SE - Summer 2016

4THE
4
33
ULTIMATE GUIDE FOR STAYING ALIVE
HOW TO SPOT
HOMEGROWN
TERRORISTS
LESSONS FROM
SAN BERNARDINO
Alternative
Defense
Weapons
Last Man
Standing
BUNKER DOWN
SHELTERS
The First
72
Hours
Cash
Collapse
FOOD, MEDS,
GUNS & AMMO
AS CURRENCY
ACTIVE
SHOOTER
SURVIVAL
PANDEMICS CIVIL COLLAPSE

FOOD & WATER SHORTAGE
MEDICAL CRISIS + MORE
RUN, HIDE, FIGHT!
FAMILY
EVACUATION
STRATEGIES
Prepper Gear
Must-Haves
OPERATION
CHILD SAFE
SURVIVAL SKILLS
YOUR KIDS
MUST MASTER
TENTS4FIRST-AID4BACKPACKS
WATER PURIFICATION4BOWS
HANDGUNS4FIRE STARTERS
MODERN FIREARMS TM PRESENTS
SUMMER 2016
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Anthony Imperato
President of Henry Repeating Arms
Henry .22 Lever Frontier Model with Octagonal Barrel.

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Its not a prideful boast. Its a solemn oath from all of us

at Henry Repeating Arms. Every Henry rie is and always will be
made in America by American workers. Decent, hard working folks
like you who take great pride in their work. We wont follow the path
of other manufacturers who have their products made overseas and
slap their name on them. When you read the rollmark on the barrel
Henry Golden Boy .22 LR /.22 Mag / .17 HMR of a Henry, its going to read Made in the USA.
We start with only the nest ingredients - gun barrel
quality steel from Ohio, genuine American walnut from Missouri
and Iowa, steel castings from Wisconsin and brass components
from Pennsylvania. We manufacture a rie that you will be proud
to own - with the smoothest action, awless reliability, and
pinpoint accuracy.
Henry Big Boy .44 Magnum / .45 C / .357 Mag
We are a family owned business and stand behind every
rie that leaves our plant. Youll nd our customer service
second to none, and well do whatever it takes
to guarantee your complete
satisfaction.
Henry American Beauty .22 S/L/LR
/LUY`6YPNPUHS
Follow us!
We invite you to become part

of the Henry family. Please order
our free catalog, which includes
information about our ries, a list of
dealers in your area and a free
Henry window cling.
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Contents
Natural Disasters
644

NAVIGATING DISASTER
Looking past tomorrows crisis
to plan for future catastrophes.
By Cara Donaldson
1044 BEYOND THE FIRST 72 HOURS
Long-term disaster prepping

means thinking beyond your
bug-out bag.
By Fred Mastison
10
28 44 RAPID RELIEF
6244 CYBER SAFEGUARDS
By Donald J. Mihalek
3244 BUNKER IN OR BUG OUT?
6644 STAND YOUR GROUND
Medical emergency teams

help turn the tide during a
widespread disaster.
How to make the right call to

hit the road or stay at home.
By Charley Hogwood
Protect your personal

information against ruthless
internet criminals.
17 threat-stopping rifles to
secure your home against a
violent attack.
By Will Dabbs, MD
7044 OUT OF THE CROSSHAIRS

Prepare yourself to
escape an active shooter
anywhere, anytime.
By Dr. Martin D. Topper
36
66
3644 SUSTAIN YOUR STASH

Emergency food sources for

long-term survival.
By Russ Adler
Self-Reliance
+ Defense
4444 ENEMIES AMONG US

Identify and report suspicious

activity to disrupt a future
terrorist attack!
4844 ESCAPE A TRANSIT ATTACK

Survive your daily commute with

these lifesaving counterstrikes.
By Dan Vigil
1644 DEADLY OVERFLOW
Prepare for destructive

floodwaters before its too late!
By Will Dabbs, MD
2244 RAGING TWISTERS

Tornados can destroy your

community, home and life
in an instant!
52
By Scott Conditt
22
7444 STAY ALERT, STAY ALIVE
Living in Condition Yellow

could save your life!
By Fred Mastison
8044 CASH COLLAPSE
By Will Dabbs, MD
5844 RIPPED TO PIECES
8444 ARE YOU READY?
By Sara Ahrens
By Scott Conditt
5244 CRISIS GEAR

| 4 | SURVIVORS EDGE | SUMMER 2016 |
Everyday-carry tools to give you

the edge in any situation.
Lifesaving essentials to
help you escape a deadly
canine ambush!
Must-have items to stockpile

for trade and barter when
paper money is worthless.
By Jim Cobb
How to handle panic and

disaster in major cities and
get out alive!
| REALWORLDSURVIVOR.COM |
114
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1
Publisher
Stanley R. Harris
Group Publisher
Shirley Steffen
Associate Publisher
Karin Levine
Editor
Cara Donaldson
Art Director
Socrates Gomez
Graphic Designers
Dawn Blaschick
Evelee Estevez
Brenda Drake Lesch
Copy Editors
Ryan Pasquale, Greg Lickenbrock
Editorial Assistant
Richard Ortega
Backwoods
8844 BEAT BACKCOUNTRY

DISASTERS
Outdoorsman Creek Stewarts
8 must-master survival skills
for beginners.
By Michael DAngona,
with Creek Stewart
9444 SURVIVAL SECURITY

New self-defense tools to

keep you and your cache
safe during a disaster.
By Will Dabbs, MD
10044 HUNTING 101

Dont become the bait!
By Bill Vaznis
10644 BACKCOUNTRY BACKUPS
10 ultra-reliable pocket shots

for off-grid hunting and defense.
By William Bell
11044 NEXT-GEN SURVIVALISTS
The Wildland Awareness and

Educational Institute teaches
wilderness survival skills to
college students.
By Robert A. Sadowski
SOGs quick-access packs

keep you stocked and mobile
in any environment.
By Michael DAngona
11844 CRITICAL CORDAGE

Add paracord and bankline

to your must-have survival cache!
By Jason Hunt
118
Advertising Coordinator
Danielle Connard
Social Media/Online Director
Claudia Bircu
Digital/Mobile Director
Kim Shay
Send retail/dealer sales queries to:
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12244 TAKE SHELTER
11 bug-out-ready tents to safe-

guard you against Mother Nature.
Harris Tactical Group can be reached at:

Phone: 212-807-7100; Fax: 212-463-9958
harris-pub.com
personaldefenseworld.com
By Fred Mastison
Comments:
realworldsurvivor@harris-pub.com
Online Store:
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12644 I SURVIVED
10 true survival stories!
THE

ULTIMATE GUIDE FOR STAYING ALIVE
HOW
H
HO
W TO
TO S
SPOT
POT
PO
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HO
HOMEGROWN
MEGR
GRO
OW
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TERRO
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TERRORISTS
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RR
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LESSONS
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FRO
FR
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SAN
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Alternative
A
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Defense
Defense
Weapons
Weapons
Last
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Man
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Standing
Standing
BUNKER
BUNK
BU
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RD
DOWN
OWN
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SHELTERS
SHEL
SH
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LTE
TERS
TER
RS
The First
72
Cash
Cash
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Collapse
FOOD,
FOOD
FO
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MED
MEDS,
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DS ,
DS,
AMMO
GUNS
GU
S&A
MMO
MMO
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AS C
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NCY
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ACTIVE
A
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SHOOTER
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HOOTER
SURVIVAL
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URVIVAL
PANDEMICS CIVIL COLLAPSE

FOOD & WATER SHORTAGE
MEDICAL CRISIS + MORE
R U N,
RUN
RU
RUN,
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HID
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I D E,
ID
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FIG
FIGHT!
IGH
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HT!
FAMILY
FAMILY
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VACUATION
EVACUATION
STRATEGIES
STRATEGIES
OP
OPERATION
PER
ERA
AT
TIIO
ION
ON
CHILD
CH
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ILD S
SA
SAFE
AF
FE
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SURVIVAL
SUR
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RVI
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IVA
A L SKILLS
S
SK
KII LL
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Y O UR
YOU
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YOUR
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KIID
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M U ST
MU
MUST
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AS
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TENT
TENTS
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FIRSTFI
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STT-A
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BACK
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WA
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PU
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NBOWS
BOWS
WATER
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NDG
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SFIRE
FIIRE
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STARTERS
TART
TA
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HANDGUNS
PRINTED IN USA
MODERN FIREARMS TM PRESENTS
SUMMER 2016
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Display Until July 4, 2016
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485 C
6th:
DIGITAL
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None
NEWSSTAND
SPINE: Perfect 5/32
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12/02/15
3/11/16
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2 CX54
Straight 8 Custom Photography
Please notethe Young Living essential oils mentioned in the

Survivors Edge Spring 2016 article Off-Grid First Aid have
not been evaluated or approved by Young Living or the Food
and Drug Administration, and are not intended to diagnose,
treat, cure or prevent any illness, injury or disease.
Print Advertising Manager

Heila Nir
Send editorial queries to:

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Prepper
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repper G
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ear
Must-Haves
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EDITORS NOTE
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MODERN FIREARMS TM PRESENTS | SURVIVORS EDGE | REAL WORLD DISASTERS

S
110
SPRING 2016
SUMMER
2016
11444 DO-IT-ALL PACKS
Contributors
Russ Adler, Sara Ahrens, William Bell,
Jim Cobb, Scott Conditt, Michael
DAngona, Will Dabbs, MD, Mike Duke,
Matthew Hogan, Nick Jacobellis, Charley
Hogwood, Jason Hunt, Laura Lancaster,
Fred Mastison, Donald J. Mihalek,
John Phillips, Robert A. Sadowski,
Creek Stewart, EJ Snyder, Dr. Martin D.
Topper, Bill Vaznis, Dan Vigil
Insets
Photos
Courtesy
Manufacturers
Gear
ON THE COVER
Absolute survival begins

with absolute preparedness. To ensure the
safety of yourself and
your family, you must
plan for the many stages
of disasterthe first
72 hours, an extended
shelter-in-place event
and a long-term crisis.
Stock your emergency
closet with enough
gear and supplies to
last at least 72 hours,
and have go bags and a
well-rehearsed family
evacuation ready to go
at a moments notice.
AXTS Weapons Systems MI-T556;

KUHL Burr Jacket; Old Navy Cargo
Pants; Outdoor Research Silencer
Gloves; Rogue American Apparel
Shield Beanie; Karrimor SF Delta 25
Backpack; Rothco OD Rubber Poncho.
Subscriptions/Back Issues:
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To The Readers: Be advised that there may be products
represented in this magazine as to which the sale,
possession or interstate transportation thereof may
be restricted, prohibited or subject to special licensing
requirements. Prospective purchasers should consult
the local law enforcement authorities in their area. All
of the information in this magazine is based upon the
personal experience of individuals who may be using
specific tools, products, equipment and components
under particular conditions and circumstances, some
or all of which may not be reported in the particular
article and which this magazine has not otherwise
verified. Nothing herein is intended to constitute a
manual for the use of any product or the carrying out
of any procedure or process. This magazine and its
officers and employees accept no responsibility for any
liability, injuries or damages arising out of any persons
attempt to rely upon any information contained herein.
SURVIVORS EDGE (ISSN 2375-3617) is published
four times per year by Harris Publications, Inc., 1115
Broadway, NYC, NY 10010. Single copy price: $9.95 in
USA, $10.95 in Canada. Subscription price: 4 issues for
$23.97. Submissions of manuscripts, illustrations and/
or photographs must be accompanied by a stamped, selfaddressed envelope. The publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Copyright 2016 by Harris
Publications, Inc. All rights reserved under International
and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Reproduction
in whole or in part without written permission of the
publisher is strictly prohibited. Printed in the USA.
Navigating
Disaster
Looking past tomorrows crisis to plan

for future catastrophes. BY CARA DONALDSON
TEOTWAWKIthe end of the world

as we know itcould happen at any
minute. That doesnt necessarily
mean Armageddon, as theres always a
chance to rebuild. What it does mean,
however, is that the ways of life we are
accustomed to, and the daily grinds we
are comfortable with, will all come to a
screeching halt, and everyone will go into
survival mode. This will mean different
things for different people depending
on their level of preparedness. Those
who planned ahead will hunker down to
protect what is theirs from those who are
resorting to panic and lawlessness.
Not only can life as we know it stop
at any second, but it could come from a
variety of sources. Mother Nature could
careen out of control, an enemy assault
could reach our shores or we as a society
might succumb to self-inflicted wounds,
like an economic collapse.
Unfortunately, we need to be
prepared for any number of disaster
| 6 | SURVIVORS EDGE | SUMMER 2016
scenarios, and that is not an easy task.

No matter how much you stockpile, no
matter how many times you do a dry run
of your escape route, you never know
when a situation may change from bad to
worse. This is why having the means and
supplies to be adaptable and flexible is
one of the most important keys to surviving any disaster scenario.
Your supply cache should allow for
you to stay alive in the most densely
populated city in the country one day and
then bug-out to the thickest backwoods
imaginable the next. In addition to adapting to different locations, you should be
prepared with gear and rations that will
also save you if youre trapped in one
place for an extended amount of time.
The reality is, crisis scenarios can last as
little as a few days or continue for months
at a time, and you and your family need to
be properly prepared.
In addition to keeping your emergency
supplies well stocked, you must also
know the lay of your land. What kind of

weather threats are possible where you
live? Are there evacuation routes in your
city or is it better to have an in-home
shelter? Who in your neighborhood
might be a potential danger in a catastrophe? This applies to both people and
animals. And if youre not home, how
would you deal with being away from
your primary base? Whats in your everyday-carry kit that would save your life?
What weapons do you depend on? Do
you know how to fire a pistol or defend
your life with a blade? Probably the most
terrifying ordeal would be being stranded
in an unfamiliar environment. What would
you do for shelter if lost in the woods?
Can you make fire? How would you know
if water is safe to drink?
Answering questions like these is
hard, but its vital to our survival. It forces
us to recognize our weaknesses and
better plan for the potential disasters of
tomorrow. Read on to get started.
Shutterstock Photo
A R E YO U R E A DY ?
N AT U R A L D I S A S T E R S
DID YOU KNOW?

Shutterstock Photos
Flood Awareness
Flood Awareness Week is this March. Spring

weather can bring with it torrential downpours
and deadly floods. The NOAA National Weather
Service campaign Turn Around Dont Drown
(TADD) works to educate people about the
hazards of driving a vehicle or walking through
flood waters. For more information, visit tadd.
weather.gov.
Prepare For A Wildfire

National Wildfire Community Preparedness
Day is May 7, 2016! Participate in national
activities that will make your community safer
from the impacts of future and past wildfires.
For more information, visit nfpa.org.
Displaced By Disaster
A report from the Internal Displacement
Monitoring Centre, an independent, nongovernmental humanitarian organization
studying displacement states, has found
that since 2008, an average of 26.4 million
people per year have been displaced from
their homes by disasters brought on by
natural hazards. This is the equivalent to one
person being displaced every second.
Tsunami Security
2016s Tsunami Preparedness Week is March

27 through April 2. Preparedness campaigns
will coincide with the date of the 1964 Great
Alaska Earthquake and Tsunamis (March 27).
While locations like California, Alaska and
Puerto Rico will hold their awareness weeks
this month, others have opted for a different
dateHawaiis is in April, while Oregon and
Washington hold theirs in October.
source: nws.weather.gov
High-Risk Homes
43 percent of U.S. homes and condosa

total of 35.8 million homesare at a high risk
or very high risk of at least one type of natural
disaster. The states with the most homes in
high or very high risk-counties, according to
the latest RealtyTrac report, include:
1. California (8.4 million homes at high risk)
2. Florida (6.7 million)
3. New York (2.4 million)
4. New Jersey (2.3 million)
5. North Carolina (2.3 million)
The cities with the most homes in high-risk
counties are not surprising (due to their large
number of homes):
1. New York (3.5 million homes at high risk)
2. Los Angeles (2.5 million)
3. Miami (1.9 million)
4. Houston (1.2 million)
5. Riverside-San Bernardino (1.1 million)
source: realtytrac
High-Tech
Weather Alerts
IBM and The Weather Company (parent

company of The Weather Channel) have
partnered on a new severe weather predictive tool dubbed the Intelligent Operations Center for Smarter Cities. The new
platform marries live weather forecasts with
a hyperlocal map of a citys infrastructure,
painting in yellow and red the predicted
damage to come. Outside of weather, the
technology can assist with public safety and
citywide power outages.
source: ibm.com/time.com
24/7 Evac Strategy
Fires and floods cause evacuations most

frequently in the U.S. and almost every
year. Many disasters allow little to no
time for people to gather basic supplies,
so planning ahead is essential. Prepare
your family for an evacuation by doing the
following:
4Plan places where your family will
meet, both within and outside of your immediate neighborhood.
4Take your emergency supply kit unless you have reason to believe it has
been contaminated.
4If you have a car, keep a full tank of
gas in it if an evacuation seems likely.
Keep a half tank of gas in it at all times in
case of an unexpected need to evacuate.
Gas stations may be closed during emergencies and unable to pump gas during
power outages.
4If you do not have a car, plan how you
will leave if you have to. Make arrangements with family, friends or your local
government. source: ready.gov
THE DHS DOES NOT ENDORSE THIS ARTICLE, SURVIVORS EDGE OR REALWORLDSURVIVOR.COM.
SURVIVAL + POWER
FORMER CIA OFFICIAL WARNS:
ISIS TERRORISTS WANT

TO CRIPPLE AMERICAS
ELECTRIC GRID!
How will you keep your family safe when
the lights go out? And they will go out.
to help you continue to meet your power needs.
And best of all, it harnesses the power of the sun to
keep a state-of-the-art lithium-ion phosphate battery
charged.
Unlike other generators, youll never run out of gas.
Youll have a power supply that you can recharge
endlessly. And at just 37.5 pounds you can take the
Patriot Power Generator 1500 with you if you are
forced out of your home.
Youll have an ample supply of AC electricity
DYDLODEOHWRSRZHU\RXUIUHH]HUUHXS\RXUVORZ
cooker, your toaster oven, even your coffee maker...
power your cell phones, computers,radios, medical
devices... and so much more. You can even use it to power
an electric blanket to keep you warm.
IQD:DVKLQJWRQSUHVVFRQIHUHQFHIRUPHU&,$RIFLDO
Dr. Peter Pry, warned, There is an imminent threat
from ISIS to the national electric grid and not just to
a single U.S. city. He explained that attacks on just
nine of the nations 55,000 electrical substations could
result in coast-to-coast blackouts for up to 18 months.
Frank Gaffney of the Center for Security Policy went
even further, ... should the power go out and stay out
for over a year, nine out of 10 Americans would likely
perish. What could be a more frightening thought
than that?
It May Have Already Begun.

,Q6DQ-RVH&DOLIRUQLDVQLSHUVUHGRQDQHOHFWULFDO
substation for 19 minutes, knocking out 17 giant
transformers that provide
power as far away as
PATRIOT POWER
Silicon Valley. It took
workers 27 days to restore
the facility. No arrests
were made. A dry run for
the real thing?
GENERATOR 1500
You Know
Were Targeted.
Its no secret ISIS and
other radical groups hate
America. Their mission
is to destroy us by
whatever means possible.
A successful attack on
WKHJULGZRXOGGHQLWHO\
bring about the end of the
world as we know it.
Weather Is The Other Enemy.

Even leaving aside a terror attack, there is the constant
threat that Mother Nature could strike a vicious blow to
the grid.
Remember the Polar Vortex? Only through a massive
effort by grid operators were we spared total blackouts
across large parts of the country.
Its happened before and it will happen again.
And the vast majority of Americans will be totally
unprepared for the depravation and lawlessness that
often follow.
Introducing The Patriot Power Generator 1500.
The Patriot Power Generator 1500 was designed
There Are No
Moving Parts!
The Patriot Power Generator
1500 is an affordable,
completely self-contained
system that silently provides
up to 3,000 peak watts of
totally FREE, renewable
power. And its so easy to
use a child can do it.
1. Unfold and set up the
solar panel in the sunlight.
2. Plug in the solar panel.
3. Now plug in your
electronic devices and enjoy
free power from the sun!
Amazingly, it takes just 3.5 hours or less to fully

charge the unit. And it will hold its charge for up to
6 months so its always ready to use. And it can be
recharged up to 3,000 times.
Call Or Visit For More.

We have friendly folks standing by to answer any
questions you might have. Simply call 1-800-367-5057.
Or you can visit our website at BLACKOUT21.COM. But
dont delay. We cant keep these generators in stock.
Once we run out, it could be a while before we can get
you one.
CALL 1-800-367-5057 OR VISIT BLACKOUT21.COM
CALL 1-800-367-5057 OR LOG ON TO BLACKOUT21.COM
No one can know how long a disaster will last. Whether its just a few
hours or several years, youll need to plan ahead to ensure your safety,
health and resources, especially against those who did not plan ahead.
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Long-te king beyond yo BY FRED MASTISON
thin
Youre sitting in a dark room. A

candle is burning as you listen to
the emergency radio you dutifully
added to an emergency kit. The president
is preparing to address the nationwide
power failure. After a few minutes of talk,
you realize that this is not some simple
electrical glitch. The entire grid has been
attacked and the country is in serious
trouble. You have been diligent about
preparing for a disaster, but now it is time
to evaluate your next steps.
This scenario, while dramatic, is a reality that people should consider. The failure
of a nations electrical grid, a massive
natural disaster or even an attack on U.S.
soil can lead to a dire situation. Without
power, the structure of any country will
begin to break down and individuals will
be forced to fend for themselves. The
duration of that self-reliance will depend
on the nature of the disaster.
Without power,
the structure of any
country will begin
to break down and
individuals will be
forced to fend for
themselves.
Big Stock Photo
As a general rule, you are encouraged

to break your planning down into three
time frames: 72 hours, two weeks and the
long term. Inside each of these there will
be three things that need to be considered: gear, location and skills. We will
explore what is needed for each, but lets
first look at the potential problems.
With the variety of things that can
go wrong, it can be helpful to divide
them into two categories. First up is the
most common phenomenon of natural
disasters. These include severe weather,
earthquakes or even volcanic eruptions.
Most of these events cause only moderate damage to a countrys infrastructure.
However, large-scale events like massive
hurricanes can affect millions of people.
The other type of disaster we will
explore is manmade. This can include
an actual attack on the U.S. by a foreign
power or terrorists. While it is unlikely that
a force would invade the U.S., they can
easily attack our electrical infrastructure,
water supplies and other avenues capable
of causing chaos from afar. With these
variables in mind, lets look at some of our
options for our three time frames as well
as the supplies and skills that are needed.
| SUMMER 2016 | SURVIVORS EDGE | 11 |
72 Hours
This window will be the most common

and is related primarily to weather-related
events or other natural disasters. In fact,
most people that prep do so with this
type of time frame in mind. While it is
certainly an inconvenience, a 72-hour
period of being without power or water
is survivable with even fundamental supplies. Even during disasters as short as 72
hours, though, emergency services may
not be available and weather can complicate your situation. Sub-zero temps
or flooding can make this the longest 72
hours of your life. The amount of supplies you will need is dependent upon the
number of people in your party. As a base,
though, you should have the following:
Water: Water is critical and should
be a priority. Avoid using tap water after
a major event unless it has been cleared

by authorities. It is recommended that
you store a gallon of water for each day.
Multiply this by the number of people in
your household to get your requirements.
Bottled water is the easiest to manage in
this situation because you may need to
move temporarily.
Food: Store non-perishable food.
This industry has blossomed over the last
several years and you will have no problem finding not only nutritious meals, but
also tasty ones as well. One of the best
places to get these meals is the website
longlifefooddepot.com. It is also a solid
source for a variety of meals. Companies
such as the Wise Company also offer a
spectrum of solutions.
Emergency Kit: More than just
some tape and rope, this kit needs to
allow you to solve problems. This should

include a durable flashlight like a Streamlight Scorpion HL, extra batteries, an
emergency hand-crank radio such as the
Eton FRX, candles and a first-aid kit with
any medications needed. Rope or 550
cord is also a must, as are a few simple
tools like screwdrivers, a hammer and a
small saw such as the Silky Pocketboy.
Lets now add a knife, such as the Hogue
EX-01. Waterproof matches are one of
the most important items in this kit.
Cash: If there is a major event, ATMs
and card readers will probably not be
functioning because of power outages.
The amount of cash you have on hand
should be balanced with safety. Never let
anyone know you are keeping cash and
store it someplace safe.
Weapons: Disasters can bring out
When long-term survival is our goal, we should

focus on serious equipment and tools to get us through,
like ETON radios, Glock pistols and E-Tools, Remington and
Mossberg firearms and Wise Company emergency rations.
Photos Courtesy Manufacturers
Shutterstock Photo
Your preparation timeline should

include how long it will take you to
evacuate large urban centers.
Two Weeks
A two-week time frame is more realistic than some may believe. As with our
72-hour situation, more than likely we are
looking at a natural disaster that causes
us to fend for ourselves. A disaster that
causes this type of situation is serious and
may negate the chance for any emergency support from government agencies for
a long period of time. Plan for the worst
and hope for the best.
Water: Water will begin to be a complicated factor over two weeks. Unless
you have significant storage, you will need
to purify drinking water. Remember that
water is needed not only for drinking, but
also for cooking and sanitation as well. A
good option in this category is Katadyn.
This company makes hand-operated
water filtration systems to fit any need.
The Katadyn Expedition filtration unit is
portable and easy to use.
Food: Food may begin to run thin at
this stage. It is not beyond reason that you
can store two weeks worth of food. This
is especially true if you begin to factor in
canned foods and meals to add variety.
Most emergency meals are very calorie
dense and can last quite a while.
Emergency Kit: We will keep our
original kit and simply suggest the addition of a few items. First is an axe to cut
wood. You will need fuel for fires, and a
handsaw may not be up to the task. A
larger fixed-blade knife will be helpful, and
the SOG Force knife is a good choice. An
entrenching tool such as the Glock E-Tool
will also be a welcomed addition.
Cash: As with our short-term problem,
electricity may still be out. Currency will
still be recognized and useful to get what
you need. A point of caution: There will
be an urge by some to charge outrageous
prices for items. This should be motivation
to plan ahead even more.
Skills: Our skill level must move up
a notch now. We will need to know how
to purify water as well as tend to more
serious injuries if we cannot get to medical
professionals. You will also need to know
how to build a fire for warmth and cooking, and possibly a temporary shelter.
Weapons: We will add a smallcaliber rifle such as a Ruger 10/22 to the
EMERGENCY TIMELINE
ver wonder why a 72-hour

emergency kit or bug-out
bag was established? Our
federal and state governments
are typically well prepared for
all types of events, and usually
within 72 hours they have a
plan in place and have begun
executing on that plan. Heres a
general timeline of an emergency event.
FIRST 12 TO 48
An emergency has occurred.
Government officials and nongovernment organizations like
disaster relief organizations
gather data on what exactly
happened and what needs to
happen to help secure, evacuate
or begin to fix the situation. The
media will try to create awareness of the event.
THE NEXT 72
Plans are put in place to fix the
situation and help the people
affected by the disaster. Rescue
and relief personnel are organized to execute those plans.
Media awareness continues.
Volunteerism begins.
WEEKS AFTERWARD
Depending on the magnitude
of the disaster, ongoing relief
is given to residents of the
affected area. Cleanup continues. Rebuilding homes and
lives continues. Media
awareness wanes.
Robert A. Sadowski
Big Stock Photos
both the best and the worst in people. You

are highly encouraged to, at a minimum,
have a handgun for personal protection.
The 9mm Glock 17 pistol will fit this kind
of situation perfectly.
Skills: Basic first aid and self-care are
important any day of the week, and even
more important in an emergency. You
should also have a basic understanding of
electricity and plumbing in the event you
need to shut the power or water off.
Shutterstock Photos
In a disaster, urban environments

will be incredibly dangerous
because of the lack of resources.
Diseases and toxic contaminants

will be a real problem if we have to
face a long-term disaster.
arsenal now. There may be a need to take

small game and the Ruger 10/22 can
make that an easier task.
Long Term
If things have gotten really bad, you

should plan on being on your own for a
year or even more. Dont think it is possible? There are thousands of people still
living in tarp huts following the earthquake
in Haiti almost six years ago. While it is a
poor country, over $13 billion dollars have
been poured into the small country to
improve life. Do not count on the government to come to your aid. Make the most
of your situation and, with planning, it can
be more than a day-to-day struggle.
Water: You will need to have the
means to purify your water by hand. The
water filtration products you have may
break or be stolen, so youll need alternatives. Bleach and boiling are recommended methods, but since you are most
likely living a nomadic lifestyle at this
point, youll have to consider how much
you bring as well as what means you have
to start fires for boiling.
Food: We are now to the point that
we are gathering our own food. This can
be done by hunting as well as planting
gardens. Plan on including seeds in your
preparation kits.
Emergency Kit: Our previous kits
are good, but we will need to add additional rope as well as a variety of general
tools. Your medical kit should resemble an
break your planning down

into three time frames:
72 hours, two weeks

and the long term.
EMT pack at this point.
Cash: Cash at this point will likely be
mostly a collectors item. Barter will be the
name of the game, and your ability to offer
high-value items will put you in a good
spot. One prime item will be ammunition.
Many people will have thought to pack a
gun, but few will have the vison to pack a
significant amount of ammunition. As with
cash, be careful about letting people know
what you have.
Skills: We are now beyond just biding
our time until help arrives. We are more
than likely launching a new life. The necessary skills in this arena include gardening, hunting and cleaning game, building
shelters as well as educating our children
after schools are closed.
Weapons: We are now as focused on
defense as we are hunting. The addition
of a Remington 700 chambered in .308
Winchester as well as a 12-gauge Mossberg 590A1 will round out the safe.
Plan For The Worst
There are many other things to consider

when we move though our time frames.
The first question often asked is, Do

we leave or stay? My suggestion is that
unless you are forced to leave, you should
stay in place. The benefits of sheltering in
place are many. You are in a known location and have more than likely been able
to store supplies. The desire to use your
home as a shelter requires some planning.
You should plan on fortifying your home
by adding deadbolts on doors, installing
a video-based security system and even
developing a safe room should be on your
home-fortification to-do list.
There are exceptions to this, however.
The two primary factors are the duration of the event and your location. If the
disaster becomes a permanent issue, you
may be forced to move on in order to find
food and keep your family safe. The other
reason you may bug-out is your initial
location. Those in major cities will find it
very difficult to manage existing natural
resources with a large population. New
Orleans is not a huge city, yet there was
rampant looting along with a great deal
of crime during Hurricane Katrina. Many
people will not have made any prepara-
tions at all, and you could quickly become

a target. Looting and violent crime will be
common threats in this environment.
Have a plan and an alternate location.
Your alternate location should be scouted
out long before any catastrophe occurs.
Casual drives in the countryside can easily
become scouting trips. A good location
should be away from major population
centers and provide the chance to not
only hunt for game, but to plant gardens
as well. Many people pool family resources to secure such a location.
Just as important is how you are going to bug-out. The vehicle you choose
should be weighed carefully. While a large
four-wheel-drive truck is almost clich,
it may not be fuel efficient enough to allow you to travel the desired distance. A
four-wheel-drive vehicle is a good choice
but strike a balance between power, load
capacity and fuel efficiency. Once you
have a vehicle you should have your togo items pre-packed and ready. These
items include all of the supplies you can
fit into your vehicle. Using poly style totes
with lids protects the items from moisture
and general wear and tear.
Strength In Numbers
Finally, make sure that you have a family

plan. Many large families spread across
the country have made plans to meet at

a certain location if things ever get bad. It
is important that the family understand
the plan because communications will
more than likely be down. If there are kids
involved, establish a meet-up location
near them and then bug-out from there.
This movement plan should be more than
just meet here. There may be special
considerations, such as elderly family
members or those with special medical
needs. You must keep all of this in mind
when you factor in things, such as how
long it will take to get out, how far you can
travel and what special equipment you
may need to bring along.
On a side note, training is an important
factor to consider. Many of the skills required to survive after a disaster requires
some training. Over the last 10 years,
there has been a huge growth in the number of courses and schools covering these
skills. If you are serious about surviving after a disaster, it is worth your time to seek
out training. That training should be family
wide in the event someone is injured and
unable to help.
No matter the duration of the emergency, the choices we make regarding
preparation will determine our success or
failure. Most of us lead comfortable lives
and rarely give things like this a second
thought. Look ahead, however, and make

a plan. With this attitude and mindset, you
can not only survive but thrive.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Buy Emergency Foods
buyemergencyfoods.com;
888-543-7345
Eton
etoncorp.com; 650.903.3866
Hogue
hogueinc.com; 800- 438-4747
Glock
glock.com; 770-432-1202
Katadyn
katadyn.com; 800-755-6701
Mossberg
mossberg.com; 800-363-3555
Remington
remington.com; 800-243-9700
Silky
silkysaws.com; 866-345-2468
SOG
sogknives.com; 425-771-6230
Streamlight
streamlight.com; 610-631-0600
Sturm, Ruger & Co.
ruger.com
Wise Company
wisefoodstorage.com;
800-393-2570
Deadly
Overflow
Prepare for destructive
floodwaters before its too late!
BY WILL DABBS, MD
Florida to Maine. When the floodwaters

finally receded, 233 people were dead
and the storm had wrought more than $71
billion in damage to 24 states. When the
storm surge hit New York City, floodwaters inundated the subway system, streets
and tunnels and cut power to the city.
Of all the calamities that might befall
us, few are more destructive than a proper
flood. Floodwaters rise as the result of
excessive rainfall, precipitous snowpack,
hurricane-related storm surges or devastating tsunamis following an offshore
earthquake. Regardless of the impetus,
however, little carries the wanton destruction of a massive flood.
In Harms Way
While coastal areas are typically most

at risk, flash floods resulting from heavy
rains can strike even the most arid places.
Record rainfall combined with unusually
large snowmelt to flood vast areas from
Illinois down to Louisiana in 2011. For the
second time in 38 years, the Morganza
Spillway had to be opened, flooding
4,800 square miles of rural Louisiana in
order to save the cities of Baton Rouge
and New Orleans.
Earthquake activity can occur most
anyplace and has produced tsunamis that
wipe vast areas of coastline clean. The
Getty Images
The storm surge and

flooding are
of of 2005, Hurricane
In some
August
the most Katrina
destructive made landfall as a Categoparts of a hurricane.
ry 3 storm near New Orleans,
Louisiana. The resulting storm surge
breached the levee system designed to
protect New Orleans in 23 places, and resulted in the greatest engineering disaster
in the history of the United States. Approximately 80 percent of New Orleans,
much of which is naturally below sea level,
was flooded, in places to a depth of 15
feet. As a result, 1,245 people died in the
hurricane and its immediate aftermath.
Seven years later, Superstorm Sandy,
the largest Atlantic hurricane ever documented, raked the eastern seaboard from
Whether you
live in the rural
backwoods or
a Manhattan
high rise, few
Americans are
truly immune
to the effects of
a major flood.
tidal surge resulting from the 2004 Indian

