EVIDENCE

Judge Jaime Fortunato A. Caringal

Administrative Matters
Basis for Evaluation:
Finals 40%
Midterms 30%
Recitation 20%
Attendance 10%

The class will be required to submit a digest of all the cases assigned, as a form of class
output. This will be taken into consideration as part of the recitation component of the final
grade.
Time permitting, there will also be a moot court activity. Details of the said activity will be
discussed in class.
The Professor, in his discretion, may assign students to report on the following topics:
o Rules on Electronic Evidence [A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC, Resolutions dated 17 July
2001 and 24 September 2002]
o Rule on DNA Evidence [A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC, 02 October 2007]
o Rule on the Examination of a Child Witness [A.M. 00-4-07-SC, 21 November 2000]
o Judicial Affidavit Rule [A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC, 04 September 2012]

Grade Equivalents:
97 100
94 96
90 93
87 89
83 86
80 82
77 79
74 76
70 73
0 69
I.
A.

= 1.00
= 1.25
= 1.50
= 1.75
= 2.00
= 2.25
= 2.50
= 2.75
= 3.00
= 5.00

Introduction and Admissibility of Evidence

General Principles (Sections 1-4, Rule 128)
Also cf. Agreements and Stipulations of Fact Rule 18, secs. 2(d), 6(b), 7; Rule 30, sec. 6;
Rule 118, sec. 1(b)
Conclusive Presumptions Rule 131, section 2
Judgment on the Pleadings Rule 35
Judicial Notice and Admissions Rule 129, sections 1 and 4
Rules on Electronic Evidence, Rule 1, Section 2
Republic v. Sandiganbayan
Dela Llano v. Biong
Prats v. Phoenix Insurance

GR No. 90487 (21 Nov. 1991)

GR No. 182356 (04 Dec. 2013)
52 Phil. 807 (1929)

People vs. Abalos

Reyes v. Court of Appeals
People v. Turco
Knapp v. State
Tating v. Marcella
B.

Relevance (Sections 3 & 4, Rule 128)

Lopez v. Heesen
State v. Ball
People v. Galleno
People v. Calumpang

C.

Exclusionary Rules Under the 1987 Constitution

Sections 2 and 3, Art. III

b.
Section 12, Art. III
c.
Section 17, Art III
Kastigar v. U.S.
Galman v. Pamaran
2.

406 441 (1972)

138 SCRA 294 (1985)

Statutory Rules of Exclusion

a.
b.
c.
d.

Section 201, Tax Reform Act of 1997

R.A. 1405, Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits
R.A. 4200, otherwise known as the Wiretapping Act (in re R.A. 9372)
R.A. 7438, Section 2(d)

Gaanan v. IAC
Ramirez v. CA
Mamba v. Garcia
Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan
D.

365 P.2d 448 (1961)

339 S.W. 2d 783 (1960)
291 SCRA 761 (1998)
454 SCRA 719 (2005)

Competence (Section 3, Rule 128)

1.

a.

30 SCRA 599 (1969)

216 SCRA 25 (1992)
337 SCRA 714 (2000)
79 NE 1076 (1907)
519 SCRA 79 (2007)

145 SCRA 112 (1986)

248 SCRA 590 (1995)
359 SCRA 426 (2001)
509 SCRA 190 (2006)

Other Matters
Competence and Credibility
Serra v. Mumar
People v. Sabadlab
Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes
Bastian v. Court of Appeals
People v. Camat
People v. Mangundayao

668 SCRA 335 (2012)

668 SCRA 237 (2012)
544 SCRA 206 (2008)
552 SCRA 43 (2008)
667 SCRA 640 (2012)
667 SCRA 310 (2012)

Multiple Admissibility
Conditional Admissibility
Curative Admissibility
Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
People v. Matito

423 SCRA 617 (2004)

2

People v. Lara
People v. Ochate

GR No. 199877 (13 Aug. 2013)

385 SCRA 353 (2002)

Cumulative and Corroborative Evidence

Manganey v. Sandiganbayan

546 SCRA 51 (2008)

Positive and Negative Evidence; Alibi; Frame-Up; Delay in Reporting

People v. Mendoza
Tan v. Pacuribot
People v. Nueva
People v. Baro
People v. Bautista
People v. Navarro
II.

