fib Model Code 2010

Punching of flat slabs:

Design example
Stefan Lips, Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernndez Ruiz
Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland,
18.07.2011

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Basic data

1.1

Geometry (dimensions in [m])

Plan view

Spans: Lx = 6.00 m and Ly = 5.60 m

Slab thickness h:

25 cm

Cover concrete c:

3 cm

1.2
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Section trough slab

and column

Material

Concrete C30

Steel B500S (flexural and transverse reinforcement)

fck

30 MPa

fyd

435 MPa

1.5

Es

200 GPa

dg

32 mm

Ductility class

1.3

Loads

Self-weight of concrete slab:

6.25 kN/m2

Superimposed dead load:

2 kN/m2

Live load:

3 kN/m2

g d qd 1.35(6.25 2) 1.5 3 15.6 kN/m 2

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Level I of approximation (preliminary design)

Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if
punching shear reinforcement is needed.

Inner (C5):
Vd 692 kN
Corner (C1, C3): Vd 93 kN
Edge (C2):
Vd 265 kN

The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
(C4 and C6 are not governing
Vd 244 kN)

Control perimeter
The effective depth dv is assumed to be 200 mm.
Eccentricity coefficient (ke) are adopted from the commentary of 7.3.5.2

Inner column
(C5)
ke=0.9

Corner Column
(C1, C3)
ke=0.65

Inner:

b0 ke 4 bc d v 0.90 4 260 200 1501mm

Corner:

b0 ke 2 bc v
4

200

0.65 2 260 4

440 mm

Edge:

b0 ke 3 bc v
2

200

0.70 3 260 2

766 mm

Edge Column
(C2, C4, C6)
ke=0.7
Rotations

According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial
moment is zero rs can be estimated based on the spans.

rs ,x 0.22 Lx 0.22 6.0 1.32 m

By using the Level I approach, one can estimate the rotations.

x 1.5

The maximum aggregate size of 32 mm leads to a factor kdg of

y 1.5

48
48
kdg

1.0
16 d g 16 32

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

rs ,x f yd
d Es
rs , y f yd
d Es

rs , y 0.22 Ly 0.22 5.6 1.23m

1.5

1.32 435
0.0215 governing
0.200 200000

1.5

1.23 435
0.0200
0.200 200000

1
1

0.25 0.6
1.5 0.6 d k dg 1.5 0.6 0.0215 200 1.0

Shear strength without shear reinforcement

Inner:

VRd ,c k

Corner: VRd ,c k
Edge:

VRd ,c k

f ck

c
f ck

c
f ck

b0 d v 0.25

30
1501 200 103 274 kN Vd 692 kN
1.5

b0 d v 0.25

30
440 200 103 80 kN Vd 93kN
1.5

b0 d v 0.25

30
766 200 10 3 140 kN Vd 265 kN
1.5

The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.
Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can
calculate the minimal needed value of factor ksys.
VRd ,max ksys k

f ck

Vd

b0 d v Vd ksys
k

f ck

b0 d v

Vd
VRd ,c

ksys depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The
model code proposes a value of ksys = 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules (7.13.5.3). Higher values (up to ksys = 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.

Inner:

ksys

Vd
692

2.5
VRd ,c 274

Corner:

ksys

Vd
93

1.2
VRd ,c 80

Edge:

ksys

Vd
265

1.9
VRd ,c 140

Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of ksys) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.
The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Level II of approximation (typical design)

3.4

Structural analysis and flexural design

The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used.

Summary of the column reactions

The moment Md is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction.

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6

Md M

2
d ,x

2
d ,y

Column

Rd [kN]

Md,x, [kNm]

Md,y [kNm]

111
266
112
252
664
246

25
42
25
3
8
5

22
0
22
36
1
34

For a level II approximation, one has to know the flexural reinforcement. It

was designed on the basis of the previous finite element analysis.

The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigidplastic behavior of concrete and steel:
f yd
mRd d 2 f yd 1

2 f cd

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Md [kNm]
33
42
33
36
8
34

Reinforcement sketch

Flexural strength
10 @200 mm

mRd = 35 kNm/m

d = 210 mm

10 @100 mm

mRd = 69 kNm/m

d = 210 mm

10 @200 mm / 16 @200 mm

mRd = 115 kNm/m

d = 204 mm

3.5

Shear design inner column C5

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction
force Nd minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (gd + qd)Ac.

