ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

1. Scope of anatomy and physiology, basic terminologies used in this subject (Description of the body as
such planes and terminologies)
2. Structure of cell its components and their functions.
3. Elementary tissues of the human body: epithelial, connective, Muscular and nervous tissues-their subtypes and characteristics
4. a) Osseous system - structure, composition and functions of the Skeleton. (done in practical classes 6hrs)
b) Classification of joints, Types of movements of joints and disorders of joints (Definitions only)
5. Haemopoetic System a) Composition and functions of blood b) Haemopoesis and disorders of blood
components (definition of disorder) c) Blood groups d) Clotting factors and mechanism e) Platelets and
disorders of coagulation
6. Lymph a) Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, formation and circulation. b) Spleen: structure and
functions, Disorders c) Disorders of lymphatic system (definition only)
7. Cardiovascular system a) Anatomy and functions of heart b) Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary,
coronary and systemic circulation) c) Electrocardiogram (ECG) d) Cardiac cycle and heart sounds e)
Blood pressure its maintenance and regulation f) Definition of the following disorders Hypertension,
Hypotension, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Angina, Myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure,
Cardiac arrhythmias
8. Respiratory system a) Anatomy of respiratory organs and functions b) Mechanism / physiology of
respiration and regulation of respiration c) Transport of respiratory gases d) Respiratory volumes and
capacities, and Definition of: Hypoxia, Asphyxia, Dybarism, Oxygen therapy and resuscitation.
9. Digestive system a) Anatomy and physiology of GIT b) Anatomy and functions of accessory glands of
GIT c) Digestion and absorption d) Disorders of GIT (definitions only)
10. Nervous system a) Definition and classification of nervous system b) Anatomy, physiology and
functional areas of cerebrum c) Anatomy and physiology of cerebellum d) Anatomy and physiology of
mid brain e) Thalamus, hypothalamus and Basal Ganglia f) Spinal card: Structure & reflexes monopoly-planter g) Cranial nerves names and functions h) ANS Anatomy & functions of sympathetic &
parasympathetic N.S.
11. Urinary system a) Anatomy and physiology of urinary system b) Formation of urine c) Renin
Angiotensin system Juxtaglomerular apparatus - acid base Balance d) Clearance tests and micturition
12. Endocrine system a) Pituitary gland b) Adrenal gland c) Thyroid and Parathyroid glands d) Pancreas and
gonads
13. Reproductive system a) Male and female reproductive system b) Their hormones Physiology of
menstruation c) Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis d) Sex determination (genetic basis) e) Pregnancy and
maintenance and parturition f) Contraceptive devices
14. Sense organs a) Eye b) Ear c) Skin d) Tongue & Nose
15. Skeletal muscles a) Histology b) Physiology of Muscle contraction c) Physiological properties of
skeletal muscle and their disorders (definitions)
16. Sports physiology a) Muscles in exercise, Effect of athletic training on muscles and muscle performance,
b) Respiration in exercise, CVS in exercise, Body heat in exercise, Body fluids and salts in exercise, c)
Drugs and athletics

List of Experiments:
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Study of tissues of human body (a) Epithelial tissue. (b) Muscular tissue.
Study of tissues of human body (a) Connective tissue. (b) Nervous tissue.
Study of appliances used in hematological experiments.
Determination of W.B.C. count of blood.
Determination of R.B.C. count of blood.
Determination of differential count of blood.
Determination of (a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. (b) Hemoglobin content of Blood. (c) Bleeding

time & Clotting time.

8. Determination of (a) Blood Pressure. (b) Blood group.
9. Study of various systems with the help of charts, models & specimens (a) Skeleton system part I-axial
skeleton. (b) Skeleton system part II- appendicular skeleton. (c) Cardiovascular system. (d) Respiratory
system. (e) Digestive system. (f) Urinary system. (g) Nervous system. (h) Special senses. (i)
Reproductive system.
10. Study of different family planning appliances.
11. To perform pregnancy diagnosis test.
12. Study of appliances used in experimental physiology.
13. To record simple muscle curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
14. To record simple summation curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
15. To record simple effect of temperature using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
16. To record simple effect of load & after load using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.
17. To record simple fatigue curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Basic principles of cell injury and Adaptation a) Causes, Pathogenesis and morphology of cell injury b)
Abnormalities in lipoproteinaemia, glycogen infiltration and glycogen infiltration and glycogen
infiltration and glycogen storage diseases
2. Inflammation a) Pathogenesis of acute inflammation, Chemical mediators in inflammation, Types of
chronic inflammation b) Repairs of wounds in the skin, factors influencing healing of wounds
3. Diseases of Immunity a) Introduction to Tand B cells b) MHC proteins or transplantation antigens c)
Immune tolerance - Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity type I, II, III, IV, Biological significance, Allergy
due to food, chemicals and drugs - Autoimmunity Criteria for autoimmunity, Classifications of
autoimmune diseases in man, mechanism of autoimmunity, Transplantation and immunologic tolerance,
allograft rejections, transplantation antigens, mechanism of rejection of allograft. - Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Amylodosis
4. Cancer: differences between benign and malignant tumors, Histological diagnosis of malignancy,
invasions and metastasis, patterns of spread, disturbances of growth of cells, classification of tumors,
general biology of tumors, spread of malignant tumors, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer.
5. Types of shock, mechanisms, stages and management
6. Biological effects of radiation
7. Environmental and nutritional diseases i) Air pollution and smoking- SO2,NO, NO2, and CO ii) Protein
calorie malnutrition, vitamins, obesity, pathogenesis of starvation.
8. Pathophysiology of common diseases a. Parkinsonism b. Schizophrenia c. Depression and mania d.
Hypertension, e. Stroke (ischaemic and hemorrhage) f. Angina, CCF, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial
infarction g. Diabetes Mellitus h. Peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel diseases i. Cirrhosis and
Alcoholic liver diseases j. Acute and chronic renal failure k. Asthma and chronic obstructive airway
diseases.
9. Infectious diseases : Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV,Syphilis,Gonorrhea), Urinary tract infections,
Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria Dysentery (bacterial and amoebic ), Hepatitisinfective hepatitis.

