1572890
% of total population
83%
80%
79%
30
Area/Zone
Population Census
2001
Mumbai North Central
2051039
Mumbai South Central
1933904
Mumbai South
2054531
TOTAL
Average
4.5.2
11978450
1996408
Registered voters 2009 electoral rolls

1682553
1515099
1590400
% of total population
9574858
1595810
80%
80%
82%
78%
77%
POPULATION OF L WARD
The councillor ward 164 lies within administrative ward L, thus the demographics of L ward
has been considered for the next level of analysis.
Source: http://www.praja.org/
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
Year
1981
1991
2001
2011
Population
433913
616592
778218
902225
Source: http://bmcmumbaicontact.blogspot.in/
Change in population
Growth rate
182679
161626
124007
42%
26%
16%
31
Considering that L-ward has a geographical administrative area of 13.46 Sq.km (Source:
http://www.mcgm.gov.in) the density of the ward is as follows:
Sr.
No
Year
1
2
3
4
1981
1991
2001
2011
Population
433913
616592
778218
902225
Density (persons
per sq.km)
32237
45809
57817
67030
Other social parmanetrs available for L ward are as per 2001 census are:
L-ward has a slum population of 54.35%(Source: Development Plan 2014-2034)
The sex ratio of the ward is 758 females per 1000 males, which is lower than that of
the country i.e. 933 females per 1000 males (Source: Report: Population and Employment Profile
of MMR)
For the purpose of preapring the Development Plan, the ward is further divided into
smaller planning sectors. As per MCGM - Development Plan 2014-2034
4.5.3
ESTIMATING THE POPULATION OF CORPORATOR WARD 164
As mentioned ealrier, there are certain limitations in estimating the population of the
corporators ward. The only information available at the corporator level is that in 2012, the
voter population was 54,104. Based on this the following estimations are done.
4.5.3.1 Estimating 164 wardpopulation based on voter population

We know from the city level data that, the voter population is approximately 80% of the total
population of the city. Applying this same ratio for the corporator ward, the population of the
Corporator Ward 164 is as follows:
Voter population: 54,104; which is approximately 80% of the total population. Thus,
80% * X = 54104
32
Thus the current estimated population of corporator ward 164 is 67,631
4.5.3.2 Estimating the slum population of 164 ward

We have seen earler that the average slum population in the city varies from 40% at the city
level to 54% in L ward. Since a large area withtin ward 164 is slums, 54% is being assumed
as the slum population. Thus the ward has approximately 36,521 persons living in the
slums.
33
5 INTERACTIONS
AND
SURVEYS
OF
KEY
STAKEHOLDERS
5.1 Interaction with community
As mentioned in the earlier section, the stakeholders had been identified at the inception
stage and detailed questionnaires were prepared.
Bilateral interviews in form of detailed questionnaires were undertaken with multiple
stakeholders across the area to include; people residing in the neighbourhood, people
commuting through the neighbourhood, people with businesses in the area, people coming
for recreational purposes and all types of waste managers. The purpose of the surveys was
to understand the infrastructure, resource use, carbon footprint, existing environmental and
social strengths, needs and issues of the community. It was also to understand the
engagement of the local Corporator and the municipal corporation with the community.
These surveys have been taken across income groups, gender, age and locality to remove
any biases. Community development and environmental management aspects were
understood based on the surveys.
Below is the list and characteristics of the various stakeholder questioned and sample size
(All questioners have been incorporated in the annexure).
5.1.1
RESIDENTS SURVEY
Chunabhatti is a typical suburban area with a mix of apartments, chawls, mill housing and
slum pockets. Each of this building typology represents a different class of society which has
its own issues to be addressed. The survey with each of these residents was done therefore
to understand and identify the problems faced by the citizens. Special emphasis was made
to calculate their carbon-footprint, for which data was particular collected with respect to their
solid waste output and energy consumption. In the survey both the residents of the area and
the housing society committees were interviewed so as to have an overall picture of the
neighborhood problems. The residents readily participated in the surveys and most of them
showed interest in contributing in some form or the other if any work is done by the municipal
organization for the improvement of the area in future.
5.1.2
SHOPS AND ESTABLISHMENTS SURVEY
Shops and establishment were surveyed to have a sense of commercial areas of the locality.
Most shopkeepers complain of lack of any garbage collection facility or availability of toilets
in the market areas. This makes it very inconvenient for the shopkeepers and they even
have to buy drinking water or get it from home. Municipality has not taken the effort to
construct a shopping center in the area which can have all the facilities for the shopkeepers.
5.1.3
COMMUTERS SURVEY
Local trains are Mumbais lifeline. It covers south to north and east to west of the city within a
span of few minutes and is affordable to each pocket. The Chunnabhatti station is one of the
oldest on the harbour line. Its BEST bus depot is right outside the station which eases
connectivity for the passengers of the nearby area. But both the suburban railway station
34
and the best depot lacks facilities and modernization with the changing time and increasing
population. The surveys with the commuters were done to identify what are these changes
which have made the everyday experience of travelling difficult. The travelers were
interviewed at different point of time and covering different modes. It included people those
use train, public bus and auto service for their daily commuting and at different time period in
a day. Some of the common complains by train passengers at Chunabhatti,were lack of
sufficient ticket counters, no drinking water fountain or toilets. The pedestrians found lack of
enough street lights in the vicinity a big safety hazard particularly by the women commuters.
Those who use public buses for travel complained of less frequency of buses plying from
Chunbhati depot.
5.1.4
OPEN SPACE USERS SURVEY
In a city like Mumbai, which is dense and open spaces are shrinking with few green spaces
to be found. Fortunately for Chunabhatti there are quite a few open green spaces in forms of
Parks and Maidan. These parks and ShivajiMaidan are used by many people. To identify
their issues the survey was done with different age groups and at different point of time. The
morning joggers imagine it to be a fitness friendly space, whereas the bunch of boys want to
enjoy a game of football in the ground at evening hours. Detailed survey was done with each
such group so as to capture their needs and desire of a green space. Those who surveyed
complained of poor lighting in the park during evening hours, lack of maintenance of the park
by responsible authorities and expressed the need for special arrangements for the elderly
population. The Corporator has shown particular interest in development of these spaces for
the larger interest of its user.
5.1.5
HAWKERS SURVEY
Hawking is one of the biggest sources of informal employment in the Mumbai. It makes
Indian streets vibrant and gives alternative sites for shopping for the local population. In
Chunabhatti neighborhood there are quite a few hawkers particularly along the railway
station. They mostly sell snacks and are a compulsory stop over for people returning from
work in the evening. It provides a variety of snacks and eatables at cheap rates and good
quality. A survey was done with the group to understand their problems. Most of them have
license from the municipality for hawking but get no support from the local body. They dont
have formal electricity or water connection. They are frequently harassed by the police and
have to keep shifting places within the area. It is an important stakeholder in any given
locality for it provides vibrancy and safety on otherwise desolate streets. Thus, special
emphasis was given in surveying the hawkers of the neighborhood so as it to integrate them
in a positive manner which would improve their daily struggle for survival and make our
streets vibrant.
5.1.6
WASTE MANAGERS SURVEY
While discussions we realized that other than the rag-pickers and Kabadiwala there is a
parallel cycle of waste-manager. It takes care of re-use, re-cycle, and re-furbish aspect of
the things discarded by the resident of the area. To identify and understand the chain the
cobbler, electrician and cloth-mending tailor were interviewed.
35
5.1.7
KABADIWALAS SURVEY
Municipality does not practice waste segregation at the household level in the city. Once the
household waste is collected, the waste workers segregate the waste on their own and sell it
to the Kabadiwala for personal monetary gains. The Kabadiwalas also buy newspapers and
plastic wastes from apartments and residential areas. They subsequently sell the sorted
newspaper, plastics waste, metal scraps and electric stuff in the Dharavi market. The
Kabadiwala is an important part in this chain of waste management in the city. It also helps
us identify how much waste is being reused to understand the overall carbon-footprint
consumption pattern of the neighborhood.
5.1.8
RAG PICKERS SURVEY
In a city like Mumbai, where there is no segregation of waste at source, the rag pickers play
a vital role in the maintaining the environment of the city. Their role is primary to segregate
waste that is dumped in the public waste bins. The non-biodegradable waste is further
segregated into plastic, paper, glass, metal etc. and into sold to the kabadiwalas.
In the initial visits to the site, it was observed that the jhaduwalas i.e. the person collecting
waste from household also plays a role in initial segregation. Thus they were also
interviewed under this head.
5.2 Interaction with Key Institutions

Institutional interactions with MMRDA and MCGM along with the local Corporator, Mr.Tandel
was also undertaken.
5.2.1
LOCAL CORPORATOR
There were multiple interactions undertaken with the Corporator to discuss local issues and
developmental works and priorities. The team interacted on September, 2014, November,
2014, December, 2014 and January, 2015. The team assisted and accompanied him in
discussions with MCGM on the development plan of MCGM. He has been assisted in
dealing with and writing letters to MMRDA and GoM on issues such as the BKC connector
and closure of railway crossing which is seen to have adverse impacts in the community.
The Coporator has been cooperative with the group of volunteers to conduct the survey of
the area. He has highlighted certain issues in the community as follows;
a) High slum population and increasing densities in the area with limitation on
upgradation of infrastructure such as water supply and sewerage.
b) Low hygienic conditions due to issues of waste management due to lack of
accessibility to service congested areas and also the lack of awareness and
cooperation of the community.
c) Flooding and sewage overflows from storm water drains are commonly occurring
events due to solid waste dumping and crossing of utilities.
d) Mosquitoes and incidence of malaria due to unhygienic condition, sewage overflow
water stagnation and improper storage of water.
e) Lack of education/literacy in the community due to lack of enough education facilities
and mid day meal facilities for children from the lower strata.
36
f)
High commercial activities with increased number of shops and establishments and
hawkers with no planning and controls are creating congestion and mismanagement
of traffic and parking problems. Also the street faade is cluttered due to lack of
consistency of signage and boards of shop fronts.
g) There are further improvements required in existing open space conditions as also
additional recreational spaces are required for the community.
h) There is a strong sense of community and belongingness in the neighbourhood
i) The development proposals such as the BKC connector are threatening the
environmental condition of the area creating possibility of noise pollution, flooding, air
pollution and nuisance for the community. Nonetheless the railway overbridge which
is now a part of the project is a need for the community since the chunnabhatti
phatak is one of the only operational railway crossing existing in Mumbai.
5.2.2
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI
There were multiple meetings with people from various departments in MCGM like
Sewerage, water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, health, etc. so as to procure
information and understand infrastructure and social development issues in the
neighbourhood. Following people from MCGM were met; Mr.Anis Khan, Mr.Sandesh Matkar,
Mr.Sonawne, Mr.Saudagar, Mr.Kolte, Mr.Phunde and Mr.Katkade.
5.2.3
MMRDA
Interactions with MMRDAs Engineering Division revealed that a BKC connector has been
proposed and approved to connect BKC with Eastern Express Highway and the same is
being built via Chunnabhatti. Although the connection is much needed, but it will only
encourage private transport. The stretch connecting these area passes through two railway
lines i.e. harbor and central line and two stations namely; Chunnabhatti and Sion. These are
opportunities for connecting BKC via direct public transport and acting as an alternate to
Kurla station. This can be done by integrating and developing SATIS (Station Area Traffic
Improvement Scheme) projects for the two stations integrating the BKC Connector. But,
talking to MMRDA officials and sending letters has not led to any positive action. To get
details of the project an RTI was filed which helped get the detailed project report and
Environmental Impact Assessment.
37
6 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The section will detail out the situational analysis in the following areas;
Land and Building Use
Public Spaces - Recreational/Open Spaces
Social Amenities
Social Nodes
Transportation and commuting
Informal Economy: Hawkers and Street Vendors
Shops and Establishments
Environment
Corporator Funding and Expenditure
The analysis is based on observations on the site, consultations with experts and
stakeholders and surveys.
38
6.1 Land and Building Use

A thorough land use survey was conducted in the project area to capture the land and
building use. The methodology for the same is explained in the earlier chapters. Given below
are the broad categories and their predominant characteristics
LAND USE
Residential
PREDOMINANT CHARACTERISTICS
Commercial
It includes all plots used purely for commercial purpose. It includes

commercial complexes, small shops and office buildings
Industrial
Being home to the once flourishing Swadeshi Mills, the project area has a
large area under industrial use. These industries are now defunct and in
dilapidated condition. Some plots have undergone redevelopment under
the Maharashtra Government Model of Industrial plot redevelopment,
however few plots still remain under litigation. Through discussion with the
locals and Corporator, it is understood that these plots will also undergo
redevelopment in the near future and thus open up large tracts land for real
estate development. The project will undergo a huge transformation in this
process with various high end properties being developed.
It encompasses all plots used purely for residential purpose. It accounts or

residential apartments, bungalows and chawls. Since slums have an
entirely different characteristic, they have not been included in residential
use but have been captured as a separate use.
The Maharashtra Government Model of Industrial plot redevelopment,

basically helps in opening up locked defunct industrial properties in the city
for development. Mumbai was once a flourishing industrial town with large
number of cotton mills. In the 1980's when the industries started shutting
down, they went into litigation with the workers and thus these land were
sealed. Now in an effort to open these land for development the state has
devised a model wherein the land is subdivided into three parts. One is to
be handed over to MHADA who develop it as a residential facility for the
mill workers and slum population. Second has to be developed as public
utility and handed over to the municipal corporation. This usually
developed as an open space or ground. The third part the mill owner can
sell off in the open market and high end commercial or residential building.
This model ensure development of standard residential facility for the lower
income as well as creates pockets of high end real estate as well as
secure land for the government through open spaces and public utilities.
Mixed use
This includes all plots which are used for multiple purposes. For example
residential and commercial development together.
Open space
This includes open space like parks, play grounds and vacant spaces.
39
Slum
Slums include a contiguous settlement where the inhabitants are

characterized as having inadequate housing and basic services. It is often
not recognized and addresses by the public authorities as an integral part
of the city. Slum households are often characterised as having insecure
residential status, inadequate access to safe water and sanitation, poor
structural quality and overcrowding.
Amenities
These include public amenities like schools, hospitals, gyms, police