What Need Not Be Proved

A.

Judicial Notice (Sections 1 to 3, Rule 129)

Manufacturers Hanover Trust v. Guerrero
People v. Rullepa
BPI Family Savings Bank v. CTA
Landbank of the Philippines v. Banal
Pigao v. Rabanillo
Republic v. Sandiganbayan
State Prosecutors v. Muro
Vda. De Catalan v. Catalan-Lee
Calamba Steel Center v. Commissioner

B.

543 SCRA 328 (2005)

540 SCRA 246 (2007)
570 SCRA 449 (2008)
383 SCRA 75 (2002)
666 SCRA 518 (2012)
297 SCRA 331 (1998)

397 SCRA 709 (2003)

398 SCRA 567 (2003)
330 SCRA 507 (2000)
434 SCRA 543 (2004)
488 SCRA 546 (2006)
GR No. 152375 (13 Dec. 2011)
236 SCRA 505 (1994)
665 SCRA 487 (2012)
457 SCRA 482 (2005)

Judicial Admissions
Rule 129, Section 4; Rule 10, Section 8; Rule 9, Section 1; Rule 26, Sections 1 to 4;
Rule 118, Section 2; Civil Code, Articles 12 and 2035; Family Code, Articles 48 & 60
Herrera-Felix v. Court of Appeals
Heirs of Clemea v. Heirs of Bien
Tan v. Rodil
People v. Lacson
Philippine Charter Insurance v. Central Colleges
Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sports Complex
Ching v. Court of Appeals
Alfelor v. Halasan
Atillo III v. Court of Appeals

III.

Rules of Admissibility

A.

Real / Object and Demonstrative Evidence

436 SCRA 87 (2004)

501 SCRA 405 (2006)
511 SCRA 162 (2006)
413 SCRA 20 (2003)
666 SCRA 540 (2012)
569 SCRA 616 (2009)
331 SCRA 16 (2000)
486 SCRA 451 (2006)
266 SCRA 596 (1997)

Rule 130, Sections 1 & 2; Rule 135, Section 2; Rule 28

People v. Bardaje
Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes
People v. Larraaga

99 SCRA 388 (1980)

544 SCRA 206 (2008)
463 SCRA 652 (2005)
3

Dela Cruz v. People

Sison v. People
People v. Rullepa
People v. Yatar
Malilin v. People
B.

Documentary Evidence
Yap v. Inopiquez, Jr.

1.

GR No. 200748 (23 July 2014)

250 SCRA 58 (1995)
398 SCRA 567 (2003)
428 SCRA 505 (2004)
553 SCRA 619 (2008)

403 SCRA 141 (2003)

Best Evidence Rule

Rule 130, Sections 2-8; Rule 132, Sections 16 and 18, 19-33; Civil Code, Articles 265-267;
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (R.A. 8792), Sections 5, 6-15; Rules on Electronic Evidence, Rule
2, Section 1; Rule 3; Rule 4.
Vda. de Corpuz v. Brabangco (C.A.)
People v. Tan
Compania Maritima v. Allied Free Workers Union
Villa Rey Transit, Inc. v. Ferrer
People v. Tandoy
Citibank N.A. Mastercard v. Teodoro
Tenebro v. Court of Appeals
Lee v. People
Consolidated Bank v. Del Monte
Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc
Arceo v. People
Magdayao v. People
Heir of Dela Cruz v. Court of Appeals
2.

59 O.G. 8262 (1963)

105 Phil. 1242 (1959)
77 SCRA 24 (1977)
25 SCRA 845 (1968)
192 SCRA 28 (1990)
411 SCRA 577 (2003)
423 SCRA 272 (2004)
440 SCRA 662 (2004)
465 SCRA 117 (2006)
GR No. 171701 (08 Feb. 2012)
496 SCRA 204 (2006)
436 SCRA 677 (2004)
298 SCRA 172 (1998)

