The Book of the Twelve

Minor Prophets Timeline & Key Points

Date
810-795

Book
author-audience
Joel
God is Yahweh
to Judah

Theme

Breakdown

Key Verses

Day of the Lord

1: Locusts- past
2: Locust/armies
2:12-32: promise of redemption
3: Eschatological/armies
1-2: 1st commission of Jonah
1: God raises up a storm (Jonah &
storm)
2: God raises up a fish (Jonah & fish)
3-4: 2nd commission of Jonah
3: God relents of His judgment (Jonah &
city)
4: God raises up a plant & worm (Jonah
& Lord)
*GOD is the main character, NOT Jonah.

2:13
2:28-32 (Acts)
3:10 (Micah 4:3)

1-2: 8 Burdens
3-6: 3 Sermons
7-9: 5 Visions
7:10-17: historical interlude
9:11-15: Epilogue (final promise)

3:7
5:21-24
7:14-15
8:11-12

1-3: Storyline- tragedy in Hoseas home

4-14: Message- tragedy in Hoseas
homeland
4-7: polluted
8-10: punished
11-14: pardoned
1-5: Judgment & Salvation, 1
1-3: Israel & Judahs apostasy
4-5: Gods word of hope to Israel

1:10-11, 2:16,
6:6,
9:10 (2 Cor 3:18)

760

Jonah
A Dove
to Ninevah

760-746

Amos
A Burden
from Judah, to
Israels kings

746-724

Hosea
Salvation
to Israel, also
Judah

*Gods desire for all nations to

know & worship Him.
*Judgment for unrepentant,
mercy for repentant
*Jonah= worst missionary
-preaches judgment not
repentance
-has no heart for Gods mission
-never truly repents
**40 yrs later, Assyria destroys
Israel
*denounce social sins
*denounce external religious
actions
*denounce life of ease &
prosperity & security
*Israels election for a purpose
**Israel @ peak of prosperity
*Your sin is spiritual adultery
*Yet there is hope for future
salvation

735-690

Micah
Who Is Like the
Lord?

*breaking of covenant, social

injustice, idolatry, judgment
*hope

4:11

4:1-5 (Joel 3:10)

5:2
7:18-20

Date

Book
author-audience
to Judahs kings

Theme

Breakdown

Key Verses

*Messiah, Davidic Covenant (5:215)

6-7: Judgment & Salvation, 2

6:1-8: Gods disrepute with Israel
6:9-16: Israels social sins
7:1-7: Micahs displeasure with Israel
7:8-20: Psalms of hope & praise
Judgment on Assyria

1:3, 1:7, 3:19

663-654

Nahum
Comfort
to Assyria

640-630

Zephaniah
the Lord Hides
to Judah

608-598

Habakkuk
One Who
Embraces
to Judah; just
before Babylonian
invasion

*Judgment for Judah through

Babylon
*Habakkuk learns to trust Gods
wisdom, love, & sovereignty
*before Babylonian invasion,
during Jehoiachins reign

after 586

Obadiah
Servant of
Yahweh
to Edom, after
Neb. plunders
Jerusalem
Haggai
Festal One
to returnees,
during 1st return to

*Judgment of Yahweh on Edom,

because they stood aloof when
Israel their brother was in need

520

Judgment on Assyria
760: Jonah & Ninevah
722: Assyria destroys N.
Kingdom
701: Sennacherib sieges
Jerusalem, but God delivers
Hezekiah
*Day of the Lord, judgment
*eleventh hour prophet to Judah,
during reign of Josiah
(contemporary with Jeremiahs
early ministry)

*Get up & build, you slackers!

*Contemp. Of Zerubbabel, Ezra,
during 1st return to Jerusalem

1:1-2:3: Day of the Lord, judgment on

Judah
2:4-15: Judgment on nations
3:9-13: Restoration of Jerusalem & nations
3:14-20: Rejoicing in the Lords salvation

1:7, 2:7, 3:17,

3:20

1: the Burden
1:2-11: Gods silence
1:12-2:1: Gods sovereignty
2: the Vision
-Habakkuk understands, God triumphs
3: the Prayer
-Habakkuk glories in assurance
1-16: destruction of Edom
1-9: certainty of it
10-16: reason for it
17-21: deliverance of Israel
17-18: promise of it
19-21: fullness of it
1: ActionRebuild!
2:1-9: EncouragementFuture glory
2:10-19: Blessing
2:20-23: Restoration of Kingdom

2:2-4, 2:14, 2:20,

3:17-19

15

2:21-22
*1da=1000yrs to
God; Christ comes
550 yrs later

Date
520-480

450-430

Book
author-audience
Jerusalem
Zechariah
Yahweh
Remembers
to returnees

Malachi
My Messenger

Theme

Breakdown

Key Verses

*exhort exiles to turn from their

sins to the Lord
-the exiles are discouraged
because nothing happened
when they returned to
Jerusalem (Messiah, kingdom,
etc)
*comfort & encourage
-keep building temple
-Gods future plans for Judah
*Messiah= Priest + King
*Restoration of Israel through the
redeeming & delivering work of
the Messiah
-blends 1st & 2nd advent

1-8: Historicalbring returnees back to

God
1:1-6: a call for return to the Lord
1:7-6:8: 8 night visions
1:7-17: Man among myrtle trees (God
is jealous for His people)
1:18-21: 4 horns & 4 craftsmen (God
will judge those who scattered His
people)
2:1-13: Man with measuring line
3:1-10: clean garments for high priest
4:1-14: gold lampstand, 2 olive trees
5:1-4: flying scroll
5:5-11: Woman in a basket (God will
remove the sins of His people)
6:1-15: 4 chariots
7:1-8:23: observance of feasts
9-14: Eschatologicalturn mindset to
Gods future plan for Judah
9:1-14:21: Coming of the Messiah
9:1-17: God goes to war against
Judahs enemies
10:1-11:3: God is the source of
blessing
11:4-17: Zechariah is the symbol of
the shepherd to come
12:1-13:6: Judahs deliverance &
future glory
13:7-14:21: purging of Gods people =
shepherds death
*deliverance, submission of all nations to
Yahweh, holiness
1:1-5: Gods heart for His people
1:6-2:9: Corruption of the priesthood

3:10
7:5, 9-10
8:13, 20-23
9:16
14:20-21
Messianic
prophecies:
9:9, 11:12-13,
12:10, 13:7,
14:1-5, 9

*Trust in the Messianic promises,

they will come!

1:11, 14
3:6

Date

Book
author-audience
to returnees

Theme

Breakdown

Key Verses

*Keep honoring & serving the

Lord!

2:10-16: Unfaithfulness- divorce,

intermarriage
2:17-3:5: Justice
3:6-12: Will you rob God?
3:13-4:3: God delivers the righteous,
judges the wicked
4:4-6: Obey & wait!

3:10
2:17, 3:13
4:5-6

**Speaks in a time when nothing

is happening, the people are
giving up hope

= Assyrian Age
= Babylonian Age
= Persian Age (post-exilic)