chowky, social nodes etc
Utilities
These include services like pumping stations, toilets, electric sub stations.
To further refine the understanding of the urban character and development pattern, a
complete survey was carried out to capture the building usage. This was again done at two
levels.
MAIN CATEGORY
Residential
SUB
CATEGORY
Apartments
Bungalows
Chawls
Industrial
Industries
Commercial
Commercial
Complex
Retail Stores
Markets
PREDOMINANT CHARACTERISTICS
An apartment, colloquially speaking, is a self
contained housing or dwelling unit that occupies
part of a building.
A bungalow is a type of building, originally from
India, but now found throughout the world. Across
the world, the meaning of the word bungalow
varies. Common features of many bungalows
include verandas and being low-rise
Chawls have traditionally been residential
tenements constructed by factory owners and land
owners for low income group workers between
1920-1956. They are characterised by typical one
room tenements with a small cooking space and
shared common sanitation facilities. Originally
meant for only male migrant workers, these were
later proliferated by families subsequently
increasing densities.
As defined above
Is an entire multistory building which houses only
commercial establishments like shops and offices.
As seen in the project area, retail stores are small
shops constructed independently entirely used for
commercial purpose.
Markets as seen in the project area are
designated street vending areas, very similar to
40
hawker zones. In the project there is one fish

market.
Mixed use
Amenities
Residential +
Commercial
Hospital
School
Police
Chowky/Station
Post Office
Gym
Community Hall
Religious
Slums
Slum
Utilities
Sub Station
Pumping Station
Toilet
BMC Office
As defined above
All medical facilities like hospitals, clinics etc
All educational institutes
All police stations and chowky. Chowky is a patrol
station.
Postal service office
All health clubs and gyms
Includes small mandals, hall, built spaces used for
community functions. Mandals are youth clubs.
Includes all Temples, Mosques, Churches, Budh
Viharas, Dargahs etc.
As defined above
Electric sub-station setup as part of the power
supply grid
Set up for water supply or storm water draining
All public toilets
All administrative offices
41
LAND USE MAP
42
BUILDING USE MAP
43
- Sub Category
44
45
46
6.2 Public Spaces - Recreational/Open Spaces

In the project, the open spaces were captured through land use survey and mapped. Its
qualitative aspects were gauged through surveys, picture and sketches As per the DP (see
images below), a large portion of the project area on the west is a designated open space,
however over the years this space has been encroached and is thus not considered in the
inventory below.
NAME
Shivaji
Maidan
USE
Open
play
ground
Manorajan Enclosed
Udyan
park
EXISTING SITUATION
An actively used open ground by all the residents. Activities
keep changing throughout day. In the morning it frequented by
senior citizen for their walk, in the latter half of the day it is used
by the youth a football and cricket ground. By night it becomes a
public meeting space of youth and elderly to sit, chat or walk
Situated in the midst of a densely populated area with average
housing size less than 40 sq meters and family size of more
than 4-5 persons, the park provides the much needed open
space for the community. An array of activities can be seen here
which reflect the lifestyle of the people around it. On can see
youth playing and chatting, the elders catching an afternoon nap
and women using it as a place to socialise as well as do
household activities like cleaning and drying grains.
Situated in the bazaar/market area, this small open space is
mostly used by the street vendors during the day as a respite
from the afternoon heat, when the market is closed. In the
evening it doubles up a children's park since it has a lot play
equipment
This is located within the mill workers settlement close to TATA
nagar. Though not developed the area is being used by the
residents as open space like a small shed (temporary) that has
been built to act as newspaper stand and meeting point. One of
the local mandal has cleared and levelled certain portion and
created a kabaddi ground. There are few old abandoned
vehicles dumped here and slight encroachments.
BMC
garden
Enclosed
park
Vacant
plot near
TATA
Nagar
Vacant
plot
Vacant
plot
behind
fish
market
Open
space in
Samarth
Nagar
Vacant
plot
Presently lying vacant, this plot is reserved as an recreational

space in Development Plan. Recently informal market
development has been noticed on this plot.
Vacant
plot
In the course of development, this open space has become part

of a residential society. However, the ownership still lies with the
Local Body. Presently it is vacant.
47
MANORANJAN UDYAN
VACANT PLOT NEAR TATA NAGAR
48
BMC GARDEN
49
GREEN COVER MAP
50
ACCESS
USERS
WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY
PURPOSE
HIGHLIGHTS
Situated in a densely populated area with average
housing size less than 40 sq meters and family size
of more than 4-5 persons, the park provides the
much needed open space for the community
An ideal example of a neighborhood where residents
can easily walk up-to the nearest open and green
space
None of the gardens charge entry fees thus making
them accessible for all
ISSUES
Nearly 64% of the respondents have suggested there need to better maintenance of the
open spaces.
Dustbins need to be placed and maintained across the park
Some also suggested that security is an issues at time specially during afternoons and
late evenings.
There are no public toilets and drinking water facilities inside the garden. There are pay
and use toilet blocks in the garden areas but they are not cleaned regularly.
Insufficient lighting facility in the park area
Play equipments are old and need replacement
51
COMMUNITY'S SUGGESTIONS
Presently though there are 5 designated open spaces, only 3 are being actively used.
The residents have also suggested the need for more open spaces.
Residents have also suggested planting more trees in the vicinity.
Installing lights, toilets and drinking water facilities in the parks
Respondents have also shown interest in urban farming
They have further suggested that the garden need to be upgraded to encompass more
activities. They have suggested creating platforms/stages for street plays, camps for
children, dog parks, creating shaded areas within the parks etc
52
6.3 Social Amenities

To make a neighbourhood functional and livable availability of social amenities which
ensures equal accessibility for one and all is very important.
SCHOOLS
EXISTING SITUATION
Swadeshi Mill BMC Marathi

School
It is one of the oldest schools in Chunabhatti were the

medium of education is Marathi and is supported by
BMC.
Khajuri-bhatti Municipal
Marathi School
It is near Muktadevi Udayn. It is a municipal school and

medium of education is Marathi.
Swadeshi Marathi School
It is a co-educational Marathi school founded in 1920.
Vivek English School
It is an English medium school run by private body in a

four storied building. It fulfills the crucial gap of an
English medium school in Qureshi Nagar.
Qureshi Nagar Municipal

Urdu School
Qureshi Nagar Urdu school is run by BMC and students

from the nearby Muslim dominated neighborhood attend
it.
Vidyavikas High School
It is one of the prominent English medium educational

institute in the project area
Chunnabhatti Municipal
Marathi School
This school is run by BMC and mostly students from the

nearby slums attend this school
Private School
OTHER SOCIAL AMENITIES
There are two other private schools in Chunabhatti

EXISTING SITUATION
Hindu Crematorium
It is the only crematorium for Hindus in Chunabhatti.
BMC Hospital
The municipal hospital is a double storied building in Tata

Nagar.
Police station/ Police Chowky
There is one police station on V.N.Purva marg. There is

one police chowky next to the post-office near Shivaji
park and another police-chowky is in Tata Nagar
Post Office
Chunabhatti post office is near Shivaji Maidan
53
SCHOOLS
HOSPITAL
CREMATORIUM
POST OFFICE
POLICE STATION
54
SOCIAL AMENITIES MAP
55
HIGHLIGHTS
Services and Amenities are available within a walk able distance in the neighborhood
It has both Municipal and private schools whose medium of education is Marathi, English
and Urdu
There is a Municipal hospital and few private doctors
There is one Police station and two beat stations in the neighbourhood
Schools can be an important participant in neighborhood development activities.

Young school children can act as agents of change for cleanliness drive, green initiatives
and other socio-cultural programs.
56
6.4 Social Nodes

Every neighborhood is recognized by its cultural nodes, activities and the vibrant life built
around it. Chunabhatti has one of the oldest mills in i.e. Swadeshi Mill. The community has
always been living together in the housing societies of these mills which have fostered a
sense of community and togetherness for years. There are several Mandals, Vachnalays
(newspaper reading centers) and Gymkhanas (Clubs and gymnasium). During the Ganpati
festival Mandals are active centers of activities and programs. Each Mandal has its own
celebration of Ganpati festivals followed by various cultural programs performed by the local
children and youth.
The Vachnalayas or newspaper reading center is a unique community tradition being
followed in Mumbai for several years. It is found at all the main junctions and public spaces
which provides a public space for people to read, discuss and exchange ideas about local
and national news. It is also a point of information sharing about government programs and
new schemes.
57
VACHNALAYA
MANDALS
TEMPLES
58
SOCIAL NODES MAP
59
60
HIGHLIGHTS
It fulfills the ideal condition of a compact urban form with a mixed income walk able
neighborhood
Presence of public spaces for discussion and information sharing. i.e. newspaper reading
stand or Vachnayla
Willingness of the people to be part of development work
Need to build a vibrant street life, both economically and socially engaging
Use the platform of Mandals for further public participation
61
6.5 Transportation and commuting

The project area is suburb of Mumbai, located close to the Eastern Express Highway. It is
served by Chunabhatti railway station on the Harbour Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway.
Within the project area, most of the facilities are at walking distance. For local commuters
auto rickshaws and bus is also a viable option. Given below is the summary of the various
modes of transport.
MODE OF TRANSPORT
EXISTING SITUATION
Railway (local trains)
The nearest railway station in the project area is Chunabhatti

on the harbour line, which connects it to Panvel on the east,
CST in its south and Andheri on the western line on the
northern side of the city. Trains are available every 10m
connecting to the nearest transit routes of Kurla and Wadala.
Railway (for outstation

travel)
For outstation travel the nearest railway station is the Tilak

Terminus at Kurla. Other than that Dadar railway station is
also a major station and can be easily accessed by road.
Bus service
There is a bus depot near the railway station and two bus
stops on V N Puran Marg connecting the area to Sion, Kurla
and Bandra.
Taxis
There is one taxi stand near the station.
Auto rickshaws
There are mainly two auto stands in the project area. One
near the station and Shivaji Udyan area, where in autos are
parked mostly for the railway commuters. The second one is
in Qureshi Nagar
Proposed new Rail Over

Bridge
As per the Draft DP 2015, there is a new rail over bridge

proposed near the railway crossing. This is a long ending
project and will ease some the traffic issues n the area.
Presently due to the railway signal traffic gets stalled for
nearly 15-20 minutes cause huge pile up. This condition shall
ease after the project is implemented
62
RAILWAY STATION
63
TRANSPORTATION MAP
64
ISSUES
TIME AND MONEY
PREFERED MODE
WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY
HIGHLIGHTS
Walk able distance from home to office and market is the biggest selling point for a given
neighborhood. Chunabhatti came up as a neighborhood in keeping with this idea.
The travel time often is less than the waiting time for the desired mode of transport.
ISSUES
Chain snatching of pedestrians during early morning hours and later in the night is very
common.
Getting auto-rickshaw is difficult, frequency of auto and bus is less, availability of taxi is
also less in Chunabhatti area.
There is no ambulance outside the railway unlike many other railway stations of western
railway.
65
There is no facility near the bus station for throwing garbage.

Cleaning is required outside the station. Railway tracks and roads are often not clean.
Footpath are blocked by hawkers
Fogging should be done regularly at the railway station premises

Footpaths should be cleared for pedestrian use
Increase the fleet size of buses from Sion to Kurla
Frequency of trains should be increased
The railway crossing is a major traffic hurdle and thus an over bridge need to be built
There should be police station near the bus-railway station area.
66
6.6 Informal Economy: Hawkers and Street Vendors

Street Vendors and hawkers are an integral part of the informal economy in urban India. It
provides livelihood opportunities to many with good being available for the buyers in their
neighborhood at a reasonable cost. At the same time street vendors and hawkers make our
streets vibrant and safe.
HAWKERS AND STREET VENDING
67
Waste management
Availability of Utilities
Profiling the hawkers
WHAT THE HAWKERS SAY
HIGHLIGHTS
Many hawkers are those who were earlier employed in the Mills and are from the
neighborhood itself.
Only 10% of the hawkers come from areas like Sion and Panvel.
The usual hawking hours are from morning 6 am to afternoon and again in the evening
hours right up till 9 pm.
They agreed to pay for services if it is provided to them in an organized manner.
ISSUES
Identification of vending and no-vending zone so as to bring in clarity even for the
68
vendors who are frequently caught for breaking the rules.