Ocean earthquake produced waves that
were, in places, more than 100 feet high.
These waves killed more than 230,000
people in 14 countries. This tsunami
spawned from a profoundly powerful
undersea earthquakepowerful enough
to shift the entire planet about a centimeterand ranks as the third deadliest
natural disaster in human history.
In 1812, an earthquake produced what
is known as a fluvial tsunami that caused
the Mississippi River to flow backwards
and subsequently form Reelfoot Lake
in Tennessee. The 1812 earthquake
measured 8.8 on the Richter scale. This
quake was one of the largest temblors in

all of human history, and it was centered in
the midst of the American heartland. The
death toll topped more than 1,000 people
in a day when few structures extended
past a single story. The bottom line is that,
regardless of its cause, no one is truly safe
from the extraordinary power of a flood.
Gearing Up
As with most things, you should prepare

in advance. In one of the more sordid
episodes of the Katrina disaster, New Orleans Police Superintendent Eddie Compass ordered the confiscation of legally
held firearms. More than 1,000 legally
held weapons were illegally confiscated at

the very time they were most needed. As
a result of this travesty, Congress passed,
and the president signed, the Disaster
Recovery Personal Protection Act of
2006, ensuring that authorities may not
confiscate lawfully owned firearms in a
future emergency. Know your rights. If you
are comfortable with the responsibility,
and your circumstances might demand it,
maintaining a firearm for personal protection is typically a good idea for those
capable and responsible enough to do so
safely in times of crisis.
Maintain a bug-out bag with equipment, food, water and medicines ad-
DIY Emergency Raft

STEP 6 Test your raft out first to
see how it floats, for balance and
maneuverability. Testing it near shore
will give you an opportunity to make
adjustments before you actually
launch out to rescue. You dont want
This step-by-step guide from Naked

and Afraids EJ Snyder can help
you build a solid makeshift raft.
to find out that your raft isnt buoyant

enough or that its taking on water
out in the middle of rapids.
STEP 1 Before you begin, you have

to gather as many materials as you
will need for your raft to safely carry
yourself, other riders and supplies.
Grab base and platform materials
like wood, plastic, Styrofoam, plastic
bottles, barrels, pallets or even doors
(not metal). Youll also need several
meters of lashing material (ropes or

cordage), nails, screws, duct tape or
industrial adhesives. Paddles, rudders
or long push poles are also essential.
STEP 4 Place another layer of plywood or a door on top of the pallets

to form the deck. If you find the deck
is slippery, you can mix sand or dirt
STEP 2 Lay down four 55-gallon

barrels and lash them to a support
beam system made up of four long
beams 10 to 12 feet in length and two

cross beams to form the base.
STEP 3 Lay some plywood to support the deck. Then take two pallets
to form the decks base and lash them
to the barrel support-beam system.
Place plastic bottles or jugs and other
buoyant material in between the
pallets void space to assist in helping

the raft float. Secure it with lashing or
tape at the opening ends, or jam other
material in the ends to prevent any
loose material from floating out.
in with paint and apply it to the deck,

as this will give it a non-slip surface
once dry. Note: Depending on the
amount of lashing material you have,
lash as much of the raft together
as possible as currents, wakes and
waves will put a lot of strain and
stress on your raft. More is always
better when it comes to your raft.
STEP 5 Fashion paddles, secure a
long push pole and attach a rudder if
possible. If you are crossing a large
lake or the ocean, you may want to
fashion a sail if you can to help take
advantage of winds and save energy.
EJ Snyder Photos
nowing how to build a raft from

what you find around you is a
key skill that can save your life in the
event you need it. You have seen the
images on TV news of people trying to
survive flooding, like when Hurricane
Katrina hit New Orleans, with people
actually on top of doors, inside refrigerators or even in plastic pools.
The three main factors for a raft
are buoyant base and platform material, lashing and assembly material
and maneuverability control systems.
Anything can work in a pinch, and
with the right know-how and creativity you can make it work if you follow
these key steps. After all, your life
could depend on mastering these
skills and floating to safety.
STEP 7 Adding optional items for

the journey can make the situation
a little better. These include a sun
shade, a basket for supplies, a large
water jug, extra paddles and a rain
catch system. Anything you can think
of to aid in your survival helps. You
may want to fly a brightly colored
flag and have other signaling options

available to communicate or aid in
rescue. Note: If you have more than
two people or more supplies, simply
repeat Step 3 and Step 4 by laying
a second deck built the same way
alongside the first deck, doubling
your capacity. The build time for this
raft was about three hours with one
person, but with help that time could
easily be cut in half.
Knowing how to build a raft
can save your life in a survival
situation. It can also be a gamechanger during long-term survival.
This raft was constructed with junk
items and discarded resources you
might find when disaster strikes.
You are only limited by your imagination and creativity in a survival
situation. EJ Snyder
Crossing flooded areas can be

incredibly dangerous. Even shallow
water can exert tremendous force.
Massive floods can be catastrophic

in built-up areas, putting thousands
of lives in immediate danger.
equate to support your family for a modest

period of time. Keep the bag up to date,
rotate food and water for freshness, and
make sure everyone in the family is familiar with its contents. This emergency gear
needs to be useful, easily accessible and
readily portable.
Floods in built-up urban areas can
be particularly dangerous and demand
special preparations. If your family works
or goes to school a significant distance
apart, it is a good idea to have a lostcommunication plan that directs everyone
to meet at an easily accessible landmark
if disaster strikes and communications are
down. Consider your own needs but also
take into account the inevitable throngs
of people who will not be prepared. This
situation demands unique transportation
and security considerations.
There are several companies that produce inflatable boats that can be stored
(deflated) in small spaces and then made
ready quickly should your family need to
escape floodwaters. However, keep in
mind that floodwater can be misleadingly
dangerous. Staying out of it altogether is
always better than attempting to traverse
swollen tributaries.
Never drive a vehicle through flooded
streets, and take great care walking
through even shallow waters. The hydraulic force exerted under these circumstances can be deceptively strong. Hidden
objects or debris can also be sufficiently
jagged to cause a serious injury, making a
bad day even worse.
Heed government evacuation instructions when crisis looms. During Katrina,
80 percent of the citys residents escaped
before the storm, but that still left thou-
Shutterstock Photos
Thinkstock Photo
Floodwaters can rise with minimal

warning, quickly turning residential
spaces into swamps.
Have an escape plan,

plan primary and alternate
routes in advance, and
keep the gear, supplies and
fuel handy to get out...
sands who had to be subjected to rescue
and support efforts. Have an escape
plan, plan primary and alternate routes
in advance, and keep the gear, supplies
and fuel handy to get out if needed. Keep
in mind that gasoline has a finite shelf
life and must be stabilized for long-term
storage. Fuel stabilizer is available at any
auto parts store. Also take into account
children, the elderly and pets. Every selfreliant, prepared American is one fewer
victim that must be rescued.
Post-Storm Recovery
The danger does not necessarily recede with the floodwaters. Wild animals
frequently take shelter in abandoned
dwellings during a disaster and poisonous snakes, in particular, are an inevitable
problem in the Deep South after a flood of
any magnitude. Feral dogs can become a
dangerous threat, and in urban areas the
possibility of dangerous animals escaping
from zoos is also a consideration.
Arguably the biggest threat in the
aftermath of a flood, once basic necessities like food, water, shelter and security
have been addressed, is disease. We take
clean water for granted here in the United

States, but floodwaters back up sewage systems and corrupt drinking water
predictably and consistently. Be aware of
government boil-water notices and follow
them meticulously.
Maintain a supply of bottled drinking
water at all times and rotate your stock to
keep it fresh. The equipment to purify your
own water from questionable sources is
readily available. Drinking safe water helps
protect against devastating diseases like
cholera and giardia. Keep in mind that
using questionable water for cleaning,
washing food and household utility tasks
can be just as dangerous as drinking it.
Tetanus immunizations are typically
good for a decade, but it is easy to lose
track. Keep immunization information
written down and updated. Wounds
incurred in an austere environment have
a greater risk of infection, and illnesses
that are fairly readily manageable in times
of peace, like diabetes and hypertension,
can become life threatening quickly in the
absence of chronic medicines.
Most homeowners insurance policies
do not cover flood damage and the fed-
eral government manages the National
Flood Insurance Program for those living
in flood-prone areas. Investigate the particulars in advance and keep an inventory
of valuables in a safe place to use after
the immediate crisis recedes. The time to
find that your home was not covered is
not when you are standing in your living
room knee deep in mud.
Restore & Rebuild
A study in 2001 showed that 49 percent of New Orleans and the immediate
surrounding areas actually lie below sea
level, in places by as much as 10 to 12
feet. Following severe flooding from Hurricane Betsy in 1965, the U.S. Corps of
Engineers designed and began construction on the current flood-control works.
In 1965 this entire project was projected
to require 13 years for completion. When
Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005, the
project was still not complete even 40
years after its inception.
As a result of Katrina, Army Corps of
Engineers specialists visited the Netherlands to study the extensive Delta Works
levee system there. The Netherlands
While the U.S.

government can
provide aid through
FEMA and other
resources, you cant
rely on it alone.
has a unique history of reclaiming land

from the sea and its expertise in this
subject is considered state of the art.
This relationship resulted in a $150
million contract to a Dutch engineering
firm for the evaluation, design and
construction management of a new
series of levees and floodwalls around
the New Orleans area.
Since Katrina, the Army Corps of
Engineers has invested $14.45 billion
to produce hundreds of levee improvements, the Lake Borgne Surge Barrier,
the longest such structure of its kind in
the U.S., and the Seabrook Floodgate
at the connection of Lake Pontchartrain
and the Industrial Canal, as well as the
worlds largest water pumping station.
This pump station alone cost $1 billion
and can pump 1 million gallons of water
per minute. An entire freestanding cellular
telephone system designed solely for
use by government authorities has been
erected across the South as well to ensure that communication remains intact in
the face of the next big disaster.
In the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy,
the Army Corps of Engineers invested
Photo Courtesy Midland
Heavy-lift military
aircraft like this
Chinook moved
vast quantities of
relief supplies after
Hurricane Katrina.
Shutterstock Photos
LIFESAVING BACKUP
Flooding can
displace hundreds
of thousands of
people and often
contaminates
drinking water.
he U.S. has more severe

weather than anywhere
else on Earth. Tornados, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods
and wildfires cause massive
devastation and leave millions
of people in life-threatening
situations without power for
days at a time. You cant control
Mother Nature, but you can
plan for emergency situations
with the new Midland E+READY
ER310, the latest hand-crank
emergency radio that just been
unveiled for 2016.
Durable, dependable and
portable, the Midland E+READY

ER310 can be considered your
own personal emergency team.
Receive severe weather alerts
through a digital AM/FM and
weather-band radio equipped
with NOAA Weather Alert Radio
capabilities. The radio also
includes a built-in LED flashlight
with SOS and strobe functions
to signal for help in an emergency, as well as sustainable
power optionsrechargeable
lithium-ion batteries offer up
to 32 hours of continuous use
while six replaceable AA batter-
ies provide backup power. The

built-in solar panel recharges
the lithium batteries, or you can
use the ergonomic hand crank.
You can also use the ER310 to
charge any USB-compatible
device, such as a smartphone,
or call out to search-and-rescue
groups using the devices ultrasonic dog whistle.
With the Midland ER310,
youll have top-of-the-line
radio technology that might just
save your life one day. (816241-8500; midlandusa.com)
Cara Donaldson
Flood Facts:
Mississippi River
Shutterstock Photo
hrough history, the destructive power of the fourth

longest and ninth largest river in
the world has been all too real.
4 Hernando de Soto catalogued the first documented
flood of the Mississippi River in
March of 1543.
4The Mississippi River flood
of 1844 represented the highest
water levels ever recorded
before or since, and provided
the impetus to motivate the
United States Congress to pass
the Swamp Act that resulted in
our current levee system.
4 In 1927 heavy spring rains
resulted in a pair of Mississippi River flooding events that
displaced 500,000 people, covered 28,400 square miles and
resulted in $1 billion in damages.
This equated out to roughly one
third of the entire federal budget
at the time. Will Dabbs, MD
Big Stock Photo
large sums in the nourishment and

replenishing of beaches swept away
by the storm. Reconstructing these
beaches allows the sand to act as a buffer
between damaging waves and structures
inland. Flood planning in New York City
spans the spectrum from relatively miniscule to enormous.
Solar-powered streetlights in some
parts of the city went up to ensure that the
streets had light despite a power
outage. Stony revetments on Coney
Island Creek help prevent backdoor
flooding after severe surges. The overall
plan includes construction of seawalls,
the retrofitting of buildings to make them
more flood resistant and the redesign of
subway tunnels, power stations, hospitals,
sewage-treatment plants and the power
transmission infrastructure to be better
defended against floodwaters.
Expect the unexpected and plan for
the worst. Whether you live in the rural
backwoods or a Manhattan high rise, few
Americans are truly immune to the effects
of a major flood.
Consider the possible threats, prepare
accordingly and realize that while you
cannot prevent a natural disaster, you can
be ready to face it head on with adequate
gear and knowledge to keep you and your
family safe from the storm.
Tornados are no longer

limited to certain areas
of the U.S. They can
occur almost anywhere
at any time. This makes
it incredibly important
to have a shelter and
know how to spot the
warning signs.
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What might begin as a

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CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Fotolia Photo; Fotolia Photo; Shutterstock Photo; LAcity.org Photo/Public Domain Image; FEMA Photos
As far as natural disasters in the

United States go, none emerge
more abruptly and violently than
tornados. These swirling vortices of
destruction emerge from darkening
skies above and in the blink of an eye
can lay waste to entire towns, all before
dissipating completely. Tornados leave
a veritable wasteland of shattered homes,
scattered debris and displaced residents
wandering indiscernible streets where
neighborhoods and local landmarks
once stood only moments before.
They are perhaps the most devastating
and violent force of nature to be reckoned
with. As weather patterns have become
increasingly volatile in the last few
decades, and with tornados now affecting
regions in the U.S. that were previously
left unscathed, a new generation of early
warning systems and shelter solutions
are emerging to help ensure that you and
your loved ones can endure these storm
systems and make it out alive.
Storm Alert 101

Severe Thunderstorm Watch:
This designation is issued when conditions are
conducive to the development of severe thunderstorms in and around the watch area.
Severe Thunderstorm
Warning:
Youll hear this warning when a severe thunderstorm has been observed by spotters or
indicated on radar.
Tornado Watch:
Conditions are favorable for the development of
severe thunderstorms and multiple tornadoes
in and around the watch area. People in the
affected areas are encouraged to prepare for
severe weather.
Tornado Warning:
Spotters have sighted a tornado or one has
been indicated on radar, and it is occurring or
imminent in the warning area.
John Phillips
Fatal Funnels
Tornados in the United States typically

occur during the springtime, when
warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico
combines with cool and dry air currents
from the northern region of the continental
United States and Canada. Typically,
warm air rises, but when the warm and
cold fronts meet, the cold air traps the
warm air beneath it, and because the
warmer air is unable to move upward,
it begins to rotate. As the sun heats the
ground, more warm air continues to
Shelter From The Storm
BSafe JACK
Survive-AStorm
Survive-A-Storm has a shelter option for everyone. For

families at home, the companys compact Twister Pod
is a practical aboveground
storm shelter solution for
up to four occupants. Its
largest aboveground models
for businesses, schools and
mobile home communities
can shelter over 100 people.
Its shelters also incorporate
the GeoLocator service,
which allows emergency
service and family members
to locate the shelter should
it be covered by debris.
(survive-a-storm.com;
888-360-1492)
SteelSafe
SteelSafe
SteelSafe produces a
six-person belowground
shelter for installation
in your garage, directly
under your vehicle, that
takes up no usable space
from your garage. It can
even be installed to allow
quick access without the
need to move your vehicle.
This model comes with
removable padded steps
and benches, a batterypowered fan, LED lights
and a hand winch. The
best part is, you dont have
to go outside to retreat
to safety from the storm.
(steelsafeshelters.com;
256-506-9449)
Family SAFE offers

an above ground storm
shelter and an in-ground
storm shelter. Both storm
shelters are F5 certified.
The MAX Above Ground
Tornado Shelter incorporates a NASCAR-type
safety cage and can hold
the weight of about 25
midsize cars. The MAX
is also bullet resistant
to (class III) handguns
and shotguns, allowing this aboveground
tornado shelter to also
be used as a panic room
in case of emergencies.
(familysafeshelters.com;
918-443-7233)
RSC Shelters
RSC Shelters
RSC produces underground custom steel

community shelters that
can protect more than
100 people at once. These
shelters come equipped
with LED lighting, bench
seating and fresh air
ventilation but can also be
upgraded with electronic
locking systems, handicap
accessibility, restrooms
and additional features.
RSC provides an extremely secure and welcoming
safe haven during violent
storms for communities,
schools and businesses.
(supertornadoshelters.
com; 214-455-0560)
BSafe
This company produces

both residential and
commercial storm
shelters. Its model
specifically designed
for communities and
large groups is called
the JACK, which is a
FEMA-compliant shelter
designed to withstand
the winds of an EF-5
tornado. This shelter can
be installed in one day
once it arrives at the job
site. Depending on the
size of JACK you select,
it can accommodate
between 32 and 133
people. (bsafeshelters.
com; 307-433-4976)
FamilySafe MAX
Survive-A-Storm
Twister Pod
FamilySafe
SEEKING
SAFE
SPACE
FEMA Photo
Making it through a
tornado unscathed
is only half the battle.
rise, until eventually the swirling mass
is strong enough to push through the
cold air barrier. This rising warm air forces
the cold air beneath it and creates a
rotating column that can span upwards of
10 miles while twisting at speeds above
200 miles per hour.
The size and wind speeds evidenced
in tornados can vary significantly, with
some tornados on record spanning over
2.5 miles in diameter at their largest and
others only covering a few hundred feet
in circumference. The unpredictable
nature of tornados is perhaps what makes
them such a terrifying force to encounter.
Their size, course of direction and speed
of travel can all change seemingly
instantaneously. What might begin as
a small, low-speed funnel rotating in
the sky can quickly grow to a full-blown
superstorm tornado, depending on the
weather conditions fueling it.
The infamous stretch of Tornado
Alley, which spans through the
Midwestern United States between
the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian
Mountains, sees the most tornado activity
each year. Generally speaking, the most
affected areas throughout Tornado
Alley include central Texas, Oklahoma,
central Kansas, Nebraska and eastern
South Dakota. Tornado Alley can also be
considered to include portions of Iowa,
Missouri, Illinois and Indiana through to
western Ohioquite a large swath.

In recent years, areas like New
England, Ohio and Florida, which have
not routinely been impacted by tornados,
have incurred extensive damage from
these storm systems. Wherever you may
find yourself, when the skies darken to an
odd yellow-green tinge (often witnessed
immediately before a tornado forms) and
the eerie wail of the tornado sirens pierce
the sky, its important that you know how
to respond and what to do to protect
yourself and your loved ones in a hurry.
Luckily, there are a number of triedand-true methods and practices that will
increase your chances for survival, as well
as a number of cutting-edge notification
products, companies and shelter solutions
that have hit the market to defend against
Mother Natures wrath.
Early Warning
Early warning systems for tornados

have increased in efficacy in the last few
decades. It is important that you are aware
of what specific early warning systems
are in place in your residential area and
any tornado-prone regions you may be
traveling through. Some communities have
tornado sirens installed throughout, while
others depend on smartphones and mass
media to alert residents to severe storms.
The American Red Cross has
developed a tornado alert application
f youre sheltering in place or have found

a secure dwelling, these tips will help you
escape a tornado with minor or no injuries.
4Seek shelter in the lowest level of your home,
such as a basement or a storm cellar. Quickly
get to an inner hallway, room or closet if you
dont have a basement.
4Keep your distance from all windows and
glass doorways at your location.
4Move to the innermost part of a building on
the lowest floor, and dont use elevators since
the power may fail.
4Cushion yourself with a mattress, but dont
cover yourself with one.
4Cover your head and eyes with a blanket or a
jacket to protect against flying debris and broken
glass, or wear a bicycle or a motorcycle helmet.
4Stay inside since multiple tornados can
emerge from the same storm.
John Phillips
for smartphones that will allow you to

receive weather alerts whenever NOAA
issues a tornado watch or warning for your
community. A unique tone and short text
message alert will be triggered on all GPSenabled cell phones capable of receiving
the alert within the area of danger.
Available for both iOS and Android
phones, you can download and learn more
at redcross.org.
Standalone severe weather warning
systems for your residence, such as the
TornadoAlert early warning alarm for your
home (tornadoalert.com), can warn you
when tornados are within 30 miles from
your location.
When alerted to the formation of
a tornado, drop everything and seek
shelter right away. It is important to elect
a tornado safe room in your home, such
as a basement, storm cellar or an interior
room on the lowest level of the structure
with no windows. Ensure that all members
of your family know to immediately go to
this location should the alert be sounded,
and conduct regular and impromptu drills
to prepare your family and keep them on
their toes. Dont forget to bring your pets
into the shelter if the situation and time
allows. Consider having your safe room
structurally reinforced or outfitted with a
dedicated tornado-rated safe room.
It is important to always wait for an
all clear announcement over your
Shutterstock Photo
In Harms
Way
If a deadly tornado touches down near you, take
these critical steps to stay alive.
4Go inside any sturdy structure available.
4If youre driving, pull over and stop the car
(but leave it running so the air bags work).
Crouch down below the windows.
4If you can, get out of you car and into a ditch.
Be sure youre away from the car so that it isnt
in danger of being pushed onto you.
4Never remain in a mobile home during a
tornado. Even mobile homes equipped with
tie-down systems cant withstand the force of a
tornados winds.
4Find the lowest-lying area near you and lie
down in it, covering your head with your hands if
no shelter is immediately available.
John Phillips
Wherever you may find yourself...its

important that you know how to respond
and what to do to protect yourself and
your loved ones in a hurry.
emergency radio or cell phone as multiple
tornados can emerge within a storm
system over a short time period.
Seek Shelter
Do your research and you can find a

plethora of companies that are producing
entire lines of shelters, from one- and
two-person modular shelters that can
be installed in your garage or carport,
to huge subterranean, tornado-rated
community safe rooms/storm shelters
that can provide a safe haven for groups
of up to 100-plus people. Businesses,
mobile home parks and schools have all
benefitted from these steel, reinforced
and custom-engineered shelters
designed to deflect debris and protect
inhabitants from the dangers of tornados.
Pack a 72-hour emergency
preparedness kit and stock it with items
specifically geared for dealing with
a tornado incident and post-tornado
environment. Leather gloves, work boots,
long-sleeved shirts and pants, flashlights,
extra batteries, emergency radios and
first-aid kits are just a few basic items
that will come in handy and help keep
you safe when traversing a debris-laden
storm zone and tending to those in need
of care. Make sure you have enough
food, water and other essential supplies,
such as medications, safely stored in your

preparedness kit to last at least 72 hours,
as help and emergency aid may take a
few days to arrive. Many companies sell
pre-packaged 72-hour kits, or you can
assemble your own from online checklists
available at ready.gov/build-a-kit.
After The Storm
Be prepared for utilities to be out of

commission and/or pose a hazard.
Electricity, gas, water, sewage treatment
and telephones could be cut off for days,
or even a week or longer, in the wake
of a catastrophic tornado touchdown.
As such, be cautious of downed power
lines, standing water that may contain
sewage and ruptured gas lines. Avoid
using open flames when possible due to
potential gas leaks and be hyper-aware
of your surroundings, as the modern-day
conveniences that enhance your day-today life may pose a deadly threat in the
aftermath of a tornado.
Making it through a tornado
unscathed is only half the battle. As the
residents of any tornado-affected region
can attest, the storm only lasts for a very
brief time, but its the rebuilding of the
community that takes quite a bit longer.
Having insurance in place for potential
tornado damage is wise if you live in
tornado country. Agencies such as FEMA

have also provided afflicted regions
with millions of dollars in grants and
subsidies in recent years to help aid in the
rebuilding process throughout Tornado
Alley, and a number of private tornadorelief funds have emerged to help those
residents in need.
The Salvation Army routinely holds
fundraisers in the wake of tornados and
has streamlined the process by making
donating even easier via the internet.
Most recently, the Texas chapter of the
Salvation Army launched the Dallas
Tornados and North Texas Flood &
Tornado Relief fund, to aid those in the
region who were impacted by the recent
natural disasters. For more information,
visit donate.salvationarmyusa.org.
A real survivor takes the time to
study and understand the dangers of
their environment, maintains awareness
of the changing conditions around them
and, when an alarm or alert is signaled,
they take action immediately to protect
themselves and their loved ones.
Planning for a tornado is no different.
Like all survival and preparedness
planning, this means having a strategy
in place before the funnel cloud touches
down and doing everything you can to
outlast the storm.
600+ Stores
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Rapid
Medical emergency teams help turn the tide
As Hurricane Katrina hammered

the southeastern United States
and turned New Orleans into a
vast disaster area where nothing was
functional, the city of 500,000 people
was forced to evacuate. Once out of the
threatened area, the next priority became
treating the sick, wounded and injured.
The earthquake that rocked the nation
of Haiti caused the displacement of close
to 3 million people as it destroyed an

entire nation and caused massive catastrophic damage and injures, including an
estimated death toll of 160,000 people.
The extent of the injuries was horrific and
required an expertise that went beyond
the Haitian governments capabilities.
When tragedies strike and mass medical care is needed, the U.S. government
makes one call to the National Disaster
Medical Service (NDMS), our nations

tactical medical response team.
National Response
The NDMS was created to supplement

and integrate a national medical response
capability for major disasters. The idea
was originally formed during the Cold
War in order to respond in a case of
catastrophic casualties. Since then, the
The horrific events of

Hurricane Katrina showed
us the absoloute need for
fast-acting emergency
medical teams.
Photos Courtesy HHS/NDMS
Its comforting to know

that these teams can
support a massive air
evacuation if needed.
Relief
during a widespread disaster.
NDMS has retooled and primarily assists
state and local agencies dealing with
medical care during major disasters. Their
mission is supported by the military and
the Department of Veterans Affairs medical systems. Upon request, the NDMS
will also deploy to a foreign country to
assist that government, as it did in Haiti
and other locations around the world, to
address major medical disasters.
BY DONALD J. MIHALEK
This 6,000-person civilian force is

always on call and, according to Murad
Raheem, a regional administrator for the
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response within the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, The NDMS system is always ready
and has teams pre-positioned, and is able
to respond anywhere within 12 hours of
a request, similar to the way the National
Guard responds when called out.

This force will respond to disasters,
major events like Inauguration Day and
the Super Bowl, and support any state or
local entities needing increased medical
support. The NDMS has three main missionsthe emergency medical response
by NDMS medical teams, including the
equipment and supplies, to a disaster
area; the movement of ill and injured
When Superstorm Sandy slammed

the East Coast, the Disaster Medical
Assistance Team (DMAT) of New
Jersey was there to provide medical
aid to those affected by the disaster.
DMAT also provides

assistance to those with
special needs, like at this
emergency shelter.
When an area is devastated by a

disaster, the NDMS deploys to help
those who have been affected.
Ready To
Respond
Along with the NDMS, these other Public Health
Emergency (PHE) divisions give supplies and support during mass medical crises resulting from
natural or manmade disasters.
patients from a disaster area to areas unaffected by the disaster; and the definitive
care of patients at hospitals in areas unaffected by the disaster, said Raheem.
The NDMS has the ability to partner
with federal agencies, including FEMA,
the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs. According
to Raheem, These partnerships give us
capabilities and resources to draw upon
to help us accomplish our mission and
handle any surge operations that we may
be asked to support.
Crisis Support
Like any capable force, the NDMS system relies on the team concept to work
efficiently and effectively. When people
apply for and are hired into the NDMS
system, they are assigned to a specific
team based on location, expertise and
mission set, said Raheem.
He continued, Once hired into the
NDMS, you could be assigned to any one
of the following teams.
DMAT: The Disaster Medical Assistance Team is a fully functioning field
hospital that can handle everything from
minor injuries to bruises and broken
bones. They travel with a host of medical
professionals and gear.
DMORT: The Disaster Mortuary
Operational Response Team can handle
mass-fatality situations. Once they set up,
they handle the identification of remains
by using scientific techniques and collect
information about the deceased from family members.
NVRT: The National Veterinary
Response Team is a group of veterinary
professionals to care for both the working
animals onsite and any animals belonging
to victims in an effected area.

IRCT: The Incident Response Coordination Team is deployed to keep track
of all team members and coordinate the
groups multi-faceted response.
IMSURT: The International Medical Surgical Response Team essentially
sends the operating room to the field,
resembling sort of a MASH unit specifically for disaster areas.
Disaster Gear
All of these teams have access to their

own as well as pre-established caches
of equipment and supplies, including
all types of medical equipment to set
up an emergency department in the
field. They also come equipped with a
host of support equipment, including
tents, cots, food, water, communications gear and generators for longterm operations.
The equipment caches are stored at
warehouses around the country. All of
these locations are discreet and kept that
way to protect their capabilities. In addition to gear and medical supplies, these
caches have medications of every variety.
Due to the aforementioned partnerships,
once the caches run low on medications,
the NDMS can tap the Veterans Administration for more medications from their
stockpile or use commercial sources just
like a hospital. To get from one place to
another, the NDMS uses its partnership
with the Department of Defense for transportation. The different military branches
airlift capabilities support the NDMS
medical support mission.
Team members receive regular training on the non-medical portion of their
equipment, including how to package up
Federal Medical Station (FMS)

The FMS is a deployable healthcare facility that
can provide surge beds to support healthcare
systems anywhere in the U.S. that is impacted by
disasters or public health emergencies. Each FMS
comes with a three-day supply of medical and
pharmaceutical resources to sustain from 50 to
250 stable primary or chronic-care patients who
require medical and nursing services.
Medical Reserve Corps (MRC)
The MRC is comprised of organized medical
and public health professionals who serve as
volunteers to respond to natural disasters and
emergencies. The MRC program provides the
structure necessary to deploy medical and public
health personnel in response to an emergency.
Photo Courtesy HHS/NDMS
Photo Courtesy HHS/NDMS
Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)

The SNS is a national repository of antibiotics,
chemical antidotes, antitoxins, life-support medications, IV administration and airway maintenance supplies, and medical/surgical items. The
SNS is designed to supplement and resupply state
and local public health agencies in the event of
a national emergency anywhere and at anytime
within the U.S. or its territories.
Applied Public Health Team (APHT)

