INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

E
IMO

SUB-COMMITTEE ON SHIP DESIGN AND

EQUIPMENT
48th session
Agenda item 6

DE 48/6
8 September 2004
Original: ENGLISH

ANCHORING, MOORING AND TOWING EQUIPMENT

Draft MSC circular on Requirements concerning mooring and anchoring
Note by the Secretariat
SUMMARY
Executive summary:

Following the instructions of DE 47, this document contains the text

of a draft MSC circular on Requirements concerning mooring and
anchoring, prepared by the Secretariat.

Action to be taken:

Paragraph 3

Related documents:

DE 47/WP.10 and DE 47/25, section 8

1
DE 47, having considered the part of the report of the Drafting Group on IACS Unified
Interpretations dealing with the agenda item Anchoring, mooring and towing equipment
(DE 47/WP.10), noted the progress made with the development of a draft MSC circular on
Shipboard fittings and supporting hull structures associated with towing and mooring on
conventional ships, and agreed to finalize the draft MSC circular at this session. The
Sub-Committee decided, in order that the provisions of IACS Unified Requirement A1 on
Mooring and Anchoring could also be included in the draft circular, to instruct the Secretariat to
prepare a document providing the text of the draft circular including the provisions of IACS
Unified Requirement A1 and A2 for consideration at this session.
2
Consequently, attached at annex is the text of a draft MSC circular, incorporating the
above referred IACS Unified Requirements A1 and A2.
Action requested of the Sub-Committee
3
The Sub-Committee is invited to consider the attached draft MSC circular and take action
as appropriate.
***

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6

ANNEX
DRAFT MSC CIRCULAR
REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING MOORING AND ANCHORING
1
The Maritime Safety Committee, [at its eightieth session (18 to 27 May 2005)], following
the recommendations made by the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Equipment, at its
forty-seventh and forty-eighth sessions, approved Requirements concerning mooring and
anchoring, consisting of annex 1 on Equipment and annex 2 on Shipboard fittings and supporting
hull structures associated with towing and mooring, as set out in the annex, with a view to
ensuring a uniform approach towards the application of the provisions of the relevant SOLAS
regulations.
2
Member Governments are invited to use the annexed Requirements when applying
relevant provisions, and to bring them to the attention of all parties concerned.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 2
REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING MOORING AND ANCHORING
ANNEX 1
EQUIPMENT
1

Design of the anchoring equipment

1.1
The anchoring equipment required herewith is intended for temporary mooring of a ship
within a harbour or sheltered area when the ship is awaiting berth, tide, etc.
1.2
The equipment is therefore not designed to hold a ship off fully exposed coasts in rough
weather or to stop a ship which is moving or drifting. In this condition the loads on the
anchoring equipment increase to such a degree that its components may be damaged or lost
owing to the high energy forces generated, particularly in large ships.
1.3
The anchoring equipment presently required herewith is designed to hold a ship in good
holding ground in conditions such as to avoid dragging of the anchor. In poor holding ground the
holding power of the anchors will be significantly reduced.
1.4
The Equipment Numeral (EN) formula for anchoring equipment required hereunder is
based on an assumed current speed of 2.5 m/s, wind speed of 25 m/s and a scope of chain cable
between 6 and 10, the scope being the ratio between length of chain paid out and water depth.
1.5
It is assumed that under normal circumstances a ship will use only one bow anchor and
chain cable at a time.
2

Equipment number and anchoring equipment table (for ships of unrestricted

service)

The equipment of anchors and chain cables should be as given in Table 1 and should be based on
an Equipment Number calculated as follows:
EN = 2/3 + 2.0hB + A
10
Where:
= moulded displacement, in tonnes, to the Summer Load Waterline
B = moulded breadth, in metres
h

= effective height, in metres, from the Summer Load Waterline to the top of the
uppermost house; for the lowest tier h is to be measured at centerline from the
upper deck or from a notional deck line where there is local discontinuity in the
upper deck.
h = a + hi

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 3
Where:
a = distance, in metres, from the Summer Load Waterline amidships to
the upper deck
hi = height, in metres, on the centerline of each tier of houses having a
breadth greater than B/4
A = area, in square metres, in profile view, of the hull, superstructures
and houses above the Summer Load Waterline which are within the
equipment length of the ship and also have a breadth greater than
B/4
NOTES
1

When calculating h, sheer and trim should be ignored, i.e. h is the sum of freeboard
amidships plus the height (at centerline) of each tier of houses having a breadth greater
than B/4.