Ac bc2 2 bc d v

dv 2
0.2042
0.262 2 0.26 0.204
0.21 m 2
4
4

Vd N d g d qd Ac 664 15.6 0.21 661 kN

Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column
corresponds to the centroid of the control perimeter.
Therefore,

eu

Md
8 106
e
0 12 mm
661 103
Vd

e 0

ke

1
1

0.98
1 eu bu 1 12 513

bu

Ac

206 103 513mm

b0 ke b1 ke 4 bc d v 0.98 4 260 204 1642 mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.

rs ,x 1.32 m

rs , y 1.23m

bs 1.5 rs , x rs , y 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m

kdg is calculated at Level I.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

msd ,x

Vd M d , x Vd ex
661
8

85 kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91

msd , y

Vd M d , y Vd ey
661
1

83kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91
1.5

r f m
x 1.5 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd ,x

1.5

1.32 435 85

0.0133 governing
1.5
0.204 200000 115

r f m
y 1.5 s , y yd sd
d Es mRd , y

1.5

1.23 435 83

0.0121
1.5
0.204 200000 115

1.5

1
1

0.32 0.6
1.5 0.6 d k dg 1.5 0.6 0.0133 204 1.0

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Consequently,
shear reinforcement is necessary.

f ck

VRd ,c k

b0 d v 0.32

30
1642 204 103 390 kN Vd 661kN
1.5

Punching strength with shear reinforcement

Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force Vd is smaller than the
maximum punching strength VRd,max. This is done assuming ksys=2.

VRd ,max ksysVRd ,c 2 390 781kN

The design shear force Vd is below the maximum punching strength VRd,max.
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause 7.13.5.3.

VRd ,max 781kN Vd 661kN

swd

The bond strength is taken as fbd = 3 MPa (according to MC 2010 for

corrugated bars).

E s
6

b0 d v 1223kN

f
d 200000 0.0133
3 204
1 bd
1

f ywd w
435 8
6

Vd VRd ,c
ke swd sin

Asw,min

0.5 Vd
0.5 661

774 mm 2 governing
ke f ywd sin 0.98 435 sin 90
Vd

b0

661 390 10
636 mm
0.98 435 sin 90
3

f ck

d v ,out

661 103
0.32

30
174
1.5

In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth dv is equal to the
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the
slab.

rout

b0
3258

519 mm
2
2

d v ,out d c 204 30 174 mm

bout

Assuming a circular control perimeter for the estimation of the eccentricity,

factor ke can be estimated as detailed in the right hand side column.

b0 3258

3296 mm
ke 0.99

sw 8@100@100 0.50%

Possible shear reinforcement layout:

swd 521 MPa f ywd 435 MPa

Asw

To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a
safe estimate.

f ck

3258 mm

ke

1
1

0.99
1 eu 2rout 1 12 2 519

2
Asw w 4 bc d v d v2 4 bc 0.35d v 0.35d v

2
Asw 0.005 4 260 204 2042 4 260 0.35 204 0.35 204

Asw 1263mm 2 774 mm 2

bout 4 700 174 3347 mm 3296 mm

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

3.6

Shear design corner column C1 and C3

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction
force Nd minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (gd + qd)Ac.

Ac bc2 2 bc

dv dv 2
0.2102

0.262 0.26 0.210

0.13 m 2
2 16
16

Vd N d g d qd Ac 112 15.6 0.13 110 kN

Control perimeter
ex ey

d b
3
1
3
bc v c bc d v
4
2 2 4
2

ex ey

1
3 1
3

bc d v 260 210 144 mm

4
2 4
2

e ex 2 144 2 203mm
eu

Md
33 106
e
203 97 mm
110 103
Vd

ke

1
1

0.81
1 eu bu 1 97 408

b0 ke b1 ke 2 bc v
4

bu

Ac

131 103 408mm

0.81 2 260 210 4 554 mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I
approximation.
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance bsr.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

rs ,x 1.32 m

rs , y 1.23m

bs 1.5 rs , x rs , y 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m

bsr 2 bc 2 0.26 0.52 m governing
msd ,x

Vd M d ,x Vd ex 110 25 110 0.144

V
110

31kN d
55 kN
bs
8
8
0.52
2
2

msd , y

Vd M d , y Vd ey 110 22 110 0.144

V
110

25 kN d
55 kN
bs
8
8
0.52
2
2

kdg is calculated at Level I.

1.5

r f m
x 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd ,x

1.5

1.32 435 55

0.0146 governing
1.5
0.21 200000 69

r f m
y 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y

1.5

1.23 435 55
0.0136
1.5
0.21 200000 69

1.5

1
1

0.30 0.6
1.5 0.6 d k dg 1.5 0.6 0.0146 210 1

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear
reinforcement will be necessary

VRd k

f ck

b0 d v 0.30

30
554 210 103 127 kN 110 kN
1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided.

As

For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced.

qd acc 1.0(6.25 2) 0.6 3 10.1kN/m 2

Vd ,acc

qd acc

g d qd

10.1
Vd
110 71kN
15.6

Vd ,acc
cos
f yd f t / f y k 1
1.5
1 1.25 uk

71 103

cos 0
435 1.08 1
1.5
1 1.25 0.05

916 mm 2

2x2 20 As = 1257 mm2 (2 in each direction)

0.12d res 0.12 h 2 c top bottom 0.12 250 2 30 10 20 19 mm 20 mm

The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08 and uk = 0.05
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus 0 .
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12 dres

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

3.7

Shear design edge column C2

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction
force Nd minus the applied load within the control
perimeter (gd + qd)Ac.