Parole Evidence Rule

Rule 130, Sections 9-19; Rule 63, Sections 1 & 6; Civil Code, Articles 1359-1368, 13701379, 1403, 1405, 1443; Negotiable Instruments Law; Sections 11, 17 & 24
Enriquez v. Ramos
Canuto v. Mariano
Yu Tek and Co. v. Gonzales
LASEDECO v. Garcia Plantation Co, Inc.
Woodhouse v. Halili
Cruz v. Court of Appeals
Edrada v. Ramos
Lechugas v. CA
Inciong v. CA
Ortaez v. CA
Palanca v. Fred Wilson & Co.
Phil. Natl. Railways v. CIR of Albay, Br. I
Filipinas Manufacturers v. Easter Rizal Fabricators
Lapu Lapu Foundation v. Court of Appeals
Baluyot v. Poblete
Heirs of Ureta v. Heirs of Ureta
Financial Building Corporation v. Rudlin

6 SCRA 219 (1962)

37 Phil 840 (1918)
29 Phil 384 (1915)
7 SCRA 750 (1963)
93 Phil 526 (1953)
192 SCRA 209 (1990)
468 SCRA 597 (2005)
143 SCRA 335 (1986)
257 SCRA 578 (1996)
266 SCRA 561 (1997)
37 Phil. 506 (1918)
83 SCRA 569 (1978)
150 SCRA 443 (1987)
421 SCRA 328 (2004)
514 SCRA 370 (2007)
GR No. 165748 (14 Sept. 2011)
GR No. 164186 (04 Oct. 2010)

C.

Testimonial Evidence

1.

Testimonial Qualification (Rule 130, Section 20)

Also cf. Art. 821, Civil Code; Rule 119, Section 17
People v. Mendoza
Recto v. Republic

A.

Mental Incapacity or Immaturity (Rule 130, Section 21)

Also cf. Child Witness Rule, Section 6
People v. De Jesus
People v. Deauna
People v. Macapal, Jr.
People v. Santos

B.

62 SCRA 270 (1975)

88 SCRA 562 (1979)
78 Phil. 694 (1947)
23 SCRA 1166 (1968)
473 SCRA 72 (2005)

Dead Mans Statute (Rule 130, Section 23)

Guerrero v. St. Claires Realty & Co.
Abraham v. Recto-Kasten
Goi v. CA
Tongco v. Vianzon
Lichauco v. Atlantic Gulf
Razon v. IAC
Go Chi Gun v. Co Cho
Icard v. Masigan
Sunga-Chan v. Chua
Ong Chua v. Carr
Asturias v. Court of Appeals

D.

129 SCRA 4 (1984)

386 SCRA 136 (2002)
463 SCRA 387 (2005)
501 SCRA 325 (2006)

Marital Disqualification (Rule 130, Section 22)

Ordoo v. Daquigan
People v. Castaeda, Jr.
People v. Francisco
Lezama v. Rodriguez
Alvarez v. Ramirez

C.

254 SCRA 18 (1996)

440 SCRA 79 (2004)

124 SCRA 553 (1983)

4 SCRA 298 (1962)
144 SCRA 222 (1986)
50 Phil. 698 (1927)
84 Phil 330 (1949)
207 SCRA 234 (1992)
96 Phil. 622 (1955)
71 Phil. 419 (1941)
363 SCRA 249 (2001)
53 Phil. 975 (1929)
9 SCRA 131 (1963)

Privileged Communications
Also cf. Rule 3, Section 3 of the Rules on Electronic Evidence
a.

Marital Communications [Rule 130, Section 24(a)]

People v. Carlos
United States v. Antipolo
People v. Francisco
Lacurom v. Jacoba
b.

47 Phil. 626 (1925)

37 Phil. 726 (1916)
78 Phil. 694 (1947)
484 SCRA 206 (2006)

Attorney-Client Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(b)]

Uy Chico v. Union Life

Regala v. Sandiganbayan

29 Phil 163 (1915)

262 SCRA 124 (1996)

Barton v. Leyte Asphalt & Mineral Oil Co.

Orient Insurance v. Revilla
Hickman v. Taylor
Upjohn Company v. U.S.
McGee v. Estrelle, Jr.
People v. Sandiganbayan
Mercado v. Vitrolo
c.

46 Phil. 938 (1924)

54 Phil. 919 (1930)
329 U.S. 495 (1947)
449 U.S. 383 (1981)
732 F.2d 447 (1983)
275 SCRA 505 (1997)
459 SCRA 1 (2005)

Physician-Patient Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(c); See Rule 28, Section 4]

Lim v. Court of Appeals

Krohn v. Court of Appeals
Gonzales v. Court of Appeals

214 SCRA 273 (1992)

233 SCRA 146 (1994)
298 SCRA 322 (1998)

d.