If a house having a breadth greater than B/4 is above a house with a breadth of B/4 or
less, then the wide house should be included but the narrow house ignored.

Screens or bulwarks 1.5 m or more in height should be regarded as parts of houses when
determining h and A. The height of the hatch coamings and that of any deck cargo, such
as containers, may be disregarded when determining h and A. With regard to determining
A, when a bulwark is more than 1.5 m high, the area shown below as A2 should be
included in A.

The equipment length of the ships is the length between perpendiculars but should not
be less than 96% nor greater than 97% of the extreme length on the Summer Waterline
(measured from the forward end of the waterline).

The total length of chain given in Table 1 - column 4 - is to be divided in approximately

equal parts between the two bower anchors.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 4
Table 1 Anchoring equipment
Stockless bower
anchors
E.N.

*
No.

Stud link chain cable for

bower anchors
Minimum diameter

Mass
per
anchor

Total
length

Mild
steel

Special
quality

(kg)

(m)

Gr.1
(mm)

Gr.2
(mm)

Extra
special
quality
Gr.3
(mm)

205-240
240-280
280-320
320-360
360-400
400-450
450-500
500-550
550-600
600-660

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

660
780
900
1020
1140
1290
1440
1590
1740
1920

302.5
330
357.5
357.5
385
385
412,5
412.5
440
440

26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44

22
24
26
28
30
32
34
34
36
38

20.5
22
24
24
26
28
30
30
32
34

660-720
720-780
780-840
840-910
910-980
980-1060
1060-1140
1140-1220
1220-1300
1300-1390

2100
2280
2460
2640
2850
3060
3300
3540
3780
4050

440
467.5
467.5
467.5
495
495
495
522.5
522.5
522.5

46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64

40
42
44
46
48
50
50
52
54
56

36
36
38
40
42
44
46
46
48
50

1390-1480
1480-1570
1570-1670
1670-1790
1790-1930
1930-2080
2080-2230
2230-2380
2380-2530
2530-2700

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

4320
4590
4890
5250
5610
6000
6450
6900
7350
7800

550
550
550
577.5
577.5
577.5
605
605
605
632.5

66
68
70
73
76
78
81
84
87
90

58
60
62
64
66
68
70
73
76
78

50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68

2700-2870
2870-3040
3040-3210
3210-3400
3400-3600
3600-3800
3800-4000
4000-4200

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

8300
8700
9300
9900
10500
11100
11700
12300

632.5
632.5
660
660
660
687.5
687.5
687.5

92
95
97
100
102
105
107
111

81
84
84
87
90
92
95
97

70
73
76
78
78
81
84
87

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 5
Table 1 - continued
1

4200-4400
4400-4600

3
3

12900
13500

715
715

114
117

100
102

87
90

4600-4800
4800-5000
5000-5200
5200-5500
5500-5800
5800-6100
6100-6500
6500-6900
6900-7400
7400-7900

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

14100
14700
15400
16100
16900
17800
18800
20000
21500
23000

715
742.5
742.5
742.5
742.5
742.5
742.5
770
770
770

120
122
124
127
130
132

105
107
111
111
114
117
120
124
127
132

92
95
97
97
100
102
107
111
114
117

7900-8400
8400-8900
8900-9400
9400-10000
10000-10700
10700-11500
11500-12400
12400-13400
13400-14600
14600-16000

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

24500
26000
27500
29000
31000
33000
35500
38500
42000
46000

770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770

137
142
147
152

122
127
132
132
137
142
147
152
157
162

*See section 4.2

3

Anchoring equipment for special purpose ships (tugs and dredgers)

3.1

Equipment for tugs

3.1.1 For tugs of unrestricted service the equipment should be provided in compliance with the
present requirement.
3.1.2 However, for the determination of the Equipment Number, in the formula given in
section 2, the following may be substituted for the term 2.0 hB:
2.0 (aB + hibi)
Where:
a, B and hi are as defined in section 2,
bi is the breadth, in metres, of the widest superstructure or deckhouse of each tier having a
breadth greater than B/4.
3.1.3 For tugs of restricted service, the equipment should be provided at the discretion of each
individual classification society.
I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 6
3.2

