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AIAA JOURNAL
1565
I. Introduction
Received April 30, 1982; revision received Oct. 12, 1982. Copyright
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 1982.
All rights reserved.
* Staff Scientist; presently with General Electric Research and
Development Center, Schenectady, New York. Member AIAA.
tAssociate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Member
AIAA.
II.
Experimental Facilities
Two-Dimensional Combustor
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AIAA JOURNAL
x/H
III.
Error Sources
Results
Schlieren photographs were made for each of the combusting operating conditions. For each condition both short
(60 pts) and long time exposures were taken. Figures 3 and 4
show typical short and long exposure records for the
jR% = 22,000 case.
Initial Conditions
NOVEMBER 1983
]
1 .0
2
1
I
D
* *
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1 .0
20
0.8-
16
DO,
0.8
~"
Re H = 2.2x I04
X
X
0.6
<f>
- It
D
D
D
- \
"
%>1
0.2
2.41
D
D
D
D
ft ft
0.0
Blasius
x
X
0.2
12
8* = 0.42 mm
0.4
<t> s 0.57
= 0
^T^?^fc=.x ID | D | D tf ^ |
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.01
0
I
2
Y/S*
1.2
U/U0
1 .01
0.6-
U/Uo
0.2-
X/H
Data Rate
Y/8*
(kHz)
m/s
</>
ReH
Ree
6*,
mm
9.1
9.1
13.3
13.3
22.2
22.2
0.0
0.57
0.0
0.57
0.0
0.57
15,000
15,000
22,000
22,000
37,000
37,000
140
150
180
190
280
250
0.63
0.62
0.50
0.55
0.47
0.42
Uo;
H12
Freestream
Boundary
layer
2.58
2.50
2.46
2.48
2.42
2.41
0.015
0.030
0.020
0.030
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.055
0.080
0.070
1 .2
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terline results for the whole test section are shown in Fig. 8.
The dashed line shown in the reacting flow indicates the upper
edge of the flame boundary determined from long exposure
schlieren photographs such as Fig. 4.
A single profile one step height downstream is shown in
more detail in Fig. 9 which includes the LDV data rate. Both
the time integrated mean and numerical mean (Euf/N) are in
good agreement. Only the numerical means are shown in the
rest of the data.
The centerline profiles were integrated for each isothermal
condition to obtain the mass flow rate. The integrated values
ranged from 8 to 25% below the flow meter measurements.
This deficit appears to be caused by lower recirculation rates
near the side walls. Figures lOa and lOb show the mean axial
velocity profiles at x/H= 3 in the y and z planes, respectively,
for the ReH = 22,000 case. The deviation from twodimensional behavior is probably due to the low aspect ratio
of the tunnel. Only at aspect ratios greater than 10 have threedimensional effects been found to be small.18
The maximum reverse velocity in the nonreacting flow is
0.33 U0 which is higher than the value (0.25 U0) reported
elsewhere,19 also probably due to the low aspect ratio of this
flow. As seen in Fig. lOb the reverse velocity is Q.3U0 on the
centerline and decreases to 0.2U0 at z/H=2.Q. In the reacting
flow the maximum reverse velocities are higher due to heat
release and range from 0.39 to 0.48(/0 for the three Reynolds
numbers.
The stream wise volumetric recirculation in the isothermal
flow is 6.16t/0//(per unit width) which is twice that reported
by Moss and Baker.20 Moss and Baker's reverse velocity
(Q.2U0) is lower than normal (0.25U 0 ) but most of the
AIAA JOURNAL
IV. Discussion
The schlieren photographs indicate that the mixing layer
develops initially very much like a free layer with zero velocity
on one side (half-jet mixing). Unlike half-jet flows, however,
the upper velocity, U1, does vary slightly with jc, the flow is
a)
Non re.act i ng
.
i.i ;
1?
*-
Reacting, * * 0.57
>
>
r^
/ > ^~~>
1 .2
3
8 .*!
V/Uo
4
4
X/H
a) Non-reacting
b) Reacting, 4*0.57
LC
a)
1
Pa
3.0
a
D
a
a
7
T
W
<t> = o
a) Non- reacting
77
2 . 0 i
\^
\ C 7 ^
b) Reacting,* = 0.57
7 .
1 .0
77 ._
7 ^~~--^^^
77
^~~~-
-Y/H=-0.7
77
( ^
^) /
0.0
-0.5
-0 .4
b)
a
1
0. 0
0.4
0.8
1.
U/U 0
8.2
Vrm$/U0
8)
X/H
NOVEMBER 1983
Growth Rate
.-/() I.
(2)
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are 1.1 to 1.3 Ul and in the reacting flow 1.1 to 1.5/7. Here<5 w
is estimated using the maximum velocity in the recirculation
zone near the mixing layer edge.
The velocity thicknesses for the isothermal and reacting
conditions are shown in Figs. 14 and 15, respectively. The
isothermal curves have a fairly linear region of growth which
rolls over when wall effects become important. If a straight
line is fitted to the linear region, then the virtual origin for all
three Reynolds numbers occurs downstream of the step.
The reacting curves also show a fairly linear region of
growth followed by rollover as <5w approaches H. The main
difference is that the virtual origin is shifted downstream and
that the linear region is shorter.
One may characterize the growth rate by the slope of the
linear region, <5^. Estimates for both our isothermal and
reacting flows vary from 0.26 to 0.29 and are practically the
same for the isothermal and reacting cases at each Reynolds
number. These growth rates are much higher than those
reported previously. Only the growth rates of tripped half-jet
mixing layers17 approach this value (b'w = 0.23).
The excess growth of the isothermal layer may be traced to
the nonzero velocities in the recirculation zone. Mixing layers
at high Reynolds numbers are self-similar and their growth
rate is dependent on the parameters
(3)
and
\=(U1-U2)/(U1
(4)
4
1 .2
1 .0
8^=0.28
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
3
X/H
1 .2,
1 .0-
0.8-
ReH
15,000
22,000
37,000
0=0
6.5
7.0
6.8
0 = 0.57
4.3
4.5
, 5.3
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Reattachment
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Science Foundation
Grant ENG 77-02019 and NASA Grant NSG-3227. The
authors wish to thank research scientist Gary Hubbard and
graduate student Jay Keller for their support and helpful
conversations. We are indebted to D. Jensen, K. Horn, and V.
Locke for their technical assistance.
References
1
AIAA JOURNAL