Priest/Minister Penitent Privilege [Rule 130, Section 24(d)]

e.

State Secrets [Rule 130, Section 24(e)]

U.S. v. Nixon
Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board
**see Section 16, RA 7653 (New Central Bank Act)
Almonte v. Vasquez
Senate v. Ermita
f.

398 SCRA 592 )2003)

Newsmans Privilege (R.A. 53, as amended by R.A. 1477)

In the Matter of Farber

Yambot v. Tuquero
h.

244 SCRA 286 (1995)

488 SCRA 1 (2006)

Parental & Filial Privilege (Rule 130, Section 25; Art. 215, Civil Code)

People v. invencion
g.

418 U.S. 683 (1974)

142 SCRA 523 (1986)

394 A.2d 330 (1978)

GR No. 169895 (23 March 2011)

Informers Privilege

Mc.Cray v. Illinois

386 U.S. 300 (1967)

See also Rule 119, Sec. 9; Rep. Act No. 6981 (Witness Protection Security and Benefit Act).
Sec. 11; P.D. 749 (granting immunity from prosecution to givers of bribes and other gifts and to their
accomplices in bribery and other graft cases against public officers)
i.

Trade Secrets

Air Philippines Corp. v. Pennswell

GR No. 172835 (13 Dec. 2007)

IV.

Admissions and Confessions

A.

Admissions Against Interest (Rule 130, Sections 26 & 32; see also Rule 132, Sec. 13)
Viacrucis v. CA
Keller & Co., Ltd. v. COB Group Mktg.
People v. Paragsa

44 SCRA 176 (1972)

141 SCRA 86 (1986)
84 SCRA 105 (1978)

People v. Alegre
Philippine Trust Co. v. Antigua Botics Ramirez
Rufina Patis Factory v. Alustain
Estate of Yujuico v. Republic
B.

Compromises (Rule 130, Section 27; see also Rule 116, Section 1(f); Rule 118, Sections 1
and 2; RA 8424, Section 204; PD 1508, Sections 2, 4, 6 and 10)
Varadero v. Insular Lumber
U.S. v. Torres
People v. Godoy
People v. De Guzman
People v. Yparriguirre
People v. Maqui
Hawthorne v. Eckerson Co.
People v. Lambid

C.

94 SCRA 109 (1979)

265 SCRA 248 (1996)
406 SCRA 311 (2003)
423 SCRA 520 (2004)

Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule

1.

Partners/Agents Admissions (Rule 130, Section 29; See also Rule 138, Section 23)

Acenas v. Sison
2.

3.

8 SCRA 711 (1963)

Co-conspirators Statements (Rule 130, Section 30)

People v. Cabrera
People v. Yatco
People v. Chaw Yaw Shun
People v. Serrano
Gardiner v. Magsalin
People v. Camat
People v. Palijon
People v. Buntag
Preagido, et al. v. Sandiganbayan

57 SCRA 715 (1974)

97 Phil. 941 (1955)
23 SCRA 127 (1968)
105 Phil. 531 (1959)
73 Phil. 114 (1941)
256 SCRA 52 (1996)
343 SCRA 486 (2000)
427 SCRA 180 (2004)
476 SCRA 143 (2005)

Admission By Privies (Rule 130, Section 31)

Alpuerto v. Pastor
City of Manila v. Del Rosario
Republic v. Sandiganbayan
E.

46 Phil. 176 (1924)

34 Phil. 994 (1916)
250 SCRA 676 (1995)
265 SCRA 228 (1996)
268 SCRA 35 (1997)
27 Phil. 97 (1914)
77 F.2d 844 (1935)
412 SCRA 417 (2003)

Res Inter Alios Acta (Rule 130, Sections 28 and 34)

People v. Alegre
People v. Raquel
Alvizo v. Sandiganbayan
People v. Gaudia

D.

94 SCRA 109 (1979)

56 Phil. 562 (1932)
434 SCRA 491 (2004)
537 SCRA 513 (2007)

38 Phil. 785 (1918)

5 Phil. 227 (1905)
405 SCRA 190 (2003)

Confessions
1.