Equipment for dredgers

3.2.1
For dredgers of unrestricted service having normal ship shape of the underwater part of
the hull, the anchoring equipment should be provided in accordance with the present
Requirement.
3.2.2
When calculating the Equipment Number, bucket ladders and gallows should not be
included. If, however, a dredger has an unusual design of the underwater part of the hull, each
classification society is free to modify the requirements for anchoring equipment.
3.3.3
As far as dredgers of limited service are concerned, the equipment should be provided at
the discretion of each individual classification society.
4

Anchors

4.1

Types of anchors

4.1.1

Ordinary anchors

4.1.1.1 Ordinary anchors of stockless type should be generally adopted and they should be of
appropriate design in compliance with the rules or practice of each individual classification
society.
4.1.1.2 The mass of the heads of stockless anchors, including pins and fittings, should not be
less than 60% of the total mass of the anchor.
4.1.1.3 The mass, per anchor, of the bower anchor given in Table 1 is required for anchors of
equal mass. The mass of an individual anchor may vary to 7% of the mass given in Table 1,
provided that the total mass of anchors is not less than that required for anchors of equal mass.
4.1.2

High holding power (HHP) anchors

4.1.2.1 A high holding power anchor should be suitable for ships use and should not require
prior adjustment or special placement on the sea bottom.
4.1.2.2 When special types of anchors designated high holding power anchor of proven
superior holding ability are used as bower anchors, the mass of each anchor may be 75% of the
mass required for ordinary stockless bower anchors as given in Table 1.
4.1.2.3 For approval and/or acceptance as a HHP anchor, satisfactory tests should be made on
various types of bottom, and the anchor should have a holding power of at least twice that of an
ordinary stockless anchor of the same weight. Full scale tests should be carried out at sea on
various types of bottom and should be applied to anchors the weights of which are, as far as
possible, representative of the full range of sizes proposed. For a definite group of the range, the
two anchors selected for testing (ordinary stockless anchors and HHP anchors) should be of
approximately the same weight, and should be tested in association with the size of chain cable
appropriate to this weight.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 7
4.1.2.4
The length of cable with each anchor should be such that the pull on the shank
remains practically horizontal. For this purpose a scope of 10 is considered normal but a scope
of not less than 6 may be accepted. Scope is defined as the ratio of length of cable to depth of
water.
4.1.2.5
Three tests should be taken for each anchor and nature of bed. The pull should be
measured by dynamometer. The stability of the anchor and ease of breaking out should be noted
where possible. Tests should normally be carried out from a tug but alternatively shore based
tests may be accepted.
4.1.2.6
Measurements of pull, based on the RPM/bollard pull curve of the tug, may be
accepted instead of dynamometer readings.
4.1.2.7
Tests in comparison with a previously approved HHP anchor may be accepted as a
basis for approval.
4.1.2.8
For approval and/or acceptance of high holding power anchors of the whole range of
weight, tests should be carried out on at least two sizes of anchors and the weight of the
maximum size to be approved could be accepted up to 10 times the weight of large size tested.
4.1.3

Super high holding power (SHHP) anchors

4.1.3.1

Definition

A super high holding power anchor is an anchor with a holding power of at least four times that
of an ordinary stockless anchor of the same mass. A super high holding power anchor is suitable
for restricted service ships use and does not require prior adjustment or special placement on the
sea bed.
4.1.3.2

Limitations to usage

The use of SHHP anchors is limited to restricted service ships as defined by the individual
classification society. The SHHP anchor mass should generally not exceed 1500 kg.
4.1.3.3

Application

The unified requirement for the design of SHHP anchors applies down to EN 205. For EN<205
the design criteria for SHHP anchors apply to the anchor mass given in IACS Recommendation
10* for ordinary stockless anchors, reduced as permitted in accordance with 1.1(b) of
Recommendation 10.
4.1.3.4

Anchor design

4.1.3.4.1

Anchor use

A super high holding power anchor should be suitable for ships in restricted service and should
not require prior adjustment or special placement on the sea bed.