The APHT is composed of experts in applied
public health and can function as a public health
department in a box. An APHT can deploy within
36 hours of notification and provide assistance in
public health assessments, environmental health,
infrastructure integrity, food safety, vector
control, epidemiology and surveillance.
Mental Health Team (MHT)
The MHT consists of mental and behavioral health
experts who assess stress and suicide risks
within the affected population, manage responder
stress, and provide therapy, counseling and crisis
intervention. The Mental Health Team can deploy
within 36 hours of notification.
source: phe.gov
their gear for rapid transport and deployment. The gear is packaged on pallets
in deployment cases that are designed
for rapid shipment and setup. A teams
typical deployment time is 12 hours from
the initial request to becoming fully
mission capable.
Join The Team
To become a member of the NDMS, the

group will announce openings anyone can
apply for on the usajobs.gov website. The
teams use doctors, nurses and other medical professionals but also require communications specialists, logisticians and
coordinators. Once hired, youre assigned
a team in your area.
Teams are on call in three parts of
the country: west, central and east. If a
mobilization order comes, those on-duty
teams get the call first and respond where
directed. Reserve teams are then placed
on call to respond if mobilized.
Emergency Plan
According to Murad Raheem, The most

important thing anyone can do is prepare
for a disaster. Preparation starts way
ahead of the actual disaster and starts with
developing a disaster plan, depending on
where you are and what you may face.
The main components of a good
disaster plan include provisions for three

days. You also need to have plans to stay
in place and another to evacuate. These
become the building blocks for what
you may need, like essential clothes and
prescription medications, so you dont
become part of the problem.
Raheem continued, When it comes
to planning, whether it be a manmade or
That is where the authorities are going to

communicate where to find help or safety.
Flashlights and matches with maps of the
roads for your evacuation route make it
easy no matter if its day or night.
If you evacuate, leave a note in your
house with contact information, which can
be critical for search teams so they can
clear your house and not waste time look-
A teams typical deployment time is 12 hours from

the initial request to becoming fully mission capable.
natural disaster, the basic elements of
a plan are the same. The only thing that
changes is what you would bring. Either
way, make a list and ensure you have
things like food and water and a method
of communications, which these days is
usually a cell phone.
Raheem also added, You should also
ensure you have all of your medications
and a contact list of family and friends. Its
also important to stay informed so having a
portable radio with extra batteries or windup capability could be critical in a disaster.
ing for persons that arent there. These

and other items could be essential pieces
of your survival plan.
Finally, Raheem ended by noting
how important every persons individual
planning can be to disaster-relief professionals. At the end of the day, while the
NDMS and others will respond to save
the day, it is up to each individual to plan,
prepare and be ready to execute a plan if
disaster strikes, and the ability to survive
rests solely on you. For more information,
visit phe.gov.
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BY CHARLEY HOGWO
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tay or go? This is the first and

sometimes most difficult question we may have to ask ourselves in
an emergency. Emergency events are
not only disruptive to our physical situation, but they are also disruptive to our
mental status as they can happen anytime,
anywhere and to anyone. One moment
you may be sitting down to dinner and the
next the building may be shaking, the lights
flickering and smoke filling the room.
When something like this happens,
most of us will fall back to our primal
instincts of either fight or flight. In a situation that suddenly changes from what is
expected to chaos, the longer we take to
accept that new reality, the longer we delay our required response. From a disaster
psychology perspective, it is normal to
take a moment as we struggle to wrap our
mind around what just happened. This can
take longer if there are injuries, and the
less we expected something to happen,
the more difficult it may be to understand.
The usual cautions all apply, such as
knowing your surroundings, exits and
being situationally aware, but what is the
next step once something happens? To
aid in your preparedness and response, it
is helpful to know that there are similarities to every emergency. We do not need
to prepare separately for every possible
eventwe just need to prepare to attend
to our safety first, then transition to the
length of the event. If the event is a house
fire, we just need to escape to immediate
safety. If the event is widespread, such as
severe pandemic, we should plan to shelter in place for long periods of time.
Hazard Analysis
Sheltering in place, or bugging-in as we often call it, just means to stay where you are
because it is the best option at the time.
The best way to decide how to bug-in is to
understand what events could cause you
to close the doors on the outside world in
your area. Doing a hazard analysis will help
you in this. In simple terms, ask yourself
what could possibly happen, how likely is it
to happen and how much impact would it
have if it does happen.
Be prepared to think outside of the
mental box. Hazards often cause other
hazards, and the chain reaction can be
something you never considered until
now. If a dam breaks two towns away,
will it wash out the road you plan to use to
evacuate? Could a hurricane cause travel
restrictions? Could a flooded river cut you
off from emergency services? How often
do these events happen in your area? How
will they impact you if they do happen?
Once you have a list of potential
hazards in your area (do this for all of
your frequented locations), you can then
prepare accordingly with supplies, skills,
equipment and people. There are eight
major areas of preparedness we need to
consider when planning for survival: food,
water, shelter, safety/health, security, energy, communication and transportation.
If you dont know where to start in
your planning, use this list as a guide. The
important part is not to be lopsided in
your planning. Too much of one area and
nothing in another can lead to problems
later. Rather than quantity, think in terms
of time. All the food in the world wont
You have to properly weigh the dangers facing

your area ahead of timeyou cant shelter in
place if the shelter has been destroyed.
P.R.E.P. TO
SURVIVE
Whether you are new to prepping or are a
seasoned veteran, theres always something new
you can learn. To do this, Personal Education
Readiness Programs (P.R.E.P.) takes you from
reactive to proactive based on years of military,
personal and professional experience with natural and manmade emergency situations.
The expert staff at Personal Education Readiness Programs are committed to understanding
what you and your family or small business needs
to actually be squared away. From personalized
emergency plans, to private and group classes, to
custom assembled equipment and supplies, the
group offers a variety of ways for you to improve
your preparedness level and self-confidence.
You can also purchase a copy of Chief Instructor
Charley Hogwoods book, The Survival Group
Handbook, on amazon.com.
help you if you cant protect it or move it in

an emergency. And storing it all in some
distant place wont help you if you cannot
effectively get to it.
If you live in an urban area, you will have
slightly different preparation requirements
than the rural survivor. Urban dwellers
often live in multi-unit structures or tight
neighborhoods with limited access points,
limited storage space and perhaps no
independent transportation. If a dirty bomb
or large explosive devices were detonated
or a chemical agent dispersed in such an
environment, you may find yourself sheltering wherever you can with almost no
advance notice. A citywide blackout could
strand you away from home with no way to
communicate.
Getty Images
Are We Safe Now?
As a basic rule, the easy answer to

whether you stay or leave is as simple
as asking if you are safe in this location
at this time. If so, maybe you should sit
tight. This is not the end of the question,
though. Since conditions can change in
an instant, we must constantly reconsider
our situation. How long can we stay? Do
we expect the situation to deteriorate? Are
we prepared to leave? And what supplies
would we need for a successful evac?
For our sample scenario, well make the
case for sheltering in place. Our simulated
emergency event will be contagion. There
are several levels of contagion, from the
common cold to community killers such as
hemorrhagic diseases like Ebola or smallpox. If deadly contagion has overcome
your community, there will be a strong
chance that many people will decide to
stay home and/or practice social distancing. Most families are not prepared to shut
in for long periods of time, however.
We live in a convenience society and
usually dont think twice about running out
to the store for supplies or services. When
is the last time you were forced to cut ties
with the outside world for more than a day
or two? Since we expect a hardy pandemic to pass through a community in waves
lasting upwards of two months at a time,
possibly for four cycles before it dies out,
we must look at how we would survive in
such conditions with little to no help from
the outside world.
The federal national pandemic plan expects about 40 percent of the workforce
to stay home in such an event. This strain
on the workforce would certainly limit our

services from sanitation to water, sewer,
power, medical and law enforcement
agencies. Absolutely everything we have
come to depend on could be unavailable in
a complex human disaster such as this.
Knowing the possibilities, we can plan
appropriately, but how many of us have a
true pandemic plan and the equipment to
manage such an ordeal? Going back to
the similarity in disasters, we may discover
that we are not as unprepared as we may
think. A pandemic is a contagion event,
but so is the seasonal flu. The good news
is if you are ready for flu season, you are
close to being ready for something much
worse. What supplies do you have on hand
if your family is forced to stay home with
the seaonsal flu?
Add some more personal protective
equipment, basic medical supplies, food
and water along with cleaning materials
and you are now in better shape to successfully shelter in place when the outside
world is deathly ill.
As a survivor, you probably already
have many of these basics and would only
need to look at some additional infectioncontrol items like disposable Tyvek suits,
heavy gloves, eye protection, respirators
and rubber boots for those who may need
to go out in public. You probably have
some of these things already, too.
Shelter In Place
Sheltering in place does not always mean

staying home. In actuality, many of us
spend great amounts of time away from
home everyday. To further the point,
many of us spend our days in distant and
arguably more dangerous places than
home. Additionally, we often have the
mentality that we will be at the house when
disaster strikes, so we prepare the home
more than the other areas we frequent.
For many people this is a mental blind
spot. We never know when bad things
might happen, so we need to carry our
survival mindset and some key supplies
everywhere we go.
Working or living in a big city requires
adhering to the same rules as anywhere
else, you will just need to modify your
plans based on limited travel resources
Keep in mind that sheltering in place is exactly what

it sounds likeyou only get what you have on you or
around you at that time, and we cannot count on anything around us to be much help. We also know that
the best get-home bag is useless if we cant get to it.
In addition to the carry items listed below, dont forget
to squirrel away some useful items in places like your
work location, briefcase, purse, car or somewhere on
your route home just in case.
The rule of emergency carry gear is to keep it

simple to use and easy to carry. This is not the time to
overthink it. If an item is too complicated to use, you
will struggle when you need it the most, and if it is too
bulky to carry, you wont have it anyway.
There are many lists of things to have with you
all the time, but here is what I recommend in order of
priority if you are out doing your regular local business. Start at the top and take each item until you find
that it becomes too much to keep with you. Remember
that we only need to survive with these items until we
can get to our next safer location, such as your vehicle
or home or cache.
4Cutting tool/multi-tool
4LED flashlight
4Communication/signal device (charged phone,
scream whistle, etc.)
4List of important phone numbers
4Tactical pen (as self-defense item)
4N95 mask/four nitrile gloves/
swim goggles (bundled)
4Mylar water packet
4Small trauma first-aid kid (Celox, pressure

bandage, roll gauze, etc.)
4Quality paracord
4Protein bar
4Disposable lighter (with duct tape wrapped
over a single-edged razor blade)
4Small pocket compass
4Pocket map of area
4Permanent marker
4Waterproof notepad/golf pencil
4Heavy-duty plastic drum liner
4Cyalume 12-hour glowstick
The list may seem like a lot, but in reality several
of these initial items could be on your person while
the rest will easily fit in a small pouch in the bottom of
your pack or jacket pockets. Which brings up another
good point, consider the climate you may be operating
in and have appropriate footwear for an expected
situation. Many travel vests and jackets have hidden
pockets for just such gear. Dressed as such, no one
will ever know you are loaded and ready to survive in
the worst conditions imaginable.
Shutterstock Photos; Flashlight Courtesy of First Tactical
iStock Photo
SHELTER IN PLACE: WHAT YOU NEED
Having the ability to pack up and go immediately

is preferable over having no choice but to stay put.
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and the biggest hazard of all: masses

of other people. For example, if you are
caught in an attack on a subway or other
transit system, you may only get whats in
your pockets to work with.
If you know this might be a possibility,
you would be wise to prepare accordingly
with something called an everyday-carry
kit. To design such a kit, and make it easy
to carry, think of what might happen and
then consider some items that would help
you to survive in any location you may
potentially find yourself in.
Prep Your Response
Seeking Safe Space
Often we are asked which is better to do

first from a planning perspective, be ready
to shelter in place or be ready to bug-out?
My answer is that it is always better
to be able to leave immediately than be
restricted to staying in place. If you can
evacuate and survive somewhere else, you
can also survive with that same equipment
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Planning ahead will save you

from packing unnecessary items.
Properly planned and executed, bugging out

could be just an impromptu camping trip.
Ben Sweep Photo
What are the most common problems

in urban environments? Poor air quality
from explosions, injuries or entrapment
by debris, darkness, dehydration, physical
attack, becoming lost, travel restrictions
and the inability to contact help or family.
With these hazards in mind, we can
consider skills and items to have on hand.
Since we never know when such an event
might occur, we should be ready at any
time and at any of our usual locations,
including our office, car, apartment,
school, etc.
Based on the aforementioned
hazards, a basic, easy-to-carry kit can
be assembled and carried in a backpack,
purse or pocket. This includes:
4N95 respirator and swim goggles
4First-aid materials/trauma bandage/
bandana
4LED flashlight/chemlight glow stick
4Mylar emergency water pouches
4Self-defense tool(s)
4Multi-tool
4Compass/area map
4Personal identification
4Communication device
All of these basics will easily fit into
a small pouch or pockets and could be
invaluable to your survival efforts. If you
are responsible for others, such as family
or children, dont forget to provide some
of these items for them, too. Keep in mind
that these are just tools to get you to fresh
air and out of immediate danger. From
there you will need to use your wits and
skills to continue your journey to the next
safe location.
We never know when bad things

might happen, so we need to carry
our survival mindset and some key
supplies everywhere we go.
at home. But if you begin your planning
with the thought that you never intend to
leave and something happens that forces
you out of your home, you will likely have
nothing useful to evacuate with. While your
home may seem like the best place to ride
out a disaster, things dont always work
out that way. You need to be prepared.
In conclusion, you do have some say
in how disaster might affect you and your

family. It all comes down to knowing what
could possibly go wrong, how likely it is to
happen and how it could impact you. With
this information, you can easily prepare a
plan to either deal with it or be somewhere
else when it does happen. For more on this
and many other survival-related topics,
visit readygoprep.com.
Getty Images
Emergency food sources for long-term survival.
consistently for an extended amount of

time. This cannot only result in mental
degradation, but also in death in extreme
circumstances.
One thing that will help is to incorporate foods into your daily diet that are part
of your storage strategy. Having a variety
of sustenance items is not only a matter
of physical survival in dire circumstances,
but mental as well.
The logic behind those food-reserve
figures and the appetite fatigue scare
is that everyone should be prepared to
weather various storms (natural or manmade) at various times throughout their
lives. Having substantial stores of food on
hand can relieve a lot of stress when the
decision has to be made between a mortgage payment and a meal. However, add
to that factor an evacuation scenario and
the weight of all of that stored sustenance
becomes a serious consideration as to
...one of the
worst things
that you
can do in a
contingency
situation is
to drastically
change
your diet by
ingesting
foreign foods.
Getty Images
Depending on the source, standard

recommendations for a one-year
food reserve for one adult male that
contains meats, grains, legumes, dairy
products, sugars, fruits and vegetables
weighs in around 755 pounds. That
doesnt even include water! Imagine that
number doubled for a couple, and add an
additional two thirds of that number for
each toddler and pre-adolescent residing
in the household.
Its no secret that building up your
emergency food supply is important and
necessary. The quick and easy solution
is stocking up on MREs and canned
goods. But one of the worst things that
you can do in a contingency situation is to
drastically change your diet by ingesting
foreign foods. This can cause appetite
fatigue, a situation more prevalent in
small children and older folks, and can
affect anyone who consumes something
BY RUSS ADLER
Emergency
Food Stash
Sources
W
hether youre preparing for a natural disaster or to escape societal collapse, youll
need to stockpile a large quantity of shelf-stable
food. Check out the following options for expanding your long-term food supply.
Harvest Right
Photos Courtesy FarmDaddy
Growing, making or hunting food is of little utility

if you lack the means of preservation for those
times when it is not plentiful. Salt, chemical
preservatives and the mechanical maintenance
of low temperatures can all serve to postpone
the inevitable decay and degradation that leave
otherwise fine foods inedible, but each takes its
toll on taste, nutritional value or resources. For
long-term food preservation, nothing compares to
freeze-drying.
In essence, freeze-drying removes water from
food without any change in taste or nutritional
value. In the past, the equipment required to
manage this process was bulky, complex and
expensive. Now, thanks to Harvest Right, freezedrying is finally within reach of the common man.
The freeze-drying process is fully automated in
the Harvest Right dryer. Prepare the food to be
dried and place it on trays for insertion into the
machine. Press the power switch and you are
done. The resulting freeze-dried products have a
shelf life of between 15 and 25 years. While not
cheap, this machine is remarkably productive,
and the expense could be spread around a couple
of like-minded families if need be. (harvestright.
com; 800-700-5508)
Photos Courtesy Harvest Right
Farming used to require lots of land,

sunlight and water, but todays high-tech
offerings allow you to harvest dozens of
crops for sustenance in any environment.
Thrive Life
Harvest Right offers heavy-duty freeze-driers that

can offer you viable food options with a shelf life of
15 to 25 years if prepared correctly.
Nothing preserves food so well and for so long as

does freeze-drying but the equipment needed to
prep food yourself via this process is expensive.
If your circumstances are such that you cannot
justify your own machine, Thrive Life produces a
wide variety of wholesome foods that are already
preserved. If stored in a cool dark place, Thrive
Life freeze-dried foods have a 25-year shelf life.
Thrive Life grows its own foods and then
freeze-dries them onsite to ensure complete control over the process and to guarantee freshness.
Its product offerings are broad and the company
even offers quantity discounts. (thrivelife.com;
877-743-5373)
MRE Star
While many civilian MREs offer substandard

components that are cut-rate and show it, MRE
Star is a military supplier. The companys MREs
are the same quality as those our GIs carry into
battle. Any time you might require shelf-stable,
high-quality food that is available anyplace, MRE
Star can hook you up. (mrestar.com; 866-6806737) Will Dabbs, MD
ater is the number one

survival must-have.
Additionally, it is essential that
you include it in your storage
plan as well. However, keeping
bottles or even gallons of water
for long-term survival scenarios isnt the most practical
plan. Large containers take up
valuable space or create more
weight if you are bugging out,
and after the two-week mark,
standing water may become
undrinkable.
FEMA Photos
Pure Results
While water is space prohibitive for storing, there are many

alternative methods of ensuring
water is safe to drink that will
give you options. Filtration systems, stills and other purification methods can take the most
contaminated water source and
render it useable.
The Potable Aqua PURE
is a miniature electrolytic
generator that converts salt
water into a mixed-oxidant
disinfectant that can purify
dirty water in volumes ranging from 1 liter up to 20
liters. The process
takes about 20 seconds for 1 liter and
up to 6.5 minutes
for 20 liters, with
wait times from
30 minutes for
bacteria, viruses
and Giardia and
up to four hours for
Cryptosporidium.
This compact unit is
extremely durable, meeting
military freeze, thaw, drop and
load-bearing capabilities. It
can be charged via a USB port
or through the integrated solar
panel, purifying up 150 liters
per charge. During my test and
evaluation of this product, I
Photo Courtesy Potable Aqua
Securing
Safe Water
Dont get wiped out by a power

outage. Make sure you stockpile
lots of non-perishable options.
found it to be user friendly with

easy-to-understand instructions
and a convenient storage pouch.
I would highly recommend this
device be added to anyones
EDC vehicle kit or go bag, as it
can ensure an unlimited supply
of drinkable water for you and
your family during a disaster.
(potableaqua.com; 800-5586614) Russ Adler
Russ Adler Photos
The PURE converts saltwater into a

mixed-oxidant disinfectant that can
then purify dirty water.
Consider the weight of your

suppliesespecially food and
waterwhen drafting your plans.
There are a couple of

revolutionary self-sustaining
food sources...adaptable and
scalable to any environment...
what should be taken and what should be
left. But what if you could just take your
means of sustenance and not your entire
survival cache?
Grow Your Own
An alternative method of food storage

is the living element. Growing your own
fruits and vegetables and raising livestock
is nothing new in the preparedness and
self-sufficient lifestyle world, but the
type and methodology can be looked

at further for efficiency. Considerations
include the type of environment that you
live in, whether its urban, suburban or
rural. There are a couple of revolutionary
self-sustaining food sources and growing
methods that are adaptable and scalable
to any environment or location.
Endless Food Systems offers aquaponics kits that can be adapted to any
size family in any environment. From
Endless Food Systems offers

aquaponic kits that are scalable to
any preppers needs.
Photos Courtesy Endless Food Systems
An Endless Food System kit creates

a closed environment that fertilizes
itself for growing crops.
a small urban apartment to a sprawling

rural homestead, aquaponics is one of the
fastest growing and simplistic methods of
producing a sustainable food supply.
The system uses a water tank that
contains your favorite kind of fish and
a grow bed that contains clay pellets
mounted on top of the tank. A simple,
low-voltage pump system is used to pump
fish water (a natural fertilizer) into the
grow bed above. The plant roots and clay
Alternative Survival Foods
Nick Jacobellis Photos
Dry rations (right) are great

but often typically require
water and preparation time.
Consider canned goods
and prepackaged foods to
supplement your supplies.
n addition to stockpiling some

quantity of MREs and other food
products that are specifically
manufactured for long-term storage,
you should also stockpile alternative
survival foods that also have
a relatively long shelf life. The
number one benefit of stockpiling
alternative survival foods that can
be purchased in local stores is that
you can save a great deal of money
while building your supply of food
if you shop when specific items are
on sale. Buying in bulk in popular
food warehouse stores is another
excellent way to build your stockpile.
Another worthwhile consumer tactic
is to shop with a senior citizen on
days when sales are offered by local
supermarkets to folks who are over
a certain age.
The key to stockpiling alternative food supplies is to rotate your
stockpile so the items that have the
oldest recommended sale date are
consumed first. You must also be

diligent about replacing items that
you use from your supply of stockpiled food and bottled water.
Sealed Meals
In addition to their nutritional value,

canned/jarred or packaged food
items are critical to posses, because
these types of food do not require
any form of preparation, including
being heated up or cooked, in order
to be consumed. These particular
alternative food rations can also be
consumed on the move and when
you stop take a break.
Cold Rations
Great choices for cold rations include

family-size jars of peanut butter,
cans of sardines in oil, tuna fish,
Spam, any type of beans, chili, beef
stew, Kind bars, cereal fruit bars,
high-quality dark chocolate, bags of
hemp, chia, flax and pumpkin seeds,
pellets filter the water, which then drains

back into the fish tank, keeping it clean.
The grow bed is capable of growing your
favorite fruits and vegetables, including
root vegetables, which can be immediately consumed upon harvest or canned
and stored for a later time.
Endless Food Systems offers a variety
of sizes for its tanks and grow beds,
and some models are even expandable
depending on how much room you have
to dedicate to this type of food production. A bonus to this system is that the
components can be disassembled and
moved if necessary.
bags of walnuts and almonds, bags

of jerky, dried Italian sausage, bags
of dried fruits, plastic jars of honey
and certain brands of cereal.
You must remember that certain
types of food have a distinct aroma
once the cans are opened, including
canned fish. This is an important
point because the time may come
when you will want to go dark
and not reveal your position to potential armed adversaries or hungry/
starving survivors who can approach
your position if they smell whatever it
is that you are eating. Even the sight
of a campfire, especially at night, can
motivate unwanted individuals
to get too close for comfort.
Dry Rations
The problem with nutritious dry

alternative rations is that these food
items require some level of preparation that usually involves boiling
water. Anyone who is serious about
Another portable growing method

that utilizes a unique watering system
requiring no electricity is FarmDaddy.
This container system has a valve-type
mechanical sensor that determines how
much water the plants in the container
need, and opens the valve to release only
the amount of water needed before shutting off. Multiple units can be attached
with small connector hoses in between,
each with their own valve. These units
can be fed by a standard water hose from
a spigot or a gravity-fed rain collection
system, and can grow just about anything,
including small fruit trees.
stockpiling a supply of alternative

survival foods that have a reasonably
long shelf life should purchase
boxes of oatmeal, bags of lentils,
boxes of pasta, sacks of rice, dried
pinto beans, cases of instant ramen
soup and bags of quinoa. If you are
surviving with infants and children,
you will also need a supply of powdered milk/powdered baby
formula. It is also recommend that
you maintain a consistent supply of
instant coffee, tea bags, powdered
creamer, salt, pepper, sugar and
sugar substitutes.
Whether you are able to shelter
in place or you are compelled to
relocate to a safe zone, you will also
need to possess acceptable forms of
currency and items of value that can
be used to purchase/barter for the
critical necessities of life when your
stockpile of supplies are consumed.
To do otherwise would be foolish and
irresponsible. Nick Jacobellis
Mobile Life Support
Fruits, vegetables and fish are all great

options for healthy, sustainable living, but
a variety of proteins will help in decreasing the likelihood of appetite fatigue.
When space and possible transportation
are considerations in the selection of
your meat source in the sustainable-living
arena, rabbits are a great source.
High in protein and low in cholesterol, rabbits have a very quick gestation
cycle at approximately 28 days. Smaller
breeds may yield anywhere from two to
four bunnies per litter, while some of the
larger breeds can yield up to eight. The
Bunny Hut Rabbitry breeds and sells not

only rabbits, but also chickens, ducks and
alpacas as well. The companys founders initially added four ducks to their
homestead and in less than a year now
have over 40. Ducks are high in protein,
produce richer and heartier eggs than
chickens and are very resilient. You can
also buy custom cages for permanent
housing structures as well as portable
units for transportation purposes.
Being able to transport and reestablish
a sustainment and storage pattern is as
important as food variety, and any design
should be broken down into manageable
weights and dimensions in case the need
to evacuate arises. Live options such as
plants and animals should be part of that
process as well.
Being able
to transport
and reestablish a
sustainment
and storage
pattern is as
important as
food variety...
Your vehicle and method of transport will determine what and how much
of it you can take, and how far. Various
methods for transporting the previously
mentioned plants, animals and associated
containers can be a utility trailer, large and
mid-sized sport-utility vehicles as well as
pickup trucks.
The key to maintaining a healthy
outlook and way of life during adversity
is to have a well-organized plan that
contains not only methods of storage, but
a continual plan of how to produce and
transport what is necessary to survive
long-term catastrophic events.
Endless Food Systems
endlessfoodsystems.com;
602-845-9990
FarmDaddy
farmdaddy.com; 407-310-8270
The Bunny Hut Rabbitry
thebunnyhutrabbitry.weebly.com;
386-754-3710
SELF-RELIANCE + DEFENSE
DID YOU KNOW?
Recognize Stroke
Symptoms
A stroke occurs when oxygen and vital

nutrients carried in the blood are cut off from
the brain. According to the American Stroke
Association, nearly 700,000 Americans
suffer strokes each year. Nearly 25 percent
of those victims die. A stroke is a serious
medical emergency. The victim has only two
to six hours to stop permanent brain damage.
Knowing the signs and getting to a hospital as
quickly as possible are critical. Stroke symptoms include:
1. Confusion or difficulty speaking or
understanding. Ask the victim to repeat the
following: You cant teach an old dog new
tricks. Slurred words, using the wrong words
or an inability to speak are stroke symptoms.
2. Numbness or weakness of the face,
arms or legs, especially on one side of the
body. Often an affected limb on the opposite
side of the body from where the stroke occurred will go numb, feel weak or be unable
to move. Stretch out both arms with palms up
for 10 seconds. If one arm drifts down, that
indicates muscle weakness. Also, with their
eyes open, lift one leg at a time.
3. Trouble walking, loss of balance or dizziness. Dont confuse these symptoms with
inebriation or the flu.
4. Severe headache with no known cause.
Women are more likely to have a headache
with a stroke than men. Dont hesitate to ask
for an MRI in the emergency room.
5. Sagging facial muscles. If one side of
the face appears to be sagging or doesnt
move, ask the victim to smile, stick out his/her
tongue or show their teeth. The weakness will
be obvious. source: stroke.org
4Use like twine to secure bags.

4Use it as fishing line. Its the equivalent of
20-pound test line.
4Repair tears in clothing or tarps.
4Make a bow drill to start a fire and use waxed
floss to bind kindling. When lit, floss will burn
like a candle wick.
4Use unwaxed floss to tie food to a stick for
cooking over an open fire.
4Secure your food out of an animals reach.
4Tie a tarp to a tree to make a shelter.
4Braid several strands together for replacement shoelaces.
4Use as a suture to close wounds.
4Make a trip line for an early warning of unwanted visitors.
4Can be used as a clothesline to hang wet
clothes to dry.
4Secure gear to the outside of your carry pack.
4Tie it through the frame of your glasses to
replace a lost screw.
4Secure pants and sleeves against cold and
rainy weather, or to keep out chiggers and ticks.
4Save the empty container to store small items
source: thepreparedninja.com;
crisissurvivortips.com; happypreppers.com
Stay In Touch
The Red Cross Emergency

App provides instant access to emergency alerts,
life-saving information and
ways to contact family and friends in one free,
easy-to-use app for smartphones and tablets.
It includes content about what to do in case
of 14 different types of emergencies
and disasters. Users can customize
more than 35 emergency alerts based
on their location and
where loved ones live.
The apps features
include:
4Family Safe
allows people to notify
loved ones who are in
an area affected by an
emergency or disaster.
4Make A Plan
helps families figure
out what to do if a disaster strikes.
4Preloaded emergency preparedness content is available in English and Spanish, and it
can be accessed without mobile connectivity
4A map with open Red Cross shelter locations and weather information.
The app is available in app stores by
searching for the American Red Cross or by
going to redcross.org/apps.
Big Stock Photos
Emergency Uses
For Dental Floss
Escape An
Active Shooter
A recent study out of the University of

Alabama shows that the United States has
more mass shootings than any other country
(phys.org). Authorities are advising the public
to take one of three actions to stay alive during these incidents.
1. Run: If you can get out of the building
or out the violence, then do so, but you have
to know that you can get out safely. You must
have good information of where the violence
is and you have to know where youre going.
You shouldnt run out of a safe zone to a
place where you may be in danger.
2. Hide: To hide during an activeshooter incident means to lock and barricade
the door, turn off the lights and put everybody
out of view of the windows, if possible.
3. Fight: While youre hiding, youre
going to prepare yourself for the third optionto fight for your life. If the first time you
ever think about how youre going to react
to a violent encounter is when its actually
happening, you probably wont be successful.
source: wishtv.com
Campus Fire Safety
With many students returning to their

universities from spring break, educating
them on campus fire safety and how to stay
safe is important. According to the U.S. Fire
Administration (USFA), U.S. fire departments responded to an average of 3,800
structure fires in college dormitories and
Greek housing in recent years. The National
Fire Protection Association indicates these
fires cause an annual average of two civilian
deaths, 30 civilian fire injuries and $9.4
million in property damage. To encourage
students to take prevention actions that can
save their lives, the USFA recommends:
4Using safe flameless candles.
4Keeping lamps, light fixtures and light
bulbs away from anything that can burn.
4Only using surge protectors or power
strips that have internal overload
protection.
4If a fire starts in a microwave, keep the
door closed and unplug the unit.
source: usfa.fema.gov
DHS DOES NOT ENDORSE THIS ARTICLE, SURVIVORS EDGE OR REALWORLDSURVIVOR.COM.
RUGER 10/22 TAKEDOWN
C O N V E N I E N T F O R S T O R A G E A N D T R A N S P O R T A T I ON
The Ruger 10/22 Takedown combines all of the features and functionality of the 10/22 rie,
with the ability to easily separate the barrel and action for convenient storage and transportation.
The simple reassembly of the barrel and action yields a rock-solid return to zero for consistent,
reliable performance. Packed in convenient carry-case (included), the Ruger 10/22
Takedown makes it easy to keep Americas favorite rimre rie by your side.
Barrel and Action Easily Separated and

Reassembled for Ease of Transportation and Storage
Patented, Detachable
10-Round
Rotary Magazine
Recessed
Locking Lever
Join Ruger and help us raise $4,000,000 for the NRA.
RUGER .COM/2MILLION
2016 Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc.
022316
ENEMIES
AMONG
US
Identify and report suspicious
activity to disrupt a future
terrorist attack!
A small townhouse in Redlands, California,

was very popular. It got deliveries at all
hours, and the residents seemed to work in
the garage all night long, when most people are
usually asleep. Some of the neighbors thought it
was strange, but no one thought it unusual enough
to call the police and report this odd behavior.
One neighbor reportedly noticed this suspicious activity at the house but didnt want to
report the activity out of an unfounded fear. That
fear materialized when its occupants conducted
a terrorist attack and fatally shot 14 people and
wounded dozens of others in San Bernardino,
California. After the attack, investigators seized
roughly 4,500 rounds of ammunition, 12 pipebomb-type devices and bomb-making tools, yet
no one reported this suspicious activity. This was a
tragedy that may have been averted had someone

paid attention and took action.
Stay Alert
Like anything in life, paying attention to your surroundings is a key to survival. Situational awareness at its core is being aware of things around
you and identifying whats out of place. Criminals
of every swath use this well. They often identify
their prey largely by targeting victims that arent
paying attention and using good situational awareness. For instances, you shouldnt jog off a trail at
dusk. You should notice any cars parked in an unlit
and lightly traveled area. And you shouldnt ignore
screams in the distance. All of these scenarios, if
paid attention to early on, could be a key to avoiding or surviving any hazardous situation.
123RF Photo
Movies and TV shows are rife with

bad guys, but they might not be
so obvious in the real world. Pay
attention at all times to avoid trouble.
The freeze response is one of the most

deadly physiological responses to a crisis.
Overcoming a freeze response with movement
can take you from victim to victor.
a target, watch it to pick up on patterns,
behavior, etc., and then strike when the
opportunity is right. Telegraphing a target
of opportunity versus being a hard target
can mean the difference between bad
guys choosing to target you or someone
else. The less appealing you make yourself
as a target, the lower your chances of a
bad guy selecting you as prey.
As previously mentioned, bad guys
tend to target their prey. This is also
referred to as scanning. Someone who is
scanning is usually moving their head from
side to side while their eyes appear to be
searching for somethingusually their
next target. Surveilling is the next step
after scanning. This is when a bad guy
has identified a target and then watches
it to pick up on behavior patterns. This
is where your situational awareness can
help and alert you that someone might be
watching you.
Once they have enough information, or
if you catch them watching you, they may
divert their gaze away from you. When
a person is trying to mentally process a
Never park in a dark area, but if

you must, be wary for hiding spots
and those predators lurking in the
shadows, waiting to pounce.
Hard Target
Pre-attack behavior comes in many forms,

but it maintains some key patterns. Paying
attention to these warning signs could
save your life. All bad guys tend to stalk
their prey in one form of another. Preattack surveillance allows them to identify
123RF Photo
Bad guys are often portrayed in

movies and TV shows as devious and in
many cases hideous looking. The villain
is often shown lurking in dark corners,
pacing about like a caged animal waiting
for something to pounce on. The movies
often show the villain dressed in black or
dark colors, and often with some type of
fixation or mental issue.
While some of these traits might be
part of a villains personality, its a mistake
to believe that villians in the real world
adhere to any stereotypes. In Ohio, Ariel
Castro seemed normal. He drove a bus
and lived in a regular neighborhood, in a
two-story, four-bedroom home. From all
outward appearances, he was normal.
This normal guy was anything but, and
from 2002 to 2004 he abducted and
physically and sexually abused three
young women. This villain confined
Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry and Georgina DeJesus in a basement prison while
the outside world saw nothing unusual.
So, despite the stereotypes, seemingly
normal people can easily be villains.
situation, it is difficult to multitask, and if

they are staring at you and you interrupt
their thoughtthe gotcha momentits
a natural reaction to divert your eyes from
what you are looking at.
Another potential reaction after they
divert their glance is an attempt to conceal
their face. Someone on the verge of an

attack may attempt to conceal their stress
by hiding their face. This way they attempt
to not give any indicators away.
A bad guy will also go through some
physiological changes just prior to attacking. One of these is someone exhibiting
shallow and rapid breathing. This physiological anomaly is an indicator of stress
and agitationwhen the body is trying to
oxygenate itself just prior to action. When
adrenaline is coursing through an agitated
person, their hands and feet might be
trembling or shaking. This is another indication of a potential attacker in an agitated
state. A potential attacker may also start
to assume an attack-like position, often an
involuntary action of the body.
Avoid The Attack
One of the first steps to avoiding an attack

is to be aware. As indicated before, situational awareness of your surroundings and
the people around you can be the most
effective way to avoid walking into trouble.
Picking up on what many people consider
strange behavior could be a key that helps
you survive. When in doubt, listen to your
internal voice.
Planning in life is always important,
and even more so when it comes to lifeand-death situations. Whenever you walk
into any situation, your mind should be
examining what-if scenarios. Looking
at your present situation, you should be
asking yourself what you would do if X,
Y or Z happens. Where are the escape
routes? Where can you hide? Questions
like these, thought out ahead of time, may
become muscle memory if something bad
actually happens.
Part of your plan will also involve movementmovement can keep you safe by
transporting you from an unsafe situation
to a safe one. Movement is automatically part of any plan, and thinking about
your movement can overcome a freeze
response that may inhibit survival. The
freeze response is one of the most deadly
physiological responses to a crisis. Overcoming a freeze response with movement
can take you from victim to victor.
Say Something
What all of this amounts to is keying on

specific behaviors of people. Certain
behaviors are more indicative of criminal
acts than others, and if you are paying
Big Stock Photo
Certain behaviors are more

indicative of
criminal acts
than others,
and if you are
paying attention
to those behaviors, it could
be a lifesaver.
attention to those behaviors, it could
be a lifesaver. Like the public service
message says, if you see something, say
something. In almost every incident of
victim crime that occurs, in its aftermath
someone says, I thought that looked
suspicious. But, just like in the San
Bernardino attack last year, people are
reluctant to say something out of often
unfounded fears.
Police across the United States have
a mission to keep you safe. Arguably,
keeping someone safe or protecting
them from harm is the part of the job that
keeps them going. The police never mind
a call to report something or someone
suspicious. In many cases, the mere
presence of police may thwart a bad
thing from happening.
At the entrance to the Stade de
France in Paris, the magnetometers and
uniformed security did just thatthey
kept the suicide bombers outside the stadium. Those uniformed security arguably
saved many lives by their mere presence.
Despite the anti-police rhetoric that
some mistakenly believe, when danger
lurks, the most important thing you can
do is call the police quickly and let them
investigate the matter.
Tragedy can strike at a moments notice. While you may not be able to avoid
a bad situation, and since bad guys dont
always look like they do in the movies,
the key to surviving any bad situation is
to assess, respond and react.
ESCAPE
A TRANSIT
ATTACK
Survive your daily commute with
these lifesaving counterstrikes. BY DAN VIGIL
he most important skill in self-defense
is avoidance. If you can recognize trouble
before it happens, and not be there when
it does, you will survive. Unfortunately for
the millions of Americans who use public
transportation, its not that simple. The
moment you step onto a bus or train and
join a crowd of people you dont know in
an extremely confined space, your escape
options are limited. If you are attacked,
youll have to fight back, and do it in a way
that fits the challenges of the environment.
Statistically, the most common types
of attacks that happen on public transit
are simple assaults. These are unarmed
attacks that attempt to inflict serious, but
not great, bodily harm. This distinction is
important, because it usually means you
are not legally justified in the use of lethal
force. If you carry a gun, you would probably not be justified in drawing it, so youll
have to rely on good tactics, street smarts
and empty-hand fighting skills.
> Limit Your

Exposure
Following the installation of a $26 million

network of security cameras, Chicago
reported a 40-percent drop in violent
crime on its mass-transit system known as
the L. This data tells us empirically what
we already know intuitively: Cameras deter
crime. As such, standing in full view of a
cameraor better still, a 911 emergency
call buttoncan make you a much less

appealing target.
When waiting at a station, choose a
place where your back is covered and you
have the largest view of your environment.
Dont stick your head in a magazine or fire
up your iPhone; keep your eyes moving
and let the people around you see you
seeing them. Be aware of your nearest
exits and escape routes should you have
to flee. Pay attention to the footing you
have if you should have to fight. Look for
suspicious people and circumstances,
and be prepared to act. By focusing on
your surroundings, youll make yourself
less of a target, but if a confrontation does
present itself, knowing your next move
in advance may make all the difference
between stopping your opponent or being
hurt, robbed and embarrassed.
When on the bus or train itself, stand,
dont sit, if possible. If you have to face
an assailant, its better to do so on your
feet. While you may feel compelled to
find a quiet corner in the back, this is not
a recommended location. Though it does
protect your back, your limited visibility
to other passengers may be a draw to
would-be troublemakers. Additionally, if a
physical confrontation should arise, your
assailant will be between you and possible
escape. Its better to stand by any nearby
exits where a hasty retreat can be made
on the fly if necessary.
> Close Quarters

In most mass-transit systems, there are
only a couple feet between rows of seats
and in the aisle. As the transport fills
up, people encroach into those spaces,
severely limiting your space to fight and
maneuver. The doors are often closed for
minutes at a time, literally locking you in a
confined space with your assailant.
This small, enclosed environment creates some unique challenges. Chief among
them is the lack of space behind you. You
cannot step back to avoid a blow and, if
you try, you may end up pinning yourself
against a vertical obstacle. This further
reduces your mobility and leaves you
vulnerable to having your head bounced
off that obstacle when fists start flying.
Confined areas also limit your options
to strike back. Kicks are almost useless
and even the full extension of an arm for
palm strikes and punches may be impossible due to disadvantageous positioning.
If your skill set is limited to conventional
striking arts like karate or taekwondo, you
may be way out of your element in a fight
where eye strikes, knees, elbows and
grappling rule the day.
While a physical altercation in such
extreme close quarters seems daunting,
by understanding the environment and
having a plan to work within its limitations,
you can turn the tables. The goal of any
encounter is to turn the predator into prey.
Getty Images
Look for suspicious people

and circumstances, and
be prepared to act.
youll have to rely on good tactics, street

smarts and empty-hand fighting skills.
Rather than fearing being stuck in a box
with your assailant, rejoice that hes stuck in
a box with you.
> Strike Back

The first priority in any violent encounter
is stopping power. And one of the most
reliable ways to stop an aggressor without making use of a weapon is through
incapacitation. In other words, knock him
out. Unconscious people cant attack
anyone. Though this may seem a big challengeparticularly in the confined space of
a subway carwith three simple principles
and a little practice anyone can learn to hit
with the best of them.
1. Learn to generate power from the
hips and glutes. Bruce Lee made famous
the 1-inch punch, a signature technique
where he held a clenched fist only 1 inch
away from the chest of a partner and struck
him hard enough to send him flying through
the air. While this technique has limited
combat application, it does demonstrate
the possibilities for creating tremendous
power in short distances. The key is to use
your glutes and quadriceps to push against

the floor to create an explosive rotation
of your core. This dynamic generates the
power for strikes and works exceptionally
well with elbows and knees. It produces
devastating results when you
2. Strike at upward angles. While
horizontal space may be limited by seats,
walls and people, vertical space is not.
Knees that rise into the groin, upward
elbow strikes and the infamous chin jab
from World War II combatives work extremely well in confined quarters, especially when fueled by good body mechanics.
All these strikes can have a measurable,
fight-stopping effect on your would-be
attacker if correctly executed.
Upward strikes are also useful because
they allow you to hit effectively from a
seated position. If possible, fight your way
up to your feet, standing up aggressively
by pushing against the floor with your legs
and rising into a chin jab. Harness the
kinetic energy of bolting to your feet
and youll have your unlucky aggressor
spitting Chiclets for sure.
Stand, dont sit,

near the exit and be
aware of others.
FENDING OFF A BUS OR TRAIN AMBUSH:
1. Grab the back of your aggressors right elbow with your left hand to gain an index and limit his access to a potential concealed weapon. Drive your
right foot into the floor and strike explosively with your palm heel beneath his chin. 2. Follow with a low-line knee to the groin. Pointing your toes to
the ground will increase your speed, accuracy and power. 3. Seize your assailant and, if called for, slam his head into something hard.
Dominic Mileto Photos
According to statistics, most violent attacks are

preceded by a process of victim selection. By
being aware and alert wherever you go, a potential
assailant may pass you over altogether. But if he
doesnt, youll be able to see him coming and react
quickly and decisively if needed.
3. Use the environment as a weapon.