Art. III, Sections 12 and 17, 1987 Consti; Rule 130, Section 33, Rule 133, Section 3

People v. Compil

244 SCRA 135 (1995)

People v. Wong Chuen Ming

People v. Alegre
People v. Maqueda
Parker v. Randolph
People v. Molas
Zapanta v. People

256 SCRA 182 (1996)

94 SCRA 109 (1979)
242 SCRA 565 (1995)
442 U.S. 62 (1979)
218 SCRA 473 (1993)
GR No. 170863 (20 March 2013)

V.

Conduct and Character As Evidence

A.

Rule 130, Secs. 34-35; 51; Rule 132, Sections 3 and 14; Article 1256, Civil Code;
Section 6, RA 8505
U.S. v. Pineda
People v. Irang
U.S. v. Mercado
Michelson v. United States
People v. Asinas
Nicolas v. Enriquez
United States v. Evangelista
People v. Steele
Baldridge v. Matthews
Boston Bank v. Manalo

37 Phil. 457 (1918)

64 Phil. 285 (1937)
26 Phil. 127 (1913)
335 U.S. 469 (1948)
53 Phil. 59 (1929)
97 Phil. 286 (1955)
24 Phil. 453 (1913)
22 Ill.2d 142, 174 N.E.2d 848 (1961)
378 Pa.566, 106 A.2d 809 (1954)
482 SCRA 108 (2006)

People v. Soliman
People v. Babiera
People v. Cheng
Civil Service Commission v. Belagan

101 Phil. 767 (1957)

52 Phil. 97 (1928)
279 SCRA 129 (1997)
440 SCRA 578 (2004)

VI.

Hearsay Rule

A.

Testimonial Knowledge (Rule 130, Section 36)

People v. Brioso
People v. Cusi, Jr.
People v. Gaddi
Leake v. Hagert
U.S. v. Zenni
Richmond v. Anchuelo
Ohio v. Roberts
Dasmarias Garments, Inc. v. Reyes
California v. Green
Estrada v. Desierto
Lea Mer Industries v. Malayan Insurance
Patula v. People

B.

37 SCRA 336 (1971)

14 SCRA 944 (1965)
170 SCRA 649 (1989)
175 N.W.2d 675 (1970)
492 F.Supp. 464 (1980)
4 Phil. 596 (1905)
448 U.S. 56 (1980)
225 SCRA 622 (1993)
399 U.S. 149 (1970)
356 SCRA 108 (2001)
471 SCRA 698 (2005)
669 SCRA 135 (2012)

Exceptions:
1.

Dying Declaration (Rule 130, Section 37)

People v. Laquinon
People v. Sabio
People v. De Joya
People v. Salison, Jr.

135 SCRA 91 (1985)

102 SCRA 218 (1981)
203 SCRA 343 (1991)
253 SCRA 758 (1996)

Marturillas v. People
People v. Salafranca
People v. Cerilla
2.

Declaration Against Interest (Rule 130, Section 38)

People v. Majuri
People v. Toledo
Fuentes v. CA
Parel v. Prudencio
3.

38 Phil. 905 (1918)

201 SCRA 37 (1991)

Common Reputation (Rule 130, Section 41)

Ferrer v. de Ynchausti
City of Manila v. Del Rosario
6.

20 SCRA 742 (1967)

201 SCRA 37 (1991)
276 SCRA 582 (1997)

Family Tradition (Rule 130, Section 40)

Ferrer v. de Ynchausti
People v. Alegado
5.

96 SCRA 472 (1980)

51 Phil. 825 (1928)
253 SCRA 430 (1996)
487 SCRA 405

Pedigree (Rule 130, Section 39)

Gravador v. Mamigo
People v. Alegado
Tison v. CA (important remember)
4.

487 SCRA 273 (2006)

GR No. 173476 (22 Feb. 2012)
539 SCRA 251 (2007)

38 Phil. 905 (1918)

5 Phil. 227 (1905)

Res Gestae (Rule 130, Section 42) (not related admissible but probative value)

rationale:
People v. Lungayan
People v. Putian
People v. Tolentino
People v. Ner
Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hillmon
DBP Pool v. Radio Mindanao Network
People v. VIllarico, Sr.
7.

