Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic,
ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use,
and for low- or high-temperature service.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
4. General Requirements
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
requirements of the current edition of Specification A 484/
A 484M shall apply. Failure to comply with the general
requirements of Specification A 484/A 484M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
Forging2
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products3
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings2
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products3
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4
5. Manufacture
5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,
billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, and
cut to the required length by a suitable process. This material,
except for ingots, may be specified to Specification A 314.
5.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing,
rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly as
possible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; and
shall be processed, if practicable, so as to cause metal-flow
during the hot-working operation in the direction most favorable for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may be
indicated to the manufacturer by the purchaser.
5.3 When specified on the order, a sample forging may be
sectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition as
regards internal imperfections. When so specified, the question
of acceptable and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject to
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior to
order entry.
5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shall
submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the
shape of the rough forging before machining, or before heat
treating for mechanical properties.
5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable and
precautions shall be taken to minimize grain growth.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.2 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,
3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),
3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),
3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and
3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.
3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by customer purchase order when ordering Types 207 and 205.
3.1.8 Special requirements.
3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should be
given on the purchase order especially when the item is ordered
for a specific end use or uses.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Except for S31254, the austenitic steels shall receive a
solution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to a
minimum temperature of 1900F (1040C), followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.
6.2 S31254 shall receive a solution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of
2100F (1150C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.
6.3 When specified, Types 347, 348, and 321 shall receive a
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat Stainless Steel Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally
published as A 473 62 T. Last previous edition A 473 98.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 473
TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA
Type
Number
Carbon,
%
Manganese,
%
Phosphorus,
%
Sulfur,
%
S20100
S20200
S20500
S21900
S21904
S28200
S30200
S30215
S30300
S30323
S30400
S30403
S30500
S30800
S30815
S30900
S30908
S31000
S31008
S31254
S31400
S31600
S31603
S31700
S32100
S34700
201
202
205
XM-10
XM-11
...
302
302B
303
303 Se
304
304L
305
308
...
309
309S
310
310S
...
314
316
316L
317
321
347
0.15
0.15
0.120.25
0.08
0.04
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.08
0.030
0.12
0.08
0.10
0.20
0.08
0.25
0.08
0.020
0.25
0.08
0.030
0.08
0.08
0.08
5.57.5
7.510.0
14.015.5
8.010.0
8.010.0
17.019.0
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
0.80
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.060
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.20
0.20
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.030
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.010
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
S34800
348
0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030
S32550D
S32760D
...
...
0.04
0.030
1.50
1.00
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.010
1.00
1.00
S32950
...
0.03
2.00
0.035
0.010
0.60
S40500
S42900
S43000
S43020
S43023
S44600
405
429
430
430F
430F Se
446
0.08
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.20
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.50
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.06
0.06
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
S40300
S41000
S41008
S41400
S41425
S41500
S41600
S41623
S42000
S43100
S44002
S44003
S44004
S50100
...
...
S50200
403
410
410S
414
...
0.15
0.15
0.08
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.15
0.15
Over 0.15
0.20
0.600.75
0.750.95
0.951.20
Over 0.10
0.15
0.15
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.501.00
0.51.0
1.25
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.300.60
0.300.60
1.00
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.020
0.030
0.06
0.06
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.005
0.030
0.15 min
0.06
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
UNS
DesignationB
Silicon,
%
Other
Elements,
%
Chromium,
%
Nickel,
%
Molybdenum, %
Nitrogen, %
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.003.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.402.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
0.80
1.503.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
16.018.0
17.019.0
16.518.0
19.021.5
19.021.5
17.019.0
17.019.0
17.019.0
17.019.0
17.019.0
18.020.0
18.020.0
17.019.0
19.021.0
20.022.0
22.024.0
22.024.0
24.026.0
24.026.0
19.520.5
23.026.0
16.018.0
16.018.0
18.020.0
17.019.0
17.019.0
3.55.5
4.06.0
1.001.75
5.57.5
5.57.5
...
8.010.0
8.010.0
8.010.0
8.010.0
8.010.5
8.012.0
10.513.0
10.012.0
10.012.0
12.015.0
12.015.0
19.022.0
19.022.0
17.518.5
19.022.0
10.014.0
10.014.0
11.015.0
9.012.0
9.013.0
...
...
...
...
...
0.751.25
...
...
0.60C
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6.06.5
...
2.003.00
2.003.00
3.04.0
...
...
0.25
0.25
0.320.40
0.150.40
0.150.40
0.400.60
0.10
...
...
...
0.10
0.10
...
...
0.140.20
...
...
...
...
0.180.22
...
0.10
0.10
0.10
...
...
1.00
17.019.0
9.013.0
...
...
24.0-27.0
24.026.0
4.5-6.5
6.08.0
2.9-3.9
3.04.0
0.10-0.25
0.200.30
26.029.0
3.55.2
1.002.50
0.150.35
11.514.5
14.016.0
16.018.0
16.018.0
16.018.0
23.027.0
0.60
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
...