Subway trains and buses are filled with all
kinds of hard surfaces and sharp corners.
These make excellent opportunities to
put the finishing touches on a dazed
opponent. Grab him by the clothes, hair,
limbs or scruff of his neck and slam him

into whatever is available. Repeat these
steps much as necessary, but remember
that this tactic represents a higher level of
force than unarmed strikes alone. Use it
judiciously and carefully.
The key to surviving any situation is

understanding your environment and
adapting your skills to it. If you ride public
transportation, master the concepts outlined in this article and use them to shape
your training and your fighting skill set.
F Kimber PepperBlaster
Each PepperBlaster unit contains two

charges activated by a common doubleaction trigger. A built-in swing-away safety
keeps the device on safe until the operator is ready to fire but allows instant access
when needed. Unlike most conventional
pepper spray devices that incorporate a
pressurized cylinder that can degrade over
time, the PepperBlaster is driven by a pair of
pistons that are powered by a pyrotechnic
charge activated by the trigger. As a result,
the PepperBlaster can ride safely and inconspicuously for years until called upon in an
emergency. The PepperBlaster II resembles
a small polymer-framed handgun while the
original PepperBlaser looks more akin to a
small cellphone. (kimberamerica.com;
888-243-4522)
CRISIS GEAR
Everyday-carry tools
to give you the edge
in any situation.
BY WILL DABBS, MD
Most emergency situations are unexpected,

come-as-you-are affairs. Frequently, what
you have on you at the time will be all the
tools you have available. Fortunately, there
are some really innovative folks who have
turned their attention to this thorny problem
and developed a lot of multi-function gear
that is portable enough for everyday carry.
Here are some of the latest and greatest
for 2016 when it comes to gear you can
reasonably carry on your trek through life.
F Kershaw TX-Tool
The new Kershaw TX-Tool is a pocket-sized knife maintenance tool that doubles as a
general utility driver. The TX-Tool includes five key bits plus slotted and Phillips bits to
tighten screws or adjust the tension on a variety of knives. A magnetic bit driver makes
swapping bits easy. The bits store inside the handle, and the handy pocket clip secures
the tool as easily as a pen or pencil. The bits are steel, the handle is aluminum and the tool
measures only 4.8 inches long. (kershawknives.com; 800-325-2891)
F Brite-Strike EPLI
The Brite-Strike Executive Precision

Lighting Instrument (EPLI) was designed specifically to provide a highquality, reliable source of brilliant illumination. With a maximum output of
160 lumens in a pen-sized platform,
the EPLI brings professional-grade
performance to a tidy chassis. The
EPLI includes high, low and strobe
functions, and it will typically run for a
half-hour on its high setting and up to
2.5 hours on low or strobe with a pair
of standard AAA batteries. The EPLI
is 5.12 inches long and comes in its
own stylish gift box. (brite-strike.
com; 508-746-8701)
BioLite
PowerLight Mini
The new PowerLight Mini enables you to see, be seen and stay
charged practically anywhere.
Think of this light as a clippable
lantern that moves with you when
youre biking to work or walking
down a dark alley. This rechargeable light provides up to 52 hours of
light with four lighting modes: white
lantern, red night vision, strobe and
point light. It can also be used to
power up your phone, and a bike
mount is included. Keep hours of
power on your person with this slim
but highly capable little light source.
(bioliteenergy.com)
SOG Cash Card
The SOG Cash Card is the minimalists dream knife.

Weighing only 2 ounces and built to SOGs expected
level of quality, the Cash Card is a money clip/pocket
knife you can always have on you. Boasting a 2.75inch, clip-point blade, the Cash Card opens easily
with one hand and is made from robust stainless
steel. (sogknives.com; 425-771-6230)
F Survive Outdoors
Longer Traverse
The Survive Outdoors Longer Traverse is a compact survival kit that

is small enough to ride comfortably
in a pocket but covers four fundamental areas of survival: shelter,
fire, water, signaling. This no-frills
kit includes an emergency blanket,
water purification tablets, a Fire
Lite Sparker and Tinder Quik, a slim
rescue Howler whistle and survival
instructions. The entire kit fits neatly
into a pressed aluminum box that
itself has dozens of uses in a survival
situation. Its small, inexpensive and
practical enough to offer genuine
utility. (surviveoutdoorslonger.
com; 800-324-3517)
Kershaw Jens Anso
Carabiner
Designed by Danish custom knifemaker Jens

Anso, the Kershaw Carabiner incorporates a cord
cutter, a bottle opener, hex drivers and a carabiner
gate in an affordable and robust stainless steel
chassis. The Kershaw Carabiner snaps onto most
anything for easy carry and comes in black, blue
and grey colors. This versatile carabiner is nearly
weightless and could serve as a handy improvised
weapon in a pinch as well.
(kershawknives.com;
800-325-2891)
Zippo
Windproof
Lighters
Efficient and effective, the

compact design of the Zippo
lighter is timeless. The classic
housing is available with literally countless different adornments and decorations, but
at its heart the Zippo lighter is
the very image of simplicity.
The flip-open top protects the
workings of the device when
stored in a pocket and the
perforated chimney provides
a reliable flame in harsh
conditions. (zippo.com;
888-442-1932)
BulletSafe Bulletproof
Baseball Cap
The BulletSafe Bulletproof Baseball Cap offers

discreet ballistic protection for the head that
can be worn anytime and anywhere. Designed
originally for police and security guards, the Bulletproof Baseball Cap offers Level IIA protection
against .380 ACP, .38 Special, 9mm, .40 S&W
and .45 ACP rounds. This cap includes a hard
plate of compressed polyethylene that covers the
front third of the hat to offer ballistic coverage for
the head from frontal aspects while remaining
unobtrusive. Lightweight and comfortable enough
for daily wear, the Bulletproof Baseball Cap is
available in three different sizes. (bulletsafe.
com; 800-809-0610)
fSnugpak SquadPak
The SquadPak by Snugpak is a versatile

and robust over-the-shoulder utility bag.
Covered with MOLLE webbing on front
and back, the bag can be customized
for individual missions and applications.
The main compartment is intelligently
divided with zippered mesh bags and
slots for pens, cards and sundry items.
Multiple dividers and pouches keep
gear organized and readily accessible.
The SquadPak has a padded carrying handle on top as well as a wide
shoulder strap with a shoulder pad
to distribute weight. The SquadPak
is tough enough for hard use in the
field yet stylish enough to tote around
town. With enough space for food,
basic gear or books, and a weapon
if the circumstances demand it,
the SquadPak is adequate to
keep a single operator supported
in the field. (snugpakusa.com;
305-436-7984)
SOG ParaTool
The SOG ParaTool is the only

multi-tool that incorporates a
multiple-angled plier head designed to reach into awkward
spots. The comfortable grip
handles are smooth on the outside and feature SOGs classic
ventilation holes for maximum
gripping. The 14 incorporated
functions include multi-angle
needle-nosed pliers, a threesided file, a fully serrated
blade, a bolt grip channel and
a straight-edge blade. The
ParaTool from SOG closes to
4.3 inches and weighs only
6.2 ounces. (sogknives.com;
425-771-6230)
F Steel Will Censor
The Censor from Steel Will is a compact, fixed-blade knife designed for daily use. With an
ergonomic overall curve and a razor-sharp edge, the Censor is a dedicated close-combat tool.
The overall length is a portable 7.68 inches with 3.5 inches of cutting edge on the end. The
Censor comes with a robust, rigid sheath that sports multiple carry options and a nylon handle.
The blade is made from AUS-8 steel. For quick use in tight quarters, the Censor is a handy and
effective everyday-carry weapon. (steelwillknives.com; 877-969-0909)
LazerBrite
Flashlight System
The LazerBrite Modular LED

Light System reinvents the flashlight. Traditional glowsticks glow
and flashlights produce a beam,
but the LazerBrite Modular LED
Lighting System does both, and a whole
lot more. These modular LED lights can emulate a glow
stick, function as a wide-angle flashlight, split into two lights
for sharing, produce a focused spot and can also be linked
together to create a longer light baton in a variety of color
combinations. The LazerBrite is waterproof, visible in darkness from over a mile away and made in the U.S.A.
(lazerbrite.com; 888-740-4327)
LOKSAK
LOKSAK waterproof storage

sacks are made from heavyduty plastic and are remarkably
effective. Available in a variety of
sizes, LOKSAKs protect everything from cash to cell phones to
assault rifles from water and the
elements. Just drop something
in the sack and squeeze the top
shut. Think of it as a zip-seal
bag on steroids. The resulting
LOKSAK package
F Outdoor Edge Razor-Lite EDC
is hermetically sealed and

waterproof down to 200 feet.
The LOKSAK provides protection from water, humidity, sand
or snow. Similarly, SHIELDSAK
versions provide comparable
protection against electromagnetic interference for cell phones
and credit cards as well. (loksak.
com; 239-331-5550)
The Razor-Lite EDC is a knife system that incorporates

replaceable razor blades in a package that is imminently
portable, accessible and attractive. Available in several
colors, the Razor-Lite EDC is suitable for everyday defense
and utility tasks, and it comes with a removable/replaceable
pocket clip for easy carry. The Razor-Lite EDC is literally
razor sharp and weighs about nothing. When the blade
inevitably dulls, just drop in a replacement. The Razor-Lite
EDC opens with one hand and comes with six replacement
blades. (outdooredge.com; 800-447-3343)
Coast HP3R
Rechargeable Penlight
The HP3R is as small as a writing pen yet produces

brilliant white light from its long-lasting LED bulb.
The light is adjustable from spot to flood via a rotating
bezel, and the internal rechargeable battery offers six
hours of runtime on the low setting. The light charges
via a USB port using the included cable. Whether I
am traveling, working, running errands or hanging out
around the house, my HP3R is my constant companion. This robust light is powerful, tough and effective
while remaining small enough for painless carry.
(coastportland.com; 800-426-5858)
The Spartan CQB is a

multi-function tool optimized
for close-quarters combat.
Designed with input from
Greg Thompson, an instructor in hand-to-hand combat
techniques for U.S. Special
Forces, the CQB is a slim,
easily stowed knife designed
to be used in a desperate
grappling situation. The ring
on the top of the handle allows
quick access in dire circumstances and the Kydex sheath
will mount literally anywhere
on your gear. Nearly 7 inches
in length, the Spartan CQB is
crafted specifically to give you
the edge you need to stop the
threat or retrieve your primary
weapon. (spartanbladesusa.
com; 910-757-0035)
SOG
MacV Tool
Designed to resemble
the original skull from the
MACV-SOG group insignia
after which the SOG Company is named, the MacV
Tool is a versatile everydaycarry keychain tool that will
prove handy in a variety of
situations. Made out of durable 3Cr13 stainless steel,
the one-piece design will
last through years of hard
use. It has 12 basic components, including a pry
bar, a bottle opener, a small
flathead driver, a large flathead driver, a small Phillips
driver, a line cutter, a blade
sharpener and various
wrenches. The MacV tool
weighs a mere 0.6 ounces
and is TSA approved for
airline travel. (sogknives.
com; 425-771-6230)
Storage Bags
Spartan CQB
Steel Will Adept
Sporting a comfortable, easy-to-grip handle that offers perfect

symmetry, the Adept from Steel Will is comparably effective at
cutting or thrusting maneuvers. The Adept combines the timeless
ergonomics and engineering of warriors blades of eons past with
modern manufacturing and metallurgy. The Adept is 10.95 inches
overall and sports a Kydex sheath and G10 grips. For daily carry,
the Adept provides peace of mind in an imminently portable package. (steelwillknives.com; 877-969-0909)
Fox Outdoor Covert
Carry Sport Duffel
The Covert Carry Sport Duffel allows you to carry off-the-body

tactical gear without arousing suspicion or causing alarm. This
versatile duffle weighs 2.85 pounds empty and has a 3,024-cubicinch capacity. The large main compartment is arrayed with modular
attachment points to keep magazines and gear organized, and it
includes an adjustable hook-and-loop divider along with a zippered
mesh pocket. Loop cloth on the inside accommodates rip-away
pouches or holsters. A large U-shaped opening makes for quick
access to the bags contents and wraparound web handles add
strength and durability. (foxoutdoor.com; 800-523-4332)
RIPPE D
TO PIEC E S
Lifesaving essentials to
help you escape a deadly
canine ambush!
nyone who has ever posted a pet picture on social

media followed by a family photo probably realizes that
pet photos get far more attention than photos of people.
It was no surprise to me that my law enforcement agency faced
public scrutiny in 2010 when officer-involved shootings against
dogs surged. Our police-citizen relations were strained at the
end of that summer, and our department was looking for a way to
simultaneously keep officers safe while minimizing these incidents.
I was tasked with researching aggressive canine behavior and identifying nonlethal options for dealing with it. As the training sergeant, I agreed that training on
identification of aggressive behaviors was important. I also knew officers would
123RF Photo
BY SARA AHRENS
Fight For
Your Life
How you choose to fight back against
an attacking dog is an important decision. Whether you choose a firearm or
various less-lethal options, here are
the pros and cons for each to consider
before an attack occurs.
Firearm
Warning Signs
Having witnessed the injuries canines can

inflict on their victims, I am convinced that
dog attacks fall at the level of deadly force.
Utilizing a less-lethal option when dealing with an aggressive canine is risky and
shoule be a personal choice, not a mandate.
Always remember that an unsecured, aggressive canine is armed with a mouth full of
edged weapons and upwards of hundreds
of pounds of bite pressure

(for some larger aggressive
dogs). I will discuss three options of the options we considered
for dealing with aggressive dogs.
During my research, I was surprised to
discover that 95 percent of dog bites within
my county consistently stemmed from loose
dogs running at large. Furthermore, the vast
majority of dog bites occurred when people
tried to separate fighting dogs. These bites

are defensive in nature, which is significantly different in nature from aggressive
attacks. The first step to defending against
dog attacks is to be able to identify the difference between the body language of an
aggressive dog versus a defensive one.
Before we can discuss how to handle
a dog attack, we should identify it by observing a dogs body language. There are
several visual cues that will help to identify
an aggressive dog, including:
1. Ears tilted forward and erect
2. Hackle or hair on the back stands up
3. Direct stare, nictitating eyelid (third
eyelid) may be exposed
4. Nose wrinkled to bare teeth
5. Ends of the lips and mouth curled in
a C shape
6. Tail stiff and raised
7. Charging or weight forward
The nictitating eyelid is the dogs third
eyelid. It is an opaque or clear (depending
on the breed) eyelid that may become exposed when the dog is aggressive and staring at you. The purpose of this third eyelid
is to lubricate and protect the eye.
So if this is exposed, it could
be one of many indications
that the dog is preparing to
attack you.
Compare the body
language of an aggressive
dog to these characteristics of a defensive one:
1. Ears back
2. Pupils dilated
3. The dogs stare may be indirect
with its head turned
4. Nose wrinkled
5. Lips curled, teeth bared
6. Tail down and tense (and probably
between their legs)
Shutterstock Photo
benefit from training that helped them identify alternative ways of handling aggressive
canines, especially since there are times
when firing a weapon isnt an option.
From my experiences, I knew already
two things about defending against canine
attacks: 1) You cant always shoot a canine
due to their movement and the safety of
yourself and others in the area, and 2) Even
if you do shoot a canine, depending on the
breed and the round, it may be ineffective.
Shutterstock Photo
Most dog bites occur when

people try to separate fighting
dogs by kneeling down and
getting too close to the action.
Ability to draw in time

Round may not penetrate the skull
Shot placement may not be good enough to
stop the threat
You may not be able to simultaneously fire
and avoid being bitten
You must be careful not to shoot oneself or
others in the vicinity
Pepper Spray
Nictitating eye lid minimizes or delays the
effects of the spray
Task-oriented dogs may not immediately feel
the impact of the spray
You must be close and accurate enough to
hit a moving target
Will be carried by the wind or hang in the air,
potentially impacting the user
Cattle Prod/Electronic
Control Device (ECD)
Can be difficult to conceal
May be illegal to possess in some states
If the ECD has wires attached, it is likely
the dog will run and break the wires if you are
not close enough
If the ECD shoots vertical probes, most
people wont train enough to remember to
orient the cartridge to the target (horizontally)
Many ECDs and cattle prods do not produce
enough amps to achieve the desired results
From my experience, ECDs tend to inflame
the canines aggression and determination
to attack when it fails
May need to be reloaded for follow-up shots
g
o
D
e
v
i
s
s
e
r
g
The Ag
Hackles, or hairs
on the back, stand up.
Ears tilted
forward.
Direct stare,
nictitating
eyelids.
Charging
or weight
forward.
Ends of the
lips/mouth
curled in a
C shape.
an unsecured, aggressive canine is armed

with a mouth full of edged weapons and upwards
of hundreds of pounds of bite pressure
7. Hind legs bent/crouched
8. Hackles may be up
The body language of an aggressive
dog is one where, in the fight, flight or
freeze paradigm, the aggressive dog is
choosing to fight. By design, the characteristics of their body language are
intended to make themselves look bigger
and more intimidating.

By comparison, a dog that exhibits
a defensive posture is one that would
choose to flee but cannot. Dogs in this
situation may not be able to run because
fences, leashes and corners confine them.
They would prefer to avoid the encounter,
but, when it is forced upon them, they
will fight. These dogs are actually afraid,
which is why the tail is down and they
crouchtheir body language is a survival
mechanism intended to protect their body
by making as small a target as possible.
If bitten, visit a
doctor to prevent
an infection.
Fotolia Photo
Self-Defense Gear
There are several personal defense

tools, both lethal and non-lethal, that are
commonly used by law enforcement to
deal with aggressive dogs. Three of the
most common tools are firearms, pepper
spray and cattle prods or other electronic
control devices, but there are considerations and drawbacks for each one. We
evaluated the success we had with these
tools and found that there would always
be some considerations our users needed
to be aware of.
There are other products on the mar-
ket for defenses against aggressive dogs,

such as ultrasonic devices. I have never
tested these products with a determined
and aggressive dog, however. With the
items above, I have witnessed their use
and have studied the shortcomings of
each tool. Refer to the Fight For Your
Life sidebar for more information.
Escape Plan
After years of being around dog bite

victims, I have learned several things from
their accounts, the accounts of medical
staff and the accounts of animal control
officers regarding how best to survive a
dog attack. Here are some of the most
important points I have learned through
my experiences over the years:
1. Expect the unexpected and have
a plan. Some of the most brutal attacks
have happened to pet owners whose dog
never showed any sign of aggression until
the attack occurred.
2. Dont stare down an aggressive
dog. Staring back at an aggressive dog
poses a challenge you probably didnt
intend to make.
3. Dont allow fear and anxiety to
Shutterstock Photo
Nose
wrinkled to
bare teeth.
control your emotions. It may seem impossible to remain calm, but your survival
depends on it.
4. Dont yell, kick or throw things
at the dog. The dog wants you to be
stressed, so by acting like it, you are doing precisely what it wants.
5. Stand at an angle. By standing at
an angle to the dog, you make yourself a
thinner target.
6. If you have a walking stick, umbrella or cane with you, put it out in front
of you to increase your size and show
command of the space in front of you.
This is only suggested if the dog begins
to calm down.
7. Mentally prepare for the likelihood
of a bite. If you never consider the possibility that you could be bitten, if it does
happen, you will be paralyzed both by
fear and shock.
8. If you are bitten, you may cause the
greatest damage. Much of the damage in
dog bites arises from the victim struggling

with the dog. If you can resist the temptation to pull away from the bite while
attempting to resolve the situation, you
will most likely walk away with a puncture
wound versus a tear.
9. The dog is likely to take the first
available limb. Feed the dog a coat or
anything else you may be carrying. It only
has one mouth, so keeping it occupied
with some other object might be a great
option to avoid a serious bite.
10. If a dog bite becomes unavoidable, it is better to feed the dog your
non-dominant forearm or shin. This is a
far better scenario than allowing it to bite
your neck, face or thigh. Also, keep your
hands in fists to avoid losing a finger.
When it comes to surviving a dog attack, remember that most encounters can
be avoided by keeping your dogs locked
up and not separating two dogs that are
fighting between each other.
Big Stock Photo
k
c
a
t
t
A
g
o
D
A
d
e
iv
v
I Sur
I dont claim to be an expert

on dog attacks, but I have
survived two with little and no
injury, respectively. Recognizing signs of aggression helped
me to position myself for a
rapid, successful response.
Some common indicators
that I noted in my encounters
included raised hackles, growling with ears back, blocking
the way, standing their ground,
direct eye contact, tail curled
over the back accompanied by
a confident gait. Barking is, in
fact, not often an indicator the
dog wants to attack.
In my first and most memorable dog attack, I was a police
officer responding to a vicious
dog complaint. When I arrived,
I didnt see one in the area, so
I got out and spoke to the lady
who called it in. She advised

the dog headed towards her
backyard. I stepped off her
porch and rounded the corner
of the house, and there he
was, a large black Chow just a
couple of feet away and moving
in my direction. I put both my
hands in front of my groin and
stood still. He came up and sat
right in between my legs, his
muzzle inches from my crotch,
his eyes locked on me.
I started talking in a
high-pitched tone, praising
him. Youre such a good boy!
A pretty boy! He seemed to
be calming down, so I reached
my index finger out and lightly
rubbed his muzzle a little while
I kept talking. He growled, ears
laid back and hackles up. I
moved my finger back and kept
talking high pitched and nice.

He eventually seemed to relax.
The lady on the porch
quipped, Looks like you made
a friend! I didnt think so, but
I hoped. I looked back at the
Chow and said, You wanna
go to the car? again in a highpitched, happy tone.
I turned slowly, and as I
did, he lunged up at my throat.
I reflexively shoved my left
hand sideways as far down
his mouth as I could and front
kicked him in the chest with my
lead foot as I started reaching
for my gun. It knocked him
back, but as soon as his feet
planted, he jumped at my
throat again. I shoved my
left hand deep into his mouth
again, and this time kicked him
in the throat off my rear foot as
I drew my gun out. That was
enough for him. He didnt like
the throat shot and backed off.
I had pushed my hand so
far down his mouth that he
didnt have enough leverage to
break the skin. I ended up with
some bruised teeth indentations and minor bone bruising.
Nothing else. An instinctive
but unorthodox tactic paid off.
Mike Duke
CYBER
SAFEGUARDS
Shutterstock Photo
six breaches mentioned, its as if a record

for every citizen of the United States has
been stolen. Those responsible include
criminals and state actors that seek to
obtain this information for profit, financial
leverage or espionage.
Within the dark corners of the internet,
opportunity presents itself to the skilled
and nefarious to rob the most sacred of
things: your identity. Learning to protect
yourself and safely navigate those spaces
can mean the difference between staying
whole and having your life torn apart.
These days, electronic records not
only include your name, date of birth and
your address, but also family members
names, emails, phone numbers and credit
information. In many corners, this information is stolen to be used to commit fraud
or possibly worse. In the dark corners of
the internet, websites exist where you can
traffic in this information for profit and
power. Your identity is worth millions of
dollars, making it the most important thing
to safeguard and protect.
Scam Alert
Hackers and
scammers are
constantly vying
for your personal
and financial
information. Only
safe surfing can
protect you.
Protect your personal information

against ruthless internet criminals.
N JUNE 2015, THE UNITED

States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announced that it had
been the target of a data breach
targeting the records of as many
as 4 million people, with indications that
a state actor had performed the breach.
Later, it was discovered that it was actually multiple breaches impacting 21.4
million people. The incident has been
described as one of the largest breaches

of government data in the history of the
United States. Every bit of the personally identifiable information of 21.4 million
people was stolen.
This comes after Premera Blue Cross
had 11 million records stolen, Home Depot
109 million records stolen, J.P. Morgan
83 million, eBay 145 million and Target
110 million records stolen. Between the
Unfortunately, surfing the internet and using email exposes everyone to a plethora
of scams and schemes. Credit card fraud
is perhaps the most prolific type of fraud.
Its relatively easy to obtain and use
unauthorized credit or debit card information and bang it out. The scammers in
the world use internet schemes to obtain
these numbers or, in some cases, use surreptitiously stationed credit card readers
to capture your cards information. Investigations have revealed the placement of
these card readers at ATM machines, gas
stations and even in restaurants.
Internet auction fraud is another type
of scheme, which uses the misrepresentation of a product on an internet auction
site to lure someone to input their credit
card information to buy the item. Needless
to say, the item never shows up. Get-richquick schemes and investment fraud offer
scammers the ability to solicit investments or loans to buy fictitious, forged or
counterfeit securities. This type of scheme
carries an inherent element of danger,
because sometimes the scammers will
want the individual to meet them or travel
to a foreign country in order to secure the
potential investment.
Another prolific scheme is the 419
scam, named after Section 419 of the
Nigerian Criminal Code. This scam
combines impersonation fraud with a
variation of an advance-fee scheme, in
which a phone call, a letter, an email or fax
is received by the victim requesting them
to send an amount of money to secure
some type of lottery winnings, inheritance
Your identity is worth

millions of dollars, making
it the most important thing
to safeguard and protect.
is designed to steal your identity or vital

personal information, including passwords. A phishing email often asks you to
verify certain information, and compromises your accounts once you do it.
Another form of phishing comes in the
form of fake websites via spam mail.
These sites are set up to look like a legiti-
STOP
IDENTITY
THEFT
In this digital age, there are
more threats than ever to
your privacy. Your sensitive
information can fall into the
wrong hands in seconds with
just a flash of a beam from
just feet away. Credit cards,
computers, phones, tablets
and passports contain information that could be used to
rob you or steal your identity.
Passcodes to your home alarm
system or personal vaults can
even be stolen. Protect your
familys personal and financial
information from hacking,
tracking or scanning with the
SHIELDSAK from LOKSAK.