Entries in the Course of Business (Rule 130, Section 42)

Palmer v. Hoffman
Nolan v. Salas
Canque v. CA
Sadagnot v. Reinier Pacific International Shipping
8.

162 SCRA 100 (1988)

74 SCRA 133 (1976)
218 SCRA 337 (1993)
28 SCRA 1151 (1969)
145 U.S. 285 (1892)
480 SCRA 314 (2006)
647 SCRA 43 (2011)

318 U.S. 109 (1943)

7 Phil. 1 (1906)
305 SCRA 579 (1999)
GR No. 152636 (8 Aug. 2007)

Official Records (Rule 130, Section 44)

Caltex v. Africa
People v. Leones
Manalo v. Robles Trans. Co., Inc.

16 SCRA 448 (1966)

117 SCRA 382 (1982)
99 Phil. 729 (1956)

People v. Cabuang
People v. San Gabriel
United States v. Que Ping
Escobar v. Luna
9.

Commercial lists (Rule 130, Section 45)

PNOC Shipping v. Court of Appeals

10.

49 OG 139 (1952)

Prior Testimony (Rule 130, Section 47)

Tan v. CA
Ohio v. Roberts
Manliclic v. Calaunan
Republic v. Sandiganbayan
VII.

297 SCRA 402 (1998)

Learned Treatises (Rule 130, Section 46)

Estrada v. Noble
11.

217 SCRA 675 (1993)

253 SCRA 84 (1996)
40 Phil. 17 (1919)
519 SCRA 1 (2007)

20 SCRA 54 (1967)
448 U.S. 56 (1980)
512 SCRA 642 (2007)
GR No. 152375 (13 Dec. 2011)

Opinion Rule
Rule 130, Sections 48 to 50; see also Rule 132, Section 22; Rule on DNA Evidence
Dilag & Co. v. Merced
U.S. v. Trono
People v. Adoviso
Brunker v. Cummins
Een v. Consolidated Freightways
United States v. Ridling
Ruth v. Fenchel
Galian v. State Assurance Co.
Tijing v. Court of Appeals
People v. Duranan
Ilao-Quianay v. Mapile
People v. Umanito

VIII.

45 O.G. 5536 (1949)

3 Phil. 213 (1904)
309 SRA 1 (1999)
133 Ind. 443, 32 N.E. 732 (1892)
120 F. Supp. 289 (1954)
350 F. Supp. 90 (E.D., Mich., 1972)
21 N.J. 171, 121 A.2d 373, (1956)
29 Phil. 413 (1915)
354 SCRA 17 (2001)
349 SCRA 180 (2001)
474 SCRA 246 (2005)
GR No. 172607 (26 Oct. 2007)

Burden of Proof and Presumptions

Relate to Burden of Evidence
Bautista v. Sarmiento
Asian Construction v. Tulabut

138 SCRA 587 (1985)

457 SCRA 317 (2005)

Equipoise Doctrine
Marubeni v. Lirag
Malana v. People
A.

362 SCRA 620 (2001)

549 SCRA 451 (2008)

Rule 131, Section 1

1.

Civil Cases

10

Pornellosa v. Land Tenure Admin.

IFC v. Tobias
Sambar v. Levi Strauss
Prudential Guarantee v. TransAsia Shipping
2.

Criminal Cases

People v. Pajenado
People v. Verzola
Patterson v. New York
People v. Macalaba
People v. Florendo
3.

1 SCRA 375 (1961)

78 SCRA 28 (1977)
378 SCRA 364 (2002)
491 SCRA 411 (2006)

31 SCRA 812 (1970)

80 SCRA 600 (1977)
432 U.S. 19 (1977)
395 SCRA 461 (2003)
413 SCRA 132 (2003)

Presumptions (Rule 131, Sections 2 to 4)

Pascual v. Angeles
Ormachea v. Trillana
People v. Padiernos
Yee Hem v. United States
County Court of Ulster v. Allen
Sandstrom v. Montana
People v. Magbanua
Mabunga v. People
Ong v. Sandiganbayan
Pilipinas Bank v. Glee Chemical
Surtida v. Rural Bank of Malinao

4 Phil. 604 (1905)

13 Phil. 194 (1909)
69 SCRA 484 (1976)
268 U.S. 178 (1925)
442 U.S. 140 (1979)
442 U.S. 140 (1979)
428 SCRA 617 (2004)
429 SCRA 518 (2004)
470 SCRA 7 (2005)
490 SCRA 663 (2006)
511 SCRA 507 (2006)a

IX.