There is no toilet facility, source of electricity or storage space for the hawkers and
vendors.
The hawkers face frequent eviction and harassment because they dont have license and
I-card.
Dustbins: should be provided at the vending zone for collection of waste

Sanitation: Cleanliness of vending Zone and provide toilet blocks with drinking water
facility
CFL bulb should be used in keeping with green emission principles
No permanent structure should be allowed and only usage of bamboo and plastic sheets
to be permitted.
The municipal authorities should regularize the vending zones and stop regular eviction
of hawkers.
Marking the vending zones near residential areas helps in reducing the commuters
carbon foot prints.
Provide identity card to all the hawkers in the neighborhood
69
6.7 Shops and Establishments

The formal shops are mainly situated on the V N Puran Marg. The type of shops range from
grocery, departmental stores, hardware stores, cloth and garment stores, tailors, parlours,
milk booths, bakeries, repair shop etc. The entire stretch on either sides on the V N Puran
Marg from the station till the BMC hospital are lined with such stores/shops.
These shops have legal electric connections but have to depend on their own resources for
amenities like water, toilets, waste disposal etc. This was also reflected in the survey as
explained below.
SHOPS AND ESTABLISHMENTS
70
Waste Management
Availability of Utilities
Profiling the Shopkeepers
Shops and Establishments
HIGHLIGHTS
The V.N.PuranMarg is the central artery in Chunabhatti along which most shops are to
be found.
The shopkeepers are knee to contribute both money and time if any development work is
undertaken in the neighborhood.
ISSUES
Lack of any municipal market complex which has been their demand from long yet to be
fulfilled.
Negligible presence of basic services for the shopkeepers by the municipality
71
The municipal market should be built on priority with toilet, drinking water and rest room
facilities.
The shopkeepers are willful participant of any development work in the locality. Their
monetary strength should be particularly used by for local development work.
72
6.8 Sewerage and Sanitation

Sanitation is defined as safe management of human excreta, including its safe confinement
treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. (National Urban Sanitation
Policy). The main issue to be addressed is access and equity which needs to be maintained
across the different socio-economic group of population. The sanitary facility can be divided
into two sections.
Public Toilets which are pay and use facility. They are provided at the railway station,
Manoranjan Uday-Park and Shivaji Park. The toilet block at the railway station is poorly
maintained and commuters complain of it being often dirty and beyond usage for them. Due
to lack of cleanliness it leads to stench and mosquitoes. The number of toilet block is less
and complained of toilet units not being available if one wishes to use it. Those functional are
dirty and not fit to usage was the complaint and waiting time is longer for the passengers
who are in a hurry. Thus to improve the condition the surveyed commuters suggested
increasing the number of toilet blocks. There should be daily cleaning ventilation should be
improved. There is no public toilet inside the garden. There is one pay and use toilet block
in-front of the garden but is hardly cleaned and needs regular upkeep and maintenance. For
daily users of park a well maintained toilet block is essential necessity.
Community toilet blocks are available in slums and chawl's. while those which are in Chawl's
are comparatively better maintained because the number of users are not more than eight to
ten families. The toilet blocks in slum pockets are in worse condition because the number of
users are more and up-keep is extremely poor. The toilet blocks are often choked and lack
of regular water supply makes its cleaning difficult. They have separate toilet seats for men
and women users. But they being common toilets are fraught with various problems of
maintenance and cleanliness. Often the toilet is choked and is over flowing because women
throw their sanitary napkins hence choking the sewerage lines. There have been complains
of sewerage lines bursting of because the pipes are old and rusted. But most importantly the
availability of the toilet blocks is not in proportion to the population it is covering, leading to
long waiting lines and poor maintenance.
73
PUBLIC TOILTES
SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND DRAINAGE
74
SEWERAGE AND SANITATION MAP
75
HIGHLIGHTS
The number of toilet blocks are inadequate, particularly for the women.
Open defecation is common among men and children.
Inadequate water supply makes the toilet unhygienic.
ISSUES
The public toilets are not clean and lack in basic amenities. There is no facility for the
disposal of the sewage and liquid waste from the toilets which is further discharged into
storm water drains.
There are no community toilets for the hawkers and shopkeepers in the neighborhood.
The toilets often over flow due to choked sewerage lines.
Community participation is the most efficient way to maintain the infrastructure

To maintain access and equity more toilet blocks and more number of toilet seats need
to be constructed in proportion to the existing population in slums.
Continuous supply of water should be ensured.
Separate toilet block should be constructed for hawkers and shopkeepers in the market
area.
76
6.9 Solid Waste Management Chain

Any material that is discarded, useless or unwanted is considered as waste. Waste
management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of
waste materials.
To understand the aspect of solid waste management, the agents/actors/stakeholders of the
entire process were interviewed through a set of questionnaires. Given below are the details.
Agents
Role in the
process
Description
Residents/shopkeepers/hawkers
Waste
generators
These basically include all residents and commercial

establishments in the area. They were interviewed to
understand their waster generation patterns and
disposal techniques. It was learnt through interviews
that segregation at source is very rare in the project
area.
Jhaduwalas
Waste
collectors/
segregators
These are people involved in door to door collection of

waste, be it privately hired waste collectors or people
appointed by the local authorities. Their role is to
collect the waste and dispose it at waste collection bins
placed throughout the project area. It was learnt
through discussion that these also act as segregators.
They segregate the bio-degradable and non-bio
degradable waste. The non-biodegradable waste is
then sold to the kabadiwalas by them. It serves as an
additional income for them but in the process they
serve an important role in the process of SWM.
Rag pickers
Segregators
Rag pickers are people who make a living by

rummaging through refuse in the streets to collect
material for salvage. The rag-pickers do not recycle the
materials themselves; but sell it generally by weight to
kabadiwalas. They perform the duty of second
screening the waste to further segregate the
degradable and non-degradable waste from the waste
bins placed throughout the project area or also from
areas where waste is indiscriminately dumped.
BMC Waste
Collectors
Segregators
and
transporters
These are people appointed by the local authority to

collect waste from the bins and transport it to the
dumping grounds. Since waste has already undergone
multiple levels of screening, this is mostly degradable
waste.
Kabadiwalas
Waste
These serve the purpose of collectors of non77
Electronic
repairers, Tailors,
Cobblers
managers
degradable waste. These are usually small shops

wherein once can sell old newspapers, plastic,
cardboard, metal, glass or thermacol. They further
segregate the waste material wise and sell it to scrap
dealers.
Recyclists
Usually in SWM we discuss the 3R's i.e. reduce, reuse

and recycle. To further deepen the understanding of
the of the entire process we are discussing the 4th R
i.e. Repair. It has been widely observed that there is
huge market for repaired good and the repairmen
serve as agents of waste management in the process.
These include people who refurbish electronic goods
and resell them, tailors who alter clothes to be reused
and cobblers who mend shoes for reuse. These were
also studied in the project area.
RAG PICKERS
INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING
78
KABADIWALAS
ELECTRIC REPAIRMAN & TAILOR
COBBLER
79
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGERS
80
81
SHOP OWNERS
HAWKERS
RAG PICKERS JHADUWALAS
COMMUTERS
RESIDENTS
WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY
82
ISSUES
Minimal waste segragation at the source
Indiscrimate dumping seen in the project area
Health issues among rag pickers and municiapl workers dealing with SWM.
Dustbins need to be placed and maintained
At the neighborhood level segregation of waste can be done by placing green bag for
collecting organic and bio-degradable wastes, black bag for recyclable or non-biogradable wastes and red bag for domestic hazardous wastes.
Resident Welfare associations facilitate collaborations with various stakeholders in the
chain of waste collections namely waste-managers and Kabadiwalas.
BMC on trial basis can install small capacity bio-methaniation plants to reduce the
amount of waste which goes to dumping ground. It has also been using composting
system in its municipal gardens.
GIS location & co-ordinates of bins and dumping sites and GPS enabled vehicles
Analyze the bin pick up status such as bins picked up/served on not picked up/served in
real time
Ensure citizens participation in governance who monitor the performance level of each
waste collecting vehicle
Citizens participation to see that waste is not littered around the bin
Controlling the foul smell emanating from the bins and checking the menace of stray
animals.
Encourage RWA to engage in composting in their local area
83
6.11 Environment
Carbon footprint is the amount of Green House Gases (GHG) emitted by an individual or an
organisation. GHG emissions from activities pertaining to the day to day personal life of an
individual such as electricity use, transportation, cooking and waste generation has been
considered while calculating the carbon footprint for the neighbourhood of Chunabhatti.1.4
tons of CO2 equivalent per year is the National Average Carbon Footprint of India. A
detailed household survey of the residents of Chunabhatti was done. Given below is a
summary of what the people had to say.
POWER SUPPLY
TYPOLOGY
WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY
84
SHOPS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
HAWKERS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
DOMESTIC -WASTE
MANAGEMENT
COMMUTING
85
FUEL USED
SANITATION
WASTE TREATMENT
ISSUES
Chunabhatti has a mix of slums, apartments, mill housing and chawls. It has been
observed through the surveys conducted that people residing in the apartments have a
higher carbon footprint.
Segregation of waste at source is not practiced by the residents.
There are not enough dustbins in the public spaces such as parks and bus stops
resulting in the waste being strewn on the roads. This results in choking of the sewer and
drainage lines.
Burning of waste by the rag pickers is also a common sight in the area.
Basic infrastructure facilities such as drainage lines have not been provided to the
Qureshi Nagar slum dwellers.
86
Chunabhatti and Sion railway stations are within close proximity to the neighborhood.
However there is poor frequency of autos and buses within the neighborhood making this
place secluded, especially in the night. This acts as a catalyst to the use of private
vehicles. The residents living in apartments prefer air conditioned cars, taxis and auto
rickshaws which are high carbon transport choices.
LPG has higher carbon emission than Piped Natural Gas (PNG). However LPG is widely
used by the residents as piped gas supply is restricted to the apartments only.
Most households and shops in the neighborhood do not have energy efficient fixtures
such as CFLs, LEDs, BEE star rated appliances and Solar Water Heaters.
Segregation of waste should be done at source. The wet waste collected should be
composted. Majority of the residents indulge in growing plants and nurseries in their
houses. Compost generated from the domestic waste collected can be used as manure
for the plants. Respondents have shown interest in urban farming. Other than in their
own houses, residents have also suggested planting more trees in the surrounding area
and gardens. The compost generated can be used for such activities.
Biogas plant can be set up within the neighborhood. The gas generated can be supplied
to the economy poorer section of the population at cheaper rates.
The waste managers and rag pickers need to be brought into the formal system.
Dustbins need to be placed and maintained at accessible locations to prevent open
dumping of waste. Dry waste such as newspapers, plastics and electronic waste should
not be burnt but given for recycling. Decentralized material recovery centres need to be
developed where such activities can take place.
There is an urgent need to improve the transport connectivity within the neighborhood
especially during the night period. Frequency of buses and auto rickshaws should be
increased for the same. Emphasis should be given on use of public transport such as
trains and buses for long distance commute. Air conditioned taxis and cars have the
maximum carbon footprint as compared to other vehicles of daily commute. Trains have
the minimum emission factor and are the fastest mode of transport.
The practice of car-pooling should be encouraged amongst the residents.
Energy efficient fixtures such as CFLs and BEE star rated appliances should be used for
lighting at homes and commercial areas. Solar water heaters should be used for heating
purposes.
Rain water harvesting at roof tops and at community level should be encouraged. The
water collected can be used for potable and non-potable purposes depending on the
level of filtration.
Decentralized waste water treatment system for both black and grey water can be
provided at community level in accordance with availability of space. As the Qureshi
Nagar Slums have no infrastructure facilities for drainage, such a decentralized system is
essential. Open spaces need to be identified for designing of the same.
Capacity building of the community on issues of local development and use of energy
efficient technologies needs to be undertaken. To encourage neighborhood participation
the schools, institutions and 'Residents Welfare Association' can also be approached.
Chunabhatti has very active social groups comprising of people from varied age groups.
Support of such groups can also be taken for knowledge dissemination.
87
6.12 Snapshots of the Carbon Footprint

6.12.1 METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
Carbon footprint is the amount of Green House Gases (GHG) emitted by an individual or an
organisation. The carbon footprint calculation for Chunabhatti neighborhood had been done
using the Carbon Footprint Calculator designed by Environment Management Centre
(EMC), Mumbaiin collaboration with Mumbai Metropolitan Region Environment
Improvement Society (MMR-EIS).
The Calculator gives calculations based on 10 personal queries. The queries relate to a few
carbon intensive activities pertaining to the day to day personal life of an individual.The
activities which have been considered for the calculations are electricity consumption, mode
of commute, mode of cooking, waste generation and its management. A household survey
of the residents of Chunabhatti was undertaken in which the above mentioned queries were
asked in detail through group discussions and questionnaires. The responses had been fed
into the Calculator and the system generated the Personal Carbon Footprint (CFP) and the
CFP Index (CFPI) of the respective households.
Personal Carbon Footprint (CFP) considers the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from
the above mentioned activities. The sum of GHG emission from these activities over a year,
measured in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), is the individuals "personal carbon
footprint". The National Average Carbon Footprint of India is 1.4 tons of CO2 equivalents per
year.
CFP Index (CFPI) is calculated considering specific intensity of GHG emissions e.g. per km
of travel, per sq. m. of residential area etc. A low carbon footprint intensity (CFPI) along with
a low personal carbon footprint (CFP) means that you are "climate friendly".
The calculator also proposes specific interventions which indicate how minimal changes in
daily lifestyles can help in reducing the existing carbon footprint being generated. These
interventions are case specific and in accordance to the lifestyle being led by the individual.
Once implemented these interventions can help the families maintain a low carbon lifestyle.
For further details on the Carbon Footprint Calculator one can log into the following web
link: www.mmr-ccrt.org.in
6.12.2 SNAPSHOTS OF FEW CASES
Mr. Haneef Mukadam is a resident of Qureshi Nagar. He does not use any energy
efficient appliances such as CFL or Solar Water Heater. He also does not practice
segregation and composting of waste at home. His Carbon Footprint Calculation and
the interventions proposed by the Calculator are as follows:
88
Ms Aiysha Dinesh Thakur is a resident of Bhagnari Society, Chunabhatti. She uses

energy efficient fixtures such as CFL bulbs. However her electricity usage is high.
She also practices segregation of waste and composting at home. But her transport
choice is very high carbon. She commutes from Chunabhatti (home) to Andheri
(office) regularly in her car. Her Carbon Footprint Calculation and the interventions
proposed by the Calculator are as follows:
Mr. S S Kargutkaris a resident of Hill Road Chunabhatti. He practices segregation of

waste and composting at home. However his transport choice is very high carbon.
He commutes from Chunabhatti (home) to Vashi (office) regularly in his car. His
electricity usage is also very high. His Carbon Footprint Calculation and the
interventions proposed by the Calculator are as follows:
89
Mr. M D Usup resides near Chisty Masjid. He does not use energy any efficient
electricity fixtures. He also does not practice segregation of waste and composting at
home. However he walks from his home to his place of work which is at a distance of
1 km. His Carbon Footprint Calculation and the interventions proposed by the
Calculator are as follows:
Ms.KausarJahan resides in KambliChawl, Qureshi Nagar. She uses energy efficient

fixtures such as CFL bulbs. However she does not practice segregation of waste and
composting at home. Her Carbon Footprint Calculation and the interventions
proposed by the Calculator are as follows:
90
It has been observed as per the calculations of the Crbon Footprint Calculator that the
carbon footprint of the residents living in the slums and chawls in Chunabhatti is lower
compared to the residents living in Societies and Appartments.
It can be sumarised that the residents living in the slums and chawls use public transport
such as trains for daily commute. However they do not seggregate waste at home and
practice composting. Also not many use energy efficient electricity fixtures such as LED and
CFL bulbs. On the other hand the residents living in Housing Socities and Appartments have
access to energy efficient fixtures such as solar water heater, CFL bulbs and LED lights. But
their electricity usage overall is very high. They also practice seggregation of waste and
composting at home. The compost generated is used for gardening purposes. However their
preferred mode of transport is energy extensive. Many residents interviwed prefer using
private vehicles over public transport.
91
6.13 Corporator Funding and Expenditure