This fabric Faraday cage
blocks signals that are capable
of reading your personal
information. Originally developed for the U.S. military
and government, SHIELDSAK
has proven its ability to block
radio frequencies, infrared and
skim/quick-scan technology.
For example, when a mobile
device such as a phone or tablet is placed in the SHIELDSAK
and sealed correctly, the item
and its file contents become
invisible. Signals are blocked
from entering or leaking from
the bag and phones will not
even ring. Items with ID chips,
like passports and credit
cards, cannot be scanned.
Vital information is secure
and tracking is impossible.
SHIELDSAKs are available
in sizes that cover most
smartphones, tablets and
laptop computers. (loksak.
com; 239-331-5550)
Cara Donaldson
mate site, but they are anything but. These

sites may look identical to a real site, but if
you check the website address, it might be
off by a number or letter. If you bank with
ABC Bank and their website is ABCbank.
com, a fake version might be ABCbank1.
com. Make sure you know where you are
before you provide any information.
Similar to phishing, vishing (voice
phishing) scammers also seek to get you
to provide your personal information.
However, instead of using email to request
the information, vishing scammers use
the phone and social networking sites to
make their requests. You may be directed
to call a phone number to verify an account or to reactivate a debit or credit
card. If you have received one of these
calls, report it immediately.
Fighting Back
Photo Courtesy Loksak
or foreign investment. The initial amounts

are usually small but grow over time as
the perception of enrichment becomes
enhanced and scammers pretend to need
more capital to free up the fake investment or winnings.
Phishing is a common internet scam
where you receive a fraudulent email that
Despite the number of scams out there,

some basic cyber security practices can
help you avoid being victimized. One of
the most important things is to ensure
your computer and internet software have
the most up-to-date security and firewalls.
Since most of us keep some type of
personal information on our computer, this
is a great line of defense against viruses,
hackers and illicit cookies.
When surfing cyberspace or reviewing
your email, pay attention to where you are
and what you are receiving. Make sure the
websites are legitimate. When reviewing emails, pay attention to the senders
surfing the
internet and using
email exposes
everyone to a
plethora of scams
and schemes.
address and remember

that legitimate companies never ask for your
password or account
number via email. These
types of emails may
even use threats if you
dont reply, but dont
believe them.
If you receive a suspected fraud email, dont
open or click on any links in the email.
They can contain a virus that can harm
your computer. They may redirect you to
a fraudulent website. If you believe that
the email is invalid, contact the company
using the phone numbers listed on your
statements or in the phone book. Tell the
customer service representative about the
email and ask if your account has been
compromised.
If you mistakenly click on any links
in the phishing email or reply with the
requested personal information, contact
your bank directly to let them know and
ask to have fraud alerts placed on your
accounts, have new credit cards issued or
set new passwords.
computer or internetaccessible device

so a child can only
access internet sites
you deem appropriate is a safe thing to
do. This is another
firewall that could
prevent a problem.
Finally, teaching
a child some good
internet rules of behavior will only help
prevent them from knowingly surfing into
a dangerous situation. These could include
establishing parameters for online and
cell-phone use; not giving out or posting
photos or personal information without
a parents permission; informing adults
immediately if someone is attempting to
meet with them or makes them feel uncomfortable online; never communicating
with anyone they dont know; protecting
passwords and never downloading anything without an adults permission.
Since the internet is a complicated
place, if you do find yourself a victim of a
cyber crime, its imperative to report it as
soon as its discovered. To report cyber
Shutterstock Photos
Danger lurks in dark corners of

the internet for children. Make
sure to monitor where they surf.
Family Firewall
The majority of children victimized by a
child predator had their first contact with
them on the internet. Similarly, many
adults have been victimized by trusting an
unknown person they met via the internet.
Instead of an alley, the internet offers the
anonymity that criminals depend upon.
The world of social media has also created
opportunities for these despicable miscreants to actually identify and target adults
and children. Social media is a predators
paradise that offers photos as well as personal and geographical information.
The first level of protection for children
on the internet is adults. Knowing what
your child is looking at and where could
prevent a host of issues. Locking down a
crimes, first file a police report with your

local department and then contact the
Federal Trade Commissions Complaint
Assistant (ftccomplaintassistant.gov) and
the Internet Crime Complaint Center (ic3.
gov). If its financially related or identify
theft, youll also want to notify your banks
and all three credit-reporting agencies.
Notifying these entities will maximize your
coverage and level of protection. Always
remember, when in doubt, click the X
and log out.
REPORT A CYBER CRIME

Forward all suspicious emails to the Federal
Trade Commission at spam@uce.gov.
Steve Woods Photo
r
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Y
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t
S und
Gro
Huldra Arms Mark

IV Tactical Evo
17 threat-stopping rifles to
secure your home against a
violent attack. BY WILL DABBS, MD
hen life truly goes sideways, the only thing better than a
handgun is a long gun. With literally scads of firearms to
choose from these days, the task of selecting the right
ordnance for the right application can be daunting.
The first step is to analyze the potential circumstances under which you might need to be armed. Whether
you expect to be in a city or in the country will determine
the sorts of threats you might face, the potential ranges
involved and whether or not alarming the local populace
is a concern you should consider.
Owning and using a gun is a tremendous responsibility, but in times of crisis a firearm
can be your most critical possession. The right rifle will feed your family, secure the perimeter and cause potential attackers to look for easier pickings elsewhere.
The 5.56mm Huldra Arms Mark IV

Tactical Evo takes all that is good
about the AR-15 rifle and optimizes
it to modern standards. The Mark
IVs 14.5-inch, 1-in-7-inch-twist
barrel is made from CrMoV 4150
steel and is Melonite treated both
inside and out for long life and wear
resistance. The gun runs off of a gas
piston operating system for optimal
reliability. The Huldra Arms Mark IV
Tactical Evo comes standard with
a Samson Evolution free-floating
handguard that can be customized
with rails. The most unusual aspect
of the Tactical Evo is its 14.5-inch
barrel length. A permanently attached, reduced-radius flash suppressor provides adequate overall
length to avoid any tax stamp issues
while still offering ready access to
the gas piston for cleaning or servicing. The final package is one of the
shortest, most maneuverable AR
rifles available today. (huldraarms.
com; 218-822-2804)
i
i
i
i
i
IWI Galil ACE

Owing its origins to the combat-proven Israeli Galil infantry rifle that outfitted the Israeli Defense Forces for decades, the new Galil ACE is a modern
upgrade to this classic design. The Galil was itself a melding of attributes
from the M16, the AK-47 and the FN FAL. With this proven chassis as a
foundation, IWI has improved upon what was an already superb gun. The
new Galil ACE has an easy-to-use ambidextrous safety, a reciprocating leftsided charging handle and plenty of Picatinny rail space for accessories. A
full-length top rail supports any imaginable optics. (iwi.us; 717-695-2081)
Steyr
AUG A3 M1
Sig Sauer
SIG556xi
When it was introduced

in 1977, the Steyr AUG
was the most advanced
infantry rifle ever
devised. Making use of
a revolutionary bullpup
design (the action of
the gun resides behind
the pistol grip) and
incorporating advanced
polymers in the stock,
the AUG turned the gun
world on its ear. Now,
nearly 40 years later,
the AUG is still at the
vanguard of tactical rifle
design. The AUG A3 M1
balances wonderfully
and its simple controls
are easy to manage
under stress. Magazine
changes are fast and
intuitive on the new
models thanks to an automatic bolt-hold-open,
and the reliability of the
AUGs adjustable piston
system is well established. (steyrarms.com;
Whether it is a pistolcaliber semi-automatic

version of a submachine
gun, a wide variety of
rifle-caliber weapons
or the extraordinary
SB15 Stabilizing Brace
that truly revolutionized
short-barreled guns in
205-417-8644)
America, Sig blazes
the trail. The SIG556xi
chassis evolved from
the companys original
European military rifles
and offers a reliable
gas-piston operating
system and the ability
to swap out major parts
to fire either 5.56mm
NATO or 7.62x39mm
ammunition. Offering
a 16-inch barrel and
a Swiss-style folding
stock, the next-gen
SIG556xi is a versatile
design ready to be
adapted to the shooters
most critical needs.
(sigsauer.com;
603-610-3000)
Kel-Tec RFB
Faxon Firearms
ARAK-21
The Faxon Firearms
ARAK-21 melds the best
features of the AR-15
with the best attributes
of the AK-47 to deliver a
robust tactical rifle sporting modern ergonomics
and old-school reliability.
The long-stroke piston
system of the Kalashnikov
is one of the most reliable
rifle action ever devised.
Meanwhile, the advanced
ergonomics of the AR-15
make for a rifle that is
smooth in action and quick
to feed. The ARAK-21
combines both into a
sleek rifle that is both
versatile and functional.
The ARAK-21 upper
receiver mounts to any
mil-spec AR-15 lower and
swaps calibers between
7.62x39mm, 5.56mm and
300 BLK in minutes. The
reversible charging handle
is easily accessed and fast
in action. (faxonfirearms.
com; 513-674-2580)
RFB stands for

Rifle, Forward-ejecting
Bullpup, and it is
the absolute smallest
platform available for
launching full-sized
.308 rounds. Brilliantly
conceived and professionally executed, the
RFB feeds from standard 20-round FN FAL
magazines and ejects
through a tube out in
front of the weapon. The
RFB weighs just over 8
pounds unloaded and
has an overall length
of only 26 inches.
Because of its forwardejecting design, the gun
is fully ambidextrous and
comparably amenable
to either shoulder. For
full-powered .30-caliber
thump in the tiniest possible package, nobody
else even comes close
to the Kel-Tec RFB.
(keltecweapons.com;
321-631-0068)
Cobalt
Kinetics
Black Tactical
Built with a .223 Wylde
chamber to allow the use
of either .223 Remington
or 5.56mm ammo, this
optimized rifle sports a
dual-drop bolt release, a
45-degree safety selector and an extended mag
catch. The mag well is
beveled for fast magazine
changes, and the fire
control pins are threaded.
The 16-inch, standardprofile, Melonite-coated
barrel makes for a handy,
lightweight package. For
furniture, the rifle has an
Archangel buttstock, a
Hogue pistol grip and a
12.5-inch, free-floating
Odin Works M-LOK
handguard for mounting
accessories like lights
and lasers for quick
targeting. The mid-length
gas system balances
maneuverability and reliability. (cobaltkinetics.
com; 435-656-0599)
Colt AR15A4
The name Colt is synonymous with the AR-15,
as Colt has made these
rifles for decades. In a
sea of AR rifle producers, Colt has remained
consistently reliable. Colt
AR rifles are available in
a wide variety of configurations with long barrels,
as well as short, fixed or
collapsible stocks. The
AR15A4 is chambered
in 5.56mm and features
a 20-inch barrel with a
1-in-7-inch, right-hand
twist. Built with a direct
gas system and locking
bolt, the rifle weighs 7.71
pounds in hand. This is a
top-grade AR from one
of the best makers in
the industry. (colt.com;
Remington 700
Eugene Stoner designed the

.22-caliber AR-7 survival rifle
as a collapsible survival arm for
American military aircrews. The
receiver assembly, barrel and
magazine all broke down and fit
into the buttstock for storage.
The modern-day iteration of the
AR-7 is the Henry U.S. Survival
Rifle. Made in the U.S.A. from
rugged synthetic materials and
aluminum alloys, the Henry U.S.
Survival Rifle does everything
the original did. It breaks down
into an easy-to-pack profile
that weighs about 3.5 pounds.
If your circumstances demand
a small-caliber, semi-automatic
rifle suitable for general utility
purposes, check out the Henry
U.S. Survival Rifle. (henryrifles.
com; 201-858-4400)
(remington.com;
800-243-9700)
Chiappa M6-22
The Chiappa M6-22 rifle is a modern-day rendition of the original military
M6 survival rifle. The M6-22 is an over/under weapon that sports a shotgun tube in either 12 or 20 gauge above a rifled barrel launching either .22
LR or .22 WMR rounds. Twin triggers control each barrel separately. The
M6-22 folds for storage and has enough rail space for lights, lasers or optics. When combined with the X-Caliber chamber insert system, the M622 will shoot literally any common centerfire handgun cartridge you might
encounter as well as .410 shotshells. The M6-22 is a purpose-designed
survival arm that takes up little space. (chiappafirearms.com)
800-962-2658)
Ruger Mini-14
While the basic Mini-14 rifle
has a more pedestrian look
than the classic AR or AK,
aftermarket parts abound
for the gun that are sufficient to militarize it as much
as might be desired. The
Mini-14 has been around
for quite a while and, as
such, is available in a
wide variety of styles and
configurations. Available in
5.56mm NATO with either
a wooden or synthetic
stock, the Ruger Mini-14
offers a 16.25- or 18.5-inch
barrel and a relatively light
weight for better maneuverability. The Garandstyle action is optimized
for reliability in any
environment.
(ruger.com)
Henry U.S.
Survival Rifle
If your survival scenario demands

a rifle that can reach out a little
farther, then the Remington 700
will fill that mission. Introduced
in 1962, the Remington 700 has
accounted for literally countless
whitetail deer in the Deep South
alone. Chambered for 30 different
cartridges and available in a
variety of configurations,
the Remington 700
is Americas precision
rifle. The standard
Remington 700 has
an internal magazine
and a nice factory trigger. There are
countless aftermarket
stock options available, and the rifle
remains remarkably
inexpensive thanks
to Remingtons
modern industrial
production techniques.
Ares Defense
SCR
Springfield
Armory M1A
Chambered in 5.56mm
NATO, the Ares Defense Sport Configurable Rifle (SCR) is a
domesticated version
of the classic AR-15
that eschews scary
features like a pistol
grip and flash suppressor. The SCR comes
with polymer furniture
and accepts standard
STANAG M4 magazines. At 37 inches in
length and 5.7 pounds
in weight, the SCR is
comparably effective as more common
AR rifles without the
military flavor. The Ares
Defense SCR runs just
like an AR rifle but is
sedate enough to pass
muster in the parts of
the country that cling to
excessive gun restrictions. (aresdefense.
com; 321-242-8410)
Archangel
AA9130
The Mosin-Nagant
91/30 and M44 were
the bolt-action infantry
rifles that carried the
Soviet Union through
World War II. Antique
bolt-action military rifles
with loose tolerances
may not seem particularly impressive by
modern standards, but
these old guns are no
less lethal today than
they were when they
were used to beat the
Nazis. The AA9130
stock updates any
surplus Mosin-Nagant
package with a carbonfiber-filled polymer
stock thats pre-inletted
for a Timney trigger.
The stock is designed
for comfort, control
and superior weapon
retention. (archangel
Century Arms
RAS47
manufacturing.com;
800-438-2547)
Air Force
Texan
Springfield Armory
produces new versions of the venerable
GI-issue M14 called the
M1A. Chambered for the
hard-hitting 7.62x51mm
cartridge and feeding from 20-round box
magazines, the M1A
brings barrier-penetrating
power to a nicely portable
chassis. The new M1A
SOCOM 16 CQB is
designed for tight spaces.
The rifle has a 16.25-inch
barrel, a collapsible stock
and an XS tritium front
sight. Thusly configured,
the SOCOM 16 CQB
maneuvers indoors and
within an automobile like
a much smaller rifle while
retaining .30-caliber
punch. The SOCOM 16
CQB is a fast-handling,
powerful rifle that is
proven, versatile and
effective for many tasks.
Made entirely in the

U.S.A., the new RAS47
from Century Arms is
a close facsimile of the
stamped-receiver AKM
rifles that have shaped
the geopolitics of the
planet since the Cold War.
Unflinchingly reliable and
firing a heavy .30-caliber
round adequate to drop
any reasonable North
American game animal,
the same attributes that
make the Kalashnikov
such a popular military rifle
make this rifle a good survival choice as well. The
newest versions of the rifle
sport a proprietary returnto-zero scope mount riveted to the left side of the
receiver that will accept
any imaginable optical
sight. The RAS47 is a reliable rifle that will protect
you and your family under
most any circumstances.
The Texan from Air

Force is the most
powerful production air
rifle on the planet. Firing .45-caliber bullets
ranging in weight from
143 to 450 grains, the
pre-charged Texan
air rifle is adequately
powerful to hunt deer
or wild pigs. Unlike
traditional pellet guns,
this is a legitimately
serious air rifle. The
Texan is powered by an
onboard, pre-charged
air tank that runs at
3,000 psi. While this
tank could theoretically
be powered by a hand
pump, realistically the
rifle requires a carbonfiber parent tank or
scuba tank as a pressure source. The Texan
sports a Lothar Walther
barrel and an incredibly
precise target trigger.
(springfield-armory.com;
800-680-6866)
(centuryarms.com;
800-527-1252)
(airforceairguns.com;
877-247-4867)
OUT
OF
THE
CR SS
Ichiro Nagata Photo
If an active
shooter strikes
your location,
will you fight
back or escape?
Evaluate the
threat before
engaging.
HAIRS
Prepare yourself to escape an active

shooter anywhere, anytime.
ARTICLE & PHOTOS BY DR. MARTIN D. TOPPER
ven concealed carriers who avoid

gun-free zones and bad parts of town are
still at risk from active shooters, because
active shooters can strike anywhere. This
relatively new type of killing spree that
first shocked the nation in 1966, when
Charles Whitman killed 17 and wounded
32 in Texas, has become more common as terrorists, alienated students and
others seek publicity for their causes and
revenge for real or imagined injustices by
publically slaughtering innocents. Malls,
theaters, fast-food restaurants, military
facilities, stores, churches and schools
have all been turned into killing fields
by active shooters. The person with a
concealed-carry license must therefore
be ready to survive whenever an active
shooter strikes.
Active shooters are different from
other criminals. Theyre not after your
money, and they dont care about getting
away. Their goal is to kill as many people
as they can before theyre stopped. Dealing with active shooters requires a different mindset and a special set of skills.
Know Your Threat

A number of trainers teach courses in
active-shooter response, and I was fortunate enough to attend John Farnams
Armed Response to a Terrorist Attack
course. John was a Marine 2nd Lieutenant in Vietnam and was wounded three
times in intense combat in just 51 days.
After Vietnam, John began 43 years of
service as a deputy sheriff and also began
privately teaching defensive tactics to
police, military and civilians licensed to
carry firearms. He owns Defense Training
International and is the author of several
books on guns and gunfighting.
Armed Response to a Terrorist Attack is a weekend course that runs from
Friday evening to Sunday afternoon. It
begins with a classroom presentation on
John Farnam demonstrates the trigger

finger register position during a safety
briefing at the beginning of the class.
firearms and tactics for daily living. John

believes in an integrated approach that
involves using both handguns and long
guns. Long guns are important defensive tools because active shooters often
employ tactical movement, and John believes that handguns are 20-yard weapons against mobile assailants. During the
course, he stressed the importance of
buying tactical rifles in 5.56mm NATO
rather than .223 Rem. He also stated that
the 7.62x39mm and 300 BLK cartridges
were acceptable choices, as was the
M1 Carbine when used with expanding
ammo like CorBons DPX load.
As for pistols, he prefers double-stack
9mms for people large enough in stature
to conceal them. Otherwise, John favors
single-stack 9mms like Smith & Wessons Shield, the Glock 43 and similar
striker-fired pistols. John also believes
that rifles are preferable to shotguns
because shotguns generally dont have
the range or precision of rifles.
When discussing active shooters,

John emphasized the difference between
civilians and law enforcement officers.
Law enforcement officers have a duty to
respond to active shooters. Civilians are
responsible for protecting themselves
and their families, and should escape
whenever it is safe to do so. A CCW
permit is not a license to enforce the law,
and John was very clear that the person
shooting in self-defense must be able to
articulate a lethal threat to themselves or
loved ones before using deadly force.
If the threat is focused elsewhere,
running to the sound of the guns may
just cause the police to mistake a wellmeaning CCW holder for a terrorist. John
also provided specific instructions on
how to interact with police after shooting
in self-defense.
Real-World
Defense
The course combines tactical theory with
live-fire exercises. The Saturday range
session began with a safety lecture in
which John described basic gun-handling
This participant transitioned to his

pistol behind weak-side cover to
neutralize a target at close range.
Each participant checks the sight

offset of their particular rifle/optic
combination before live fire.
When you move

between cover,
you should be
fast and present
the smallest
possible target.
techniques. John runs a hot range. Every

gun that is not stored in a carrying case
is loaded and must be carried in a safe
manner. In addition, all guns that are
carried on the range must be maintained
in a fully loaded condition at all times,
because thats the way they are carried
on the street.
After the briefing, John and his
instructors worked with the participants
to be sure that their skills would be equal
to those needed for the live-fire scenarios that would be presented on Day
Two. Individual attention is given to each
participant. After lunch, the afternoon
was occupied with a series of moveand-shoot and cover drills. Participants
practiced moving, shooting and reloading
while engaging hostile targets that were
partially obscured by no-shoot targets.
John emphasized several important defensive techniques here, including keeping your eyes on the threat and scanning
for additional targets, transitioning from
pistol to rifle while on the move, reloading
on the move and never appearing from
cover in the same location.
At dusk on Day One, we began two
hours of low-light shooting. Participants turned on their tactical gun lights,
employed their lasers and individually

ran a set of drills that involved identifying threats and engaging multiple hostile
targets while on the move in the dark. To
make things more difficult, the instructors
used their own tactical lights to illuminate portions of the area downrange. At
times the instructors lights were set on
strobe mode. This made it harder to tell
hostiles from innocent bystanders. Johns
philosophy of training is to challenge
the existing skills of the participant to promote skill development, and this clearly
was a challenging exercise.
Saving Lives
Day Two was spent engaging a variety
of targets in active-shooter scenarios.
Targets representing different types
of threats, like guns, RPGs and explosives, were set up downrange along with
no-shoot targets representing innocent
bystanders. The participants had to determine which threats must immediately
be neutralized, which ones did not need
immediate action and shoot the immediate threats without jeopardizing bystanders. Periodically, the targets and the large
drums used to represent cover were
moved to different locations. In addition,
Sometimes its
faster to transition
to a new gun instead
of reloading.
Never crowd
your cover,
even when
youre shooting
from prone.
John Farnams debriefing

sessions ensure that the
class learns the most
from every exercise.
Canting your rifle and exposing as little

of yourself as possible provides maximum
protection when firing from cover.
John randomly selected starting points at

various places on the firing line for each
run of the various drills.
These changes were done in order to
teach the participants to conduct a fresh
evaluation of the whole problem each
and every time they ran a drill. Drills were
run individually and were also conducted
with several participants moving on the
line. John and the instructors de-briefed
participants at the end of each run, asking
why they made certain decisions and providing feedback on their target selection,
gunhandling, use of movement, use of
cover and situational awareness. In addition, John and the instructors coached
the participants as they conducted the
drill and constantly monitored them
for safety. A variety of drills were run
throughout the course, including pistol/
rifle transition drills, reloading drills, rifle
retrieval drills, weak-hand drills and onehanded rifle drills.
The threats presented by active
shooters can come at any time in any
place and they can involve one or several
shooters. This variability requires the
armed civilian to be employ flexible
tactics if he or she is to survive and protect loved-ones. John Farnams Armed
Response to a Terrorist Attack course is
designed to help attendees develop that
flexible mindset and be able to choose
from a range of options if they have no
choice but to fight back. Visit defensetraining.com or call 970-482-2520.
STAY
ALERT
STAY
ALIVE
Living in Condition Yellow

could save your life!
BY FRED MASTISON
I
Shutterstock Photo
Living in
Condition Yellow
will help you see
threats ahead of
timeallowing
you to react with
pepper spray, for
example.
In the minds of many, surviving a disaster

will depend on how well they are prepared.
Did they buy enough emergency food? Is there
enough water? Is the emergency kit up to the
task? While these are the physical items needed
for survival, there is a deeper skill that must be developed if we are to make it through a long, tough
timesituational awareness.
In day-to-day life, you are encouraged to have
good situational awareness. Situational awareness is as simple as it sounds. It is being aware of
not only your surroundings, but also the potential
dangers they can present. It is not enough to know
that a large dog is nearby, it is equally important to
know that it can bite you.
The late Colonel Jeff Cooper developed a
four-stage color code system to teach awareness. While not originally designed for a tactical
situation, the applications are seamless. Col.
Cooper was a proponent of a prepared mind. The
color codes were a way for people to develop the
right mindset to deal with danger. It ranges from
unaware to ready for battle. The optimal dayto-day state is what he labeled Yellow. This is a
state where you are aware of everything around
you. While not paranoid, you are simply plugged
into what is going on around you and living in
Condition Yellow.
DAILY DETECTION
Always be aware of your surroundings and who is

nearby. This skill will allow you a better opportunity
to escape or fight if you face trouble. This skill can
take some practice, however, in order to not seem
paranoid. Small, smooth moves with your head
and eyes will allow you to scan a wide area without
seeming to be looking around. Another skill to
practice is storing relevant items in your mind. This
can be especially helpful with people you may see.
One trick of the trade is to give them a fictitious
name. Comparing them to a similar-looking celebrity is a good way as well.
Situations where extra awareness is warranted
occur in our everyday lives. The reason is that
we get so accustomed to these locations that we
tune things out. This is demonstrated by the fact
that most auto collisions occur closer to peoples
homes, as many people just go into cruise-control
mode as they get closer to home.
Use your environment as a tool. The reflective
surfaces and natural barricades we encounter
each day can be valuable assets. Use reflections
in shop windows to scan behind you as well as car
mirrors you pass by on the street. These are natural tools that allow you to covertly watch behind
you as you move though day-to-day life.
Avoid static groups on the street by walking behind cars or other blockers. Groups assembled for
no apparent reason rarely have an upside. While
they can be benign, it is always better to err on the
side of caution. While we do not want to develop
a sense of paranoia, we must respect the fact that
spontaneous groups are generally reacting to
Basic martial
arts training
goes a long
way...You must
prepare your
mind with the
fact that you will
more than likely
be fighting by
yourself.
anything that might be a threat. Awareness provides us opportunities. It allows

options in tough situations, and that can
make all the difference in the world.
CONSTANT DEFENSE
Thinkstock Photos
something that we know nothing about.

Steer clear and stay in Condition Yellow.
When you are inside, your sense of
awareness must continue. Use more than
your eyes. Is there a different smell or
sound that catches your attention? Use
all of your senses, including the most
important oneyour intuition. If a little
internal alarm goes off and gives you the
feeling that something isnt right, you
should listen to that voice in your head.
The best plan is to move away from your
current location. Once again, we do not
want to panic or seem paranoid. Just
calmly and directly walk away from the
situation via the closest exit.
Living in Condition Yellow is a lifestyle
more than anything else. It takes some
practice to master, but in short order you
will instinctively be plugged into what
is going on around you. You will notice
people you may have missed before.
You will see the stranger sitting in a car
down the street, and you will be better at
keeping yourself at a safe distance from
Security
Codes
Colonel Jeff Cooper
was one of the greatest tactical minds of
the 20th century . A
Marine officer and
firearms pioneer, Col.
Copper developed an
easy-to-understand
series of color codes
to teach awareness.
These are broken up
into four sections.
WHITE
In Condition White, you

are unaware and relaxed.
Generally, you are unaware
of what is going on around
you. The times when you
may be in this condition
are when you are sleeping
or safely settled in at home
for the evening. This is also
the state that most people
enter, however, when they
obsess over their mobile
devices in public. Condition
White is essentially being
unprepared to respond to
any form of danger.
YELLOW
In Condition Yellow, you are

relaxed yet aware of what
and who is around you. You
are plugged in to what
is happening and paying
attention to your surroundings. This is the optimal
condition for day-to-day life
and should be the basis of
your awareness. Being in
Condition Yellow allows you
to react to threats quickly
should they arise, because
you will not be surprised.
Being in Condition Yellow requires that

you have the means to respond to danger. There may be times when escape is
not an option and you may be forced to
defend yourself. The tools of that realm
are easy to carry and can easily become
a part of your everyday life.
The first suggested item is a multitasker and an essential part of any kit: a
flashlight. A good choice for this is the
Streamlight ProTac HL. It is small, bright
and includes a scalloped bezel that can
double as a weapon. Another multi-use
tool is a tactical pen such as the Tuff
Writer Frontline. This pen doubles as a
writing instrument as well as a great selfdefense tool. One last item is designed
purely for self-defense. Pepper spray is
carried by police officers for a reason: It is
effective. A good option in this area is the
Kimber Pepper Blaster. It is an easy-touse and accurate weapon that mixes the
ergonomics of a gun with the less-lethal
option of pepper spray.
All of these items fit easily in your
pocket or purse and should be a part of
your everyday carry loadout. All of these
weapons gain effectiveness with some
simple training. A scalloped-bezel flashlight becomes even more effective if you
know how and where to strike. The same
holds true for our tactical pen.
Basic martial arts training goes a long
way and does not require decades in a
dojo to master. The primary lesson we
learn from the martial arts is to strike soft
areas with hard objects. For example,
striking the neck or eyes with your flashlight can produce much better results
ORANGE
In Condition Orange, you

have become aware of a
potential problem. While
it may be nothing, it has
caught your attention and
increased your level of
alertness. If you are attacked during this state,
your response time will
be much faster. You have
identified a problem and are
already searching for solutions. Your mind is running
through a series of possible
what-if scenarios as you
look at options.
RED
In Condition Red, you are

ready to fight. You may not
actually have to act on that,
but your body and mind are
now prepared for physical
conflict. While this does
not mean you instantly
attack someone, you are
certainly ready and waiting
for a specific trigger or
predetermined action that
will launch the process.
This state is where you
have made a decision that
you are ready and willing to
fight back.
Phot o Cour tesy

Stre amli ght
knives. There are many factors

involved in the use of these
weapons, and your chances
of success improve with serious defensive training.
DURING DISASTER
than trying to hit your

attacker in the head.
While the physical
lessons are important,
the mental training
that you receive will be
equally empowering.
The first thing you will
learn is that you are responsible for your
own safety and defense. The news is
littered with stories of women that yelled
rape or simply screamed for help, only
to be ignored. You must prepare your
mind with the fact that you will more than
likely be fighting by yourself. While not an
optimal situation, it is not as dire as it may
seem. With professional training, you can
accomplish things you may have never
thought possible.
More powerful weapons to consider
include knives and firearms. With these
selections, we have now entered
the lethal-force
zone and care
must be taken to
respect that. While
you should never
hesitate to use
lethal force if
your life is in
jeopardy, it is
essential that
you weigh the
situation carefully. Keep a
Glock pistols
cool head and
like the G17 are
quickly evaluate
known for their
what is going on.
simplicity and
Once again, the
reliability in harsh
survival benefits of
environments.
situational awareness arise.
For personal
protection the Glock 17 is tough to beat.
Lightweight, easy to use and reliable, it
has been a standard in the law enforcement community for decades. In the knife
category, the Hogue EX folder is a prime
candidate. Strong, sharp and lightweight,
it is a great knife for personal protection.
Professional training cannot be emphasized enough when it comes to guns and
Photo Courtesy Glock
Streamlights
ProTac HL is
a great option
for your EDC
kit because
its powerful,
compact
and has a
scalloped
striking bezel.
Tragic and stressful events

have a way of changing peoples
behaviors. While short-term events
with a foreseeable end do not affect
people much, long-term situations with
no clear solution can dramatically change
behavior. During a disaster, people will
always panic. Their lack of preparedness
and disbelief that something could actually happen are the driving forces behind
this. As an event draws out, though, their
panic will oftentimes turn to desperation.
That resulting shift moves them into the
potential threat category.
Someone who is rational and calm
in day-to-day life can transform under
great pressure. Their desire to survive or
provide basics for their family can make
them do things they would have never
thought possible. These people have the
potential to be dangerous if they see you
and your supplies as an answer to their
problems. I have long suggested that
people not make public the specifics of
their emergency preparedness plans or
supplies. You are simply advertising to
those who failed to prepare where they
can potentially get what they need.
Beyond the individual threats, civil
unrest can become
a major threat as
well. New Orleans
experienced this
during Hurricane Katrina.
Looting was
rampant, and
chaos ruled
for some time.
In a
disaster, your
situational
awareness must
be on at all times.
This awareness,
coupled with carrying personal protection gear, can make all the difference
in the world. Your everyday-carry gear in
a disaster situation should include four
primary items: a handgun, extra ammunition, a knife and a flashlight. Less-lethal
options can also be useful. Pepper spray
can be useful against animals and allow
you to preserve ammunition. Once again,
part of any serious disaster preparedness must also include training with these
The great mind behind Condition Yellow is the

same mind behind one of the best firearms
schools in the world. Gunsite Academy,
located in Paulden, Arizona, is a great place
to not only learn more about a color-code
lifestyle, but to get fantastic training as well.
What is unique about Gunsite is its vision and
understanding of the dangers that people
face. Its instructors provide training across
the spectrum, including for those who live
in gun-restrictive states. Gunsites Edged
Weapons class is an example of that. It is a
two-day class that provides the fundamentals
of self-protection using an edged weapon.
Regardless of size, strength, age or gender,
you can learn to defend yourself with any type
of edged weapon using the concepts you will
learn in the Gunsite class.
Awarenessallows options in
tough situations, and that can make
all the difference in the world.
children about situational awareness and
the color codes as early as possible.
The method you choose, however,
should be less about the lethal dangers
around us and more about awareness.
Simple games like challenging them to
remember the color of a passing car or to
count how many people are on a corner
There are many triggers that force us from
create lifelong skills. If they begin when
one color code to another. It could be
they are young, the skills become second
something as obvious as an attacker with
nature and awareness is just part of their
a knife or as subtle as a gut feeling. The
everyday lives.
framework around elevation of our color
Living in Condition Yellow is a lifestyle
codes is all based around threats and poabove all things. The phrase of ignotential threats. In short, the more dangerrance is bliss is true. It can also be lethal,
ous it becomes, the higher we move up
however, if you are caught unprepared.
our scale. With practice, the transition will
Awareness of problems allows us time to
be smooth, but it can be challenging in the
create solutions. From everyday events
beginning. It is because of this challenge
like seeing an accident down the freeway
that you are encouraged to teach your
and taking an early exit to
avoid traffic, to seeing a
mugger before he can get
close to you, Condition
Yellow is where we should
GLOCK: glock.com; 770-432 1202
be. We live in a dangerous
HOGUE: hogueinc.com; 800-438-4747
world, and the best way
KIMBER : kimberamerica.com; 888-243-4522
to deal with it is to stay in
STREAMLIGHT: streamlight.com; 610-631-0600
Condition Yellow and enjoy
TUFF WRITER: tuffwriter.com; 480-329-6105
the options it provides.
weapons. Simply owning a gun or occasionally plinking with it will not provide
you sufficient skills. This also holds true
for your knife. You must know how to use
them and use them well.
WORST-CASE SCENARIO
CRISIS PLAN: Gunsite also offers a Disaster

Preparedness course. This is an intensive
five-day course that covers not only firearms
training, but also the skills and tactics to
help you prepare for surviving the likely civil
unrest following the first days to weeks after
a disaster. The unique class listings go on
with Active Shooter/Terrorist Response for
Civilians, Defense Against Street Crimes and
Home Defense as well as Emergency Medical Preparedness. If you are serious about
training, Gunsite should be on your to-do list.
(gunsite.com; 928-636-4565)
Fred Mastison Photo
Photos Courtesy Gunsite
SELF-DEFENSE
MASTER CLASS
Shutterstock Photo
CASH COL
Must-have items
to stockpile
for trade and
barter when
paper money
is worthless.
BY JIM COBB
When the value of paper

money disappears, goods
to trade and skills to barter
will be our currency.
hat to stockpile for

trade after some
sort of societal
collapse always
makes for a fun
topic of discussion
among preppers and survivalists.
Everyone, it seems, has their favorite
items. Listening to some folks talk, youd
think they are looking to set themselves up
as some sort of cross between Mad Max
and Sam Walton.
As a practical matter, we engage in
barter every day. But rather than trade
two eggs for a pack of gum, we use small
pieces of paper to trade for what we want.
Using paper money makes things easier

all around, since we can all agree on a
fixed value for them. Not to mention that,
unlike eggs, paper isnt likely to cause a
mess in our pockets when we sit down.
But should a major calamity strike, something that leads to an economic collapse,
all that paper will be worthless.
Heres the thing: Currency is only
worth something if we believe in it. Lets
face facts. Paper money is, in and of
itself, worthless. Coins are worth a little
more, because they are actually made of a
precious metal, though the amount of precious metal varies based on the mintage
and such. But, really, since you cant eat
it, drink it, purify water with it or perform

any number of other tasks directly related
to survival, the actual value of money in a
disaster is questionable at best.
While we should be working toward
being able to meet all of our own needs
if society collapses, were only human.
Were likely going to forget to stockpile
something, or well not have set aside
enough of it. Or, perhaps, a needed item
breaks or gets lost. There are innumerable reasons why we might find it necessary to enter into a trade with someone.
When that time comes, kindness and a
dazzling smile will only get you so far.
Finding Value
As you consider what items you might

want to set aside for future trading, keep
a few guidelines in mind. First, the items
should have value to you. Stick with items
youd likely use yourself at some point if
you never need them for trade purposes.
It makes very little sense to invest time,
energy and money into stockpiling items
that may just end up in the trash someday. If you dont need them for trade, you
should still have a use for them.
Second, the items should be relatively
inexpensive now but are likely to have
great worth later. The idea here isnt to go
into debt just to stockpile a bunch of stuff
you might someday need for bartering.
There are dozens of items that cost pennies today but will be worth their weight in
gold should big-box retailers and convenience stores be closed for good.
Third, and this one should be obvious, the items should store well for long
periods of time, ideally at least a year,

without special storage requirements.
The last thing you want is to desperately
need to trade for medicine or some other
lifesaving good only to find that your barter items all rotted away in the four years
since you put them into storage. Choose
items you can keep in a dry basement or
other cool, dark place without issues.
Stocking Up
So, what items make the cut, so to

speak? Here are a few things Id recommend as potential barter goods. You can
tailor these recommendations to your
specific needs and storage capabilities.
Multi-Vitamins: When diets become more about just filling bellies rather
than getting three square meals a day,
many people are going to start suffering
from nutritional deficiencies. A decent
multi-vitamin, while not nearly as good
as eating fresh food straight from the
garden, will go a long way toward keeping people at least somewhat healthy.
Store the bottles in cool, dark places and
leave them sealed until needed. When it
comes time to trade, you could dole out
the tablets in specific quantities rather
than entire bottles, if needed.
Sewing Supplies: Few homes
today probably have much more than
a travel sewing kit squirreled away in a
junk drawer. When running to the mall to
get a new pair of jeans just isnt a workable solution, people are going to find it
necessary to repair clothing instead of
just tossing it into a rag bin because it is
stained or torn. Needles, thread, patches
Keeping an accurate inventory of your stockpile will help ensure you rotate your supplies,
including trade goods that could expire.
Shutterstock Photos
Shutterstock Photo
L LAPSE
If the cupboard
comes up empty,
trade goods can
help replenish it.
and all that other

fun stuff will be in
demand. This stuff
is all fairly cheap at
any big-box retailer. Dont overlook rummage sales as sources, too.
Consumables: Unless you have
quite a surplus of food, you wont want to
be trading much of your staple edibles.
However, there are a few inexpensive
consumables you could stock up on for
bartering. Salt has long been valued, is
very cheap right now and lasts just about
forever. Honey is a little pricier but well
worth the investment. Just make sure
youre getting real honey and not corn
syrup. Tea and instant coffee, for example, wont last forever but will be very
much prized among the caffeine addicts
in your area should the local coffeehouse
close its doors.
Toiletries: Disasters are rarely
clean and tidy affairs. After just a few
days without running water, let alone full
showers or baths, many people will start
Gold and silver have been considered

valuable for centuries. Both have practical uses above and beyond being shiny.
For example, because gold doesnt
tarnish, it is used in many electronic
components. Silver is used in solar
panels and is a tremendous conductor
of both heat and electricity.
But for all the industrial applications,
along with their natural beauty, are gold
and silver truly worth the investment for
preppers and survivalists? As with most
things in life, the answer isit depends.
REAL VALUE: Precious metals,
whether were talking about coins, bars
or jewelry, are really only worth what
feeling considerably less than fresh. After