Refer to IACS Recommendation No.10 Equipment.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 8
4.1.3.4.2

Anchor mass

When super high holding power anchors of the proven holding power given in 4.1.3.5 below are
used as bower anchors, the mass of each such anchor may be reduced to not less than 50% of the
mass required for ordinary stockless anchors as given in Table 1.
4.1.3.5

Anchor holding power

For approval and/or acceptance as an SHHP anchor, satisfactory full scale tests should be made,
confirming that the anchor has a holding power of at least four times that of an ordinary stockless
anchor or at least two times that of a previously approved HHP anchor of the same mass. The
tests should also verify that the anchor withstands the test without permanent deformation.
4.1.3.6

Anchor holding power tests

4.1.3.6.1 The full scale tests required by 4.1.3.5 are to be carried out at sea on three types of
bottom: normal; soft mud or silt, sand or gravel; and hard clay or similar compounded material.
The tests should be applied to anchors of a mass which, as far as possible, is representative of the
full range of sizes proposed.
4.1.3.6.2 For a definite group within the range, the two anchors selected for testing (ordinary
stockless and SHHP anchors) should be of approximately the same mass and should be tested in
association with the size of chain required for the anchor mass and anchor type. Where an
ordinary stockless anchor is not available, a previously approved HHP anchor may be used in its
place. The length of the cable with each anchor should be such that the pull on the shank remains
practically horizontal. For this purpose a scope of 10 is considered normal.
4.1.3.6.3 Three tests should be taken for each anchor and each type of bottom. The pull should
be measured by dynamometer. The stability of the anchor and ease of breaking out should be
noted where possible. Tests should be carried out from a tug but alternatively shore based tests
may be accepted. Measurements of pull, based on the RPM/bollard pull curve of the tug, may be
accepted as an alternative to dynamometer.
4.1.3.6.4 Tests in comparison with a previously approved SHHP anchor may also be accepted
as a basis for approval.
4.1.3.6.5 If approval is sought for a range of anchor sizes, then at least three anchor sizes
should be tested, indicative of the bottom, middle and top of the mass range.
4.1.3.6.6

The holding power test load should not exceed the proof load of the anchor.

4.2

Installation of anchors on board

4.2.1
Two of the three bower anchors under column 2 of Table 1 should be connected to
their cables and positioned on board ready for use while the third anchor is intended as a spare
bower anchor.
4.2.2
Installation of the spare bower anchor on board is not compulsorily required. Each
classification society is free to permit other arrangements at its discretion or not to require the
spare anchor as a condition of classification.
I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 9

4.3

Proof testing of anchors

4.3.1

Testing of ordinary anchors

4.3.1.1
The proof load as given in Table 2 should be applied on the arm or on the palm at a
spot which, measured from the extremity of the bill, is one-third of the distance between it and
the centre of the crown. In the case of stockless anchors, both arms are to be tested at the same
time, first on one side of the shank, then reversed and tested on the other.
4.3.1.2

Anchors of all sizes should be proof tested with the test loads stipulated in Table 2.

4.3.1.3
Before application of the proof test load, the anchors should be examined to ensure
that castings are reasonably free of surface imperfections of harmful nature. After proof load
testing the anchors should be examined for cracks and other defects. On completion of the proof
load tests, the anchors made in more than one piece should be examined for free rotation of their
heads over the complete angle. In every test, the difference between the gauge lengths (as shown
in the figures in 4.3.2) where one-tenth of the required load was applied first and where the load
has been reduced to one-tenth of the required load from the full load, may be permitted not to
exceed one percent (1%).
4.3.2

Testing of HHP anchors

The HHP anchor is to be proof tested with the load required by Table 2 for an anchor mass equal
to 1.33 times the actual mass of the HHP anchor. The proof loading procedure and examination
procedure for HHP anchors should comply with those for ordinary anchors (see 4.3.1.3).

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 10
Table 2 Proof load tests for anchors
Mass
of
anchor