Date/
Year Amount (in Nature of work undertaken
(2012-13
Rs)
27.07.2012
217,993.86 R.C.C. Cover in various places in Beat No-164
27.07.2012
299,808.52 Improvement. of Passage /drainage arrangement at Raj

Bhadur Singh Chawl
31.07.2012
299,112.85 Improvement. of Passage/drainage arrangement at Guru

Kurpa Chawl
09.01.2013
68,214.48 Providing kadhappa at various places in beat no-164 kurla
14.01.2013
232,845.84 Improvement. of Passage /drainage system of Rangari

Chawl No-2, Muktadevi Mandir Marg
14.01.2013
344,171.90 Improvement. of Passage and drainage system near

KalakunjChawl, Cemetry Road
14.01.2013
331,331.14 Improvement. of Passage and drainage system of Swadeshi

Chawl
11.03.2013
290,486.30 Improvement. of Passage and drainage system near

Dhanabai Chawl
12.03.2013
252,620.41 Repairs to damaged footpaths and side strips at various plac

es
In the financial year 2012-13 major work was undertaking for improving and repairing the
drainage system in various chawl pockets across Chunabhatti beat-164 locality. The other
work included providing RCC cover and Dhappa at various places. Work worth 252, 620.41/was also undertaken to repair the damaged footpaths and side strips in the area. One can
conclude that most work was infrastructure improvement or repairmen related.
Date/
Year Amount (in Nature of work undertaken
(2013-14)
Rs)
13.05.2013
387,300.00
Improvement of Passage and drainage system at Siddharth
13.05.2013
346,760.53
Improvement of Passage /drainage System near Bholenath

Krida
13.05.2013
178,220.59
Improvement of Passage/drainage system near Takur Niwas
13.05.2013
394,823.27
Repairs to 08 Seated PSC Block and Passage at Chawl
13.05.2013
382,886.69
Improvement of Passage/drainage system at Gaikwad

Chawl
13.05.2013
439,650.80
Improvement of passage at Devdatta Chawl and road side
13.05.2013
146,611.95
Improvement of passage at Yadav Chawl, Patil Lane,

92
23.08.2013
310,717.30
Supply /Installation of Gymnasium Equipments
25.09.2013
451,575.00
Supply of 120 ltr <(>&<)> 240 ltr. Capacity HDPE refuse bins
05.10.2013
277,015.70
Supply/Installation
of
Gymnasium
Chaphealley Seva Mandal
07.10.2013
251,183.26
Supply/Installation of Gymnasium Equipments at Premnagar

Sports club
17.10.2013
177,302.88
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Sarpole
17.10.2013
64,187.50
Providing and Fixing G. I. Doors at various locations
17.10.2013
122,906.97
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System Sakhubai
17.10.2013
206,346.53
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Khanolkar

Chawl, Mukta Devi Road
17.10.2013
145,224.32
Improvement of Passage / Drainage System at Shramik
17.10.2013
180,047.70
Improvement of Passage/ Drainage System at Sawant
17.10.2013
156,109.96
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at at New
17.10.2013
193,489.70
Improvement of Passage / Drainage System at Gurudatta

Society
24.01.2014
343,515.01
Supply/Installation
Pratisthan
30.01.2014
267,868.03
Repairs to 18 seated A.P Block at Cementry road
30.01.2014
116,648.20
Providing Dhapa at various place in beat No-164
30.01.2014
80,142.09
Repairs to A.P Block near Hindu Cementry, Cementry road
30.01.2014
100,742.17
Repairs to A.P Block near Pankha Bldg, Muktadevi road
14.02.2014
459,637.30
Improvement of Passage / Drainage System at Parvati bai

chawl, Hill road
14.02.2014
493,485.44
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Chintamani

chawl, Hill road
14.02.2014
165,446.49
Repairs to Jaganath Carron Club Chunnabhatti Beat No.164
14.02.2014
435,535.01
Improvement of Passage/ Drainage System Near Mahadev

Mandir at Hill road
14.02.2014
296,589.89
Providing / Laying Sewarge line at behind Firdosh hotel S.K.

Ali
14.02.2014
280,785.79
Providing fixing M.S. Black pipe for ladder support at various

places
24.02.2014
215,842.79
Improvement of Passage /
of
Gymnasium
equipments
equipment
at
at
Shiv
93
Drainage System at Sai Rahewashi Sang Chawl

28.02.2014
249,502.27
Supply/Installation of Gymnasium Equipments at Durgamata
03.03.2014
406,999.94
SITC of Highmast Lights at Chatrapati Shivaji Maidan
Unlike the previous year in the 2013-14 financial years the number of work undertaken
through the corporator fund was much more. A large portion of work was again for providing
and improving the drainage and passage layouts in the Chawls. Most of these habitations
are several years old and need regular upkeep and repairmen, thus forming one of the main
components of corporator financial expenditure. Apart from it under social component
gymnasium equipments have been installed in various clubs in the locality. A highmast light
has also been installed at the ShivajiMaidan for better illumination in the large ground for
public safety.
Date/ Year
Amount (in Nature of work undertaken

Rs)
08.8.2014
453,191.56
Repairs to 02 seated PSC Block <(>&<)> Pathway at Jariwal

a Chawl No-75
20.08.2014
411,500.81
Repairs to 01 Seated PSC block Pathways at Daruwala

Chawl Swadeshi Mill
20.08.2014
211,090.59
Re.const. Of Cross Culvert at Nagoba Chowk, Nagoba road

in Chunabhatti
20.08.2014
458,547.57
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System Rangari Chawl
20.08.2014
270,342.51
Suppy of RCC Dhapa in beat no 164 Kurla L Ward
21.08.2014
491,369.02
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Gavkari

Mandal
22.08.2014
449,727.40
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Bandiya Bapu

Chawl
22.08.2014
225,095.98
Improvement of Passage/Drainage System at Rangani

Chawl No-06 ,
21.01.2015
44,594.41
21.01.2015
252,819.31
Repairs to Balwadi at Shivaji Garden, V.N Purav Marg
21.01.2015
221,390.36
P/F G.I Door at Various Place in beat no- 164
10.02.2015
488,106.64
Supply/Installation of Gym Equipments at Rameshwar Mitra
20.02.2015
356,873.02
P/L Sewreg. line /Const. Of Chamber at 40 seated W.C

Block at Nagoba Road
20.02.2015
427,529.75
Improvement of Passage/ Drainage system

Co.Op. Hsg. At Panchil Nagar cemetery
Const. of C.C Platform near Sanjay Hair Cutting Saloon,

Khajuri
at
Ganesh
94
20.02.2015
201,644.34
Improvement of Passage system at Sunder Seth Chawl No2, Dhobi Ghat, Mukta Devi Road
26.02.2015
430,039.74
Improvement of Passage system at Neesarg Rahivashi Sev

a Sangh, Hill
26.02.2015
324,252.39
Improvement of Passage Drainage system at Rangani Chaw

l No- 04-5 , Muktadevi Marg
11.9.2015
176,922.00 40 ltr HDPE refuse bins for the electoral ward-164 through
councilor fund
9.10.2015
178,002.78 Improvement of Passage/Drainage System

Niwad, S.M road
near
Aaru
In the financial year 2014-15 work was undertaken to repair toilet blocks in Chawl areas. A
major reconstruction of the culvert near NagobaChowk was also done in the current financial
year to avoid flooding during the rainy season. Some of the community level work included
repair of Balwadi at Shivaji Garden locality, installation of gymnasium equipments at
RameshawarMitra for community use. Specail emphasis is being paid frm last two years to
provide sufficient number of dustbins in all the residential areas and public spaces and
HDPE refuse bins are being regularly purchased to take care of this need.
95
6.14 SWOT
Social
Strength
Weakness
Opportunities
Threat
Has one of the oldest mill

in Mumbai i.e. Swadeshi
Mill.
The public spaces like

Vachnayla and gymkhana
lacks proper maintenance
Public spaces for

discussion and information
sharing. i.e. newspaper
reading stand or
Vachnayla and gymkhana
Lack of community
interaction activities
particularly among the
high rise apartments and
chawls
Vachnalya and gymkhana

centers can be used
effectively for community
activities
Corruption of the
implementing official has
been cited as a major
problem by the citizens
Neighborhood
associations should be
brought together on a
common platform to
develop an unique identity
of Chunabhatti
Difference in the
community on various
issues particularly those
who live in high-rise
apartments and those
living in Chawl.
Presence of several
neighborhoods
associations, Mandals,
and clubs which is very
active during the religious
festivals
It has high-rise
apartments, oldchawls of
mill workers and slum
pockets.
Physical
Small and compact

neighborhood
Geographically undulating
surface with some hilly
areas
Poor maintenance of water Willingness of the

supply and drainage.
community to be part of
development work
The mill land remains
unused
Willingness to even
support financially by
Cleanliness and collection
many in the community
Illegal occupation of hill

areas which causes
frequent landslide during
the rainy season and is a
major safety issue.
Slow bureaucracy in
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Mixed land-use of
residential and commercial
types
Transportation
Commuting to Kurla or
Sion is difficult
Bus and train services are

easily and frequently
available.
Poor road conditions and

railway infrastructure
Good tree density

A strong chain of waste
management consisting of
rag-pickers, Jhaduwalas,
Kabadiwalas and waste
managers
effective implementation of
sanctioned projects and
programs
Increasing slum population

and subsequent density is
putting pressure on the
existing infrastructure.
Most services are in walk

able distance
Proposed Bandra-KurlaComplex and Eastern

Express Highway
connector will improve
connectivity for the
neighborhood
Environment
of waste is poor
particularly in chawls
Low acceptability of the

BKC-Eastern expressway
connector in the local
community s
Possibility of developing
cycling track in the
neighborhood
Connector will increase
traffic flow and bring in
more business
opportunities
Unresponsive
administration in improving
the infrastructure
conditions
Apprehension about
increasing noise and air
pollution with the coming
up of the connector.
The proposed connector
will be built at the expense
of displacement of some
commercial
establishments
Informal cycle of waste

management with no
social security
Open dumping of garbage
Flooding and choking of
sewage lines during rainy
season
long stretch of streets lined Lack of community

with trees can be improved participation
to give it a boulevard look
Lack of awareness among
Waste can be segregated
the community to
and commercial chain of
environmental issue and
waste management can
concept of carbon foot
be established
print
97
overcrowding on the
existing facilities like toilets
and water supply in
Chawls
Open Spaces
Three big along gardens

with several green patches
in the neighborhood
Regularly used by various
age groups
Commercial
Lack of infrastructure and

utilities in the playgrounds
Safety and security of
elderly and women is an
issue
90% of the population

walks to the parks and
maidans
Lack of financial support
Both retail shops and

informal markets are found
along the streets.
Redevelopment of Mill
lands will create more
commercial spaces
Lack of infrastructure for
commercial
establishments and
hawkers
Construction work is
decreasing the green
cover
More open spaces can be

opened up after
redevelopment
Poor participation by the

community in undertaking
community activities
Potential to develop an
energetic and vibrant
neighborhood common
property
Opportunity to develop a
municipal market block
Willingness among the
commercial establishment
to participate for improving
their conditions
Lack of unity among the

shopkeepers and informal
vendors
Sidelining of smaller
establishment with
increasing
commercialization
98
7 PROJECT AND PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS

The overall goal of the project is to propagate the idea of creating neighbourhood level plans
which will work towards creating environmentally sustainable and livable areas. The citizens
of the neighbourhood along with the local Corporator will work towards reducing their carbon
footprint and thus creating an environment which is conducive to growth and at the same
time respects the role of individuals and community in the development of the
neighbourhood.
Listed below are some projects and program interventions which have been chalked with the
local Corporator (local representative of the citizens) and through discussions and surveys of
the various stakeholders in the neighbourhood. Various methods of implementation and
funding have been suggested in few instances. These are preliminary calculations and will
have to be worked out in detail as and when projects are being phased out for
implementation.
7.1 Greening and redesigning of open spaces

EXISTING POLICY ON OPEN SPACES
The model Municipal law 2003 gives due emphasis on promotion of urban forestry,
parks, street-side gardens and local participation in the upkeep and maintenance of the
open spaces.
The policy aims at creating a sense of ownership of the open space among the residents.
It encourages creation of nurseries and organizing flower shows, plantation drives and
adopt a tree program.
The policy states that, the neighborhood association can develop programs to encourage
participation of youths and school going children in building the local flora and fauna.
PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS
Urban Farming
Through surveys and discussions, it is clear that residents would participate in urban
farming. However, to encourage such activities, they first have to be showcased. Thus the
project envisages partnership with local NGOs to conduct workshops on urban farming.
Urban faming can be done at two levels; one at the household level where individual
segregate waste and use it as manure for home/balcony/window gardens. Second, at the
community level, where self help groups can be formed to create and manage small urban
farms. The produce from these farms can be sold in the market thus creating an alternate
source of income for the group members.
To encourage neighbourhood participation, schools and institutes can also be involved in the
activity.
Few NGOs which work in this field are listed below:
Urban Leave (http://www.urbanleaves.org/)
iKheti (http://www.ikheti.co.in/)
Earthoholics (http://www.earthoholics.com/)
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CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1: URBAN FARMING- NANA NANI PARK, OPPOSITE WILSON
COLLEGE, CHOWPATTY
Started in 28th Nov 2010, Nana Nani Park is the second Community Urban Farm initiated in
Mumbai city by the Urban Leaves Volunteers. The first being at Maharashtra Nature Park.
The project at the Nana Nani Park funded by the Nana Nani Foundation is aimed at
providing a green activity of composting organic waste, growing herbal, medicinal plants and
veggies. This activity is mainly for the senior citizen members of the park.
Based on the case studies, exisitng policies and through discussion, primarily four open
spaces have been shortlisted for design intervention.
7.1.1
SHIVAJI MAIDAN
An actively used open ground by all the residents. Activities keep changing throughout day.
In the morning it frequented by senior citizen for their walk, in the latter half of the day it is
used by the youth as a football and cricket ground. By night it becomes a public meeting
space of youth and elderly to sit, chat or walk.
Through discussions with the stakeholder certain issues pertaining to the open spaces were
also highlighted. Given below are a few:
Since the garden is used for playing (cricket and football) as well as by citizens for
walking and jogging, there have been few instances where in people were hurt by the
ball.
In the evening safety is a major concern in the maidan
There have been cases of vandalism of light poles and other equipment in the
maidan
In the above discussion it was understood that the main issue is that the maidan is visually
opaque and this leads to safety and vandalism issues. Thus, keeping in mind the multifaceted use of the space and issue faced by the citizens, it is advisable to do certain small
interventions.
7.1.1.1 Erecting safety nets between the play ground and joggers track
This is a simple action need to be taken. Erecting safety nets along the edge of the play
ground would ensure safety of the joggers. This could be as simple as nets erected for
cricket net practice.
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7.1.1.2 Edge design of the maidan