a few weeks, when their current supplies
of soap, shampoo and toothpaste begin
to run dry, theyll likely pay dearly for a
new supply. Stock up on these items at
the dollar store. When youre traveling, be
sure to avail yourself of the supplies left in
your room by housekeeping.
Lifesaving Skills
The flip side to the stuff you can stockpile

is having the ability to perform services
for people in need. Think of it as invest-
someone else is willing to give us for

them. Thats true of anything when you
get right down to it. I could have a Hank
Aaron rookie card in mint condition
that, on paper, is easily worth $5,000,
but if I cant find a buyer, it isnt worth
anything. On the other hand, if everyone
around me is starving and I have a stash
of canned soup in storage, I could probably name my price.
My suggestion is to first make sure
youve stockpiled food, water and other
necessities to the level at which you feel
comfortable. Only then should you look
at investing in precious metals for potential use as currency down the road.
ing in your post-collapse career. There

are many skill sets that just naturally lend
themselves to usefulness in the aftermath
of a major event.
One important consideration, though,
is that many of these jobs will require a
stockpile of necessary supplies, equipment and tools. That said, most people
who possess these skill sets likely already
have the necessities in place.
Medical: Any healthcare-related
skills will be prized. While family practice
doctors and nurse practitioners are often
Big Stock Photo
STOCKPILING GOLD & SILVER
at the top of the list, everyone from paramedics to podiatrists will likely find work
rather easily.
Dental: Most of us hate going to the
dentist now and will put off dental work
for as long as possible. In a post-collapse
world, though, any infection could turn
deadly. We might also not have the luxury
of anesthetic, so consider getting that
work done now rather than risking having
it done by candlelight and with a bottle of
alcohol as your only numbing agent.
Build & Repair: Those who know
Big Stock Photo
how to build and repair will never lack for

work. Plumbers, carpenters and electricians all have skills to offer a society that
is rebuilding or even just struggling to stay
alive day by day.
Butchering: Hunting and trapping
your own food is one thing, but processing it in such a way as to preserve as
much meat as possible is another. Those
who possess such skills will probably be
able to work out lucrative deals trading for
a portion of the meat.
When hunting and trapping become the

primary sources of protein, butchering
will be a highly sought-after skill.
Brewing & Distillation: When

times are good, people like to drink.
When times are bad, they like to drink
even more. It is an escape, however temporary, from the drudgery of day-to-day
life. Those who have the knowledge and
the supplies to provide alcohol will probably never lack for friends nor food.
Tool Maintenance: It takes maybe
a few minutes to show someone how to
use an axe properly. Teaching someone how to properly sharpen that axe,
though, takes longer. The same principle
applies to knives, saws and other tools.
These arent difficult skills to learn and
the investment in supplies is actually fairly
minimal. But it does take time and practice to learn how to do it correctly.
Bartering is a skill, one that should
be practiced and fine-tuned. Visit flea
markets and rummage sales, as those
are places where dickering is not just
acceptable but expected. The goal isnt
to get one over on the other person, but
rather to find a way where each person
involved in the trade feels they got the
better deal.
Shutterstock Photo
ARE YOU
READY?
How to handle panic and
disaster in major cities
and get out alive!
BY SCOTT CONDITT
When it comes to survival training resources, the volume of highquality instructive video content and
the pedigree of the experts at Panteao
Productions are simply unrivaled. Offering
everything from firearms training, to wilderness survival skills, to doomsday-based
personal defense tactics for all environments on one website, Panteaos line of
educational videos succeed in delivering
reliable, high-quality training videos in
DVD or online streaming formats via its
subscription-based service. One of the
most popular series in the Panteao library
currently is the Make Ready series.
Master Class
This series of educational and instructional
skills-based video tutorials essentially
provides any survival-minded trainee, from
any background or skill level, with a wide
range of preparation and educational overviews for numerous scenarios, and then
further breaks down the training into more
specific skills-based regiments.
For example, components such as
hunting, medical treatment, basic survival,
competitive shooting and even physical
exercise contain a number of subchapters
for each of these topics. One aspect that
distinguishes the Panteao instructional
videos from other online content is that the
videos are straight and to the point, welledited, hosted by respected members of
the training community and typically run no
longer than 15 minutes each.
In short, the training is really high quality
and leaves you feeling like the instruction
youve received is coming from certified
instructors during a paid training session.
And, of course, you can pause them and
review them again later to refresh your
memory as needed. Two survival selections from the Make Ready To Survive
series that I recently reviewed included the
Suburban & City Environment and the Civil
Breakdown instructional videos.
Save Yourself
In the Suburban & City Environment video,
a number of experts from military, law enforcement and survival backgrounds lead
the viewer through the basics of surviving during a medium-term catastrophic
event. All of the training and skills covered
in this module center around the basic scenario that you may find yourself sustaining
your family off the grid, without power and
basic utilities for a weeks to months.
Food and water storage, communications, sheltering in place, securing your
home and neighborhood, and advanced
first aid are a few of the chapters within
this video. The basic skills of budgeting
and rationing supplies based on the size of
your survival group and the consumption
needs of the group are also discussed in
detail.
Another chapter in the video with a
good deal of practical (and often overlooked) advice is the chapter on workplace
survival gear. If a disaster, such as a hurricane, blizzard or blackout event, occurred
while working away from home, this chapter advises you to carry a few very sensible
items in a small workplace gear bag to
increase your comfort and overall chances
of survival. Overall, the Make Ready: Suburban & City Environment video provides
a very comprehensive, fundamental base
of knowledge and solid beginners skills
training for newcomers to survival culture,

all while introducing some very sound tips
and tricks that will also benefit those who
have been prepping for a while.
Guardian Gear
The Civil Breakdown video more specifically covers the threats and possible
scenarios one will face during an instance
of civil unrest or where martial law may be
enacted, such as during Hurricane Andrew
or Hurricane Katrina. The video also discusses how to prepare and plan for
potential rioting, looting and situations
where neighborhood safety may be
threatened. It also covers how to organize,
communicate, defend and protect neighborhoods and small communities during
such times.
This video contains chapters that really
focus on specific lifesaving equipment for
such scenarios, such as firearms selection,
load-bearing vests and plate carriers, survival optics, medical and triage equipment
and handheld communications devices.
The instructors in this section also engage
the viewer to consider the stresses, both
physical and mental, that they and their
neighbors may be enduring during such
times. This is a critical aspect of survival
preparedness, and it reinforces the idea
that practicing with your gear and reviewing your survival plan, travel routes and
other contingencies are crucial to being
able to react under pressure during
a critical incident.
Panteo Productions training videos rival, or are a great supplement to, attending
training courses in person. Undoubtedly,
learning and practicing the skills contained
in the Make Ready To Survive video series
will leave you more knowledgeable and
prepared than you were before. For more
information, visit panteao.com or call
800-381-9752.
Panteaos Make Ready videos, on DVD or
streaming, can help you prepare to outlast
any disaster in any environment.
W W W. E O T E C H I N C . C O M
An
Company
2015, L-3 EOTech
X320
THERMAL IMAGER
BACKWOODS
DID YOU KNOW?
Go-Anywhere Glue
Glue can be made from a combination of

pinesap and charcoal. This glue can be melted
time and time again and lasts forever!
Bears begin to wake from their hibernation

around April, and can be disoriented and aggressive. Here are three tips to help you survive
in bear habitats:
1. Know The Predator: North America is
home to three bear species: The black bear, the
brown bear (a species that includes the grizzly
bear) and the polar bear. The average brown
bear encounter is more dangerous3.5 times
more likely to result in injurythan the average
polar bear encounter, and 21 times more dangerous than the average black bear encounter.
2. Dont Attract Them: Bears have a
better sense of smell than dogs. Take steps
to minimize or eliminate scents and odors on
and around you, like food, deodorant and even
chewing gum.
3. Carry Bear Spray: This type of pepper spray can be up to 92-percent effective in
stopping a bear attack, especially against grizzlies. Practice in advance how to operate the
spray, including being familiar with far it shoots.
Wear it in a holster in front of you so it is always
at the ready. source: national geographic
Full Moon Mania
Shutterstock Photoss
Deadly Encounter
More Cordage
There is only one retail store in the world

solely dedicated to selling paracord, and its
located in the United States! Formed in 2011,
Bored? Paracord! is a small, veteran-owned
business that started online and has grown
into its own brick-and-mortar space located
in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. With over 250
colors of paracord and a variety of accessories, this is the perfect place to start stocking
up. For more information, visit paracord.com
or boredparacord.com.
There is a full moon approximately every

29 days. Each season usually has three full
moons. The weather and the moods of people
and animals can be affected by the moons
phases, so be aware.
Natural Pain Reliever

The green under the bark of tress can
be scraped out and used as aspirin.
Just steep it in hot water as you would
tea and consume.
7 Survival
Uses For Socks
Spring is a high-risk season for snakebites.

Most snakebites occur during this time, when
the weather is warm and outdoor activities
are popular. After November, snakes tend to
hibernate during the winter, similar to bears.
Big Stock Photo
Snakebite Season
1. Warm your hands

2. Filter water
3. Make an anchor
4. Dress a wound
5. Improvise traction
6. Carry small items
7. Make a weapon
8. Wash food
source: backpacker.com
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through common urban barriers.
VISIT HORNADY.COM
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& 8,413,587
BACKWOODS
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AEL DAN
With the popularity of survival at an

all-time high, many everyday people
are now pursuing the benefits of being prepared for the unknown. Whether a
manmade emergency occurs or nature decides to let loose its wrath upon your area,
being prepared is definitely a worthwhile
pursuit. However, the world of survival is
vast and highly detailed, and like any other
field, hobby or job out in the world, there
has to be a starting point for learning the
Shutterstock Photo
BY MICH
fundamentals. You cant expect to be able

to survive successfully no matter the
situation without a solid foundation of
basic skills.
Luckily, outdoorsman and survivalist
Creek Stewart can help guide you down
the right path by introducing you to eight
skills that every beginning survivalist or
outdoor enthusiast must learn in order to
have a fighting chance against the forces
of nature. Creek Stewart is a survival
expert who has honed his survival skills

through his lifelong study of outdoor living
and thousands of hours in the field. He is
the owner and founder of Willow Haven
Outdoor Survival Training School, located
in central Indiana.
In a survival scenario, its all about priorities. The survival Rule Of Three helps
you to remember those, said Stewart. In
extreme conditions, humans can live three
hours without shelter, three days without
Photos Courtesy Willow Haven
far more at you than you are probably

prepared to handle. As such, wind and sun
burns, hypothermia, heat stroke and even
skin rot can all take you out of the game
fast, and in some cases permanently. This
fact makes shelter an absolute must.
Unfortunately, what most beginners
give priority to when building a shelter is
making sure that they have some sort of
covering overhead. This is not bad thinking
by any means. The thought to be sheltered from rain, snow and wind is a good
one, but what they tend to omit from their
initial shelter design is the absolute need
to elevate themselves off the cold ground.
Through conduction, the cold ground can
drain your body heat, dropping your core
temperature and resulting in possible
hypothermia or even death. This oftenoverlooked skill can be easily rectified by
constructing your own raised bed frame.
Once complete, you can then focus on
overhead protection using branches, tarps
or other materials secured by Creeks
canopy knots.
A taut-line hitch is perfect for tightening a ridgeline

or staking out guy lines to stretch out the corners or
edges of a tarp. Both Evenk hitch knots and taut-line
knots can be used to construct simple shelters with a
tarp or an improvised banner sign.
1. Building Raised Bed

Frames: Your first task when building
Creek Stewart
water and three weeks without food. Shelter is almost always number one. And
when it comes to survival supplies, Creek
offers a unique choice for your number one
supply: Many people forget that the body
is their first and most important survival
tool. If you do not take care of your body,
then do not expect it to take care of you
when the going gets tough. Meticulously
maintain your body just as you would any
other piece of important survival gear.
Creek offers two essential beginners
skills that are included under each of the
Core Four survival categories: food,
water, fire and shelter. Think of these as
your first steps into the survival world,
steps that will help you reach the next
level and beyond. Remember, nothing is
guaranteed in life, let alone when trying
to survive out in the wild. But Creeks tips
and tricks, based on a lifetime of learned
and practiced survival skills, will give you
an edge over those that think they can
learn survival on the fly.
Building Shelters
Nature can be brutal, plain and simple.
Most people, from the safety of their
homes, cant fathom the ferocity of the
elements on the unprotected human body.
From high winds to blistering cold to
sweltering heat, Mother Nature can throw
your raised bed frame is to cut (or chop,

if all you have is an axe or hatchet) logs
between 4 and 10 inches in diameter and
create a log-cabin-style frame that will
elevate you 6 to 24 inches off the cold
ground. Lash the intersection points on all
the corners to create a stable base frame.
Next, slide in two crossbars (2 to 3 inches
in diameter) approximately where your
knees and lower back will be positioned
when you sleep. These will aid in providing
you with some spring in your mattress,
giving you a more comfortable nights
sleep. Run several small saplings (0.5 to
1 inch in diameter) perpendicular to the
crossbars stretching from your head to
your toes. Lastly, use thin branches or tree
boughs for insulation and lay them in a herringbone pattern on the top of the saplings.
Make any adjustments needed and enjoy a
night of comfort under the stars.
2. Tying Canopy Knots: Two
knots that are essential must-learn items
for any beginner are the Evenk hitch and
the taut-line. These knots are indispensible
when setting up your overhead canopy.
Both of these knots provide a secure line
that releases quickly and efficiently without
a fight or need to cut valuable cordage. When used in conjunction with one
another, these knots will give you peace
of mind that your canopy will remain intact
when Mother Nature sends harsh winds
your way. Both of these knots are very
easy to learn, and with a bit of practice, you
Here you can see the transition from log cabin

frame to finished product. Elevating yourself off the
cold ground can mean the difference between a
restful nights sleep and the onset of hypothermia.
will soon have the skills you need to secure

tarps, tents or any other campsite needs.
For a detailed video of Creek demonstrating the knots himself, visit willowhavenoutdoor.com.
Stay Hydrated
If you go for three days without water, then
you will die. That alone should emphasize the great importance of finding fresh
drinking water when out in the wild or in
any urban neighborhood. However, there
is a two-step process to accomplish before
youre able to quench your thirst. First,
water must be located and secured. And
second, it must be purified. Drinking unpurified water is like rolling the dice.
Yes, you may make it through without
any harmful side effects, but, on the flip
side, you could suffer immense stomach
pains, crippling diarrhea and vomiting,
and all-around severe body shut down
BACKWOODS
4. Purifying Water Without

Boiling: Purification removes harmful
pathogens from water, enabling you to
drink it without the worry of getting sick.
The number one method to purify water is
by boiling it. Five minutes at a rolling boil is
sufficient to kill nearly all harmful organisms. But what if boiling is not an option?
It is a definite possibility that you may not
have access to fire or the necessary components to boil water when under survival
conditions, but you do have other options.
The use of chemicals can purify tainted
water. Iodine, basic household bleach
as well as purification tablets can make
tainted water pure again to keep your body
constantly hydrated. Your homework is to
test these products beforehand and make
sure you know the proper ratio of product
to water. Without the correct proportions,
you can make yourself sick from overdosing on the added chemicals. Once skilled in
treating bad water, always be sure to carry
at least one of these purification options
with you at all times.
Finding Food
Without calories to provide energy for your
body, both your mental sharpness and
overall physical strength will suffer greatly
during a survival situation. Knowing how to
Creating a gig for small game or fish offers you the

chance to secure your dinner when out in the wild.
Its easy to make a funnel trap when youre out in

the wild to passively help you secure food without
expending too many calories or time.
A snare trap is a relatively simple way to try and catch

small game. Increase your chances of securing dinner
by setting several traps along noticeable game trails.
A bow and arrow set is an effective hunting weapon

that can easily be created when out in the wilderness.
The materials you need include a strong, flexible
sapling, a few thin sticks for arrows, bird feathers
and some cordage, and youre good to go.
secure both plant and animal products

allows you a greater chance to make it
through your ordeal by keeping your stomach full and satisfied. You will then be able
to focus all your energy on the remaining
survival tasks at hand.
see 80 percent of the time. Basically, give

your attention to ones that are readily available and easy to identify.
3. If youve never eaten it before, you
shouldnt eat it when bugging out. Odds
are you are not familiar enough with the
variety for positive identification. Dont risk
illness and make your situation go from
bad to worse.
Photos Courtesy Willow Haven
that will greatly hinder your chances of

surviving your ordeal. Remember, drinking
unpurified water should only be done as
a last resort, when the alternative for you
would be certain death from dehydration.
3. Finding Safe Water: Where
do you start your search for a lifesaving
water source? Luckily, nature can provide
you with clues that can lead you to this precious resource. First thing, head downhill.
Gravity dictates that water will travel from
higher elevations to lower elevations and
collect at a point when it can travel no
further. This is where you want to go. You
may not find the water source initially, but
you will certainly be in the right area to
make a more detailed investigation.
In addition, as you make your way
downward, look for tracks or grooves cut
into the muddy or rocky ground. This is
an indication of the path water takes to
reach the bottom. Follow it straight down
and with a bit of luck you will find a small
pool or trickling brook at the end of the
trail. Lastly, scan your surrounding area for
lush green vegetation. Plants cant survive
very well without a constant water source.
Vibrant plant life indicates that water is
somehow reaching these plants, and ultimately it can become your life source, too.
5. Identifying Edible Plants:

Eating wild vegetation while under emergency conditions may sound like an easy
and worthwhile endeavor, yet in reality it
can cost you dearly in terms of sickness
and possible death. The key to reaping the
rewards of local plant life lies in your ability
to unequivocally identify the beneficial
fauna while passing on those plants that
can do you serious harm.
Your first task prior to venturing out in
the wild, whether recreational or under a
bug-out condition, is to get a very good
field guide to edible wild plants. Study the
book intensely, especially those plants that
are native to your general area. These are
the plants that you would most likely come
into contact with as you bug-out. After
that, practice! Go out in your environment
and test yourself. Only through constant
practice will you become proficient at identifying edible plants. Creek offers a few tips
that should be heeded when considering
eating wild edibles.
1. If in doubt, leave it out. If youre not
certain of a plants identity, forget it and
move on to other foliage.
2. Focus on 20 percent of plants you
6. Building Spring Snares:

Catching small game should be your
goal when out in the wild. Birds, squirrels, rodents, rabbits and fish are easier to
catch than larger animals, such as deer or
wild pigs. Using spring snares allows you
multiple chances to catch dinner while
expending the least amount of calories.
The snare consists of a hook and base
trigger, a noose made from wire or other
cordage and a flexible sapling to give it the
necessary spring to secure and elevate
your unsuspecting prey.
Use a dead yet strong branch to
construct the trigger component. Carve
two opposing hooks from the branches
and drive the base unit into the ground.
Secure the wire noose to the hook portion
of the trigger, tie it to the sapling, pull it taut
and lock it into the base. When an animal
gets caught in the noose, the trap will be
sprung and dinner will soon be served.
Be sure to set your snares on visible
game trails or wherever signs of wildlife
are evident.
Creek has a solution that utilizes the powerful rays of the sun. Learn this valuable
technique, create a tinder bundle and soon
a roaring fire will be a prominent fixture at
your campsite or bug-out location.
7. Building Tinder Bundles:
Nature provides several very good sources for fire

tinder, including dry, rotting wood, tinder fungus,
milkweed ovium and even small animal droppings.
Knowing where to look is an essential skill.
Lifesaving Fire
Fire provides you with many luxuries. It
can keep you warm, signal for help, cook
your food and purify your water. It is one
of the Core Four of the survival world,
and without it your chances of survival can
drop dramatically. However, creating a fire
is not always an easy task. Mother Nature
can throw a variety of obstacles at you,
including constant rain, high winds and
damp materials. However, all is not lost.
A tinder bundle is your means to take an

ember or ignited spark and create a useable flame. A properly made tinder bundle
can mean the difference between a warm,
cozy night and a cold, damp and seemingly
endless night outdoors. The key to having
a tinder bundle that works properly lies in
your ability to acquire the best resources
needed to produce a flame. Fortunately,
tinder materials are all around you. You just
need to know where to look.
Cattail and milkweed seed down ignite
with little effort. The nests of both rodents
and birds are incredibly dry and woven with
fine leaves, twigs and other small fibrous
materials. The entire nest can essentially
become a tinder bundle itself. Additionally,
tree barks, including birch, walnut and cedar, all contain either essential oils that aid
in burning or have fibers that can be fluffed
up to produce almost hair-like qualities,
making them ideal for igniting the smallest
ember or spark.
Once you have your material, lay the
loose bundle onto a flexible piece of tree

bark or a wide tree leaf for easy handling.
You can also add a variety of extenders or
accelerants to your bundle to help expedite
the fire process. These include such items
as lip balm, waxes, pine sap, petroleum
jelly, liquors, mouthwash and many types of
home hair-care products.
8. Sourcing Solar Fire: One
great way to start a fire is by using the suns
intense rays. There are several means
by which to accomplish this, but they all
essentially perform the same functionfocusing the suns energy on a particular
piece of tinder until it smolders. From there
it goes to the tinder bundle, and before you
know it youre on your way to a warm night
under the stars. Two types of tinder that
work very well with solar fire-starters are
char cloth (which, due to its black color,
absorbs heat very quickly) and dried animal
droppings. Other useful tinder found out in
the field include punky wood, which is essentially dry, rotting wood, the tinder fungus
from birch trees and milkweed ovum, a
paper-thin membrane in a milkweed pod
that will smolder almost instantly when using a solar fire-starting method. Still other
more unconventional tinder sources include
tobacco from scavenged cigarette butts
and even coffee grounds, which smolder

surprisingly well.
Starting a fire using the sun can be
accomplished using a variety of handy
items. A magnifying glass, prescription
eyeglasses, a camera or binocular lens
can all focus the suns energy directly
onto your awaiting tinder. Parabolic
lenses also work well to create a fire. A
flashlight reflector, the bottom of a soda
can and the shiny interior of a metal bowl
all converge the suns energy on one
focal point where your tinder is held. Believe it or not, a water-filled condom or
a chunk of smoothed ice can start a fire
in a pinch. Remember, survival is about
improvising, practicing and executing
when your life is on the line.
Essential Prep
When learning survival skills, there must
be a proper proportion between book
learning and learning while out in the
field. There is no doubt that experience
supersedes any instructional DVDs that
you may have watched, books that you
may have read or survival advice given to
you by others.
These and other media tools are just
thattools. Tools that give you a starting point to collect as much knowledge
on the subject of survival as possible.
Then its time for you to venture outside,
out of your comfort zone, and confront
nature head on. Only then will you truly
be ready to not only survive, but thrive
when the world throws its worst at you.
For more information on Creek Stewart,
visit willowhavenoutdoor.com.
You can expand on all of these beginners survival

skills and learn dozens more in Creek Stewarts
book, Build The Perfect Bug Out Survival Skills.
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AMERICAN GUNSMITHING INSTITUTE AGI
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SU
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T
I
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C
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BACKWOODS
New self-defense
tools to keep you
and your cache safe
during a disaster.
BY WILL DABBS, MD
HAWKE KNIVES
PEREGRINE
Designed by esteemed survival expert

Mykel Hawke, the Peregrine is a harduse knife suitable for general utility and
survival applications. The full-tang blade
is made from AUS-8 stainless steel with
a Blackstone protective finish. There
are multiple lanyard attachment points
to turn the knife into a spear point.
The rubber handle provides plenty of
gripping surface and the robust tactical
sheath sports an accessory pocket and
Velcro strap. The tanto-style blade is
5 inches long, and the knife is 10.5
inches long overall. The entire rig
weighs only 1.15 pounds. For a nearly
indestructible survival blade that is
intelligently engineered, the Hawke
Peregrine is tough to beat.
(shop.hawkebrand.com)
n a legitimate survival situation, you will have to

protect yourself and your family. All of the food,
water and gear in the world is great, but every bit
of it goes to the scruffy guy with fewer scruples if
you dont have the tools and will to defend it. Fortunately, the flower of modern engineering prowess
has conspired to produce some fascinating tools
to help you out in that regard. Whether you gravitate towards guns, blades, crossbows or the truly weird,
this new gear for 2016 offers a veritable cornucopia of
defensive weaponry.
BENJAMIN
PIONEER AIRBOW
The Benjamin Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) Pioneer Airbow
is something truly fresh and different in the world of primitive
weapons. The Airbow fires 375-grain arrows at 450 feet per
second using a pre-charged, onboard air tank for power. A full
charge at 3,000 psi yields eight consistent shots. The Airbow
is designed around a bullpup action that keeps the overall
length of the weapon a short 33.5 inches. The ambidextrous,
top-mounted charging lever cocks the action, and the weapon
comes with a sling, a quiver, three custom arrows and a
6x40mm scope. An integrated pressure regulator keeps the
velocity consistent from shot to shot. The Airbow fires fulllength arrows that mount full-weight broadheads for serious
hunting and security applications. The action is easily cocked
or decocked with two fingers, and the weapon fires eight
shots in roughly the time it might take to launch three from a
conventional crossbow. (crosman.com; 800-724-7486)
ONTARIO
SP-16 SPAX
The SP-16 SPAX is a remarkably versatile survival tool. At 13.1 inches long, the
SPAX is easy to carry, yet its 5.2-inch, flattaper blade is robust enough for the biggest
tasks. Hefty enough to chop through sheet
steel, the SPAX sports a hardness of 57-59
RC, an indestructible Kraton handle and a
powder-coat finish. The steel is 0.25 inches
thick, but its modest 2.1-pound weight makes
the tool easy to carry. The wrench cutout in
the blade will even let you open a fire hydrant.
Whether your day job involves being a first
responder or you just enjoy your time in the
wilderness, the SP-16 SPAX is a rugged
multi-function tool that can get you there
and back safely. (ontarioknife.com;
716-676-5527)
CENTURY ARMS
.410 SIDE-BY-SIDE
OUTDOOR EDGE HARPOON
It is hard to beat a side-by-side, double-barrel shotgun for reliability and

close-range thump. This Century .410 double-barrel is effective at close
range while being lightweight and maneuverable. When stoked with
slugs or proper defensive ammo, this diminutive scattergun will deliver
real results. Centurys version is reasonably priced, includes rebounding hammers for added safety and sports a nice set of sling swivels. For
those times when you might need proper protection without alarming the
neighbors, a side-by-side .410 shotgun from Century Arms is just the
ticket. (centuryarms.com; 800-527-1252)
The Outdoor Edge Harpoon is a multi-function survival

weapon that can turn a length of green sapling into an
effective weapon for defense or food. The Harpoon
includes a hollow handle for matches, a fishing kit and
similar survival gear as well as a hawkbill-shaped inletting tool specifically designed to prep a green pole into
a spear shaft. The cord-wrapped handle ensures that
you have everything handy that might be required to
build your survival spear. At 8.25 inches long overall
and weighing less than 9 ounces, the harpoon is easy to
carry and effective to use. For a lightweight tool that will
turn any proper stick into a spear, the harpoon is tough
to beat. (outdooredge.com; 800-447-3343)
TENPOINT VENOM XTRA

The Venom Xtra features a laminated wood stock with a
weather-resistant, semi-gloss finish and a non-slip rubber
buttplate. Its embedded, 19.9-inch, carbon-fiber barrel rests on
rubber inserts and dual-purpose rubber safety wings to reduce
noise and vibration. The stock and shortened barrel configuration results in a crossbow that is a compact 35 inches in length.
Offering a 185-pound pull, the Venom Xtra weighs 6.7 pounds

and shoots arrows at up to 372 feet per second. Made in the
U.S.A., all TenPoint models are equipped with rubber safety
wings that help prevent a shooters foregrip fingers and thumb
from moving above the flight deck during operation.
(330-628-9245; tenpointcrossbows.com)
The WK II Rescue Axe was

developed for a military rescue/extraction team to meet
their needs for those times
when power tools either fail
or are unavailable. This axe is
designed to cut metal, and the
blade will not hang in sheet
steel. The tapered tang enhances power and distributes
the majority of the weight to
the head, to facilitate breaking
through crossbeams. The axe
features a point on the back of
the head that serves as both a
glass-breaker as well as a hole
punch. The handle of the tool
is designed like an enormous
can opener and uses a hardened steel cutting edge to cut
through auto body steel with
relative ease. Rubber or Micarta scales provide a secure grip
in wet or dry conditions and
excellent shock absorption.
The WK II Rescue Axe comes
with a Kydex carrier with a
belt hanger, and an optional
MOLLE clip carry system is
available. (winklerknives.
com; 828-295-9156)
KERSHAW FATBACK
The Kershaw Fatback is a robust and functional tactical knife that offers high quality at a
reasonable price. With a glass-filled nylon handle and a 8Cr13MoV, modified drop-point
blade, this heat-treated knife provides lasting edge retention along with strength and
hardness. A black oxide coating offers additional blade protection and non-reflectivity.
The Fatback opens with Kershaws SpeedSafe assisted-opening mechanism for
smooth and easy one-handed manipulations. The pivot is oversized and decorative, and
the handle is drilled to accept a four-position pocket clip to accommodate any possible
carrying configuration. The Fatback weighs a mere 3.6 ounces and measures 7.75
inches in length. (kershawknives.com; 800-325-2891)
WK II
RESCUE AXE
TENPOINT CARBON
NITRO RDX
The Carbon Nitro RDX is a hightech, reverse-draw crossbow
featuring TenPoints ultra-light,
wrapped-carbon-fiber barrel thats
mated with a newly engineered
carbon stock. The Carbon Nitro
RDXs stock features three-piece
C3 construction that dramatically
reduces weight, noise and vibration.
The crossbows rubber cheekpiece
adjusts to three separate positions,
to create a perfect cheekweld. Likewise, the rubber buttplate adjusts to
match the shooters length of pull.
The bows 13-inch, 165-pound-pull
limbs are powered by the custom
RDX cam system along with
DynaFLIGHT 97 strings and cables.
The bow and stock assemblies
combine to create a perfectly balanced, precision hunting machine
that weighs 7.8 pounds, measures
only 34.25 inches long and shoots
its projectiles at 385 feet per second. (tenpointcrossbows.com;
330-628-9245)
OUTDOOR EDGE
BRUSH DEMON
The Outdoor Edge Brush Demon is a full-sized

survival blade from the mind of custom knifemaker Jerry Hossom. At 20 inches long overall
and constructed from 65Mn hardened carbon
steel, the Brush Demon is designed to handle
the heaviest chopping tasks. The weight of the
tool is kept forward to increase its chopping
force. A rubberized TPR handle makes it easy
on your hands while a baked-on powder-coat
finish keeps the blade in good shape. The durable synthetic sheath can be mounted high on a
belt or low on the thigh to provide quick access.
(outdooredge.com; 800-447-3343)
ZIPPO 4-IN-1
WOODSMAN
The Zippo 4-in-1
Woodsman is a versatile camp tool that
can chop, saw, hammer
and pull stakes. The
Woodsmans versatile
capabilities are due in no
small part to its multifunctional design wrapped
around a full steel shaft. A
15-inch blade is held tightly by
a locking cam and tension compensator, and it can saw wood
up to 4 inches in diameter. When
not in use, the blade can be safely
stored within the Woodsmans
handle. The hatchet safety sheath
doubles as a comfortable, nonslip hand grip for the saw, and
the hatchets 5-inch blade makes
chopping wood a breeze. Spin the
Woodsman around and the integrated
mallet and stake puller will help set up
or tear down camp quickly.
(zippo.com; 888-442-1932)
HENRY LEVER ACTIONS
Henry lever-action rifles are available in calibers ranging from .22 Short all the way up to .45-70. The
classic Henry lever action is as reliable and accurate today as it was one and a half centuries ago when it
was originally designed. Henry lever-action rifles provide peace of mind during times of crisis, all in a package that is not as intimidating as some other options out there. Henry lever-action .22 rifles will feed and fire
short, long and long rifle loads with comparable alacrity. When stoked with shorts, the magazine capacity is
increased and the report is comparable to a proper .22-caliber suppressed weapon. In centerfire chamberings, Henry lever-action rifles can be selected for any reasonable self-defense or survival hunting application.
(henryrifles.com; 201-858-4400)
CHIAPPA X-CALIBER
ADAPTOR SETS
Chiappas X-Caliber Adaptor Sets are available in both 12- and 20-gauge
versions, and bring unprecedented versatility to the humble shotgun. The
12-gauge version comes with eight chamber inserts while the 20-gauge
version comes with four. These chamber inserts drop into any standard
shotgun barrel without a fuss but make a great companion for the Chiappa M6 survival weapon. The 12-gauge version allows the host gun
to fire .380 ACP, 9mm, .357 Magnum/.38 Special, .40 S&W,
.44 Magnum, .45 ACP, .410/.45 Long Colt and 20-gauge
rounds. With one of these sets, you can reasonably fire
most any sort of common ammunition you might
encounter in most places. The entire kit comes in a
handy and compact cloth carrying bag.
(chiappafirearms.com)
SOG QUAKE
The Quake is one of SOGs

largest folding knives, and it
is designed for hard use in
a harsh world. The Quake is
powered by SOGs SAT 2
(SOG Assisted Technology)
that snaps the blade open
with a push of the thumb.
The crossguard folds when
closing the knife and serves
as a lever to assist with the
opening motion. Compared
to a conventional thumb
stud, this system is faster
and easier to deploy under
all conditions. The 3.5-inch,
VG 10 blade is satin polished,
and the handles are forged
and anodized aluminum. The
knife comes with a reversible,
low-carry pocket clip and a
lifetime warranty. The knife
has full-length stainless steel
liners and weighs only 5.8
ounces. (sogknives.com;
888-405-6433)
CARBON EXPRESS CROSSBOWS