Proof
test
load

Mass
of
anchor

Proof
test
load

Mass
of
anchor

Proof
test
load

Mass
of
anchor

Proof
test
load

kg

kN

kg

kN

kg

kN

kg

kN

650
700
750
800

140
149
158
166

1250
1300
1350
1400

239
247
255
262

5000
5100
5200
5300

661
669
677
685

12500
13000
13500
14000

1130
1160
1180
1210

850
900
950
1000

175
182
191
199

1450
1500
1600
1700

270
278
292
307

5400
5500
5600
5700

691
699
706
713

14500
15000
15500
16000

1230
1260
1270
1300

1050
1100
1150
1200

208
216
224
231

1800
1900
2000
2100

321
335
349
362

5800
5900
6000
6100

721
728
735
740

16500
17000
17500
18000

1330
1360
1390
1410

2200
2300
2400
2500

376
388
401
414

6200
6300
6400
6500

747
754
760
767

18500
19000
19500
20000

1440
1470
1490
1520

2600
2700
2800
2900

427
438
450
462

6600
6700
6800
6900

773
779
786
794

21000
22000
23000
24000

1570
1620
1670
1720

3000
3100
3200
3300

474
484
495
506

7000
7200
7400
7600

804
818
832
845

25000
26000
27000
28000

1770
1800
1850
1900

3400
3500
3600
3700

517
528
537
547

7800
8000
8200
8400

861
877
892
908

29000
30000
31000
32000

1940
1990
2030
2070

3800
3900
4000
4100

557
567
577
586

8600
8800
9000
9200

922
936
949
961

34000
36000
38000
40000

2160
2250
2330
2410

4200
4300
4400
4500

595
604
613
622

9400
9600
9800
10000

975
987
998
1010

42000
44000
46000
48000

2490
2570
2650
2730

4600
4700
4800
4900

631
638
645
653

10500
11000
11500
12000

1040
1070
1090
1110

I:\DE\48\6.doc

Proof loads for intermediate mass are to be determined by linear interpolation.

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 11

4.3.3

Testing of SHHP anchors

4.3.3.1

Anchor proof test

The SHHP anchor should be proof tested with the load required by Table 2 for an anchor mass
equal to 2 times the actual mass of the SHHP anchor. The proof loading procedure and
examination procedure for SHHP anchors should comply with those for ordinary anchors
(see 4.3.1.3).
4.3.3.2

Anchor inspections and additional tests

4.3.3.2.1 After the proof load test, all SHHP anchors should be surface inspected by the dye
penetrant method or by the magnetic particle method. All surfaces of cast steel anchors should
be surface inspected. The surface inspections should follow the Guidelines for non-destructive
examinations of hull and machinery steel forgings*. All cast steel anchors are to be examined by
ultrasonic testing in way of areas where feeder heads and risers have been removed and where
weld repairs have been carried out. The ultrasonic testing inspections should follow the
Guidelines for non-destructive examinations of hull and machinery steel forgings*. Welded steel
anchors should be inspected at the welds. At sections of high load or at suspect areas, the
classification society may impose volumetric non-destructive examination; e.g ultrasonic
inspection or radiographic inspection.
4.3.3.2.2 At the discretion of the classification society, additional tests of the anchor may be
required. These tests include the hammering test and the drop test, and are usually applied to cast
steel anchors.
4.4

Anchor material selection and toughness

4.4.1 All SHHP anchors should be manufactured from materials meeting the requirements of
the following IACS Unified Requirements (UR):
Welded steel anchors:

UR W11

Normal and higher strength hull

Structural steel

Refer to IACS Recommendation 68 - Guidelines for non-destructive examinations of hull and machinery steel
forgings.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 12
UR W17

Approval of consumables for welding

normal and higher strength hull structural
steel

Cast steel anchors:

UR W8

Hull and machinery steel castings

Anchor shackles:

UR W7
UR W8

Hull and machinery steel forgings

Hull and machinery steel castings

4.4.2 The base steel grades in welded SHHP anchors should be selected with respect to the
Material Grade Requirements for Class II of S6.1 in UR S-6 Use of steel grades for various hull
members. The welding consumables are to meet the toughness for the base steel grades in
accordance with UR W17 Approval of consumables for welding normal and higher strength hull
structural steel. The toughness of the anchor shackles for SHHP anchors should meet that for
Grade 3 anchor chain in accordance with UR W18 Anchor chain cables and accessories. The
toughness of steel castings for SHHP anchors should not be less than a Charpy V-notch energy
average of 27 J at 0 C.
4.5

Fabricated anchors

Fabricated anchors are to be manufactured in accordance with approved welding procedures

using approved welding consumables and carried out by qualified welders.
5

Chain cables for bower anchors

5.1

Anchor cable design

5.1.1 The chain cable should be as required by Table 1 for the calculated equipment number for
the ship. The anchor cable should be tested in accordance with Table 5 to the test loads
corresponding to those for the required chain cable.
5.1.2 Where the ship may anchor in areas where the current exceeds 2.5 m/s, the need to
provide a length of heavier chain cable locally between the anchor and the rest of the chain to
enhance anchor bedding may be required at the discretion of the classification society.
5.1.3 For certain restricted services the use of steel wire rope may be accepted in place of chain
cable at the discretion of the classification society.
5.2

