Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sinclair et al.
[57]
[52]
[58]
324/338, 339, 344
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
2,582,314 1/1952 Doll ..................................... 324/339
4,472,684 9/1984 Schuster ......................... 324/323 X
ABSTRACT
Houston, Tex.
[56]
5,065,099
| ,4AD
Shoulder
SkfM
PoWE&
Stippt. Y
EFFECT
(GRRECTION
16
PASE
SEWSiri VE
t retro
RECORDER H. 3,
U.S. Patent
she ori
5,065,099
COMPUTER
SHOULDER
POWER
AWD SKIN
SUPPLY
EFFECT
RECORDER -
34
CORRECTION
&
FIG. 7
^.
$
16
LN
%
%
%z
QS
|=-|-H-H,
$
^
&
S-2
A:
S, - 10
SA || OSCILLATOR
ZS/SS/SS/SS/SS
%
SENSITIVE || K
DETECTOR? t
78
14
40
%&^% S^^
U.S. Patent
Sheet 2 of 7
5,065,099
U.S. Patent
707
82.
5,065,099
U.S. Patent
she or
5,065,099
DEF/WE :
03 =- 5,
s
:
$3
G.
= G. * ====
329 g
329 b
329 f
YES
329
329 e
YES
3290
COUT = Go 4
5,065,099
ence.
15
20
30
35
45
50
55
rays.
65
5,065,099
3
with the sharper vertical resolution and degrading it to
match the vertical response of the second array. This
4
receiver circuit connected to the receiver coil assembly
15
20
25
30
35
55
cal resolution.
65
5,065,099
6
site sense as to the main receiver coil 50. These bucking
5
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that
the dimensions of FIG. 1 are exaggerated to enable a
15
cal about the main receiver coil 50. Further, both the
30
35
50
X. NiMH = 0
j L13;
where Nti is the number of turns on the ith transmitter,
will be discussed.
55
20
65
5,065,099
15
lel and coaxial with the axis of the tool. In such forma
30
50
55
60
5,065,099
9
the vertical focusing without destroying the radial fo
cusing and vice versa.
Another unique feature of the SY type array is that
the width of the main beam of the vertical geometric
factor is the distance between the two bucking coils.
This distance between the two bucking coils determines
the vertical resolution of the array and in the depicted
10
non-linearity of the tool response may be expressed as
GD(ora)F(ora).
10
15
(i)
20
software.
and
45
ity Ort.
50
55
60
(4a).
(4b)
F(q)=F(oro--6)
(3b)
30
are expressed.
65
tion form as
5,065,099
11
ort- 6 -- A = oro--A
12
(6a)
(6b).
(6c).
where ko-jwuoro
JW pu is a constant and 3 is a function of
By taking the ratio of equation (6c) to equation (4c), 13 (p, z), equation (9) can be written as
one obtains
V*Ad-i-koAd= p?324d,
AF(oro)
orm F(oro)
(10)
(7)
#FF- = Hi-H
.
Solving for A,
A = 8-1- *----:
T * F(q) F(aro)
F(q) or
(8a)
V?Aq,0)-i-koA(0)=p.J
pri
'
(11a)
25
V*A*(*)+koAd)- 32.43,07- )
82
( 1 b)
(8b)
A = F(q) or
4(n)
4 = .204
27 ejkoRO
aikof
(12a)
A$"(p. z) = + O - cos(d0)ado
x:
27
kof
(12b)
where
4%. , ---o--:
(13)
counter i is incremented in processing step 329(f) and
2Ro
t is set equal to oro-- A. If, on the other hand, the maxi
mum number of iterations has occurred, control goes go where Ro- Vp?--p2. For a small receiver located at
from processing step 329(e) to processing step 329(d)
wherein a value is assigned to the output conductivity z = L and radius pr0, Ad) can be simplified as:
O'out.
(14)
Various models are known which may be used for the A?'(pr. L) =
function F(or). Such models include, for example, a
complex set of Maxwell's equations which, for purposes 65
PRPI (1
of real time processing in a well logging environment,
are impractical to solve. Thus, a model better suited to
real time well logging is needed.
-
#3
5,065,099
13
14
-continued
R
oc
g ?
oc
Lp
2R03R13
10
(19)
by
-- oc
ec
2:
J.J.
where 3, -
20
rt
(20a) -
Qp.Fp T
(20b)
- oc
35
pre:
Ro? R23
27 egkorn
J. Rn
(16)
Ji (Ap).J1(Apn)da
40
45
50
nored, then
5,065,099
15
are sufficient for modeling the response of an induction
10
-vOzT-zirizi1849)
O
15
J3
dA
it is multiplied by a factor
20
-- x:
25
factor defined as
gn(zi, . . . . 2n) =
30
35
42
45
exc
e.
50
joul
(z1, z2) and h7(z1, z2) is shown in FIG. 6. These are the
2nd-order responses of the conventional deep induction
tool to the Oklahoma Formation. The two results are
g:(zi,z) = ;
remarkably close.
A3
+.
to
the
Triangular
inequality
60
65
5,065,099
17
18
for shoulder effect by applying the filter for the R signal
12049, 1983. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,471,436 and U.S. Pat.
30
trated in FIG. 2.
35
four bucking receiver coils 126, 128, 132 and 134. The
3, 166,709. The filtered conductivity signal at a particu main receiver coils 124 and 130 are located symmetri
lar depth is obtained by taking a weighted average of cally about the transmitter coil 120 with the bucking
the readings surrounding the depth of interest. The 40 receiver coils 126, 128 and 132, 134 symmetrically ar
ranged about the main receivers 120 and 130. Again, the
main receiver coils 124 and 130 are spaced by a distance
marized by
bucking receiver coils 126, 128 and 132, 134 are con
nected to two separate receiver circuits 104 and 106 that
combine the recorded signal with the phase reference
rt
r:
ori
60
5,065,099
19
depth-shifted measurements from the upper receiver
coil 124 is then averaged with the measurement from
the lower receiver coil 130. According to the principle
of superposition, the averaged measurement is identical
to the measurement made by the receiver coil in the first
implementation illustrated in FIG. 2. This is because, in
the first implementation, the receiver array is symmetri
20
into the formation than will be experienced with trans
mitter coil pair 246 and receiver 248. In this manner,
10
5,065,099
21
ceiver coil 248 because bucking coils 250 are located
closer to transmitter coil pair 244 and transmitter pair
246, making their mutual coupling per turn greater.
Thus, as transmitter 216 provides an alternating current
to each transmitter coil the resultant induced voltage in
the receiver coil array (coils 248 and 250) from the
22
this type are rationetric and it is necessary therefore to
received signal.
10
20
25
30
35
23
5,065,099
10
24
being connected in series with said main coil,
wherein said first pair of coils are wound in op
posite sense to the main coil, one of said first pair
of coils being positioned a distance d above the
main coil and the other of said first pair of coils
being positioned the distance d below the main
coil; and
an outboard coil system having:
a second pair of coils, each coil of said second
pair of coils having the same number of wind
15
distance d,
30
and
35