Carbon Express offers a wide selection of state-of-the-art crossbows
for a variety of applications, including the Intercept, Covert and X Force
series. Incorporating modern materials science with advanced optics
and contemporary ergonomics, Carbon Express crossbows produce
the power and accuracy needed for hunting, survival and security applications. Naturally quiet and remarkably accurate at reasonable ranges,
Carbon Express crossbows fill a tactical niche somewhere between
conventional bows and firearms. Carbon Express offers a variety of
packages that include a crossbow along with all the gear you need to
get started in the sport. Accessories like cocking aids, optics, bolts and
illuminated nocks to assist in bolt recovery all bring crossbow shooting
into the modern era. Carbon Express crossbows are customizable to
the individual operator and powerful enough for serious applications.
(carbonexpresscrossbow.com; 800-241-4833)
The SUB-2000 folding rifle feeds from standard handgun magazines but pivots around its
center to fold into a remarkably compact package. The SUB-2000 action rests in the back
half of the gun while the barrel comprises the
front half. Once deployed, the two components
lock rigidly in place for hard use and proper
accuracy. The Keltec SUB-2000 is available
in either 9mm or .40 S&W, and operates via unlocked blowback. Given that this is a rifle shooting a pistol cartridge, recoil is unremarkable
and follow-up shots are easily achieved. When
stoked with proper ammunition, the SUB-2000
is effective out to 100 meters. The SUB-2000
folds up to stow in a modest backpack yet
deploys to serve as a proper defensive firearm
should the need arise. (keltecweapons.com;
321-631-0068)
Designed by Laci Szabo, this modern tomahawk

doubles as both a survival tool and a devastating
close-quarters defense tool. Formed from a solid
billet of D2 tool steel, this tomahawk features an
elegantly curved handle that places its center of
balance midway along its length for maximum
chopping energy. This makes the weapon much
faster than more traditional head-heavy designs.
A flared extension on the end of the grip ensures
a firm purchase during the swing. The SzaboHawk also features a functional pry tip while
the blade is flat-ground for strength. A hammer
poll on the opposite end of the head allows the
SzaboHawk to be used for camp chores as well.
The hawk is coated in a titanium carbonitride
finish, and the scales are G10. A custom-molded
Boltaron sheath carries it around safely and comfortably. (spyderco.com; 800-525-7770)
KEL-TEC SUB-2000
SPYDERCO
SZABOHAWK
BUCK 738 BOW TRX
If your survival weapon of choice is a bow, this new tool from Buck Knives
may be just what you need to maintain your primary weapons peak performance. The 738 Bow TRX comes complete with eight Torx drivers, a Phillips #2 screwdriver, a set of scissors and a 2-inch bladeeverything you
need to maintain a bow in the field.
This compact folding tool also comes with its own sheath and includes a
separate broadhead wrench. The broadhead wrench features a trianglular
hole, hex holes and fits two-, three- and four-blade broadheads. The Bow
TRX is perfect for adjusting draw weight, tightening stabilizers, adding accessories, broadhead tip removal and other preventative maintenance, and
its convenient size allows for easy carry in your bow case or pocket. Bucks
new bow tool is backed by the companys famous Forever Warranty.
(buckknives.com; 800-326-2825)
CENTURY
ARMS TP9SF
The starting point for any
proper survival loadout is a
handgun. While the market
is literally awash in pistols
of all shapes and sizes, the
Canik TP9SF as imported
by Century stands out as
unusually capable. The TP9SF sports a striker-fired
trigger that is the equal of guns costing twice as much.
The gun comes with two 18-round magazines, a quality
synthetic holster with both belt and paddle mounts, a
full cleaning kit and two interchangeable backstraps.
The gun is utterly reliable and includes everything you
need to arm yourself well without breaking your budget.
(centuryarms.com; 800-527-1252)
STEEL WILL CHIEFTAIN
The Steel Will Chieftain is a full-sized survival knife designed for

general utility and survival purposes. The Chieftain is made from
1095 steel and has a 7.48-inch blade. The handles are Micarta, and
the hard-use sheath is made from nylon. The Chieftain sports a classic clip-point blade and durable full-tang construction. It is designed
to be used with any grip, even in gloves. The thickness and strength
of its steel make the Chieftain adequate for heavy-duty camp and
survival applications. (steelwillknives.com; 877-969-0909)
Shutterstock Photo
BACKWOODS
HUNTING
101
Dont become
the bait!
BY BILL VAZNIS
iving off-grid is not a life of leisure.Not by a long shot. In addition

to procuring a safe place to rest your
weary bones, one of your primary tasks is
to secure enough food to keep you alive
and healthy. No worries, you say, when
the nearby woods and waters are teeming with nutritious food, right?
Well, gathering ripe strawberries and
blueberries is generally not life-threatening, nor is picking apples or stockpiling
barrels of hickory nuts for use later in the
year. But bringing pesticide-free protein
like a deer or a bear back to your camp
to eat can actually be a very dangerous
proposition if youre not careful.
Several years ago, I shot at a deer with

my bow and arrow. The buck arched his
back when the arrow struck him in mid
body, and I watched him run about a hundred yards or so then lay down. Twenty
minutes later, he stretched his head out
and laid it flat on the ground. I assumed
he had expired, but I waited another half
an hour before approaching him.
When I got close, I could see that he
was still breathing a bit, so I circled around
with the idea of shooting him again in the
chest cavity. I did not want to watch him
suffer. What I should have done, however,
is back off and let nature take its course,
because when I walked to within 5 yards
of the buck, he suddenly leapt to his feet

and charged me, bobbing his head up
and down in an attempt to skewer me
with his antlers. Fortunately, he was quite
weak and only managed to go a short
distance before collapsing. I retreated,
and the buck expired 10 minutes later.
On another occasion a dead black
bear gave us good scare. A member of
our party walked into camp proclaiming he had just shot a big bear with his
muzzleloader and needed help dragging
it out to the cart road. He assured us it
had to be dead by the amount of blood it
had lost. Five of us immediately picked
up the blood trail. Our pal was right; there
Thinkstock Photo
ABOVE: Is it dead? Are its eyes open? Do not

approach any animal head on or from a downhill
position. Rather, approach the animal from behind,
along their spine, not near their hooves. If it is still
alive and senses you are near, it could very well try
its best to charge your position.
BELOW: Bears are extremely dangerous and easily
provoked. If youve downed one while hunting, give
it plenty of space before trying to harvest it.
Corbis Photo
was plenty of blood. But he was wrong

about the bruin being dead. In our rush
to find the bear, we walked to within 10
or so yards of where it was laying when
it suddenly stood up on its hind legs and
snarled at us. We fell over each other
yelling and screaming, trying to get out of
the bears way. Fortunately, a member of
the party was toting a 12-gauge shotgun
and he quickly dispatched the bear. We
all learned a valuable lesson that day: It
aint dead until its dead!
Small game animals on the menu can
also bring you harm if you are not careful.
Squirrels, for example, have sharp teeth
and will not hesitate in proving that to
you if you bend over to casually pick a
wounded one up off the ground, and of
course opossums are famous for playing possum before snarling and then
baring a set of pointed teeth. But these
reactions are nothing compared to what a
raccoon can do.
Now, raccoon meat is delicious, and
I would never pass up a haunch of dark
meat roasted with carrots and white potatoes. It can be a bit greasy, but it is none-
CLOSE ENCOUNTER
CAUTION
Once in a while we may stumble
upon a dead animal when hiking or
taking a stroll through the nearby
woods. Here are a few tips to keep
in mind.
> The animal may not be dead. It
may be sick or injured, and you should
not get too close. Foxes and raccoons
may be infected with any number of
diseases, including distemper, the
mange or even rabies. If it is indeed
still alive, it could very well attack you.
> If you hear flies buzzing around
and see that a portion of the carcass
has been gnawed on, usually the
anus and rear quarters, you can be
pretty sure it is dead. But a bear may
be bedded nearby and have a claim
on the carcass, and it wont take
kindly to your intrusion.
> If it is indeed dead and no
other critter has laid a claim on it
that doesnt mean you can take any
part of it home for a souvenir. Most
states and provinces have laws
against an unlicensed person picking
up a dead game animal, even for
food. And if the critter is an endangered or protected species, like owls,
bald eagles and some song birds,
dont even think about plucking a
feather. Federal and state fines can
be quite stiff and may also include
jail time.
> Children especially may want
to help the injured critter. Keep them
away. This is a good time to teach
them about the cycle of life and death.
BACKWOODS
theless very tasty. So it was not surprising

to me when a friend spied a fat raccoon
staring down at us from a tall oak tree and
quickly took aim with his single-shot .22.
When it tumbled out of the tree and onto
the ground in front of us, Bob rushed
over to claim it for dinner, first kicking it to
see if it was still alive. Well, to his surprise,
it was still alive, and it slashed his rubber
footwear with a mouthful of sharp teeth
before scampering away into the underbrush apparently unscathed. Thankfully,
Bobs bloody right foot eventually
healed after the encounter.
painful swelling if you are not careful.

How can you avoid those sharp, bony
fins? It is best to slide your hand from
head to tail, grasping the fish firmly to
flatten the fins against its body.
Bullheads, hornpout and catfish have
a needle-sharp bone along the leading
edge of their pectoral and dorsal fins that,
when stimulated, stick out and become
defensive weapons. Spread your index
and middle fingers apart and slide your
hand in the opposite direction as you
would a sunfish. That is, from tail to head
up to the base of the dorsal fin, wrapping
your fingers around the two pectoral fins
as they become erect. This allows you to
firmly grasp the fish and remove the hook
without injuring yourself.
Sliding your catch on a forked stick or
along a length of rope can also be dangerous, especially when you are fishing
iStock Photo
Big Stock Photo
Bluegills, pumpkinseeds and other

soft-rayed fish often have sharp spines
on their dorsal and pectoral fins that can
easily puncture your hand and cause
In some circles, snapping turtles are a delicacy.

Check local game laws for season dates and bag
limits. Contact local authorities for advisories, as
snappers are bottom feeders and often have heavy
metals built up in their muscles.
If the fish is large like this particular catfish,

grab it in the midsection, from above, and
press the dorsal fin against its body to avoid
being impaled by sharp bones.
Shuttertock Photo
Bluegill can make a tasty meal. Beware of the

spines in the dorsal fin when cleaning them,
however. Predators like northern pike and
muskellunge swallow these critters headfirst
to avoid those sharp spines!
iStock Photo
iStock Photo
Snakes are common in the wild and easy to catch

if you are hungry. But be sure to avoid being
bittennot all snakes are harmless. When in
doubt, use a forked stick to pin the snakes head
to the ground before you attempt to kill it.
iStock Photo
Dangerous
Waters
shallow standing water almost anywhere

in North America. Snapping turtles, both
the common type and the huge alligator
snapping turtle, are attracted to a stringer
of struggling fish like moths to a flame,
and with their sharp beaks can sever a
finger if you are not watchful. The solution
here is rather straightforward. Do not
stick your hand in the water to put a fish
on your stringer. Instead, lift the stringer
out of the water first and then securely
thread your catch onto it.
Snappers should not be your only
worry. Simply washing your knife off in
the water can trigger a vicious strike from
a northern pike or a muskellunge. Casting
brightly colored lures from a boat will get
one of these toothy predators to swim in
close for a look-see, and then flashing a
silver knife blade just under the waters
surface may be all it takes for it to at-
Prepared carefully, raccoons can make a delicious

meal. Beware, however, that they can carry rabies
like foxes and other varmints. When in doubt, its
best to keep your distance.
Some fish like pike can reach 50 inches or more in

length. If you hook one, do not stick your fingers in
its mouth to dislodge the hook. Instead, its safer
to use a commercial hook remover or a pair of long
needle-nose pliers and save your fingers.
Shutterstock Photo
KEYS TO A
5
SAFE APPROACH
1: Never approach a wounded
animal head on, but rather from behind and along the spine, mindful that
its rear legs can kick defensively.
2: Never walk up on a wounded
big game animal, or any animal for
that matter, from a downhill position. Gravity works in the wounded
animals favor, and it will instinctively
realize you are in a vulnerable position and come after you.
3: Use a branch, an arrow or the
muzzle of your gun and touch the
animals eye. If it doesnt blink, you
can be sure it has expired. If it blinks,
back off and wait at least 30 minutes
before attempting another approach.
4: Do not drape the critter over
your shoulders like you see so often
in the movies to get it home, but drag
it using a length of rope stowed in
your fanny pack just for the occasion.
Get help if necessary.
5: Don a hunter orange hat
or vest, and then tie some orange
flagging tape to the carcass to avoid
another hunter mistakenly assuming
the deer or bear you are dragging is
still alive and kicking.
Fighting Infection
A dead black bear can still be a lifethreatening critter. Black bear meat,
like pork, can carry trichinosis, a nasty
parasite that can cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Nematodes
or roundworms are the culprit, and scientists have identified over 25,000 species of them, and over half are parasitic.
Small game animals can also give us
grief, even after they have expired. Rabbits are a prime example. As they hop
along the edges of open fields and fence
lines, cottontails and their big-footed
cousin, the snowshoe hare, often come
into contact with poison ivy plants and in
the process get the oily resin, or urushiol,
on their fur. When we pick up the dead

animal, that oil gets on our hands, and
then we transfer that oil to our bodies.
The resulting itchy rash can last for days.
Rabbits can also carry tularemia, an
intracellular bacterium that penetrates
into the body through damaged skin
and mucous membranes. A skin ulcer
can appear at the entrance point, and
our eyes can also become infected. The
infection can be serious. To minimize
coming into contact with poison ivy
and Francisella tularensis, wear rubber
gloves when skinning and butchering
any rabbit you collect in the wild.
As you can see, living off the land
and water is not without its hazards. Just
because we humans are at the top of the
food chain does not mean we are invincible. If we do not apply common sense,
sometimes our food bites back.
Shutterstock Photo
tackand their teeth are sharp! Keep a

towel in the boat to clean your knife and
your fingers will be safe.
You must cool the meat of any wild animal as soon

as possible to avoid spoilage, and that means
removing the skin. Neck meat tends to spoil first.
TRACKING
WOUNDED
PREY
Bright Red Blood With Air
Bubbles: Often emitted in a spray;
indicates a fatal lung hit. Wait 30
minutes, then begin blood trailing.
Dark Red Blood: Usually indicates a fatal liver hit. Wait at least
six hours, then begin blood trailing.
If you jump the deer, wait six hours.
Thinkstock Photo
Shutterstock Photo
Small Spots Of Bright Red

Blood: Could indicate a minor,
non-lethal muscle hit. If the blood is
mixed with food particles or there
is an odor of feces on your arrow,
then you have a hit in the gut. Wait
24 hours, then begin blood trailing.
Any sooner and you are likely to
scare the animal.
Your state or province may not mandate wearing hunter orange, but when you are dragging an animal
back to camp, it is always a good idea to don some bright orange outerwear. Otherwise, nearby hunters may
only see a bucks head bobbing up and down and take a shot. Dont risk your life!
10 SURVIVAL HUNTING ESSENTIALS

We humans evolved in large part
because we learned how to hunt big
game animals. Thank goodness,
because in a survival scenario the grocery stores have all closed down and we
must now hunt for our own food. Here
are a few of the basic hunting skills you
will need to master.
1: Know exactly where your target
animal lives. The periphery of the
swamp? On hardwood ridges above
bodies of water? What does the animals
footprint look like?
2: What does it eat? Mast? Green
vegetation? Other critters? Where does
it fit on the food chain?
3: Where does if find safety during
non-feeding times? How does it evade
its enemies? What role does the wind
play in choosing a bedding area? What
role does the sun play?
4: When does your target animal
feed? Dawn? Dusk? Midday? Rainy
days? After a cold front has passed

through? Indeed, what role does local
weather play on animal behavior?
5: What does their feces look like?
Deer drop pellets; bears, foxes and raccoons deposit coils. What can you learn
from examining their feces? Bits of
blueberries, for example, tell you not only
what bears have been eating but where
you should be looking for them. Acorn
husks tell you deer have been feeding
under oak trees. So where is the nearest
grove of trees?
6: How sharp is their sense of smell?
Hearing? Eyesight? Turkeys have no
sense of smell, but a bear can smell a
haunch of venison from a mile away and
a deer can detect your footpath six or
more hours after you have passed. Why
does a deer have a hard time seeing you
if you stand motionless?
7: What are its breeding habits?
Monthly? Yearly? Deer, for example,
get goofy during their annual rut but are

extra cautious at other times of the year,
making them easier to see during the fall
breeding season.
8: Know your weapon. How close
do you have to be to put a killshot on
a big game animal with a bow and arrow? A shotgun? A high-powered rifle?
Headshots are a no-no with a bow and
arrow, and birdshot is for birds, not big
game animals.
9: Blood trailing is an art and a science. Spatters of blood indicate direction or travel and can indicate where it is
wounded and how to proceed along the
trail. Participate in as many blood-trailing
events as possible. Experience is the
best teacher.
10: How do you eviscerate your
prey animal? What parts are edible?
Should you discard the intestines? How
do you to store meat without spoilage?
How do you smoke venison?
BACKWOODS
Y
R
T
N
U
O
C
K
BAC
S
P
U
K
BAC
LL
Those who travel the backwoods trails, pitch their

tent in campgrounds or meander along the banks of
streams and lakes in search of fishing holes often like to
supplement their outdoor equipment with a small, lightweight
handgun. The role of this handgun is multifaceted, as it may
be used to kill threatening venomous snakes, pot small game,
ward off potential attackers or provide plain plinking fun.
The premise for our outdoor journey may not be taking us
into grizzly country, but we still cant discount running into a
rabid fox or raccoon. While there are autoloading pistols that
might fill this niche, they are not as versatile as a revolver ammunition-wise, especially if you want to carry shot cartridges.
Lets take a look at a number of handguns that might offer
some comfort and protection in the backwoods with a certain
level of convenience.
Shutterstock Photos
10
ts for
o
h
s
t
e
k
c
o
p
le
e.
s
n
e
f
e
d
d
ult ra-reliab
n
a
ng
off-grid hunti
E
BY WILLIAM B
Heizer Defense
PS1 Pocket Shotgun
For those looking for simplicity in form
and function, Heizer Defense has the PS1
Pocket Shotgun. This is like a single-shot,
break-open .410 scattergun that you can
literally put in your pocket. It will not only
take 2.5-inch shotgun shells, but also
chambers .45 Colt cartridges. The grip
portion of the receiver is hollow so you can
store two extra .45 Colt cartridges inside.
With the many choices offered today in
.45 Colt/.410 ammunition, you can match
your load with the anticipated need, be it
defense, hunting or plinking. The PS1 is
all stainless steel and can be had in silver
or black finishes. Its operating latches are
recessed and snag-free, while the entire
gun is about the size of a smartphone.
(heizerdefense.com; 888-965-0972)
PE
CIFICATIONS
If your tastes
or needs are
better satisfied
with a single-action revolver, then theres the
compact Ruger New
Bearcat. This little sixgun
was introduced in 1958
with an alloy frame and was
replaced in 1971 by the Super
Bearcat with a steel frame. It
was dropped from production in 1975, but returned in
1993 as the New Bearcat,
with a transfer bar action and
a stainless or blued finish. The
barrel and cylinder mate well
with the frameall stainless or all
alloy steel (for blued models)and the
grip panels are made of hardwood. With
the New Bearcat, you get the flavor of
the Old West combined with modest
size/weight proportions. (ruger.com)
PECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS:
SPECIFICATIONS:
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .45 Colt/.410

Barrels: 3.5 inches
OA Length: 5.5 inches
Weight: 22 ounces (empty)
Grip: Rosewood
Sights: Fixed
Action: SA
Finish: Stainless
Capacity: 2
MSRP: $568
Caliber: .45 Colt/.410

Barrel: 3 inches
Grip: Stainless steel
Sights: Fixed
Action: SA
Finish: Stainless
Capacity: 1
MSRP: $399
Caliber: .22 LR
Barrel: 4.2 inches
OA Length: 9 inches
Grips: Hardwood
Sights: Front blade, rear notch
Action: SA
Finish: Blued or stainless
Capacity: 6
MSRP: $639-$689
Bond Arms
Snake Slayer
If your biggest fear is Mr. No Shoulders, you might want to select something like the Bond Arms Snake Slayer.
This over/under, two-shot derringer is
configured with 3.5-inch barrels, an
overall length of 5.5 inches and weighs
22 ounces empty. It is chambered for
the .45 Colt cartridge and will also take
.410 shotgun shells. With this gun, you
can even swap barrels in a number of
different lengths and calibers, adding
to its versatility. Crafted from stainless steel and fitted with extended
rosewood grips, it has a single-action
mechanism with a rebounding hammer,
retracting firing pins and a crossbolt
safety. Fixed sights add to the rugged
simplicity of the Snake Slayer. (877573-4445; bondarms.com)S
PECIFICATIONS
Ruger LCR
Ruger
New
Bearcat
Another small, lightweight

contender for the pack or
tackle box is the Ruger LCR.
This small-frame, double-action-only revolver can be had as an eight-shot .22 LR
or a six-shot .22 Magnum. This innovative
wheelgun melds a polymer fire control housing, including a friction-reducing cam system, with
an aluminum monolithic frame, which supports a
stainless steel barrel and cylinder. The cylinder is extensively
fluted to reduce weight and features a nitrided black finish.
The concealed-hammer design will come in handy for pocket
carry, though this revolver will take up little space no matter
what mode of carry is used. (ruger.com)PECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .22 LR, .22 WMR
Barrel: 1.87 inches
Weight: 14.9-16.6 ounces (empty)
Grip: Hogue Tamer Monogrip
Sights: Front ramp, rear notch
Action: DAO
Finish: Matte black
Capacity: 8 (.22 LR), 6 (.22 WMR)
MSRP: $579
Smith & Wesson

Model 60
Charter Arms
Pathfinder
The Charter Arms Pathfinder is a classic DA/SA revolver thats been around
for many years. I like the stainless steel
target version in .22 Magnum. With
its matte finish and rubber grips, it will
handle rain, snow, sleet or sweat. Even
with a 4.22-inch barrel, the overall
length is just 8.24 inches. As might
be expected, the target version has a
fully adjustable rear sight and a sloping
ramp front sight. Below the Pathfinders barrel, theres even a full-length
ejector rod shroud. (charterarms.
com; 203-922-1652)
If you are looking for something a little

more heavy duty caliber-wise than a
.22 LR, S&W offers the Model 60 with a
3-inch barrel and adjustable sights. This
compact DA/SA revolver weighs 24.5
ounces and chambers .357 Magnum and
.38 Special +P cartridges. This gives you a
choice of potent magnum or +P JHP ammo
for defense or milder .38 Special standardvelocity rounds for small game and
plinking. Then theres the CCI shotshell
with 100 grains of #9 shot for vipers and
varmints. This stainless steel handgun with
synthetic grips will stand up to the rigors
of the outdoors, but is still small and light
enough to not be burdensome. (smithwesson.com; 800-331-0852)
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .22 WMR
Barrel: 4.22 inches
Grips: Rubber
Sights: Front ramp,
adjustable rear
Action: DA/SA
Finish: Stainless
Capacity: 6
MSRP: $409
Taurus Model
605 PLY
Offering light weight, more power
and less burden on the belt is the
Taurus Model 605 PLY. This DA/
SA revolver has a 2-inch barrel, a
lightweight polymer frame and a
stainless steel cylinder and barrel,
giving it a weight of only 19.75
ounces and an overall length of 6.7
inches. Its construction makes it
virtually weatherproof, and control in
rapid fire is aided by its hand-filling
Ribber grips. It also sports a fiberoptic front sight that mates up with a
fixed rear sight for rugged dependability. Chambered for the .357 Magnum, it also takes .38 Special
+P ammunition and can be used for
sport, defense or plinking.
(taurususa.com;
800-327-3776)
SPECIFICATIONS:
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .38 Special/
.357 Magnum
Barrel: 3 inches
Weight: 24.5 ounces (empty)
Grips: Synthetic
Sights: Fiber-optic front,
adjustable rear
Action: DA/SA
Finish: Stainless
Capacity: 5
MSRP: $759
Caliber: 38 Special +P/

.357 Magnum
Barrel: 2 inches
Weight: 19.75 ounces (empty)
Grip: Ribber
adjustable rear
Action: DA/SA
Finish: Matte black or matte
stainless cylinder
Capacity: 5
MSRP: $356-$371
NAA Black Widow

The smallest handgun youll find for your kit
will likely come from North American Arms (NAA). For
versatility, the version I chose has a 2-inch barrel with three-dot sights that
include an adjustable Marble rear. Its also a conversion model, so it comes
with both .22 LR and .22 Magnum cylinders, which each hold five cartridges.
To load the revolver, the cylinder must be removed, and one advantage of the
Black Widow is its pull-down cylinder pin latch. This rugged little gun is made
of stainless steel and has oversized rubber grips. For outdoor carry, Id use the
.22 Magnum cylinder for more useful cartridge power and reserve the .22 LR
cylinder for practice and plinking. You can also get a laser sight that replaces
the cylinder pin latch. (northamericanarms.com; 800-821-5783)
SPECIFICATIONS:
Calibur: .22 LR/.22 WMR
Barrel: 2 inches
Weight: 8.9 ounces
Grip: Rubber
Sights: Front ramp,
adjustable rear
Action: SA
Finish: Stainless
Capacity: 5
MSRP: $312
BACKWOODS
Taurus Model 992 Tracker

One of the most versatile handguns Ive seen for trail
or tackle box use is the Taurus Model 992 Tracker in
.22 LR. What is so different about this revolver is the
unique conversion system that allows it to also shoot
.22 Magnum ammo. It has a quick-release cylinder
system that allows you to swap the .22 LR for a .22
Magnum cylinder in just seconds. The downside is
this is not the most compact or lightweight revolver,
but in return it has a nine-round capacity and a fully
adjustable rear sight. Its also constructed of stainless
steel and has a recoil-absorbing Ribber grip that will
help it stand up to extreme environmental conditions.
(taurususa.com; 800-327-3776)
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .22 LR/.22 WMR
Barrel: 4 or 6.5 inches
OA Length:
11.4 inches
Weight: 24 or 26
ounces (empty)
Grip: Ribber
Sights: Front blade, adjustable rear
Action: DA/SA
Finish: Stainless,
matte black
Capacity: 9
MSRP: $591-$627
Smith & Wesson

Model 317 Gun Kit
Over the years, S&Ws Kit Gun variations have
come and gone, and today the only S&W retaining the Kit Gun moniker is the Model 317. Still built on the
J-Frame, it has an empty weight of just 12.5 ounces due to its
aluminum alloy frame and cylinder. With a 3-inch barrel, its
overall length is just 7.19 inches, and it has a fully adjustable
rear sight paired with a green HiViz fiber-optic front sight. The
revolver has a matte silver finish and black synthetic grips.
Unlike its Model 34 predecessor, the Model 317 is not a sixshooter, but has a cylinder with eight charge holes for .22 LR
ammo. (smith-wesson.com; 800-331-0852)
SPECIFICATIONS:
Caliber: .22 LR
Barrel: 3 inches
OA Length:
7.19 inches
Weight: 12.5 ounces
(empty)
Grip: Synthetic
adjustable rear
Action: DA/SA
Finish: Matte silver
Capacity: 8
MSRP: $759
Next-Gen
BACKWOODS
SURVIVALISTS
Wildland Awareness and Educational Institute teaches
wilderness survival skills to college students.
ts hard to believe that some people

think steak comes from the grocery store
and camping out means sleeping on
your friends sofa. Some of us have only
felt concrete and carpet under our feet,
and some of us are also unaware of what
goes on outside of cities and suburbs.
Not only is it important to know that
these places exist, but we need to know
how to take care of ourselves when were
traveling through them. The Wildland
Awareness and Educational Institute
(WAEI) intends to teach college-aged
students a love for the outdoors, what it is
like to be self-reliant and how to survive
out of ones element.
Some of us are so far removed from
nature that we tend to take it for granted
or even ignore it. In the event that Mother
Nature decides to relocate your home
via a tornado or a day hike into the
mountains turns bad without warning,
WAEI teaches the skills necessary to
live and survive in the wild.
Raising Survivors
The mission of WAEI is to spread awareness about the outdoors to future generations so they care about wildlife and nature
as much as they do about social media
and smartphones. To that end, WAEI has
gained accreditation through numerous
universities in Colorado like Colorado State
University and the University of Northern
Colorado. Students attending these universities can take WAEI courses and earn
college credits while learning how to pull
back a bow string or light a fire.
The transformation of some students
is remarkable, says Bret Roller, WAEIs

executive director. Once they are in
a supportive environment and taught
the right way to do things, they come
away with a respect and love for the outdoors, and a better understanding
of conservation.
A typical course entails one weekend
and three campus meetings (two meetings
prior to the weekend and one after the
weekend). With about 80 students attending each course, smaller working groups
of 10 to 12 are established to make sure
students get a truly hands-on experience.
Course instructors offer years of accumulated experience and a collective passion
for the outdoors. They volunteer for no
other reason than to teach what they love,
be it fly fishing, wildlife tracking, kayaking, archery and a slew of other outdoorrelated activities. Other course activities
include the proper use of a chainsaw,
shooting, survival skills and identifying
medicinal and edible plants.
One of the massive eye-opening
courses for students is the Field Cleaning course that gives students experience
handling food, said Roller. Students start
with a cage full of live rabbits and end up
with a cooler full of rabbit meat.
Roller explained that many times this
is the first time students have watched
an animal die and then be converted into
a food product. WAEI was apprehensive
about the backlash they might receive for
this class or its effect on students, but the
course activity has proven to be one of the
more popular and enlightening classes
among students.
On The Hunt
A little more than a century ago, hunting for food was a necessity. There were
no convenience stores or drive-through
windows. Our forefathers considered firearms as tools to put food on the table and
to protect the homestead from two- and
four-legged predators.
Firearms safety is one of the courses
taught, and to some students it may be the
first time theyve handled a gun, noted
Roller. It also illustrates one of the more
common student misconceptions. From
a young age, many students have had it
instilled in them that guns are bad and
evil. Roller remembered one student
who was deathly afraid to even be in same
room with a gun due to her parents own
beliefs about guns. At the trap range, she
proved to be a natural shooter and after
the WAEI course became a member of her
schools trap team.
On the other end of the spectrum are
students who sign up for a class without
even a basic understanding of the outdoor
world and how it functions, explained
Roller. Some students have never spent a
night other than in a bed, naturally causing
some to have fear of the woods and
especially at night. Anti-hunting sentiment
is rife with some students until they realize
that conservation efforts are funded by
hunter tax revenues and that hunters actually eat the animal theyve killed. It is not
just a photo op next to a dead animal but
a literal example of the circle of life. Many
students come away with a newfound
understanding of how hunting helps wildlife conservation.
Photos Courtesy WAEI
BY ROBERT A. SADOWSKI
1. WAEI courses help students work together to accomplish goals like pitching tents. 2. Cooking over an open fire means learning entirely different
culinary skills. 3. Lighting a fire is one of the essential survival skills taught in WAEI courses. 4. Kayaking in a controlled environment helps students build
confidence. 5. Shooting muzzle-loading rifles helps students understand how our forefathers hunted. 6. Building a makeshift lean-to can mean the
difference between life and death. 7. Students are instructed by teachers with years of experience. 8. Horsemanship is also part of the curriculum.
6
8
BACKWOODS
1. WAEI students learn how to read maps and use compasses in the event their GPS systems go offline. 2. Skinning rabbits for food is a profound
experience for many students. 3. Chainsaws are useful yet dangerous tools, so every WAEI student gets careful, hands-on training with these woodcutters. 4. In case any of these students have to bag game or protect themselves in the wild, WAEI teachers help students with all aspects of archery.
Backcountry Skills
Students who have taken the archery
course have gone from thinking the activity is nothing more than shooting sticks at
a bale of hay to understanding the skill and
physical power needed to make an arrow
fly true. The takeaway for many students
is that archery is just like any physical exercise they currently pursue like jogging or
weight training, but with the added benefit
of being able to hunt for food when the
bullets run out.
Fly fishing is another skill that always
leaves students wanting more time in the
outdoors. Understanding a hatch lure
means all the difference between catching
a cutthroat trout or not. From a sporting
perspective, that is why it is called fishing.
If you are in need of food, understanding
the hatch and the difference between a
nymph and dry fly means you eat that day.

Not only do students find fishing and the
related fly-tying activity fun, they learn
from experienced anglers who have a
deep passion for not only the fishing, but
also preserving the land and water.
Riding a horse or cooking over an open
fire are skills WEAI teaches that students
can apply on a camping trip with their
friends or in wake of a disasters aftermath.
Learning to start a fire is mandatory skill
everyone should know, just like learning to
swim. Many times, activities such as these
go hand in hand with conservation efforts.
Roller explained that some students may
not want to rush into hunting, but now understand the importance of, for example,
the elk population and their habitat. Many
students express a desire to help conservation efforts in other ways, like joining the
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Trout

Unlimited or by buying a fishing license or
hunting license.
WAEI does not expect all of its students to shed their urban environments to
homestead, but it aims to help them connect with a new love for the outdoors and
the outdoor lifestyle.
If you are in a bind and have a few
skills like the ones taught in these courses,
things will be easier for you to cope,
explained Roller. Without these skills, and
depending on the severity of the situation,
you may or may not survive. Being in the
outdoors can quickly turn into a dire situation. With some skills, you will be able to
fare much better, he added. Appreciating
the outdoors means serving the outdoors.
For more information, visit waei.org or call
303-589-4698.
...WAEI teaches the skills necessary

to live and survive in the wild.
BACKWOODS
T
I
DO
L
L
-A
S
K
C
A
P
SOGs quick-access packs
keep you stocked and mobile
in any environment.
urvival backpacks have

come a long way. What
began as a single,
zippered compartment with two basic
shoulder straps has now evolved
into a key piece of survival gear.
Now, SOG takes it one step further.
Combining high-quality construction
with extreme versatility, SOG has
introduced six new survival packs
that can meet nearly everyones
emergency needs.
Whether you call it a bug-out
bag, a supply sack or simply a hiking
tote, the backpack is essentially your
lifeline when a situation goes from
good to bad to worse. It holds key
components necessary to continue
on if lost in an unknown environment, and it allows you to survive the
first few days during the aftermath of
a life-changing natural disaster.