Grades of chain cables

Bower anchors should be associated with stud link chain cables for one of the grades listed in
Table 3 below.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 13
Table 3 Grades of chain cables
Material

NOTE:

5.3

Grade

Range of UTS
(N/mm2)

Mild steel

300 to 490
(31 - 50 kg/mm2)

Special quality steel

490 to 690
(50 - 70 kg/mm2)

Extra special quality steel

> 690
(> 70 kg/mm2)

The designation Grade 1 may be replaced, at the discretion of each classification

society, by Grade 1a where UTS is greater than 300 but not exceeding 400 N/mm2
or by Grade 1b where UTS is greater than 400 but not exceeding 490 N/mm2.
Proof and breaking loads of stud link chain cables

5.3.1 The design and/or standard breaking loads BL and proof load PL (expressed in kN) of
stud link chain cables are given in Table 4, d being the chain diameter (mm).
Table 4 Proof and breaking loads of stud link chain cables
Grade

BL

BL1 = 9.80665 x 10-3 [d2(44 0.08 d)]

PL1 = 0.7 BL1

BL2 = 1.4 BL1

PL2 = BL1

BL3 = 2 BL1

PL3 = 1.4BL1

I:\DE\48\6.doc

PL

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 14
5.3.2 The test load values, rounded off from the loads in 5.3.1 above, to be used for testing and
acceptance of chain cables, are given in Table 5.
Table 5 Test load values for stud link chains
Grade 1
Chain
diameter
mm

Proof load
kN

Grade 2

Grade 3

Breaking
load
kN
3

Proof
load
kN
4

Breaking
load
kN
5

Proof
load
kN
6

Breaking
load
kN
7

20,5
22
24
26
28

123
140
167
194
225

175
200
237
278
321

175
200
237
278
321

244
280
332
389
449

244
280
332
389
449

349
401
476
556
642

30
32
34
36
38

257
291
328
366
406

368
417
468
523
581

368
417
468
523
581

514
583
655
732
812

514
583
655
732
812

735
833
937
1050
1160

40
42
44
46
48

448
492
583
585
635

640
703
769
837
908

640
703
769
837
908

896
981
1080
1170
1270

896
981
1080
1170
1270

1280
1400
1540
1680
1810

50
52
54
56
58

686
739
794
851
909

981
1060
1140
1220
1290

981
1060
1140
1220
1290

1370
1480
1590
1710
1810

1370
1480
1590
1710
1810

1960
2110
2270
2430
2600

60
62
64
66
68

969
1030
1100
1160
1230

1380
1470
1560
1660
1750

1380
1470
1560
1660
1750

1940
2060
2190
2310
2450

1940
2060
2190
2310
2450

2770
2940
3130
3300
3500

70
73
76
78
81

1290
1390
1500
1580
1690

1840
1990
2150
2260
2410

1840
1990
2150
2260
2410

2580
2790
3010
3160
3380

2580
2790
3010
3160
3380

3690
3990
4300
4500
4820

84
87
90
92
95

1800
1920
2050
2130
2260

2580
2750
2920
3040
3230

2580
2750
2920
3040
3230

3610
3850
4090
4260
4510

3610
3850
4090
4260
4510

5160
5500
5840
6080
6440

97
100
102
105
107

2340
2470
2560
2700
2790

3340
3530
3660
3850
3980

3340
3530
3660
3850
3980

4680
4940
5120
5390
5570

4680
4940
5120
5390
5570

6690
7060
7320
7700
7960

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 15
Table 5 continued

111
114
117
120
122

2970
3110
3260
3400
3500

4250
4440
4650
4850
5000

4250
4440
4650
4850
5000

5940
6230
6510
6810
7000

5940
6230
6510
6810
7000

8480
8890
9300
9720
9990

124
127
130
132
137

3600
3750
3900
4000
4260

5140
5350
5570
5720
6080

5140
5350
5570
5720
6080

7200
7490
7800
8000
8510

7200
7490
7800
8000
8510

10280
10710
11140
11420
12160

142
147
152
157
162

4520
4790
5050
5320
5590

6450
6840
7220
7600
7990

6450
6840
7220
7600
7990

9030
9560
10100
10640
11170

9030
9560
10100
10640
11170

12910
13660
14430
15200
15970

Permissible weardown of stud link chain cable for bower anchors

6.1
When a length of chain cable is so worn that the mean diameter of a link, at its most worn
part, is reduced by 12% or more from its required nominal diameter, it should be renewed.
6.2
The mean diameter is half the value of the sum of the minimum diameter found in one
cross-section of the link and of the diameter measured in a perpendicular direction in the same
cross-section.

