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Revision
No.

Date of issue

Reason for change

R01

04/05/2009

Issued for IDC/PMT

SDA-TPEF-PLI_UGHG1-EA4606-00001-000-A01

Fault Level Calculations

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1.0

Introduction:
This study is to determine the fault level at the Ughelli Pump Station electrical power distribution
system in order to assist in equipment sizing and selection for the Ughelli-Utorogu NAG Pipeline
System project.
The overall single line diagram for the Ughelli Pump Station is shown in Fig. 1 below:

1 MVA
Xd = 15%

1.25MVA
Z = 5%

SB-401
415V,50Hz

SB-403
415V,50Hz

SB-411
415V,50Hz

Fig. 1: Ughelli Pump Station Key Single Line Diagram

2.0

References
1. Ughelli Pump Station Key Single Line diagram (SDA-TPEF-PLI_UGHG1-EA2384-00001-001)
2. ABB XLPE Cable Systems Catalogue

3.0

Assumptions and Formulae

3.1

Assumptions
1. Base MVAb = 10MVA
2. Generator sub-transient reactance is assumed to be 15%
3. Transformer impedance is 5% (DEP 33.65.40.31)
4. Motor contribution is 20% on SB-403 and SB-411 LV Switchgear
5. Power Factor (Cos ) = 0.8
6. Composite and XLPE cables have same characteristics.

SDA-TPEF-PLI_UGHG1-EA4606-00001-000-A01

Fault Level Calculations

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7. The distance between the generator house and the switchgear room is short (less than
100m); therefore impedances of all connecting cables between generator and switchgear
have been neglected.
8. The distance between SB-401 and SB-403 is short (less than 100m); therefore impedances
of all connecting cables between the two switchboards have been neglected.
9. All tie breakers are closed and all generating sets running
3.2

Formulae used
The calculations are based on the MVA base systems.
The formulae used are given below:
For Generators:

Zpu =

% impedance rating
BaseMVA
Equation 1

100
Gnererator MVA rating

For Cables:

Zpu = Z

MVAbase

.Equation 2

kV 2

Where kV is line voltage

Where applicable, series MVA ratings are combined like parallel impedances while parallel MVA
ratings are combined like series impedances.
i.e. series combination of MVA1 and MVA2 is given as:

MVAT =

MVA1 MVA2
MVA1 + MVA2

.Equation 3

While parallel combination is given as:

MVAT = MVA1 + MVA2

Equation

MVA fault rating is given as:

MVAsc =

MVAbase
Zpu

.Equation 5

Short circuit current is given as:

Isc =

MVAsc
3 KV

.Equation 6

Peak Assymetric short circuit current is given as:

Ip = 1.8 2 Isc
Zpu =

.Equation 7

Z1 Z 2 Z 3 Z 4
Z 2 Z 3 Z 4 + Z1Z 3 Z 4 + Z1Z 2 Z 4 + Z1Z 2 Z 3

SDA-TPEF-PLI_UGHG1-EA4606-00001-000-A01

Equation 8

Fault Level Calculations

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4.0

Fault Calculations

4.1

Per Unit Impedance Calculations using base MVA of 10MVA

1 MVA Gas Generator:

From equation 1,the per unit impedance for each gas generator,

Zpu =

Zpu =

% impedance rating
BaseMVA

100
MVA rating

15 10 = 1.5pu

100 1

1.25MVA Transformer

Zpu =

5
10 = 0.4 pu

100 1.25

The circuit resulting from the above calculation is as shown below in Fig 2:

1.5pu
Generator

0.4pu
Transformer

SB-401 415V, 50Hz

Fig 2: Ughelli Pump Station Equivalent Key Single Line Diagram

From equation 8,
Zpu =

Z1 Z 2
Z1 + Z 2
Where Z 1

= 1.5 , Z 2 = 0.4 ,

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Fault Level Calculations

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Z pu = 0.32pu

The equivalent circuit resulting from the above calculation is as shown below:

0.32pu

SB-401 415V, 50Hz

SB-403 415V, 50Hz

SB-411 415V, 50Hz

M
L

MVAsc of Ughelli Pump Station Main LV Board (SB-401)

From Equations 5 & 6, Fault level and Short circuit current based on the above equivalent circuit
are:
MVAsc =

10 = 31.25MVA, and the Isc = 31.25 = 43.48kA (RMS)

3 0.415
0.32

MVAsc of SB-403
Total MVAsc seen at SB-403 (MVAsc) = Total MVAsc seen at SB-401 + Motor contributions
MVAsc = 31.25MVA and

Isc =

31.25

= 43.48kA (RMS)

3 0.415

In view of the presence of electric motors, applying a factor of 1.2 to allow for motor contributions,
MVAsc = 1.2 x 31.25 =37.5MVA
Isc

= 1.2 x 43.48kA = 52.18kA (RMS)

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Fault Level Calculations

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5.0

MVAsc of SB-411.
For equation 2, the per unit impedance for Cables:

Zpu = Z

MVAbase
kV 2

Where kV is line voltage ,

2

Z = cable impendance for a 35mm multicore armoured is given as 0.524/km (ABB XLPE Cable
Systems Catalogue)
For 150m of cable,
Zpu = 0.524 0.15

10
0.415 2

= 4.56pu

Total MVAsc seen by a fault condition at SB-411

Fault contribution from the Generator seen at SB-411

10
= 2.05
0.32 + 4.56

Total MVAsc at SB-411 = 2.05MVA

Isc =

2.05

= 2.85kA (RMS)

3 0.415

In view of the presence of electric motors, applying a factor of 1.2 to allow for motor contributions,
MVAsc = 1.2 x 2.05MVA =2.46MVA
Isc

= 1.2 x 2.85kA = 3.42kA (RMS)

Using Equation 7,
Peak making current = 1.8x2x3.42 = 8.71kA
Summary of the Fault Level at SB-411

Bus Sections

MVA short
circuit
(MVAsc)

RMS Short
circuit
Current (kA)

SB-411, 415V

2.46

3.42

SDA-TPEF-PLI_UGHG1-EA4606-00001-000-A01

Peak
Asymmetric
Short Circuit
Current (kA)
8.71

Recommended
switchgear
rating (kA)
16kA

Fault Level Calculations

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