The key to utilizing your pack to
its utmost potential lies in planning
ahead for many known and unknown
survival situations that may occur.
First, you need to examine your specific needs. Do you have large items
that require a higher-capacity bag?
Do you need hydration sleeves? Do
you carry many smaller items that
require multiple compartments easily
accessible while on the move? And
finally, are you planning for longterm bugging out or just a short, recreational excursion? Once these and
other key questions are answered,
you can then make an educated
decision on the perfect SOG survival
pack for you, one that may very well
be a true lifesaver when a worstcase scenario comes true. (888405-6433; sogknives.com)
Photos Courtesy SOG
BY MICHAEL DANGONA
While SOG is known for

making heavy-duty knives
and multi-tools, the
company is now creating
tank-tough packs.
...the backpack is essentially

a situation goes
TOC 20
SCOUT 24
Good things do come in
smaller packages. The
24-liter Scout Survival
Pack takes full advantage of every cubic inch
of storage space using
multiple internal pockets, a padded sleeve for
small electronic devices,
a hydration carry pocket
and a MOLLE loop field,
allowing all your goods
to be stored properly until needed. Cinch bulky
gear on the exterior of
the pack using the bags
included side compression straps, its Hypalon
MOLLE field or its
unique wire long-item
carry attachment. The
Scouts innovative design allows a fully loaded
pack to be carried comfortably no matter how
long you have to travel.
The Scout leads the way
in maximizing usable
space. MSRP: $190.
Survival doesnt always

occur in the deep
woods. Everyday or
urban survival situations
can happen in an instant
when you least expect
them. Thankfully, the
TOC has your back! This
everyday-wear pack
can carry your books to
class while holding all
your necessary survival
gear. Its lightweight construction and padded
straps allow you to carry
it with ease throughout
your daily travels. The
TOC features a main
section with multiple
zippered compartments, two side-access
pockets, a molded
top, a quick-access
organization system
and a pass-through side
compartment that holds
your laptop or tablet.
Whether youre facing
a survival situation or
your daily commute, this
pack will work for you.
MSRP: $160.
seraphim 35
The Seraphim 35 offers an extra-large internal
storage space while providing external carrying
capabilities for oversized tools and weapons.
This 35-liter survival pack is perfect for hunters,
fishermen or anyone trekking though the wild
with large gear that wont fit cleanly inside the
pack. Its integrated shock cord tie-downs firmly
hold bulky items, such as bedrolls or compact
sleeping pouches, on the outside of the pack,
while its internal compartments keep all your
smaller goods organized and accessible when
needed. MSRP: $260.
your life line when

from good to bad to worse.
EVAC SLING 18
PROPHET 33
The EVAC Sling is your

grab-and-go sling bag. This
extremely lightweight pack
allows you to access all your
goods from the side without
removing the bag from your
shoulder. The EVACs main
and secondary compartments,
laptop sleeve and top pocket
organize your key survival or
everyday items while providing quick access when you
are on the run and pressed for
time. Its front pocket organizer
holds numerous smaller items
that would normally get lost
in other simple, one-pocket
packs. When maneuverability and quick deployment is
needed, this packs unique
design wont let you down.
MSRP: $140.
RANGER 12
Photos Courtesy SOG
Quick excursions in
the woods or hiking
along a popular trail
dont always require
an overloaded, bulky
pack. The 12-liter SOG
Ranger can tackle all
your storage needs
while providing comfort
and stability during your
brisk outdoor hike. Inside youll find plenty of
storage space, enough
to hold your essentials
along with a quick snack
when hunger strikes.
An integrated hydration carry ensures thirst
wont be a factor during
your trip, while exterior
compression straps or
its included Hypalon
MOLLE field keeps your
hands free from carrying
awkward or oversized
items. MSRP: $150.
Extreme versatility is
the backbone of the
33-liter SOG Prophet
survival bag. This highly
durable pack coverts
from backpack to duffle
bag in mere seconds.
Its quick-release shoulder straps and hip belt
virtually disappear when
stowed. Integrated lash
points on all sides of the
bag allow for carrying
long, wide or oversized
items. The innovative
compression flaps keep
the packs load close
to the wearer, reducing
fatigue and pain associated with long-term
full-pack hiking. The
Prophet 33s unique
Quad-Zip feature
allows you to reach
bottom-packed goods
without unloading the
entire bag from the top.
This bag is a true musthave when adaptability
on the go is required.
MSRP: $230.
Big Stock Photo
BACKWOODS
Bankline and paracord are an essential part

of any survivalists bug-out bag, but they
both have their strengths and weaknesses.
CRITICAL
CORDAGE
Add paracord
and bankline to
your must-have
survival cache!
ARTICLE & PHOTOS
BY JASON HUNT
One of the most important items within any survival kit is cordage. Having cordage with you will enable you
to complete with much greater ease the
myriad of tasks a survivalist may encounter,
such as lashing together a suitable shelter
structure or replacing a broken boot lace.
Not having enough cordage could potentially force you to rely on natural or trashbased resources, none of which could likely
be readily used for tying anything, but they
would require some sort of advanced skill
to process them into usable fibers so that

twine or rope could be created. That may
not be a skill you firmly grasp or perhaps
could not perform due to an injury.
Regardless, Im sure we can all agree
that cordage is a must-have item for our
survival kits. But what type is the best one
to carry? Lets examine the two primary
cordage types within the survival and
bushcraft realms: 550 parachute cord and
#36 Tarred Mariners Twine, also known as
bankline.
This entire
bush camp was
constructed using
only bankline
and includes
amenities like a
kitchen, a sofa
and a bunk bed.
CARRYING THE LOAD

Parachute cord is basically a kern mantle
rope that was used in the suspension
lines of parachutes. Because of paracords abundance among parachuting
soldiers, it made good sense for military
survival instructors to prepare troops to
use it in the field. When these soldiers
started sharing their survival knowledge
with others over the years, paracord usage was one of the skills they passed on.
Because of this, paracord usage gained
in popularity with civilian outdoorsmen
the world over and quickly became the
industry standard.
Not all paracord is created equal.
There are several classifications of
paracordI, IA, II, IIA, III, IVall of
which have varying degrees of strength
and core yarns. True mil-spec paracord is
classified as Type III, also known as 550
cord because of its 550-pound tensile
strength. All 550 cord has seven to nine
inner yarns, each of which are made up of
three smaller strands. A great deal of the
brightly colored and commercially available paracord used for crafting and other
products is actually Type II, which has a
400-pound tensile strength and includes
seven inner yarns, each of which are
made up of two or, at times, three smaller
strands. Either form is nothing to sneeze
at because both perform very well for a
variety of uses. Costwise, paracord will
run an average of $8 for 100 feet.
Bankline has long been used in the
fishing industry for creating nets and
harvesting a variety of marine life. It is
a nylon twine and has excellent knotholding ability. It is available tarred or
non-tarred and braided. It is UV resistant
and resistant to unraveling, and it also
comes in a variety of sizes ranging from a
size #9, which is closer in size to thread,

all the way up to a size #72, which is
about as thick as a pencil.
The standard size used for survival
purposes, #36 tarred bankline, was really
made popular by Dave Canterbury of The
Pathfinder School. Having a background
in the maritime industry, Canterbury
used bankline for fishing and other uses
for many years, and after extensive field
research, he concluded that bankline was
a better choice for survival and bushcraft
purposes over paracord. Typical #36
tarred bankline has a 340-pound tensile
strength, and for the money you get a lot
more bang for your buck with a whopping
504 feet per pound in comparison to
only an average of 210 feet of paracord
per pound. Bankline will typically cost

you an average of $15 per pound (thats
around 500 feet!).
TRAIL TIES
Of course, there are pros and cons to
each type of cordage. Paracord provides the ability to tie knots and lash
wood together to create things like a
tripod, which can be used for cooking,
water filters or shelters. It makes a good
ridgeline for a tarp, can be used to create
a ladder, can replace boot laces, be used
for traps and can be broken down to take
advantage of the inner strands for finer
needs, such as fishing line, thread for
clothing or gear repairs, and evenhold
your breathsutures. Bankline can also
perform all of these tasks, but it will do
these tasks better.
Paracord has a tendency to stretch
after a short period, which means knots
loosen over time. When used for making
survival traps such as a snare, once the
Bankline is clean and tight when lashing poles

together. It grips upon itself for a secure hold
while taking up less space than paracord.
Having cordage with you will enable you to

complete with much greater ease the myriad
of tasks a survivalist may encounter, such as
lashing together a suitable shelter...
paracord gets wet, from rain or even
a morning dew, it doesnt like to slide,
which means your much needed food
could get out of your snare. Paracord
also takes quite a while to dry (as in days)
while out in the field once it becomes
saturated with moisture.
Finally, paracords inner strands,

while handy when you have nothing
else, quickly become a pain to deal with
because they fray so easily and tangle
upon themselves so readily. Bankline,
however, does not stretch as much as
paracord, and it can serve well as an
improvised bow string for a survival bow.

Once tied, its knots tend to stay in place
due to the tar on the line, which gives it
a strong ability to hold. When used for
survival snares, it does a wonderful job
of sliding upon itself either wet or dry
because, again, the tar helps protect it.
This also gives it its resistance to sunlight
degradation and unraveling when broken
into finer fibers for tasks, such as sewing
repairs, hafting arrow heads and fishing.
While not as strong initially as paracord, bankline can quickly be twisted to
create a small-diameter rope about as
thick as paracord to provide you with
720 pounds of tensile strength. And, of
course, it makes an excellent net. Probably the biggest down side to bankline
is that it can be rough on your hands if
youre tying a lot of knots and it can stain
your skin a dingy color where you repeatedly handle the cordage, but that lasts
only a short time. And the only color it
comes in is black.
LIFESAVING COMBO
As a survival instructor, I tend to utilize
bankline more than paracord. I have
spent thousands of hours in the field, and
over the years I have found that bankline
is more reliable and easier to work with
for the majority of my survival needs
in the eastern woodlands. I started my
survival teaching career originally with
paracord, but after ample exposure to
Betting On Bankline
Bankline is really the ultimate go-to cordage for
survival purposes not only because it is rot resistant and because you can carry so much more of
it than paracord, but because of its knot-holding
abilities and ease of use. When I cut bankline, I
never have to worry about it coming apart on me,
whereas when I cut paracord, I need to go through
One pound of bankline is

the same size as three 25foot bundles of paracord.
the extra steps of getting out a lighter to burn

the ends closed, to protect the inner yarns from
unraveling and looking like a small birds nest.
FIRE-STARTER: When working on friction-fire
sets, bankline is superior to standard paracord
when using the bow-drill method. Not only does
bankline not stretch nearly as much as typical
paracord, but the tar on the
line helps grip the spindle.
Notice how the strands react
This provides greater ability
just after cutting. The paracord
for the spindle to keep up
requires heat or tape to protect
with the stroke of the bow.
the end while bankline does not.
When it comes to
ease of use and packability within my kit, bankline
again wins hands-down.
Because bankline comes
on a nice tarred roll, theres
no need to tie fancy knots
like daisy chains or donuts,
as you have to do with
paracord, to keep the cord-
Paracord will stretch when used on a bow

drill, as it has with this young survivalist.
age bundle from becoming a big nest of knots.

This is also helpful when packing because 1 pound
of bankline (nearly 500 feet) takes up about the
same amount of space as 75 feet of paracord.
bankline, I was an easy convert. I do still

use paracord, but only for decorative
purposes such as for colorful boot laces,
lanyards or guy lines on a tarp shelter,
and to aid me in identifying my personal
tools when theyre mistakenly set down
in the woods. A bright piece of blue or
toxic green paracord easily stands out in
a dark woody environment.
The combination of a paracord ridgeline with bankline tie outs on a lean-to
shelter works very well. Ive tried several
times to go back to paracord, but it just
doesnt make sense to do so considering
the costs factors (bankline is less expen-
Paracordmakes
a good ridgeline for
a tarp, can be used to
create a ladder, can
replace boot laces
and can be broken
down to take
advantage of the
inner strands
sive), pack/size ratio (theres a big size
difference between 100 feet of bankline
and paracord) and overall usage
(bankline does a better, neater job). And
honestly, how often do you really need
550 pounds of tensile strength? In the
rare event I did need that much tensile
strength, like if a strap on my hammock
broke, Id just quickly twist up a section
of bankline to get the job done.
My recommendation is to carry a 25foot section of brightly colored paracord
along with at least 1 pound of #36 tarred
bankline as part of your survival kit. You
can stash the 25 feet of paracord in the
center of the core of the bankline so that
it doesnt take up any additional space
in your pack and so that your cordage is
always together in the same spot. This
way you get the best of both worlds for
when you need to bug out.
take
shelter
11 bug-out-ready tents to safeguard
you against Mother Nature.
BY FRED MASTISON
n the event of a major disaster,

shelter should be a priority. While
many will focus on top-tier items like
food and water, shelter needs to be factored in as well. There is a high probability
that in a long-term disaster setting, you
may need to bug-out from your area. The
reasons range from substantial infrastructure damage to the danger of looters and
criminal activity. This is especially true for
those of us located in large cities. If you
have to hit the road, a solid tent can make
all the difference in the world.
There are many things to consider
when choosing a tent. The first thing you
need to factor in is how many people will
be with you. A general rule for long-term

comfort is the need for 25 square feet per
person. That may sound like a lot, but it
is only a 5-by-5-foot area. In a long-term
situation, having enough space can make
life a bit more bearable.
The next thing to consider is your location. Tent choices in northern Michigan
will be different from someone looking for
gear in San Diego. Make sure all of the
tents seams and zippers are treated to
be waterproof while still being breathable. The best way to choose a tent for
your climate is by using the worst-case
scenario rule. Ask yourself what the
worst weather will ever be for you there,
and use that to choose your gear.

Lastly, consider the assembly of
the tent. If you are a seasoned camper,
then multi-pole and line tents will be no
problem. If you are just now exploring
this realm, you may consider tents with
a simpler design. The challenge with
simple tents, however, is that they tend
to be built for one or two people. If you
need larger shelters, you should get some
training on tent assembly and practice in
your backyard. The situation is rarely accommodating, so being able to set your
tent up quickly is important. The following
are just a few of the tents that meet the
requirements for what it takes to survive.
BACKWOODS
see itn
in actio
> Coleman Longs Peak Fast Pitch

Setting up your home base is easy with the Coleman Longs
Peak Fast Pitch four-person dome tent. The Fast Pitch system
uses pre-attached, color-coded poles and hub, fast-fit feet
and snag-free Insta-Clip suspension to let you set up your tent
60-percent faster than a comparable Coleman tent with a
conventional setup. If it rains, the tent is 75-percent more water
resistant, and the WeatherTec system, with its patented welded
floors and inverted seams, also helps you stay dry. (coleman.
com; 800-835-3278)
> Big Agnes Fly Creek UL2

The Fly Creek UL2 tent is a solid, lightweight tent that
can stand up to a wide spectrum of weather. It is a
compact, double-walled, freestanding tent that comes
in under 2 pounds. This three-season tent features a
DAC Featherlite NFL pole system with press-fit connectors and lightweight hubs made with an eco-friendly
anodizing process. The floor and the fly are made from
an ultra-light, rip-stop nylon material. They both have a
waterproof polyurethane coating. The Fly Creek UL2s
mesh body offers excellent ventilation. (bigagnes.com;
877-554-8975)
> Black Diamond Skylight

A three-season tent built with a hybrid single/double-wall construction, the Black Diamond Skylight
offers ample room for two people and a very friendly
fit for three. The tents front third has a mesh inner
wall for excellent ventilation and a panoramic view.
The attached NanoShield canopy can be rolled
up in nice weather or rolled down for a spacious
vestibule and protection in adverse conditions.
The rear two-thirds is composed of a single wall of
NanoShield for breathability and water resistance.
The internal DAC Featherlite tent poles offer a high
strength-to-weight ratio and keep the tent quiet
in gusty conditions. For interior organization, the
Skylight also has four mesh pockets. (800-7755552; blackdiamondequipment.com)
> Hilleberg Staika

The Staika is all about simplicity, but simple does not
by any means equate to sparse. Easy to pitch, immensely stable, remarkably spacious and quite light,
the Staika is an excellent go-to tent for any use where
sturdy strength is the high priority. Originally designed for
paddle tourers who wanted a highly stable, freestanding
tent for handling tricky pitching conditions, the Staika
tent has garnered a large, loyal following for its simplicity
and completely freestanding construction as well as its
roominess, lightness, strength and stability. (866-8488368; hilleberg.com)
BACKWOODS
> Napier Sportz

Truck Tent 57 Series
If youre lucky enough to have bugged
out with your truck, consider an
elevated approach to tent living. The
Sportz Truck Tent 57 Series from
Napier includes eight models to fit
virtually every truck on the roador in
this case, off the road. Easy assembly in
the back of your open-bed pickup truck
creates a comfortable and restful sleeping area for two adults. The durable
tent comes with a full rainfly to keep
you dry through the stormy weather,
two side vents and two large windows
to encourage optimal ventilation and a
sewn-in floor to keep a barrier
between you and dirt and grime.
(napieroutdoors.com;
800-567-2434)
> BMSR Carbon Reflex 1

The MSR Carbon Reflex 1 is a lightweight, oneperson tent. Weighing in at under 3 pounds, it will fit
easily into any bug-out kit. Even though it is light, it
is still a double-wall design with a built-in vestibule.
Complete with durable carbon-fiber poles, the tent is
easy to set up regardless of the situation. This ultralight, three-season tent provides a strong balance
between weight and livable space. Its overall length
is over 7 feet. While not super spacious, it provides a
comfortable and non-cramped area to stay in. This is
a solid single-person tent to consider if you are going
solo. (gearshop.co.nz)
> Sea to Summit Specialist Shelter
Those wanting to keep their bug-out packs on the light side will appreciate the Specialist shelters. These shelters offer the interior space and
comfort of a tent with a lower overall weight and more compact size than
many bivis. They are the lightest fully enclosable shelters in their class.
Seam sealed throughout and available in either solo or duo configurations, the Specialists offer superior waterproof properties while also
maintaining impressive breathability to manage condensation effectively.
(seatosummit.com; 303-440-8977)
> Cabelas Instinct Outfitter

This tent offers the spacious livability of a wall tent along with the easy setup and lightweight durability of a dome tent. It features a high-rise frame and straight sidewalls to
create a living area that is 10 feet wide by 14 feet long, with an 84-inch center height.
And it weighs only 50 pounds. The Instinct Outfitter also includes a weatherproof
snow skirt, an oversized, D-shaped door and it has been wind-tunnel tested at
more than 50 mph. The strong, lightweight aluminum poles are backed up
by internal cyclone straps as well as external cyclone guy lines for extra
rigidity in windy conditions. (cabelas.com; 800-237-4444)
> NEMO Kunai

The NEMO Kunai is a lightweight, two-person tent
designed to be used during
all four seasons. While light in
weight, it is strong enough to
withstand snow and wind, unlike
most smaller tents. Though it
is designed for two people, it is
relatively spacious at 27 square feet. The tent is double walled
and weighs just over 4 pounds. The design of the tent allows for
easy maneuvering, as its walls are essentially vertical. NEMOs
double-wall, lightweight design make this a great choice for a
smaller tent. (nemoequipment.com; 800-997-9301)
Adventure Medical Kits

adventuremedicalkits.com
Airforce Airguns airforceairguns.com
Alien Gear Holsters aliengearholsters.com
American Gunsmithing Institute
americangunsmith.com
BattlBox battlbox.com
Big Foot Belts bigfootgunbelts.com
Bolt Lock Strattec Security boltlock.com
Brownells brownells.com
Echo Sigma echo-sigma.com
Eartheasy Sustainable eartheasy.com
Edgecraft edgecraft.com
Elite Survival elitesurvival.com
Ground EFX groundefx.com
> Blackpine
Sports Turbo Tent
Turbo Tents are the leaders in easy-setup tents. Requiring only 60 seconds
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Wilson Combat wilsoncombat.com
I Survived
BACKWOODS
10 True Survival Stories

COMPILED BY MICHAEL DANGONA, MATTHEW HOGAN & LAURA LANCASTER
SUBZERO
SURVIVOR
Last Line
Of Defense
phone as she listened to the

intruder slowly make his way
closer to her hideout. I could
hear him coming through the
living room to the bedroom,
and he kicked the bedroom
door in, she said. She prayed
that he wouldnt come any
closer. He kicked the bathroom door once, and I fired
the shot, she said.
Even though she had
fired straight through the
bathroom door, she missed
the home invader. If he was
coming in, I was going to
clear the magazine and protect myself, Miller said. But
one close call was enough for
this intruder, and, now that he
knew there was an armed and
trained woman prepared to
defend herself, he retreated
from the Millers home.
Jolene Mammen, of northwestern Minnesota, began

February 20 like every other
day. She had left her house
on the way to work around
6:00 a.m. when the unexpected happened. Her Ford
hatchback hit a patch of ice,
causing it to skid off the road
and land completely upside
down into a nearby ditch.
Suspended by her seat belt
in subzero temperatures,
Mammen lost consciousness
for two hours.
After the first roll, I
blacked out and dont remember much, Jolene told the
Star Tribune. When I came
to, I was very disoriented and
could not feel my toes. I was
shivering.
Jolene luckily was wearing a heavy winter coat that
shielded her temporarily from
the effects of hypothermia,
and it kept her cell phone
within arms reach. She
phoned her husband, but
due to her debilitated state,
he couldnt understand her
words. Thinking smart, even
under her extreme conditions,
she managed to text her husband, Jeremy, one key word,
helpp. Although misspelled,
she got her intended message
across. Jeremy immediately
alerted the local authorities to
begin a search for his wife.
Jeremy and the State
Jolene
Mammen lost
control of
her car in icy
conditions.
Patrol found
her unresponsive and nearly
hypothermic
about 5 miles from the couples home. Medics quickly
brought up her core temperature using an electric blanket.
It was a relief to see her in
the ditch, because I didnt
know if shed been abducted
at a gas station or what. I was
thinking all kinds of things,
Jeremy said.
Surviving the accident
with only a broken wrist,
Jolene was a very lucky person. One patrol officer commented that Jolene followed
all the rules that assisted in
keeping her alive long enough
for help to arrive. She wore
her seat belt, was prepared
for intensely cold weather and
had a charged cell phone with
her at the time.
Minnesota State Patrol Photo
I heard the alarm go off, and

I thought, Someone is breaking in, Pamela Miller said of
the moment when a seemingly average day turned into
a nightmarish ordeal. She
was in the middle of a home
invasion. But even though the
home security system had
been activated, there was no
way of knowing where the
intruder was on the property.
Miller immediately started
taking steps to protect herself. She called her husband,
Anthony, grabbed her gun
and locked herself in the
bathroom before the intruder
kicked in the front door.
Knowing that his wife was
in immediate danger, Anthony was in a race against time
to get to her. He had trained
Pamela to use a gun and
knew that she would be fighting to protect her life. But he
was worried that another call
would give away her location
to the intruder.
In fact, Miller was already
on the phone with emergency
responders, having called 911
as soon as she reached the
bathroom. She stayed on the
Despite having a
security system,
the intruder
easily made his
way inside.
Anthony Miller Photos
Womans CCW
training helps
her repel
deadly home
invader.
Minnesota motorists preparedness

helps after wintry crash.
Ron Creavling was hard

at work at his home along
the Kalama River Road in
Washington State, building a
berm to protect his property
from a local creek that was
threatening to flood, when
the unthinkable happened
a tidal wave of mud came
crashing down a nearby
ravine straight toward him.
Creavling, who had his
back to the road at the time,
could only hear the mudslide
as it approached. You know
what its like to hear cement
being poured? he recalled
to The Daily News Online. It
sounded like that, only about
1,000 times
Ron Creavling survived
louder. But
getting swept into his
the mudslide
garage by a mudslide.
was not only
Fighting panic, he slowly
loud, but it
began to work his arms free,
was also lightning quick, and
displacing the mud from
with no time to run, Creavling
around his head so that he
was soon swept away in the
could gasp for air. With visflash mudslide.
ibility restored, he saw that
When the slide finally
the mud had carried him
stopped, Creavling knew he
inside of his own garage,
was in bad shape. I didnt
trapping him under a Toyota
know if I was up, down, sideCamry and a metal-working
ways. It was lights out. He
lathe. There was no way
could move his legs, but his
out. It didnt do any good to
neck and torso were trapped
struggle. The most imporin the mud. My first reaction
tant thing was to think and
was to catch a breath. But I
not get too concerned. I had
sucked in water and mud.
Great Falls Tribune Photo
Washington man
outlasts fast-moving
mudslide.
Bill Wagner Photo/The Daily News
BURIED
ALIVE
air. After I could breathe and

spit out the mud, I was OK,
he told The Daily News
Online after the incident.
He began to holler for
help, hoping to attract attention. After an hour and a
half, his quick thinking and
persistent efforts paid off
when local deputies heard
him. After extracting Creavling with the help of a local
road crew, they took him to
a local hospital to be treated
for minor injuries.
Mid-Air Emergency
Friends escape burning wreckage moments after planes takeoff.
arm caught fire as well,

according to multiple
reports, but he was still
able to kick through
the windshield, as the
lone door to the plane
was pinned shut.
Able to escape
through the broken
windshield, Cross
had to turn back for
Gagnon, who couldnt
get the belt release
on his seat to work.
Quick thinking allowed
Cross eventually got
two friends to escape the
his friend free and the
burning wreckage of a plane.
two exited the plane
together. EMTs from North Hampton
fractured neck, while Cross suffered
Fire and Rescue got to the scene almost
burns over more than 10 percent of his
immediately and helped transport Cross
body. After some time in the hospital,
and Gagnon to the Portsmouth Regional
both men walked out with their lives.
Hospital for their injuries.
Keeping a level head and proper training
According to multiple reports, Gagnon
can be credited with their surviving
suffered 18 broken bones, including a
a plane crash.
North Hampton Police Photo
Even in the most dire of situations, keeping calm and using your wits can be
the difference between life and death.
Last summer, Roger Cross and Richard
Gagnon were taking off from New Hampshires Hampton Airfield in a Piper Cherokee when the plane began to shake.
The Federal Aviation Administration
said the problem was caused due to a
shift in wind, which affected the planes
lift. Gagnon, who was piloting the plane,
knew they were going down.
At 250 to 300 feet, theres nothing
you can do, so the one thing I did learn in
flight training was if youre in a ditching or
crashing situation, try to keep the nose of
the plane up, Gagnon told WMUR 9 News
in New Hampshire. The plane crashed
into the woods at approximately 65 mph
and quickly caught fire.
Ive always been taught in emergency
situations to discard the bad and focus
on what is good, which wasnt a whole lot
at that point, Cross told WMUR 9. Cross
BACKWOODS
SWEPT AWAY
CBS Evening News
Boy Scout training helps man

escape raging flood waters.
Kerry Packer
held onto a tree
branch for five
hours to escape
a raging flood.
When KVUE
News answered
a phone call
from Kerry
Packer during a
series of violent
rainstorms in
southeast Texas,
they thought
they were talking to someone
who had already escaped
the dangerous
floods sweeping the region.
They had no idea that,
moments earlier, Packer
had narrowly escaped being
swept away by the storm by
grabbing a sturdy branch

and climbing to safety.
Kerry, youre still in the
tree? asked the amazed
anchorman.
Yeah, Mr. Packer
answered calmly, Im about
20 feet up in a tree
It would take five hours
for Packer to be rescued after an ill-fated, early morning turn down the wrong
street. When he reached
the bridge that crossed the
Guadalupe River, there was
no sign of immediate danger, no indication that the
water level could reach high
enough to flood the road.
But the Guadalupe was
out of control after days of
intense rain, and as Packer
crossed, it overflowed its
banks, trapping him in his
car. Packer quickly called
911, and then watched
as the river picked up his

car and started to carry it
downstream.
After about a half mile,
Packer caught sight of a tree
branch within reach. His
mind racing, Packer started
to recall everything he had
been taught in Boy Scouts.
We learned how to
swim when we had full
clothing on. So the first
thing I did was take off
my boots, he said. Taking
a gamble, he reached up
out of his car window and
grabbed the branch. Soon
after, he watched from the
safety of the tree as his car
was submerged by the flood.
Packer credited his survival with cool thinking and
the training the Boy Scouts
gave him. I knew exactly
what I needed to do when I
got in that tree.
GRIZZLY
AMBUSH
When it comes to mountain climbing, Greg
Boswell and Nick Bullock are experts. Now,
when it comes to surviving a bear attack,
Boswell and Bullock can say the same. The
duo was scaling Mount Wilson in the Canadian Rockies when a somewhat routine
climb was interrupted by an unexpected
guest: a massive grizzly bear.
While tracking a climb in complete
darkness, Bullock had walked ahead of
Boswell
Photo to the edge of the forest, at the
iStock
highest level of Mount Wilson. The next
thing Bullock heard was Boswell sprinting
past him while yelling, Bear!
The bear ran past Bullock and stopped
for a moment, considering which climber it
would attack. Up ahead, Boswell had fallen
and the bear made its choice. As Bullock
ran uphill, Boswell had the bears jaws
clamp down on his boot.
According to Bullocks blog, after the
initial bite, the bear lunged once more
and crunched into [Boswells] shin, placing
a paw on his other leg before lifting him off
the ground.
Greg Boswell and
Nick Bullock had to
Im not
evade a grizzly for
sure at this
several hours.
point what
other people
would do, but
Boswell is Boswell and the bear just didnt
appreciate this. He grabbed the bears
mouth and pried apart the jaws, pushing
and screaming, Nick, Nick, help, its got
me, Bullock wrote in his blog.
After escaping from the grizzly, the
two followed their tracks into the woods.
However, after a short time, they realized
the tracks were from the grizzly and that
they were lost. The darkness of the forest
concealed potential cliffs and, of course,
the grizzly bear, which was on the same
level as the two climbers. Bullock and
Boswell took the time to devise a plan of
action. The duo retraced their path and
found where they had gone wrong, which
led them to their gear and a chance to
survive deep in the backwoods.
Shu tter sto ck Pho to
Two climbers fight for their lives

against an angry grizzly bear.
Eventually, the duo rappelled down

four different sections of the mountain
until they reached the road. Bullock drove
his injured friend to the hospital where he
was stitched up.
I was in shock after the incident and
didnt know what to do. Nick got me out of
there and drove me to the hospital, Boswell wrote on Facebook. It wasnt a oneman mission to stay alive like the media is
portraying, it was a friend doing as much
as he could in a crazy situation to keep his
friend from dying! I probably would have
died of hypothermia or blood loss if he
hadnt kept me going. My stupid idea was
to climb a tree and wait until daylight.
LOST IN
THE WILD
Stranded
For 48 Hours
Family-taught survival skills

help 10-year-old boy escape
Utahs wilderness.
Getting trapped in your car in a snowstorm is a dangerous

situation. But getting trapped in your car deep in the backwoods, in heavy snow, far from cell phone reception can be
downright deadly. That was the situation Wayne Cateron
found himself in while looking for a Christmas tree to take
back to his family.
Caterons truck slid off the road and into a drainage
ditch. He spent hours working to dig it out, but to no avail.
He had no cell phone service when trying to call for help, but
the good news was that hed told his family where he was
going. He hoped that help would find him, but would it be
soon enough?
Hoping to speed up a potential rescue effort, Cateron
fired six of his nine shotgun rounds into the air. Thinking of
his survival, Cateron saved the last three, just in case he ran
into danger. With nightfall approaching, Cateron decided
that his best chance of survival for now was to spend the
night in his truck.
When no help had arrived by the next morning, he knew
it was time to find a better place to wait for rescue. Leaving
a note on his truck window for the coming search parties,
Cateron walked about 3 miles in search of help. I didnt go
cross country, he told KRCR News, I stayed on the road.
The first dwelling he ran across was an abandoned cabin, but Cateron quickly realized it was already occupieda
hibernating bear was sound asleep inside. He moved on,
and by late in the evening had found a second cabin, this
one thankfully empty and equipped with both a bed and a
wood stove for warmth.
When asked if he was ever afraid for his life, he was unequivocal: Never. Cateron knew that his knowledge of the
terrain, coupled with a lifetime spent in the outdoors, would
keep him alive until help finally arrived.
Photo Courtesy Bradley Family
Cateron stayed in his

truck until he was
able to look for a
warmer shelter.
K R C R Ph ot
o
Butte Search & Rescue Photo
California outdoorsman
survives winter roadside
stranding.
Malachi Bradleys
survival skills helped
him outlast 30 hours
in the wild.
Being lost in an engulfing
wilderness can be a scary situation for anyone. Now imagine
youre just 10 years old. But that
scenario didnt seem to faze
Malachi Bradley in the slightest. Bradley was on a hiking trip
with his family in the High Uintas
Wilderness in Utah when he
was separated from his group.
He had gone to forage for wild
mushrooms when he realized he
had wandered too far.
While the area is known
for its spectacular views, its
remoteness and dense foliage presented an immediate
problem with finding Bradley.
But it wasnt a problem for
the 10-year-old thanks to the
survival skills his father, Danny
Bradley, had taught him. After
failing to find his way back to
camp, Malachi found fresh water to drink. He even managed to
fashion a spear from a stick for
fishing to sustain himself while
he was lost.
While a search-and-rescue
effort was underway, Malachi
realized he had to hunker down

for the night, so he created a
makeshift shelter in between
two rocks so he could stay
warm. The next day, Malachi
heard helicopters overhead, so
he vacated the heavily wooded
area he was in and found a
clearing, where he was eventually spotted. Approximately 30
hours after losing his group,
Malachi was found in good
shape, according to authorities,
and reunited with his family.
Malachi told his mother,
Molly Chrisman, that he wasnt
too worried, either. Despite
my best efforts to stay positive,
I could not stop picturing my
freezing, frightened little guy
alone in the woods, she said.
Come to find out, according to
him, he was not scared, not too
cold and slept about five hours.
It was weird not having
anybody with me, but I just kept
going. I knew I had to make it
back, or my family would be
really sad, Malachi told USA
Today after the incident.
BACKWOODS
iStock Photos
TEST
DRIVE
TERROR
Quick thinking helps car
salesman survive violent carjacking.

For Jose Martinez, it was just
another day at the car dealership where he worked in
southwest Texas when things
took a turn for the worse.
A new client walked in at
around 6:00 p.m. and asked
to take a Dodge Challenger
out for a test spin.
I knew that guy was a
little sketch when I first met
him. He kept on talking weird
and I thought lets just go on
a quick test drive and come
back, Martinez later told the
Huffington Post.
It didnt take long for those
suspicions to be confirmed.
Minutes into the test drive,
Martinez realized they were
being tailed by another car.
But it was too late to change
course. The would-be client
and the car tailing them
pulled over at the same time.
Martinez was quickly overpowered and locked into the
trunk of the Challenger.
Once in the trunk, Martinez didnt waste any time.
He pulled out his cell phone,
called 911 and activated the
Find My iPhone app. Martinez
also saw that the Challenger
had a release mechanism

on the inside of the trunk.
When the car slowed down
sufficiently, he made a move
to escape, but not without
attracting the notice of the
would-be carjackers.
The other guy got out
of the car. I started fighting
him. He dropped his gun. He
was trying to pull it out. I just
picked up and shot at him and
I think I hit him right [in the
shoulder], Martinez said.
The assailants jumped
back in the car and raced
away. But the phone was still
Martinez was abducted along

with a Dodge Challenger by
some ruthless carjackers.
in the trunk, and the police

used the Find My iPhone app
to chase down the carjackers,
who crashed the Challenger
and escaped on foot.
Martinez was found by police on the highway and taken
to the hospital, where he was
treated for a broken nose, a
cut lip and several bruises.
Lesson learned: Try to always
have a charged phone on you
at all times. You never know
when it will save your life.
Ambushed woman
fends off attacker
with flashlight.
Lisa, a licensed practical nurse in Everett, Washington, was about to begin her
5:00 a.m. shift at the hospital when her
worst nightmare came true. Walking from
her car to the hospital door, she caught
sight of a man charging straight toward
her. He forcibly grabbed her shirt and
the pocketbook that was slung over her
arm. The idea that this attacker wanted
her money quickly disappeared from her
mind as the purse dropped to the ground
and the man continued pulling Lisa towards the rear of the parking lot and into
the nearby woods.
Luckily, Lisa was prepared. Prior to
that frightening day, Lisas husband gave
her a handheld, heavy-duty flashlight
A powerful flashlight
can also serve as a blunt
instrument for fending
off a deadly attack.
for a life-and-death emergency such as

this. Although reluctant at first to carry
such a heavy weapon, her mind quickly
changed as she went on the offensive.
With her attacker still trying to overpower her, she hit him squarely on the side of
the head with the heavyweight flashlight.
The blow stopped her attacker dead in
his tracks. As he fell to one knee, Lisa
turned on the bright flashlight and began
to run to the hospital door.
A janitor witnessed the erratic light

show outside and met Lisa at the door,
then called the police. The police arrived
quickly thereafter and found the attacker
still dazed and bleeding steadily from a
large gash just above his right ear, one
that would take over 40 stitches to
close. It was later discovered that Lisas
attacker was wanted for possible rape
and sexual assault on a number of other
young women.
HAVE YOU SURVIVED? Tell us your story. Survivors Edge pays $100 for every story
that we print. Send yours to Survivors Edge, 1115 Broadway, New York, NY 10010, or
email realworldsurvivor@harris-pub.com. Please include your full name, address, email
and phone number (including area code). A signed release is required prior to publication.
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