Ac bc2 3 bc

dv dv 2
3
0.212

0.262 0.26 0.21

0.17 m 2
2
8
2
8

Vd N d g d qd Ac 266 15.6 0.17 263 kN

Control perimeter
1
d
d
d
d v bc v 2 bc v bc v
2
2
2
2

ex
bc dv 2 bc dv 2

2
2
1 2b 6bc d v 3d v
ex c
4
3bc 2d v

b
c
2

ex

1 2bc2 6bc d v 3d v2 1 2 2602 6 260 210 3 2102

124 mm
4
3bc 2d v
4
3 260 2 210

ey 0 mm

e ex 124 mm

eu

Md
42 106
e
124 35 mm
263 103
Vd

ke

1
1

0.93
1 eu bu 1 35 461

b0 ke b1 ke 3 bc v
2

bu

Ac

167 103 461mm

0.93 3 260 210 2 1031mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.

rs ,x 1.32 m

rs , y 1.23m

In case of edge columns, the width of the

support strip may be limited by the distance bsr.

bs 1.5 rs , x rs , y 1.5 1.32 1.23 1.91m

bsr ,x 3 bc 3 0.26 0.78 m governing
bsr , y

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

bc bs 0.260 1.91

1.09 m governing
2 2
2
2

msd ,x

Vd M d ,x Vd ex
263 42 263 0.124

45 kN
bs
8
8
0.78

msd , y

Vd M d , y Vd ey
V
263
0
263

33kN d
66 kN
8
2 bs
8
2 1.09
4
4

10

kdg is calculated at Level I.

1.5

r f m
x 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd ,x

1.5

1.32 435 45

0.011
1.5
0.21 200000 69

r f m
y 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y

1.5

1.23 435 66
0.018 governing
1.5
0.21 200000 69

1.5

1
1

0.27 0.6
1.5 0.6 d k dg 1.5 0.6 0.018 210 1.0

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Since the
strength seems to be rather close to the design load, a level III approximation
will be performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

VRd k

f ck

b0 d v 0.27

30
1031 210 10 3 211kN 263kN
1.5

11

4
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite
element analysis.
From the results of the flexural analysis, one
can obtain the distance between the center of
the column and the point, at which the bending
moments are zero.

rs ,x 0.64 m

bs 1.5 rs , x rs , y 1.5 0.64 1.18 1.30 m

mx=0
rsy=1.18 m

bsr , y

bc bs 0.26 1.30

0.78 m
2 2
2
2

msd , x 24 kNm/m

rsx=0.64 m

rs ,x 0.64m
y
bsr,x
2

-bsr,x
2

-17.3
-31.0
-35.1
-20.7
-11.8
msd,x [kNm/m]
-11.0
-17.4
-29.6
-34.1
-25.7

rs , y 1.18 m

bsr ,x 3 bc 3 0.26 0.78 m

my=0

The average moment in the support strip can

be obtained by the integration of the moments
at the strip section.
Since the flexural moments md,x and md,y at the
support regions are negative, the absolute
value of the twisting moment md,x need to be
subtracted so that the absolute value of msd,x
and msd,y will be maximized.

Level III of approximation (detailed design or assessment

of existing structure)

msd,y [kNm/m]
-56.0-54.7-53.8 -48.9
-42.0
-51.9
-32.9
-36.8
-30.4
0

bs,y

msd ,x md ,x md , xy
msd , y md , y md ,xy

2
bsr ,x 0.52 m
3

r f m
x 1.2 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd ,x

y 1.2
k

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear

reinforcement will be necessary

msd , y 43kNm/m

rs , y f yd msd

d Es mRd , y

(average value on support strip)

rs , y 1.18 m

2
bsr , y 0.52 m
3

1.5

1.5

0.64 435 24
0.0016
1.2
0.21 200000 69

1.5

1.5

1.18 435 43
0.0073 governing
1.2
0.21 200000 69

1
1

0.41 0.6
1.5 0.6 d k dg 1.5 0.6 0.0073 210 1.0

VRd k

f ck

b0 d 0.41

30
1047 210 10 3 332 kN 263kN
1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the
structure.
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus the design load can be reduced.

qd acc 1.0(6.25 2) 0.6 3 10.1kN/m 2

Vd ,acc

qd acc

g d qd

Vd

10.1
263 171kN
15.6

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

As

Vd ,acc
cos
f yd f t / f y k 1
1.5
1 1.25 uk

171 103

cos 0
435 1.08 1
1.5
1 1.25 0.05

2194 mm 2

2x320 + 316 As = 2488 mm2 (3 in each direction)

0.12d res 0.12 h 2 c top bottom 0.12 250 2 30 10 20 19 mm 20 mm

12

The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.

Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08 and uk = 0.05
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus = 0.
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12dres

Corners of walls should be checked following the same methodology.

Acknowledgements:
The authors are very appreciative of the contributions of Dr. Juan Sagaseta
Albajar and Luca Tassinari
The authors would also like to thank Carsten Siburg (RWTH Aachen,
Germany) for the independent check of the example he performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland

13