PHARMACOLOGY-II
1. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Blood and blood forming agents a) Anticoagulants b) Thrombolytics
and antiplatelet agents c) Haemopoietics and plasma expanders
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Renal System a) Diuretics b) Antidiuretics
3. Chemotherapy a) Introduction b) Sulfonamides and co-trimoxazole c) Penicillins and Cephalosporins d)
Tetracyclins and Chloramphenicol e) Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Polyene & Polypeptide antibiotics f)
Quinolines and Fluroquinolines g) Antifungal antibiotics h) Antiviral agents i) Chemotherapy of
tuberculosis and leprosy j) Chemotherapy of Malaria k) Chemotherapy of protozoal infections
(amoebiasis, Giardiasis) l) Pharmacology of Anthelmintic drugs m) Chemotherapy of cancer
(Neoplasms)
4. Immunopharmacology Pharmacology of immunosuppressants and stimulants
5. Principles of Animal toxicology Acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity
6. The dynamic cell: The structures and functions of the components of the cell a) Cell and
macromolecules: Cellular classification, subcellular organelles, macromolecules, large macromolecular
assemblies b) Chromosome structure: Pro and eukaryotic chromosome structures, chromatin structure,
genome complexity, the flow of genetic information. c) DNA replication: General, bacterial and
eukaryotic DNA replication. d) The cell cycle: Restriction point, cell cycle regulators and modifiers. e)
Cell signaling: Communication between cells and their environment, ion-channels, signal transduction
pathways (MAP kinase, P38 kinase, JNK, Ras and PI3-kinase pathways, biosensors.
The Gene: Genome structure and function: a) Gene structure: Organization and elucidation of genetic
code. b) Gene expression: Expression systems (pro and eukaryotic), genetic elements that control gene
expression (nucleosomes, histones, acetylation, HDACS, DNA binding protein families. c) Transcription
and Transcription factors: Basic principles of transcription in pro and eukaryotes. Transcription factors
that regulate transcription in pro and eukaryotes. RNA processing: rRNA, tRNA and mRNA processing.
Protein synthesis: Mechanisms of protein synthesis, initiation in eukaryotes, translation control and posttranslation events Altered gene functions: Mutations, deletions, amplifications, LOH, traslocations,
trinucleotide repeats and other genetic abnormalities. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The gene
sequencing, mapping and cloning of human disease genes. Introduction to gene therapy and targeting.
Recombinant DNA technology: principles. Processes (gene transfer technology) and applications

List of Experiments:
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Study of laboratory animals and their handling (a. Frogs, b. Mice, c. Rats, d. Guinea pigs, e. Rabbits).
Study of physiological salt solutions used in experimental pharmacology.
Study of laboratory appliances used in experimental pharmacology.
Study of use of anesthetics in laboratory animals.
To record the dose response curve of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation.
To carry out bioassay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by interpolation

method.
7. To carry out bioassay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by three point
method.
8. To record the dose response curve of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
9. Study of agonistic and antagonistic effects of drugs using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation.
10. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation by interpolation method.
11. To carry out bioassay of Histamine using guinea-pig ileum preparation by three point method.
12. To study the routes of administration of drugs in animals (Rats, Mice, Rabbits).
13. Study of theory, principle, procedure involved and interpretation of given results for the following
experiments: a) Analgesic property of drug using analgesiometer. b) Antiinflammatory effect of drugs
using rat-paw edema method. c) Anticonvulsant activity of drugs using maximal electroshock and
pentylene tetrazole methods. d) Antidepressant activity of drugs using pole climbing apparatus and
pentobarbitone induced sleeping time methods. e) Locomotor activity evaluation of drugs using
actophotometer and rotorod. f) Cardiotonic activity of drugs using isolated frog heart and mammalian
heart preparations.

HOSPITAL PHARMACY
1. Hospital - its Organisation and functions
2. Hospital pharmacy-Organisation and management
a) Organizational structure-Staff, Infrastructure & work load statistics b) Management of materials and
finance c) Roles & responsibilities of hospital pharmacist
3. The Budget Preparation and implementation
4. Hospital drug policy
a) Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee (PTC) b) Hospital formulary c) Hospital committees - Infection
committee - Research and ethical committee d) developing therapeutic guidelines e) Hospital pharmacy
communication - Newsletter
5. Hospital pharmacy services
a) Procurement & warehousing of drugs and Pharmaceuticals b) Inventory control Definition, various
methods of Inventory Control ABC, VED, EOQ, Lead time, safety stock c) Drug distribution in the
hospital i) Individual prescription method ii) Floor stock method iii) Unit dose drug distribution method
d) Distribution of Narcotic and other controlled substances e) Central sterile supply services Role of
pharmacist
6. Manufacture of Pharmaceutical preparations
a) Sterile formulations large and small volume parenterals b) Manufacture of Ointments, Liquids, and
creams c) Manufacturing of Tablets, granules, capsules, and powders d) Total parenteral nutrition
7. Continuing professional development programs -Education and training
8. Radio Pharmaceuticals Handling and packaging
9. Professional Relations and practices of hospital pharmacist

HOSPITAL PHARMACY (PRACTICAL)

1. Assessment of drug interactions in the given prescriptions
2. Manufacture of parenteral formulations, powders.
3. Drug information queries.
4. Inventory control