Earthquakes and Volcanoes!

Name ___________________________________________Date____________________Period____________Day
1. Where do most earthquakes begin? _____________________________________________________________
Most earthquakes occur along the edges of ___________________________________.
2. Focus The point beneath earths surface where rock is under __________________ and breaks, triggering an
earthquake.
3. Deformation The ________________,
and
Two types: plastic (changes rock shape) and elastic (causes earthquakes)
4. Epicenter

of the Earths crust.

The point on the surface _________________ above the focus.

5. Seismic Waves A
directions.

of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake in all

6. Fault A
in the Earth's crust along which blocks of rock move. The release of energy that
accompanies the movement of the rock along a fault causes___________________________________.
7. How do earthquakes cause damage? The severe
produced by
damage or destroy buildings and bridges, topple utility poles, and fracture gas and water mains.

waves can

8. __________________ is an earthquake that occurs after a larger onehours, days, or even months later.
9. Tsunamis
Occurs when a earthquake on the _______________________________causes the floor to rise
slightly, pushing the water out of the way which can cause these large waves to form.
10. ___________________is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface.
11. Magma is a _________________ mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
12. Lava is ____________ that has reached the surface.
13. Constructive Volcanic activity is a constructive force that adds new rock to existing land and
forms_________________________________________.
14. Ring of Fire Volcanoes occur in belts that extend across _______________________________________. The
Ring of Fire is one major volcanic belt that rims the Pacific Ocean.
15. Where are volcanoes located? Most volcanoes occur along
mid-ocean ridge, or in
edges of oceans.

plate boundaries, such as the

(one plate moving under another) around the

16. Hot Spots is an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch. Often
found in the_________________
_ not along plate boundaries.
17. Where does magma come from? Lava begins as
asthenosphere.

in the

. It forms in the

18. Temperature The hotter the _______________, the more ___________________ it is.
19. Silica The more silica magma contains, the _____________ it is and the slower it moves. It also determines
whether the volcanic eruption is quiet or explosive.

20. Quiet Eruptions Magma flows out easily because the gases bubble out of the magma__________________.
21. Explosive Eruptions - Thick magma _______________________ of volcano instead of flowing out.
22. Pyroclastic flow Eruption hurls out ash cinders, and bombs as well as gases.
23. Hot springs Forms when groundwater heated by a nearby body of ______________rises to the surface and
collects in a natural pool.
24. Geyser A fountain of water and steam that _____________________________________________________.

Review and Essential Questions:

1. Which plate boundaries make earthquakes?

2. Which plate boundaries make volcanoes?

3. What is the correlation between plate tectonics and events like earthquakes and volcanoes?

4. What effect does convection currents in the upper mantle have on the crust?

5. Shelly is in Hawaii on vacation with her family. What type of rock would she most likely find on the surface of
Hawaii?

6. How is the process of mountain building different from that of volcanic activity?

7. The middle of tectonic plates tend to have fewer mountains than locations near plate boundaries. How can you explain
this observation?

8. How can geologists predict events that will occur at convergent, divergent and transform boundaries?

9. What evidence is there to support the theory of plate tectonics?