The main reason for safety issues and vandalism in the park is that the park is visually
opaque to the passerby. The park is located in the most busy area of the neighbourhood i.e.
near the railway station, taxi & auto stand and the market. However, since the edge of the
maidan is such that one cannot easily see the activities happening inside it. Thus a small
intervention like designing the edge of the park can resolve the issue.
Designing a park for safety is based on what is generally considered to be good design: it
meets the needs of its users; it is diverse and interesting; it connects people with place; and
it provides people with a positive image and experience. While good design will not
necessarily eliminate perceptions of fear or opportunities for crime to occur, it can create the
preconditions for effective control. The essence of the eyes on the street approach to
planning and design is to increase the opportunities for informal surveillance and reduce the
number of isolated places where crime can take place unseen.
Visibility is an important factor in enhancing park users feelings of comfort and security.
Perceptions of safety increase markedly if people can see ahead and around them, and if
other people are visible. Clear sightlines allows park users to ability to verify the presence of
persons which they might find threatening. The ability to see into and out of an area is
referred to as visual permeability. The presence of shrubbery, fences, walls, sharp corners,
storage sheds or buildings can hinder visibility and thus reduce perceived and actual safety.
Small neighbourhood and downtown parks usually feel more comfortable if a considerable
degree of openness is provided.
Regardless of park size, safety begins at the perimeter. If the perimeter is inviting and
people can observe pleasing activity from the street, they are more inclined to enter a park
(Whyte, 1981). An active and visible edge will encourage use and create a perimeter of
surveillance for the park. An active edge can also increase park accessibility to user groups
who may feel more vulnerable in the park interior and who are of lower mobility, such as
women, children, older adults and people with disabilities
Thus the following points need to be considered while redesigning the maidan edge:
Edges of the park should be open enough so that passersby can see into the park
and park users can see out
Nighttime activity nodes should be located so as to take advantage of existing street
lighting
Activity areas such as playing fields, tennis courts, playgrounds should be so located
that there are clear sightlines between areas to encourage surveillance
Solid walls, tool sheds or plantings that reduce visibility should be avoided along
primary routes
Seating areas along the edge should be such that they offer view on the inside and
outside of the park
Below Are few suggestive images:
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102
7.1.2
OPEN PLOT AT TATA NAGAR
This is located within the mill workers settlement close to TATA nagar. Though not
developed the area is being used by the residents as open space like a small shed
(temporary) that has been built to act as newspaper stand and meeting point. One of the
local mandal has cleared and leveled certain portion and created a kabaddi ground. There
are few old abandoned vehicles dumped here and slight encroachments
Through consultations with an expert a design option has been created for the plot. Below
are the before and after images.
Existing Condition of vacant plot near TATA Nagar
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104
7.1.3
MANORANJAN UDYAN
Situated in the midst of a densely populated area with average housing size less than 40 sq
meters and family size of more than 4-5 persons, the park provides the much needed open
space for the community. An array of activities can be seen here which reflect the lifestyle of
the people around it. On can see youth playing and chatting, the elders catching an
afternoon nap and women using it as a place to socialise as well as do household activities
like cleaning and drying grains.
Existing Condition of Manoranjan Udyan
Two design options have been made for Manoranjan Udyan.
105
106
107
7.1.4
HAWKERS ZONE AT VACANT PLOT BEHIND FISH MARKET
Presently lying vacant, this plot is reserved as an recreational space in Development Plan.
Recently informal market development has been noticed on this plot. In tune with the market
force, we are suggesting converting that plot into a hawkers zone so as to clear the presently
congested roads. In the evening the entire stretch from the railway station till the fish market
is congested due to heavy traffic and encroachment by hawkers. Thus the area needs a
demarcated hawkers space.
POLICY ON STREET VENDORS AND HAWKERS
To facilitate the improved access of infrastructure for hawkers and vendors the following
policy level intervention are possible
Under the street vendors (protection of livelihood and regulation of street vending) Act,
2014 every local authority shall, in consultation with the planning authority and on the
recommendations of the Town Vending Committee, once in every five years, prepare a
plan to promote the vocation of street vendors
The National Policy on urban street vendors of India, 2009 gives provision to plan for
street vending and shall identify vending zones as restriction-free-vending zones,
restricted vending zones and no-vending zones.
The National Policy on urban street vendors of India, 2009 has provision for providing
common civic amenities namely toilet, drinking water facilities and permission to use CFL
bulbs at the identified vending zones.
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS
There has to be an integrated approach to support the street vendors. It would require
design interventions and planning innovations by the local implementing agency.
The main market on V.N.Purav Marg which is closed on Sunday can be made pedestrian to
organize Sunday market. The same market can be occupied by food stalls in the evening
along the Shivaji Park for the Sunday revelers to enjoy.
The existing market in Chunabhatti can be improved by providing infrastructural support
to the vendors like build platforms and storage space for which they can be charged
minimally.
Off-street identification of vending zone in-front of Shivaji Park and Manoranjan Udyan
particularly for those hawkers who sell eatables in the evening time.
Converting the space behind the existing fist market into a hawkers zone
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1: Sunday Market, Bhopal
In Bhopal the Sunday market operates only on Sunday, when the roads are pedestrianized.
Paid parking is provided to support the market. There are no structures provided. The
Bhopal Municipal corporation collects 20/- per day from each vendor. Electricity is provided
separately through a private service provider for which they vendors have to pay 20/- per
day. The vendors are not licensed and sell at different locations on different days.
( Source: Inclusive Design for street vendors in India, Center for Urban equity& Cardiff University)
108
Locality with amenities
CASE STUDY 2: Saiyadpur Market

Saiyadpur market is primarily a meat market, catering to the local market. It also has a
vegetable market constructed by Surat Municipal corporation. SMC has provided the
vendors with platforms and constructed a semi-permanent tin roof over the whole market.
SMC collects 2-3/- per day for using the space and there is storage inside the market.
CaseStudy-3 Off-street Provision

Rajkot Municipal corporation designed an off-street market in the Laxminagar hawking zone.
They are mostly vegetable, fruit sellers and food hawkers who have been in this area from
last 40 years. They are not licenses, but vending is permissible for them in these areas
throughout the day. The vending area is demarcated by pathways of different colored floor
tiles and by different levels. Pay toilets are provided. Electricity is provided by a private
company via a battery with at a price of 40/- per day. The hawkers have to pay 25/- per day
to the Municipality and each vendor has to keep a dustbin failing which they are fined.
Present Condition of hawkers and street vending near Fish Market
109
The vacant plot seen behind the fish market in the plan sketch, can be converted into a
hawkers zone.
110
7.2 Creating public spaces in the process of redevelopment

The project area, as mention earlier once housed he Swadeshi Mill. It is now a defunct
property with most of its workers settled down in the project area. As the city is going
through the process of redevelopment and gentrification, Chunnabhatti ward 164 is no
different. The project area has already witnessed one redevelopment of the mill land and
more are to follow. The Shivaji maidan infact was created in the process. Thus the
redevelopment within the project area is an upcoming opportunity for the local administration
to create parcels of land for public use.
POLICY ON REDEVLEOPMENT OF MILL LANDS
According to the DCR 58, in the case of redevelopment, entire mill land (either open or after
demolition of existing structures) has to be distributed as follows:
One third to the BMC for open spaces.
One third to the MHADA for public housing.
The rest to be used by the owner/developer for commercial development.
Most of the private mills found the regulations of the DCR 58(1991) onerous and refused to
go that way. Modifications to the original DCR were sought and in 2001 the government
tabled an amendment to the DCR 58 (1991). According to the new rules, only the open land
on which there was no construction was to be distributed in the manner laid down in the
DCR 58(1991). As a result of this policy change, a number of defunct private mill owners
made a beeline to the civic authorities to have their plans for redevelopment passed and
approved.
PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS
As part of the redevelopment process, when the BMC shall get 1/3rd land for public use, it
should consider the needs of the local population while developing it.
As per the present condition, land is required for the following in the area:
Public square - this could house open areas/small park, hawkers zone and centre for
waste sorting.
As the area will develop, parking within and around the station areas is going to be
major concern, place needs to be appropriated for the same.
111
7.3 Redevelopment of the station area

Through discussion with commuters around the station area, major concerns were voiced on
the management and cleanliness of the station area. Many suggested that there is a need
for a ticketing counter on both sides of the station. Presently there is only one near Samarth
Nagar side of the station. Other issue raised was about the cleanliness of the station. The
toilets are usually unclean and there are inadequate dustbins due to which the tracks are
littered. Further around the station area there are issues of parking for local commuters as
well as space for taxi and auto stands is inadequate.
As part of the project, we are suggesting that the entire station area needs to be redesigned
to accommodate ticket counters, toilets and parking facilities. With the new ROB proposed to
be constructed in the DP at the railway phatak, it can be treated as an opportunity to
redesign the entire station area.
The local administration i.e. the Corporator needs to take up these issues with the Local
Body, PWD and Railway authorities.
112
7.4 Promoting pedestrianisation

EXISTING POLICY ON TRANSPORTATION
The National Urban Transport Policy, 2014 emphasizes that Non-Motorized transport
system, should be encouraged namely, walking, cycle and rickshaw since they are green
modes of transport and belong to low carbon foot-print.
The Government of India as part of its mandate supports construction of safe pedestrian
crossings and cycle tracks. The planning and implementation of the same can be
possible by active participation of the Municipality and local support by the commuters
themselves
Creating pedestrian zones

CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1: COPENHAGEN - PEDESTRIAN CITY

Copenhagen is one of the worlds great pedestrian cities. Although its blessed with certain
inherited characteristics - such as a narrow medieval street grid - the city has worked
steadily to improve the quality of its street life. In the 40 years since Copenhagens main
street was turned into a pedestrian thoroughfare, city planners have taken numerous small
steps to transform the city from a car-oriented place to a people-friendly one. The city
adopted a 10 step program to implement the plan.
Copenhagens 10-step program
Convert streets into pedestrian thoroughfares
Reduce traffic and parking gradually
Turn parking lots into public squares
Keep scale dense and low
Honor the human scale
Populate the core
Encourage student living
Adapt the cityscape to changing seasons
Promote cycling as a major mode of transportation
Make bicycles available
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7.5 Mobilizing citizens into neighbourhood activities

Mobilizing the citizens of the neighbourhood to take active role in the maintenance and
upkeep of the area, help in instilling a sense of ownership amongst the people. This has
been tried and tested in few areas/cities/countries and has proved to be very successful.
School children and senior citizens can be major agents of change. Giv
School children as agent of change.
Events and programs to bring the local community together
Programs across the public space to bring in a sense of place among the community
On the spot fixing and clean up drives
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1: MUMBAI NGO ADOPTS KING CIRCLE STATION

School children under the initiative of Swach Bharat Abhyan came together to paint King
Circle station and clean its surrounding area to make the station clean, safe and welcoming.
On 17th January around 44 children painted the outer wall of King Circle station. The colorful
painting has social message and keeps the wall spit-free.
ASE STUDY 2: ONE MATUNGA A MONTHLY EVENT TO BUILD TEAM SPIRIT

AMONG THE LOCALS.
A ten member group has come up with the idea of bringing children and parents out of their
home to enjoy games which were played by the earlier generations and to make new friends
in the neighborhood of Matunga. The events have different programs every time it is
organized. It not only includes fun games but medical checkups for elderly also.
114
CASE STUDY 3: EQUAL STREET, MUMBAI

It is a citizens movement that is aimed at correcting the imbalance in how our roads are
used. Equal Streets, Mumbais open streets citizens movement, was launched yesterday by
EMBARQ India, the Mumbai Police, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai with
support from the Times of India. Over 15,000 people came out of their homes at 7 am on
Sunday morning to take back the streets. The 6.5 km loop on SV Road, Linking Road and a
part of Juhu Road saw a range of activities including yoga, aerobics, cross-fit, Zumba and
cycling. Many resident welfare association and NGO were also part of the initiative. The
objective is to provide walking and cycling tracks throughout all neighborhoods in the city.
CASE STUDY 4: The Ugly Indian

The Ugly Indians (TUI) are an anonymous group of motivated volunteers who clean Indian
streets. TUI calls cleaning the street "Spot-fixing". TUI chooses small segments of road each
week to clean: pavements piled up with plastic, defaced walls, footpaths rendered unusable
by potholes as spot-fixing places. All tools, materials and instructions are provided on the
spot. All spot fixes are self-funded and volunteers are requested to make a contribution
towards material costs.
115
CASE STUDY 5: NEIGHBORHOODS OF FINDIKLI AND CIHANGIR IN ISTANBUL

