STRAIN ENERGY DUE TO AXIAL FORCE, RESILIENCE

STRAIN ENERGY
When a body is strained, the energy which is observed in the body due to the
strain effect is called strain energy.
Strain Energy , U = (2/2E) x Volume
STRAIN ENERGY DUE TO TENSION (or) AXIALLY LOADED BARS:l

Total strain energy =

12 x Wx wdx / AE
0

Note: Energy observed / Energy stored = x Load x External small length (dx)
External small lingth , dx = wdx/AE
l

Energy stored , Ua =

Wx wdx / AE
0

ELONGATION OF BAR, l:l = WL/AE

GRADUALLY APPLIED LOADS:Let a vertical bar of area of cross-section A be rigidly held at one end and
carry a gradually applied load P at the other end resulting in final extension of length l
by l. If be the stress in the bar then P = x A.
Now energy stored in the bar is
U = Work done by gradually applied axial load P
= Average load x Elongation

Note: Load is gradually applied, it uniformly increases

from zero to P, Hence average load is P/2

= P/2 x l = ( x A) x Pl/AE
= ( x A) x l/E = 2/2E x Al
U = 2/2E x Volume of the bar
Modulus of resilience = 2/2E.
SUDDENLY APPLIED LOADS:Let a bar of cross-section A be rigidly held at one end and carry a suddenly
applied axial load P at the other end causing an instantaneous elongation of l in a
length l. If be the instantaneous stress in the bar when the bar when the load P has
just been applied then on equating the strain energy in the work done by the applied
load , we have:
U = Work done by load
= (/2) x A x l = P x l
Note: Stress in the bar is zero when the bar is unstretched and increases with
increase in stretching. The stress is finally the maximum when the bar had fully
stretched by length l.Thus average stress in bar is /2.
Therefore, = 2P/A.
Instantaneous elongation, l = (/E) x l = 2Pl/AE.
Conclusion: Instantaneous stress and elongation produced in a bar subjected to
suddenly applied load is thus twice of that produced by the same load applied gradually.
RESILIENCE
The total strain energy stored in a body is known as Resilience. Whenever the
strained force is removed from strained body, it is capable of doing work.

The resilience is also defined as the capacity of strained body for doing work
on the removal of strained force.

PROOF RESILIENCE:The maximum strain energy stored in a body is known as Proof resilience.
The strain energy stored in a body will be maximum when the body is tested
upto the elastic limit. Hence the proof resilience is the quantity of strain energy in a body
when strained upto the elastic limit.
MODULUS OF RESILIENCE:It is defined as the proof resilience of a material per unit volume.
Modulus of resilience = Proof resilience / Volume of the body.