...
...
0.60C
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.25
A1 0.100.30
...
0.75
0.75
1.252.50
4.07.0
3.55.5
...
...
...
1.252.50
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1.502.00
0.400.80
0.60C
...
...
...
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.400.65
0.450.65
0.901.10
0.400.65
...
...
...
...
0.060.12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Cu 0.30
Austenitic Grades
Cu 0.751.25
Se 0.15 min
Ce 0.030.08
Cu 0.501.00
Ti 53C min
Cb+Ta 103C,
min
Cb+Ta 103C,
min
Ta 0.10
Co 0.20
Austenitic-Ferritic Grades
Cu 1.502.50
Cu 0.501.00
W 0.501.00
Ferritic Grades
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Se 0.15 min
Martensitic Grades
416
416 Se
420
431
440A
440B
440C
501
501A
501B
502
0.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.60
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.501.00
0.501.00
1.00
11.513.0
11.513.5
11.513.5
11.513.5
12.015.0
11.514.0
12.014.0
12.014.0
12.014.0
15.017.0
16.018.0
16.018.0
16.018.0
4.06.0
6.08.0
8.010.0
4.06.0
Se 0.15 min
...
...
A 473
TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements
Type
Yield Strength,
min, ksi
(MPa)A
Condition
Tensile Strength,
min, ksi
(MPa)
Elongation
in 2 in.
(50 mm) or
4D, min %
Reduction
of Area,
min, %
Brinell
Hardness
Number,
max
Austenitic Grades
201, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309,
309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348
202
205
304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) and
Under
304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm)
304L and 316L
XM-10 and XM-11
S28200
S30815
S31254
30 (205)
75 (515)
40
50
...
A
A
A
45 (310)
50 (345)
30 (205)
90 (620)
90 (620)
75 (515)
40
40
40
50
50
50
...
...
...
A
A
A
A
A
A
30
25
50
60
45
44
70 (485)
65 (450)
90 (620)
110 (760)
87 (600)
95 (650)
40
40
45
40
40
35
50
50
60
55
50
50
...
...
...
...
...
...
S32550
S32950
S32760
A
A
A
109 (750)
100 (690)
109 (750)
25.0
15
25
...
...
...
290
293
290
A
A
A
A
70 (485)
60 (415)
65 (450)
70 (485)
20
20
23
20
45
45
45
45
223
207
207
217
70 (485)
65 (450)
...
...
115 (795)
125 (860)
95 (655)
115 (795)
...
...
...
...
115 (795)
175 (1210)
...
...
60 (415)
90 (620)
100 (690)
20
22
...
15
15
15
15
...
...
15
13
...
20
20
20
45
45
...
45
45
45
45
...
...
...
...
...
50
50
40
223
217
298
321
321
321
295
223
277B
321
440
269
201
248
262
(205)
(170)
(345)
(415)
(310)
(300)
Austenitic-Ferritic Grades
80 (550)
70 (480)
80 (550)
Ferritic Grades
40
30
35
35
(275)
(205)
(240)
(240)
Martensitic Grades
403, 410, 416, 416SE
410S
414
S41425
S41500
420
431
A
A
A
T
H
T
normalized and tempered
A
A
T
H
A
A
T
T
40
35
...
90
100
120
90
...
...
90
135
...
30
65
70
(275)
(240)
...
(620)
(690)
(825)
(620)
...
...
(620)
(930)
...
(205)
(450)
(485)
A
Yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. An alternative method of determining yield
strength may be used based on a total extension under load of 0.5 %.
B
Type 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the above mechanical property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from
1800 to 1900F (980 to 1038C) and tempering at not less than 1100F (595C), or designation H when oil quenched from 1850 to 1950F (1010 to 1065C) and tempered
at not more than 700F (370C).
A 473
TABLE 3 Response to Heat Treatment
TypeA
403
410
410S
414
416
416 Se
420
431
440A
440B
440C
UNS
S40300
S41000
S41008
S41400
S41600
S41623
S42000
S43100
S44002
S44003
S44004
Heat TreatmentB
Temperature
F (C)
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
1750
1825
1875
1875
1875
1875
(955)
(955)
(955)
(955)
(955)
(955)
(955)
(1020)
(1020)
(1020)
(1020)
Quenchant
Air
Air
Oil
Oil
Air
Air
Air
Oil
Air
Oil
Air
Hardness
HRC,
min
35
35
25 max
42
35
35
50
40
55
56
58
A
Samples for testing shall be in the form of a section not exceeding 38 in. (9.50
min) in thickness.
B
Temperature tolerance is 625F (14C).
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical
composition specified in Table 1.
7.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
required by this specification shall be in accordance with
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
13. Retreatment
A 473
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