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Forces and Moments

ES 10 Lecture 2

Force
action of a body on another
an influence that causes a change in
motion and/or deformation
magnitude, direction, point of application

Principle of Transmissibility
The effect of a force on a body does not
change as long as it acts along the same
line of action

Effect of Collinear Forces

1N

1N

2N

2N

Effect of Collinear Forces

1N

(+1 N)

2N

1N

(+1 N) =

+2 N

Balanced vs Unbalanced Forces

Balanced vs Unbalanced Forces

1N

1N

+
(+1 N)+(-1 N)
1N1N=0N

0N
3N

1N

+
(+1 N)+(-3 N)
1 N 3 N = -2 N
2N

Parallelogram Law of
Vector Addition

Parallelogram Law of
Vector Addition

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Parallelogram Law of
Vector Addition
= +
= cos
= sin
Rectangular
components of F

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Moment

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Moment (of a Force)

Tendency of a force
to rotate a body
about a certain axis
Magnitude, direction

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Magnitude of a Moment
Impossible

Easy

Easier

Easiest

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Magnitude of a Moment
Impossible

Easy

Easier

Easiest

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Magnitude of a Moment
Impossible

Easy

Easier

Easiest

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Magnitude of a Moment

Proportional to
Distance of the force
Magnitude of the force
Direction of the force

= cos

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Direction of a Moment
Moment
Moment arm

Force

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Direction of a Moment

Twisting
(due to Torque)

Bending
(due to Bending Moment)

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Applications of Moments

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Couples and their Moments

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Couple

Pair of forces that have

Equal magnitudes
Opposite direction
Parallel lines of action

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Couples
Resultant force = 0
No translation

Resultant moment = Fd
Causes rotation

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Example
Explain the
upward
acceleration
of the rocket.

Weight + Drag

Weight + Drag

Net force

Net Rocket Thrust

2x

Weight + Drag

Rocket Thrusts

Rocket Thrusts

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Example

Example - when a rocket fails

Net force and couple

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Forces and Moments

ES 10 Lecture 2