A retired forestry engineer named Huseyin Cetinel decided to spruce up the neighborhoods
of Findikli and Cihangir in Istanbul, devoting four days and $800 dollars to redecorate a
massive staircase in rainbow hues. The local community fell in love with the newly adorned
pedestrian passageway, tweeting up a storm of praise for the beautification project. Tourists
flocked to the impromptu artwork.
Yet on August 30, citizens of Findikli and Cihangir woke up to an upsetting surprise when the
government painted over Cetinel's painted rainbow with a dull gray. In an act of multicolored
defiance, residents joined forces on Twitter and repainted the steps to the height of their
rainbow-bright glory. Residents of other nearby neighborhoods joined in as well, adding a
colorful flair to their local staircases.
116
117
7.6 City Engage - An application for community engagement

Through this project, we are proposing the creation of a mobile application which can help
the local body in monitoring and updating status of work that is taking place in the ward. The
app can be downloaded by the various stakeholders on the mobile and it can be used to
raise concerns, register complains and see status of work happening in the ward. It can
serve as a stage for communication between the ward Corporator and citizens.
7.7 Node developments

During the survey of the area, it was observed that there are a few small pockets, corners ,
tree perches etc which have potential to be developed as street nodes. Here the intervention
is not huge, but small changes like cleaning up the surrounding and make seating space is
all it needs. One example of the corner and possible intervention is shown below.
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7.8 Creating a sustainable waste management systems

In the solid waste management sector, there are presently various actors/players/workers
i.e. the waste creators (i.e. the residents, commercial establishments, hawkers etc), the
waste collectors i.e. the jhaduwalas who collect waste at the household level, the rag picker
or segregators and the BMC Safai Kamgar (i.e. the cleaners) who collect the waste and take
it to the dumping grounds and last but not the least the kabadiwalas who source waste from
the above to sell in the scrap market.
To make the entire system of waste management sustainable, each actor/player has a role
in it.
Actor/player
Role and responsibility
Possible intervention
Waste creators
Segregation of waste at
source
Create urban farms within the

neighbourhood to promote composting
Recycling waste at home

to whatever extent
possible
Conduct workshops within the

neighbourhood on composting and
home/terrace gardening.
Ensure biodegradable
waste is disposed
ethically
Jhaduwalas and
ragpickers
Kabadiwalas
After the waste creators,

they are next segregators
of waste.
Create storage facility for scrap storage,

so that it can be sold in bulk for better
profits
Once segregated they

have to ensure the scrap
is stored and disposed
ethically
Training can be imparted to the rag

pickers to treat the scrap ethically and
reuse it (case study given below)
These serve the purpose

of collectors of nondegradable waste. These
are usually small shops
wherein once can sell old
newspapers, plastic,
cardboard, metal, glass or
The local kabadiwala and rag pickers

cooperatives are the forward and
backward linkages of the SWM system.
The hawkers and waste managers need

to be brought into the formal sector.
They can be formed into Self Help
Groups and introduced to Micro Credit
System. Vocational trainings such as
gardening, composting, sewing etc. can
also be taught to the women rag pickers
and waste managers
The kabadiwalas can be part of the

cooperative and help in getting the best
price for the crap
119
thermacol. They further

segregate the waste
material wise and sell it to
scrap dealers.
POLICY INTERVENTIONS
3Rs - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle should be made mandatory and residents should be
encouraged for the same. Extensive capacity building of the residents, shop keepers, rag
pickers and waste managers is necessary. Involvement of the Residents Welfare
Associations (RWAs), schools and institutions is required for encouraging neighborhood
participation. Chunabhatti has very active social groups comprising of people from varied
age groups. Support of such groups should also be taken for knowledge dissemination.
The local Corporator needs to allocate budget for the above activities.
The open grounds and gardens within the area should be used for organizing activities
such as street plays, drawing competitions and dramas amongst students on themes of
energy conservation and sustainable livelihood. This would further encourage community
participation and knowledge dissemination. Leaflets and pamphlets should also be
distributed in the neighborhood.
The shopkeepers and hawkers should ban the use of plastic below 50 microns within the
neighborhood.
The hawkers and waste managers need to be brought into the formal sector. They can
be formed into Self Help Groups and introduced to Micro Credit System. Vocational
trainings such as gardening, composting, sewing etc. can also be taught to the women
rag pickers and waste managers.
Solid Waste Management
Unlike the wet waste which can be composted, the dry waste can be recycled and reused.
The area has an active informal chain of rag pickers and waste managers who can be
encouraged to undertake sustainable management of waste through capacity building and
awareness generation.
Presently very few households indulge in the practice of segregation of waste. Sustainable
production and consumption of materials can be encouraged and disposal of waste can be
done in an improved scientific way by undertaking capacity building both for the residents
and the waste managers. Segregation of waste can be done by placing green bag for
collecting organic and bio-degradable wastes, black bag for recyclable or non-bio-gradable
wastes and red bag for domestic hazardous wastes.
The organic waste collected can be composted and used as manure for gardens, both at
residential and community levels. Chunabhatti has open maidans and gardens where such
activities can be initiated. Compost pits do not require much area and can also be
constructed within individual apartments. Biogas plant can be set up within the
neighborhood. The gas generated can be used for cooking purposes in the houses where
piped gas supply has not yet reached. Provisions for decentralized material recovery centers
need to be developed according to the space availability.
The waste managers working within the neighborhood have shown an active interest
120
towards segregation of waste and its sustainable management. It is very important to bring
this informal and unorganized sector of rag pickers and kabadiwalas into an organized
formal setup.
Few NGOs which work in this field are listed below:
Chintan
Environmental
Research
and
(http://www.chintan-india.org/)
Action
Group,
New
Delhi
Chintan works in partnership with diverse sections and groups such as waste pickers, junk
dealers, itinerant buyers and reprocessors for improved disposal of waste. They have started
a program called 'Green Jobs' where they provide job security and dignity for the waste
pickers.
SWaCH, Pune (http://www.swachcoop.com/about-swachpune.html)
'Solid Waste Collection and Handling' or SWaCH Seva Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit, Pune is
a cooperative of waste pickers and waste managers in Pune. Authorized by PMC it provides
door to door collection and other allied scientific waste management services.
KKPKP, Pune
KKPKP or 'Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat' is a trade union of waste pickers and
scrap buyers in Pune. Apart from working in the field of sustainable waste management, it
has pioneered in bringing this unorganized set up into the formal system of governance.
KKPKP has spearheaded the struggle for recognition of scrape collectors as "workers" and
scrap collection as "work" by the Municipalities and later the State Government.
Stree Mukti Sanghatna(streemuktisanghatana.org/)
Based in Mumbai this organization has aims to recycle waste and create zero-waste cities. It
works closely with self-employed women waste pickers whom it has empowered to resist
exploitation. Besides training these women in composting, bio-methanation, micro-saving
and leadership skills, the NGO has also helped many women find alternative employment.
Triratna Prerana Mandal (http://www.triratnaindia.org/main/home.html)
A socio-humanitarian, service oriented, non-profit organization based in Mumbai. It has been
working for the sustainable development of under-privileged sections of the society including
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1: SWaCH and Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) collaborative
partnership for solid waste management in Pune city.
Launched in 2005-06, 2300 waste pickers are now members of SWaCH and provide doorto-door waste collection, housekeeping, facility management and local waste processing
services to more than 4 Lakh households and several institutions in the city. Segregation of
waste is done at source by the residents. The monitoring of the same is done by PMC. The
waste collectors sort the dry waste in sorting sheds provided by PMC or in areas designated
by RWAs and retrieve recyclables such as paper, glass and plastic. They retain the income
from the sale of this material. The wet waste and non-recyclable dry waste is handed over to
PMCs collection vehicles at designated spots. SWaCH makes alternate arrangements in
case of absence of a waste collector. Under the MoU, PMC has also authorized SWaCH to
121
enter into private service contracts with housing societies, institutions and corporate offices
for waste collection, on-site waste processing a well as housekeeping and facility
management services. To encourage citizens to treat waste at source, PMC provides a
rebate of 5% on property tax to societies, institutes and commercial establishments who
compost on site.
CASE STUDY 2: Solid Waste Management by Chintan Environmental Action Group,

New Delhi
One of the pioneer programmes of this NGO is 'Low Carbon Future'. As a part of this
programme
the organization works with bulk waste producers - hotels, offices, malls and railway stations
to reduce their wastage. The collected waste is recycled. Awareness programmes are
organized by Chintan amongst the staff of the institutions and waste audits are conducted on
regular basis.
Chintan also provides door to door collection of waste from 60,000 residences and shop
owners. Apart from waste management, it also helps in setting up of composting plants and
provides capacity building on the same. It has started a programme called 'Green Jobs'
where it provides job security and dignity for the waste pickers.
CASE STUDY 3:Training programmes for waste managers by Stree Mukti Sanghatana,
Mumbai
This NGO is working towards liberation of the women waste managers by providing them
livelihood and self respect within the society. It provides training programmes to the women
workers on sustainable methods of waste management. It has helped them from micro credit
groups. It also provides them training in alternative vocational skills such as gardening,
vermiculture and bio-methanation etc. Apart from capacity building, it also participates
actively in on-site waste processing and composting. It has constructed its training centre at
Koparkhairane in 2015. The building is an exhibition centre in itself with facilities like bio gas
plant, composting pit and rain water harvesting structures. The NGO also provides training
programmes to school children and colleges to promote recycling.
122
7.9 Other interventions to promote sustainable environmental

practices
POLICY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
EXISTING POLICIES
National Action Plan on Climate Change identifies the following eight missions:
- National Solar Mission: It promotes the use of solar energy for power generation.
- National Water Mission: Emphasizes on improvement of water use efficiency.
- National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Provides energy incentives and
reduces taxes on energy efficient appliances.
- National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: Has laid emphasis on urban waste
management and recycling. It also provides incentives for the use of public
transport.
- National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: Emphasis on
conservation of ecosystem in the Himalayan region.
- National Mission for a Green India": Afforestation of degraded forest land.
- National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: Aims at developing climate resilient
crops.
- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: the plan envisions a
new Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased
international collaboration
National Environment Policy, 2006
- Promotes the concept of 'Polluters Pay'.
- It also advocates mandating the installation of water saving closets and taps in the
building bye-laws of urban centres, and other available regulatory mechanisms.
- The policy mandates rain water harvesting and recharge in all new constructions in
urban areas.
- Revival of traditional water ponds.
- Promotes low pollution mass transport systems.
National Water Policy 2002 stresses on traditional water conservation practices like roof
top rainwater harvesting.
National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 lays emphasis on the use of public transport and
non motorized modes by offering central financial assistance for developing
infrastructure. It intends to increase the public transport trips to promote efficient
movement.
The urban street vendors of India, 2009 Act has provision for common civic amenities
namely toilet, drinking water facilities and permission to use CFL bulbs near the area
allocated for street vendors.
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2002 mandates a
comprehensive policy and responsibility of door to door waste collection and educate its
citizens about segregation of waste.
National Urban Sanitation Policy, 2008 aims at providing 100% sanitation access to
different socio-economic groups. It also strongly promotes decentralized waste water
treatment technologies.
PROPOSED POLICY INTERVENTIONS
3Rs - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle should be made mandatory and residents should be
encouraged for the same. Extensive capacity building of the residents, shop keepers, rag
pickers and waste managers is necessary. Involvement of the Residents Welfare
Associations (RWAs), schools and institutions is required for encouraging neighborhood
participation. Chunabhatti has very active social groups comprising of people from varied
123
age groups. Support of such groups should also be taken for knowledge dissemination.
The local Corporator needs to allocate budget for the above activities.
The open grounds and gardens within the area should be used for organizing activities
such as street plays, drawing competitions and dramas amongst students on themes of
energy conservation and sustainable livelihood. This would further encourage community
participation and knowledge dissemination. Leaflets and pamphlets should also be
distributed in the neighborhood.
The shopkeepers and hawkers should ban the use of plastic below 50 microns within the
neighborhood.
Use of CFLs and BEE star rated appliances should be encouraged. The shopkeepers
should provide incentives on the purchase of the same. The Corporator should allocate
budget for providing incentives to the residents.
Rainwater harvesting should be encouraged amongst the residents. Capacity building
should be done on the same.
Awareness should be spread amongst the slum dwellers against open defecation. The
Corporator should provide funding for the operation and maintenance of the public
toilets.
The hawkers and waste managers need to be brought into the formal sector. They can
be formed into Self Help Groups and introduced to Micro Credit System. Vocational
trainings such as gardening, composting, sewing etc. can also be taught to the women
As the people residing in the apartments depend on private transport for their daily
commute, stress should be laid on car pooling. Parking areas should be charged by the
RWAs. The RWAs should allocate only one parking space per family and fine should be
imposed for parking on the roads.
Pollution control tests on a periodic basis should be made mandatory by the RWAs for
the privately owned vehicles.
Events such as cycle marathons should be encouraged by the RWAs and social groups
amongst the residents to encourage cycling which is an energy efficient mode of
transportation.
The Corporator should work towards providing piped gas lines tothe residents. Bio gas
plant if constructed at a community level can produce gas which can be used for cooking
purposes in the houses where piped supply has not reached.
WATER CONSERVATION
With the increase in erratic water supply by the municipal corporations, there has been a
strong dependency on ground water resources. With the fast depleting natural resources
and rapid urbanization there has arisen a strong need for water conservation.
Water conservation can be done through Rain Water Harvesting' and 'Recycle and Reuse' of
water. The residents should be encouraged to undertake roof top rain water harvesting. Rain
water is the purest form of water. Once harvested it can be filtered and stored in storage
tanks and used for potable as well as non potable purposes depending upon the level of
filtration. The resident living in apartments and chawls can be encouraged to undertake
community level rain water harvesting in accordance to the space available.
The used water from the kitchens (grey
collected and treated in decentralized
technologies and designs available for
should be adopted depending upon the
water) and the bath rooms (black water) can be