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 16

ANNEX 2
SHIPBOARD FITTINGS AND SUPPORTING HULL STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED
WITH TOWING AND MOORING
1

Application

These Requirements apply to displacement ships but not to high-speed craft or offshore units.
2

Definitions

For the purpose of these Requirements:

2.1
Shipboard fittings means bollards and bitts, fairleads, stand rollers, chocks used for the
normal mooring of the ship and similar components used for the towing and emergency towing
of the ship. Other components such as capstans, winches, etc. are not covered by these
Requirements. Any weld, bolt or other fastening connecting the shipboard fitting to the
supporting structure is part of the shipboard fitting and subject to any industry standard
applicable to such fitting.
2.2
Supporting hull structures mean that part of the ship structure on/in which the shipboard
fitting is placed and which is directly submitted to the forces exerted on the shipboard fitting.
The supporting hull structure of capstans, winches, etc. used for the towing, emergency towing
and mooring operations mentioned above is also subject to these Requirements.
2.3
Industry standard means an international standard (ISO, etc.) or standards issued by
national associations such as DIN (Deutsches Institut fr Normung) or JMSA (Japan Marine
Standards Association), etc., which are recognized in the country where the ship is built, subject
to the approval of the Administration.
3

Towing

3.1

Strength

The strength of shipboard fittings used for normal or emergency towing operations at bow, sides
and stern and their supporting structures should comply with these Requirements.
3.2

Arrangement

Shipboard fittings for towing should be located on longitudinals, beams and/or girders which are
part of the deck construction so as to facilitate efficient distribution of the towing load. Other
equivalent arrangements may be accepted (for Panama chocks, etc.).
3.3

Load considerations

The design load to be used is the greater of sub-paragraphs .1 and .2 as specified below:

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 17

3.4

.1

twice the maximum breaking strength of the tow line anticipated to be used
throughout the service life of the ship should be applied; or

.2

twice the breaking strength of the tow line according to IACS Recommendation
No.10 Equipment for the ships corresponding Equipment Numeral (EN) should
be applied.

Shipboard fittings

The selection of shipboard fittings should be made by the shipyard in accordance with an
industry standard (e.g. ISO 3913 Shipbuilding Welded Steel Bollards) accepted by the
Administration. When the shipboard fitting is not selected from an accepted industry standard,
the design load used to assess its strength and its attachment to the ship should be in accordance
with 3.3 above.
3.5

Supporting hull structure

3.5.1

Arrangement

The arrangement of the reinforced members (carling) beneath shipboard fittings should consider
any variation of direction (laterally and vertically) of the towing forces (which should be not less
than the design load given in 3.3), acting through the arrangement of connection to the shipboard
fittings.
3.5.2

Acting point of towing force

The acting point of the towing force on shipboard fittings should be taken at the attachment point
of a towing line or at a change in its direction.
3.5.3

Allowable stresses

Allowable bending stress: 100% of the specified yield point for the material used; allowable
shearing stress: 60% of the specified yield point for the material used; no stress concentration
factors being taken into account.
3.6

Safe Working Load (SWL)

3.6.1

The SWL should not exceed one half of the design load as given in 3.3.

3.6.2 The SWL of each shipboard fitting should be marked (by weld bead or equivalent) on the
deck fittings used for towing.
3.6.3 The SWL with its intended use (for normal and/or emergency conditions) for each
shipboard fitting referred to in 3.6.2 above should be noted in the towing and mooring
arrangement plan or other information available on board for the guidance of the Master.
3.6.4 The above requirements on SWL apply for a single post basis (no more than one turn of
one cable).

I:\DE\48\6.doc

DE 48/6
ANNEX
Page 18
3.6.5 The arrangement plan mentioned in 3.6.3 should define the method of use and
characteristics of towing lines.
3.7

Emergency towing arrangements

Ships subject to SOLAS regulation II-1/3-4 should comply with that regulation and resolution
MSC.35(63) as may be amended.
4

Mooring

Application
Equipment that is used for both towing and mooring should be in accordance with section 3.
However, when equipment is only used for mooring, 3.1 through to 3.6 should be applied, with
the understanding that towing should read to mean mooring throughout.
__________

I:\DE\48\6.doc