natural treatment systems. There are various
waste water treatment. Appropriate technology
space availability. The system can function at a
124
community level and the treated water can be used for non - potable purposes like car
washing, floor mopping, gardening etc. Qureshi Nagar Slum within Chunabhatti
neighborhood does not have drainage networks. A decentralized natural treatment system is
a necessity in such conditions.
As rain water harvesting and decentralized waste water treatment structures need
maintenance, it is necessary to encourage the residents to undertake the same. Adequate
capacity building also needs to be provided.
Few NGOs and institutions which work in this field are listed below:
Centre
for
Urban
and
Regional
Excellence,
(http://www.cureindia.org/index.php)
Delhi
CURE India organizes and empowers low income communities, especially woman and
young people in urban areas, to access water supply and sanitation
Mumbai and NEERI
Premier institutions such as IIT Mumbai and NEERI have done research in the sector of
Rainwater Harvesting and Decentralized Treatment of Waste Water. IIT Kanpur has
developed 'Zero Discharge Toilets' which can be installed in places where there is lack of
sanitation and drainage facilities. Quereshi Nagar Slum where there exists a problem of
sanitation and drainage can benefit from such technology.
Shrishti Eco Research Institute, Pune (http://www.seriecotech.com/)
SERI works for the ecological restoration of polluted lakes and streams in the country. Based
in Pune, it has developed tailor made technologies for the treatment of waste water.
Consortium
for
DEWATS
Dissemination
Society
(CDD),
Bengaluru
(http://www.cddindia.org/)
CDD is an NGO working towards overcoming the existing sanitation challenges in India.
Based in Bengaluru it is presently involved in developing micro and macro level waste water
treatment systems. It is also involved in extensive capacity building programmes on
'Decentralised Treatment of Water'.
Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi (www.cseindia.org)
CSE is a research and advocacy organization working in the field of environment. As a part
of its overall objectives the organization has been doing research in the field of rain water
harvesting and decentralized waste water treatment systems. CSE has developed model
projects across the country in both the sectors. It is also involved in extensive capacity
building programmes on water conservation.
Triratna Prerana Mandal(http://www.triratnaindia.org/main/home.html)
A socio-humanitarian, service oriented, non-profit organization based in Mumbai. As a part of
its objectives it has been working in the sectors of decentralized waste water treatment and
rain water harvesting.
USE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT FIXTURES
Energy efficient fixtures such as CFLs and BEE star rated lighting fixtures should be used by
the residents and shop keepers. Use of solar water heaters should also be encouraged.
Adequate capacity building is required amongst the residents for the same. To encourage
neighborhood participation the schools, institutions, active social groups and 'Residents
125
Welfare Association' can also be approached.Premier institutions such as IIT, IGBC, CII and
TERI have been providing capacity building on the same.
EMPHASIS ON THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
There is a need for knowledge dissemination amongst the residents on the importance of
public transport such as trains, auto rickshaws and buses. Emphasis should be given on car
pooling also. Awareness generation programmes can be organized in collaboration with the
Resident's Welfare Associations, schools, institutions and social groups. Events such as
cycle marathons should be introduced amongst the residents to encourage cycling which is
an energy efficient mode of transportation.
Cyclist. in is an NGO which arranges 'cyclothon events' across Mumbai to encourage
pollution free and healthy mode of transport. (http://cyclists.in/#)
USE OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY FUEL FOR COOKING AND HEATING

PURPOSES
LPG has higher carbon emission than Piped Natural Gas (PNG). However LPG is widely
used by the residents as piped gas supply is restricted to the apartments only. Bio gas plant
if constructed at a community level can produce gas which can be used for cooking
purposes in the houses where piped supply has not reached.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has developed the Nisargruna Bio Gas Plant
which can treat any form of biodegradable waste including kitchen waste. The system
completely digests the waste in 19 20 days and the gas generated can be used for
cooking and heating purposes. The gas produced is odor free and environment friendly.
CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY 1:Water conservation and Rain Water Harvesting by Triratna Prerana
Mandal, Mumbai
The NGO has set up Vermi Composting boxes in various societies. The boxes are in the
form of trolleys which can be shifted from one place to another. They are also planning to set
up a Bio - Gas Plant for all the wet waste.
Triratna Prerana Mandalhas also set up Rain Water Harvesting Plant in the play ground of
Khotwadi. The water harvested is used for sanitation purposes. The tank has 30,000 litres of
water available on a daily basis during monsoons. It has also been organizing workshops on
water conservation.
CASE STUDY 2:Zero Discharge Toilets by Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur.
The toilets have been installed at a residence in Krishna Dham in Aligarh.The toilets installed
126
are the conventional structures but the collection and processing of the waste generated is
different from the conventional systems. A separator is fitted below the toilet seat where it
separates the solids (faecal matter) and the liquid (urine and water used for flushing). This
separator allows formation of a thin water film that sticks to the surface of the separator and
flow in outward direction whereas the solids in the form of slurry, is collected separately.
Three tanks of different capacities are installed to collect grey water, urine and flushed water
and solids/slurry. The wastewater from the two tanks containing grey water and urine/flushed
water is treated through planted filter bed and reused for gardening and flushing. The slurry
is removed from the tank and transferred to a composting plant located nearby. This system
can easily be maintained by the community and requires no motor driven services.
Design Capacity :1.5 KLD
Capital Cost: Rs 40,000- Rs 50,000/- additional to the conventional toilet system
Operation and Maintenance: Rs 5000/- month which includes slurry transportation and
supervision.
CASE STUDY 3:Decentralised Waste Water Treatment System at Kachpura Village in
Agra by Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence (CURE), Delhi.
The system treats approximately 50 KLD of the
total wastewater which it receives from 5 clusters
of slums through a common drain. The system
comprises of screen chamber which prevents the
solid waste entering into the system. The
wastewater then enters into three chambered
septic tank. After primary treatment, it goes to nine
chambered baffled anaerobic reactor which is
filled with gravels. After secondary treatment the
wastewater goes to planted filter bed for root zone treatment. The bed is filled with three
different types of filter media (white river pebbles, red stones and gravels) and planted
with Canna indica. The treated wastewater is reused for horticulture and irrigation purpose
by the local community of Kachpura.
BOD reduction: 61%
COD reduction: 64%
TDS reduction: 94%
CASE STUDY 4: Soil Scrape Filter Unit for Treating Waste Water at residence by SERI,
Pune
Done at a residential level in 2009, the treated waste water from bathroom, kitchen and
laundry has been reused for gardening purposes.
The grey water is first collected in the collection sump. It is further sprinkled on the filtering
tank planted with Canna indica and filled with ecofert material, sand, small stones and dried
leaves. The filtered water is collected in a tank from where it is lifted using bicycle operated
pump and reused for gardening. The system receives about 250-300 litres of water per day.
Gambusia fish in the storage sump keeps a check on the quality of the treated wastewater.
Design Capacity: 1KLD
Capital cost : Rs 18000-20000
O&M: Rs 1800-2000 per year
127
CASE STUDY 5: Rainwater Harvesting at Surya Vihar Apartments by CSE, New Delhi
The society is dependent on borewells for its daily water requirement. Rainwater from the
roof top (surface area: 44,029square metres) is collected. This water is harvested by
constructing nine percolation pits within the storm drain or diverting water to nearby recharge
wells at strategic locations. These pits are also provided with a recharge bore of 150 mm
diameter and 10 m depth to facilitate the recharging of water into the subsoil strata. The
surface runoff is also captures, filtered and recharged further.
128
8 OUTCOMES OF THE PROJECT

8.1 Knowledge Dissemination
Dissemination of knowledge: one of the priorities of this exercise was to not only include
various groups from the community to develop a comprehensive study but to also work
along with students for the purpose of dissemination of knowledge gained and skills
developed in this process. At each stage students were made part of the study which
brought in new ideas from the youngsters too.
Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies:
the team for the initial reconnaissance study had two students from the third
semester as a part of its team. The students were basically trained and oriented
towards doing an area study whose outputs could be meaningfully used in creating
the neighborhood development plan. In the third stage to other students from the
college were involved in developing sketches of the various sites in the
neighborhood.
The Corporator felicitating the student from KRVIA for

being part of the project
Me2Green and Management students of Institute of Technology and

Management: there were ten students who along with Me2Green NGO who had
volunteered to be part of our working team during the summer internship. These
students were part of the MBA program and it was first such experience for them to
be part of such a study. They were trained in how to do socio-economic survey, case
study and conduct focus group discussions. Later these students were also trained in
qualitative and quantitative data analysis which helped in developing the study further
in the second and the third stage.
129
Debriefing the IITM team on site
BMN College, SNDT: students were from this college helped us in bio-diversity
mapping of the neighborhood. Before that our core team had conducted presentation
with the students on climate change and solid waste management.
Viva, Virar: two students from the first year and two students from the third year
college of architecture were part of the team in the third and the fourth stage of the
project. They helped us in developing the maps and were trained in GIS map making
130
as well as ground-truthing of the same. For them it was first of its kind experience
when they were working outside any academic project. They also made sketches of
various sites and were continuously mentored by the team to develop a good quality
of working.
8.2 Empowering the Corporator

Training the Corporator and the community to think in terms of community planning. The
neighborhood community planning includes the community for which it is meant for and
at the same time needs continuous support and faith from the elected local government
so as to make the exercise more meaningful. Right from the inception of the project a
conscious effort was made to keep along the local Corporator and his team so that they
are able to understand each components, its relevance and importance in developing
future plans and outlays for the locality. The team at each stage would take the maps
developed or the data analyzed and sit with the Corporator so as to make him aware of
various tools and methodologies of area planning.
131
9 ANNEXURE:
9.1 QUESTIONNAIRES
9.1.1
RESIDENTS SURVEY FORM
Name of the surveyor

Unique ID
RSF__________
Date
General information
Name of
resident
the
Detailed address
Per
month
income of the
household
(in
INR)
<5000
5000-10000
10001-20000
Religion details
Hindu
Muslim
Sikh
20001-50000
Christian
Jain
>50000
Buddhism
Caste
Household size
School
children
Non Workers
Type
tenement
Area
house
of
How long have you been residing here?
of
the
Ownership
details
Apartment
Senior citizens
Chawl/
Tenement
Slum
______________ sq.ft
Own
Rented
Years
Others
Maintenance charges:
Property tax:
Leased
What is the rent/lease period and

amount?
_________years
_____________per month
Electricity/Power
Which company supplies you power?
What is your monthly electricity bill:
<200
20-500
Do you use environmentally friendly

lighting
CFL
LED
Do you use any alternate source of
Yes
501-1000
1001-1500
>1500
No
132
energy
If
yes
what?
Solar water heater
Solar lamps
Sewerage and sanitation

Inside
house
Toilet facilities
Do you have
connection
the
sewerage
Common Toilet
Yes
Public
Open defecation
Toilet
If No, then how is

sewage disposed
No
Payment for public toilet: _____________________

Condition of public
toilets
Clean
Unclean
Solid Waste Management

Who collects waste from your
house
Do you segregate waste?
Jhaduwala
Yes
the
Discarded
in the open
Approximately how much waste is generated

per day
No
How much do you pay per month

for waste collection
Discarded in
communitybin
Ghantagadi
Kitchen waste
1/4bin
1/2 bin
1
bin
other
1/4bin
1/2bin
1
bin
------- (INR)
Fuel Usage
What
cooking
fuel
do
you use?
Amount
used
LPG
Piped gas
Kerosene
Solar cooker
Wood/coal
Microw
ave/
OTG/in
duction
No. of
cylinder
Monthly bill
Lts per week
Hours/day
No of
times/week
Hours/
day
One per
month
<500
<10 lts
Once a
week
<1/2
hour
One per
2 months
500-1000
10-15 lts
2-3 week
1/2
hour
1 hour
One per
3 months
>1000
>15 lts
Daily
>1
hour
Water
What are your
sources of water
Municipal
Supply
Bore well
Tanker
Public taps
Bottled
water
Hours
________hr
___________hrs
_____/week
_______buckets
________
of
133
supply/amount
_/week
What is your monthly expenditure on

water?
Commuting
Daily commuting pattern (work, school, daily needs)
Member
Example
Origin
Chembu
r
Destination
Chunabhatti
Distance
Purpose
Modes used
Time
taken
Money
spent
3km
Work /school/
shopping/
tutions/recrea
tion
Train/auto/
walk/bus/
taxi/car/2
wheeler/
metro/monorail
10min
15
Commuting for recreation/vacation

What mode of travel do you
use?
Train
Car
Flight
Bus
Walk
How often in a year

How much do you spend
134
How many
location
kilometers
Disaster vulnerability
Have you faced any of the following disasters?
Loss
property
When and how
to
Loss to
life
Loss to livelihood
Flooding
Landslide
Fire
Theft
Accidents
Health issues due to
environmental hazards
Environmental practices and issues
Do you harvest rainwater?
Yes
No
If yes, for what purpose is it used?

Do you give newspaper/bottles/plastic items to the
kabadiwala?
Yes
No
Do you do any sort of gardening activities
Yes
No
If yes, do you use kitchen waste for gardening?
Yes
No
Do u face any
neighbourhood
environmental
issues
in
your
Yes
If
yes,
weight
in..kgs
No
If yes, list and describe them
(Example: burning smell, vehicular smoke, flooding, waste littering,

unhygienic toilets and open space etc.)
Issue
Description
135
What are your aspirations for the area in terms of:

Water supply and drainage
Solid waste management

Open
spaces
and
greening/recreational activity
Safety
Development/
redevelopment
Environmental Management
Monitoring and evaluation

How often have you interacted with the ward
councilor and /or MCGM
Have your issues been resolved? If yes how long did
it take?
Are you aware of the developmental work in your
ward?
Yes
No
What developmental project have

been
completed
or
being
undertaken in your ward
What
is
your
information?
source
of
Newspaper
Internet
Word
mouth
of
Informed
by
administrative
the
136
authorities
Are you willing to participate if a community planning
exercise is undertaken in your ward?
Yes
No
How would you like to contribute

towards
improving
your
neighbourhood?
9.1.2
SHOPS & ESTABLISHMENTS SURVEY FORM
(To be used for interviewing vendors sitting on the street to sell vegetables, fruits, fish, food stalls,
plastic and household items, clothes, jewellery, coconut seller)
Unique ID
ESF__________
Date
General Information
Name of the Shop
Detail location
Type of product/ service sold:
Timings
Size
Ownership: Owned/ Reneted/Leased
________sq.ft
Operating since when?
Years
Monthly income(Rs.)
What
are
your
monthly
outgoings
(Rs.):
Commute
for work
Salary of
employee
s
Water
How
customers
get daily
From which areas do

you get customers
Commute pattern
Rent
From
Where
Mode used
do
Electric
ity
Tax
Total
many
you
How many time a
week
Money
spent
Home to work place

Work place to home
For raw material
1
2
137
3
4
Public Infrastructure and Amenities used/ needed:

Infrastructure/
Amenities
Availability/source
Charges
Issues/Remarks
Availability/source
Charges
Issues/Remarks
Water supply /
Waste Disposal
Toilets
Power
Open Space /Garden
Infrastructure/
Amenities
Parking (own vehicle/
loading
/De-loading
Materials)
Any Other
Library etc)
(Hospital/
Do you use the open space/public spaces within the ward to rest in the afternoon
How will the redevelopment process and road widening project affect your business

What type of waste is
generated (list it)
Amount
generated
of
Biodegradable
Non biodegradable
Do you segregate the

waste
Yes
No
waste
How do you discard it?

Where do you discard it?
138
How will the redevelopment process and road

widening project affect your business

councilor and/or MCGM
Have your issues been resolved? If yes how long
did it take?
ward?
Yes
No
What developmental project have been completed

or being undertaken in your ward
What is your source of information?
Newspaper
Are you willing to participate if a community

planning exercise is undertaken in your ward?
Internet
Yes
Word
mouth
of
Informed
by
administrative
authorities
the
No

towards
improving
your
neighbourhood?
139
9.1.3
COMMUTERS SURVEY FORM

Unique ID
CSF__________
Train
Type of commuter
What
is
destination
your
Date
origin
and
What are the different modes of

commute you have used to reach
here
Auto
Taxi
Bus
Origin:___________________
Destination:_______________________
Walk
Train
Train
Bus
Auto
Taxi
Auto
Bus
Taxi
What is your daily travel expense

per mode?
****Only for railway commuters:

What are the issues and suggestions on the following at the chunabhatti station:
Issues
Suggestions
Ticketing system
Public toilets
Cleanliness at the station
Safety of commuters
Getting
autos/buses/taxis
further travel
for
Others
140
9.1.4
HAWKERS SURVEY FORM
(To be used for interviewing vendors sitting on the street to sell vegetables, fruits, fish, food stalls,
plastic and household items, clothes, jewellery, coconut seller)
Unique ID
HSF__________
Date
General Information
Name of the Hawker
Detail location
Type of product
Approximate monthly income
Hawking timings
How long have you been

hawking here?
Years
From which areas

do
you
get
customers
What is the rent/lease/hafta paid per

month?
How
any
customers do you
get daily
_____________per month
Commute pattern
From
Where
Mode used
How many time a

week
Money spent
Home to work place

Work place to home
For raw material
1
2
3
4
5
141
Infrastructure facilities:
Infrastructure
Availability/source
Charges
Issues/Remarks
Water supply
Toilets
Power
Hawkers
zone/permanent place
Storage space
What type of
generated (list it)
waste
is
Do you segregate the

waste
Biodegradable
Non biodegradable
Yes
No
Amount of waste generated

How do you discard it?
Where do you discard it?
Do you use the open space/public spaces within the

ward to rest in the afternoon
What according to you will be an ideal areas for a

dedicated hawkers zone within the ward
What sort of facilities would you like if such a zone is

provided
Are you ready to pay monthly charges for it?
Yes
No
How will the redevelopment process and road

widening project affect your business

How often do you/have you interacted with the ward
142
councilor and MCGM

Have your issued been resolved? If yes how long did
it take?
ward?
What
is
your
information?
source
of
Newspaper
Yes
Internet

exercise is undertaken?
Yes
No
Word
mouth
of
Informed
by
administrative
authorities
the
No
How can you contribute in this

process?
143
9.1.5
KABBADIWALA SURVEY FORM
(To be used for interviewing electrician, mochi, clothes alteration)

Unique ID
WMSF__________
Date
General Information
Name of the establishment
Location
Residential location
Size
of
__________sq.ft
establishment:
Operating since when:

Is it a registered
Establishment?
Ownership: Owned/ Rented No. People employed:
Shop
&
What sort of Waste Streams?
Paper
Cardboard
Plastic
Glass
Electronics
Metal
Wood
Rubber
Any Other:
What is your monthly income
Rs.
What are yourmonthlyoutgoings

(Rs.):
Commute
for work
Rent
Salary of
employees
Water
Electricity
Tax
(Add Total column)

Alternate jobs?
Waste Business
Type of waste
Quantity bought per

week (kg/ number)
Buying
Price
(Rs.) per unit/kg
Quantity
sold
week(kg/unit)
per
Selling
price
(Rs.) per unit
Paper
Cardboard
Plastic
Glass
Electronics
Metal
Wood
Rubber
144
Waste Operations
Waste Stream
Type of processing (Sorting, cleaning, bundling, storing)
Customers (People from whom he buys waste)

Type
customer
of
No.
of
customers
per type
Rag
picker/
HIG/
Slum/
office/ school/
establishment
Type of Waste
Newspaper/
Bottles/ Metal/
Cardboard/
Tyres/
Distance
from shop
Monthly
Quantity
0-500m,
>2
km,
>5km
Frequency
of
Collection
(Daily/
weekly/
monthly/
once
in
while )
Mode
Collection
of
Walk/Cycle/Bike/
At Shop
Buyers (Forward Linkages: people who buy waste from him)

Waste
Stream
Buyer Name
Location
Quantity
sold per
month
Transport
Cost
Borne
Collection
Frequency
in a month
By Buyer/
Self
145
Public Infrastructure and Amenities used:

Infrastructure/
Amenities
Availability/source
Charges
Issues/Remarks
Water supply /
Waste Disposal
Toilets
Power
Open Space/Garden
Parking
Any Other (Hospital/
Library etc)
What kind of facilities / support do you need for
your business?
Have your issues been resolved? If yes how long
did it take?
ward?
Yes
No
What developmental project

have been completed or being
What is your
information?
source
of
Newspaper
Internet
Are you willing to participate if a community

planning exercise is undertaken in your ward?
Yes
Word of mouth
Informed
by
administrative
authorities
the
No

towards
improving
your
neighbourhood?
146
Are there any more shops/mobile kabadiwals active in your locality? If yes, how many?
9.1.6
WASTE MANAGERS SURVEY FORM
(To be used for interviewing electrician, mochi, clothes alteration)

Unique ID
WMSF__________
Date
General Information
Name of the establishment
What sort
manage?
of
products
Location
does
he
Electrical good
Mochi
Clothes
alteration
No
of
repaired
No of Product
discarded
How
is
discarded
Type
product
of
No of
received
products
Product
it
147
9.1.7
OPEN SPACE SURVEY FORM

Unique ID
OSSF__________
Date
Background
Name
Space
of
Name of Person
Type of User
Children
13)
Gender
Have
you
someone?
come
(6-
Teenagers (13-18)
Adult
60)
College Student
(18-
Senior
Citizen
Residential
location
Yes
No
Whom?
Chil
d
Parent/
Grandparent
Friend/
Sibling
How often do you come
Twice
a day
Daily
2-3 times a
week
Once in a while
Weekends
Time spent here
< Half an hour
Upto
hour
More than one Hour
When do you come
Early
mornin
g
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
How do you come here
Walk
Two
Wheeler
Car
Bus
Time taken
to reach
____Hr__min
How much Cost

(Rs)
Jog/ walk
Exercise
Training
Meet Friends
Yoga
Rest
Club Activity
Eating
Privacy
Work meeting
Talk
Any
other
Purpose
with
Partner
One
Train
How
distance
Late
Evening
Taxi
much
Auto
_____k
m
Play
148
What do Like/ Dislike? What would you like to Improve?

Aspects
Like
Dislike/ Issues
What to Improve
Fee/ Charges
Public toilets
Waste
Management/Bins
Cleanliness
Play Equipments
Greenery/Shade
Lighting
Safety /First Aid
Drinking Water Facility
Sitting Areas
Parking
Air Quality
Others
Views on improvements
Would you like to have the following facilities/ activities?
Yes / No
How much Fee/Charges can you

pay
Urban Farming/ Greening
149
Composting
Football matches
Yoga Classes
Cricket Matches
Sport Training Sessions
More Such Spaces
Children Camps
Street Play/ Movies
Dog Park
Any Other
150
9.1.8
RAGPICKER SURVEY FORM
(To be used for interviewing Jhadoowala/ waste collector/ waste picker/ rag picker)
Unique ID
RSF__________
Date
Background Information
Location Met:
Person Name:
Residential location
Working
when:
on
this
job
Do you have id
card?
since
What is the nature of work

performed?
(household waste collection&/or
recovery/ disposal in bin/ waste
recovery from bin/ waste recovery
from streets or public spaces)
What sort of Waste Streams do

they recover?
Paper
Cardboard
Plastic
Glass
Electronics
Metal
Wood
Rubber
Any Other:
Specify
Primary
alternate Jobs?
job
and

(Rs.):
Job (1)
Job (2)
Job (3)
Dry
(%)
Area
used
for recovery
(sq.ft.)
Job (4)
Work Timings
Waste Collection Activity
Societies/ Shops
No.
of
Flats/
shop
s
Quantity
/
day(kg)
Wet
(%)
Recove
ry (kg)
Salar
y
(Rs.)
Workin
g
Hours
151
Environmental, Health, Social and Safety Aspects

Is waste segregated
household ?
at
Yes
No
Specify % of
HH?
Do you collect wet and dry

waste separately?
Yes
No
How ?
Do
you
(Glove/boots/
Work?
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
use
PPE
Mask)
for
Do you know composting?

Do you burn
recovery?
waste
for
25-50
>50
Do you think is required?
Yes
No
No
Do you burn garden waste?
Yes
No
No
Do you feel there is a social

stigma associated with this work?
Yes
No
Any
diseases?
Specify____________________
0-10
10-25
Money spent on Health expenses (Rs.)
Waste Recovery Operations

Bins Location
Covered
Areas/
Streets
covered
Waste Stream
Newspaper/
Bottles/ Metal/
Cardboard/
Tyres/
Quantity
per
day
(kg)
Timing
Frequency
Mode
Collection/
Transport
of
Twice/
Daily/
weekly
Walk/Cycle/Bike/
Hathgadi
152
Buyers/ Kabbadiwalas(Waste sold to whom?)

Kabbadiwala
Name
Location
Waste Stream sold
Quantity
sold per
month
Rate per
unit sold
Frequency
in a month
Public Infrastructure and Amenities Issues:

Infrastructure/
Amenities
Availability/source
Charges
Issues/Remarks
Water supply /Drinking

water
Community bins
Public Toilets
Street Lighting
Transport
Open Space/Garden
Parking
Any Other
What kind of facilities / support do you need for your

waste
management
activity?
(Space
for
segregation/Storage space/ ID cards/ Health
insurance/ vehicles/ personal protective equipment/
right to access waste/ etc.)
153

Have your issues been resolved? If yes how long did
it take?
ward?
Yes
No
What developmental project have

been
completed
or
being
What
is
your
information?
source
of
Newspaper
Internet

exercise is undertaken in your ward?
Yes
Word
mouth
of
Informed
by
administrative
authorities
the
No

towards
improving
your
neighbourhood?
Are there any more jhaddowalas/rag pickers active in your locality? If yes, how many?
154

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Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan

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Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

SHEEMA FATIMA SOCIAL EXPERT

CHAVAN JOSHI - DISASTER MANAGEMENT EXPERT

Phone: +91-9833625340, Email: priya.m.chavan@gmail.com

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

CHANDERSHEKHAR KAUL URBAN PLANNER

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

Project Area ............................................................................................................ 9

DELINEATING THE NEIGHBORHOOD....................................................................... 11

Case Study: Review Of Community Plans ............................................................ 11

Preliminary meetings ............................................................................................ 14

Reconnaissance Survey ....................................................................................... 15

Housing Typologies ....................................................................................... 15

Open Spaces: ................................................................................................ 18

Market Area: .................................................................................................. 18

Chunnabhatti Station: .................................................................................... 19

Identification of Stakeholders ................................................................................ 20

Project Team Building ........................................................................................... 20

Delineation of the project area .............................................................................. 22

MAPPING THE AREA.................................................................................................. 23

Preparation of base map ....................................................................................... 23

Team Building ....................................................................................................... 23

Mapping surveys ................................................................................................... 23

Generation of Maps .............................................................................................. 26

DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................... 27

Development Plans/Maps ..................................................................................... 27

Infrastructure Information ...................................................................................... 28

Questionnaire Surveys .......................................................................................... 28

Project Proposals for the Area .............................................................................. 28

Population Estimation and Projection .................................................................... 29

Population of Mumbai (MCGM) ...................................................................... 29

Population of L ward ...................................................................................... 31

Estimating the Population of Corporator Ward 164 ........................................ 32

INTERACTIONS AND SURVEYS OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS .................................... 34

Neighbourhood Environmental Improvement Plan (NEIP)

Residents Survey ........................................................................................... 34

Shops and Establishments Survey................................................................. 34

Commuters Survey ........................................................................................ 34

Open Space Users Survey............................................................................. 35

Waste Managers Survey ................................................................................ 35

Kabadiwalas Survey ...................................................................................... 36

Rag Pickers Survey ....................................................................................... 36

Interaction with community.................................................................................... 34

Interaction with Key Institutions ............................................................................. 36

Local Corporator ............................................................................................ 36

Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai ...................................................... 37

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 38

Land and Building Use .......................................................................................... 39

Public Spaces - Recreational/Open Spaces .......................................................... 47

Social Amenities ................................................................................................... 53

Transportation and commuting.............................................................................. 62

Informal Economy: Hawkers and Street Vendors .................................................. 67

Shops and Establishments.................................................................................... 70

Sewerage and Sanitation ...................................................................................... 73

Solid Waste Management Chain ........................................................................... 77

Snapshots of the Carbon Footprint ....................................................................... 88

Methodology for calculating the Carbon Footprint .......................................... 88

Snapshots of few cases ................................................................................. 88

Corporator Funding and Expenditure .................................................................... 92

PROJECT AND PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS ........................................................... 99