Presentation of Evidence

A.

Examination of Witnesses [Rule 132, Sections 1 and 2; Rule on the Conduct of Pre-Trial (AM
No. 03-1-09-SC); Judicial Affidavit Rule; Rule on Examination of A Child Witness; Rules on
Electronic Evidence, Rule 10)
People v. Estenzo
People v. Go
People v. Bisda

B.

Rights of a Witness (Rule 132, Section 3; RA 1379, Section 8; PD 749)

Galman v. Pamaran
Herrera v. Alba
Rosete v. Lim

C.

138 SCRA 294 (1985)

460 SCRA 197 (2005)
490 SCRA 125 (2006)

Order of Examination [Rule 132, Sections 4 to 10; Rule 115, Section 1(d)]
Dela Paz v. IAC
Fulgado v. CA
Capitol Subdivision v. Province Negros Occidental

D.

72 SCRA 428 (1976)

394 SCRA 428 (2002)
406 SCRA 454 (2003)

154 SCRA 65 (1987)

182 SCRA 81 (1982)
99 Phil. 633 (1956)

Impeachment of Witnesses (Rule 132, Sections 11 to 15; Rule 23, Section 4)

US v. Mercado

26 Phil. 127 (1913)

11

Office of the Court Administrator v. Morante

Civil Service Commission v. Belagan
E.

428 SCRA 1 (2004)

440 SCRA 578 (2004)

Reference to Writing (Rule 132, Sections 16 to 18)

Canque v. CA
People v. Dela Cruz

305 SCRA 579 (1999)

384 SCRA 375 (2002)

X.

Authentication and Proof of Documents

A.

Public Documents (Rule 132, Sections 19, 23 to 30; Civil Code, Art. 408; RA 8424, Sec. 201)
Pacific Asia Overseas v. NLRC
People v. Lazaro
Delfin v. Billones
Sevilla v. Cardenas

B.

Private Documents (Rule 132, Sections 20 to 22, 32 to 33)

Bartolome v. IAC (now CA)
Cequena v. Bolante
Malayan Insurance v. Philippine Nails and Wires
Jimenez v. Commission on Ecumenical Mission
Pan Pacific Industrial Sales v. Court of Appeals
Nacu v. Civil Service Commission

C.

183 SCRA 102 (1990)

330 SCRA 216 (2000)
380 SCRA 374 (2002)
383 SCRA 326 (2002)
482 SCRA 164 (2006)
GR No. 187752 (23 Nov. 2010)

Alteration in Documents (Rule 132, Section 31)

Cabotaje v. Padunan
Cirelos v. Hernandez

D.

161 SCRA 122 (1988)

317 SCRA 435 (1999)
485 SCRA 38 (2006)
497 SCRA 428 (2006)

436 SCRA 423 (2004)

490 SCRA 635 (2006)

Electronic Evidence

ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE: treated like documentary evidence you need to authenticate it; it also
has disputable presumptions
More technical
The rules are there to ensure the documents being presented should also be reliable
Aznar v. Citibank
Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud
MCC Industrial Sales v. Ssangyong
Torres v. PAGCOR

XI.

519 SCRA 287 (2007)

469 SCRA 439 (2005)
GR No. 170633 (17 Oct. 2007)
GR No. 193531 (06 Dec. 2011)

Offer and Objection

Rule 132, Section 34 to 40
Formal offer of evidence not required
1. Summary proceedings

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2. For matters that are of judicial notice

3. Admin cases
4. Evidence has been duly identified by testimony and testimony is duly incorporated in the
records of the case
5. When the other party fails to object
Purpose of objection
1. Keep inadmissible evidence out
2. Protect the record
3. Protect witness from being badgered
4. Expose adversarys unfair tactics
5. Give trial court opportunity to correct its errors
a. Warning for petition for certiorari
6. Prevent a waiver of inadmissibility
TEST IS IF THE COURT CAN INTELLIGENTLY RULE ON THE OBJECTION:
GENERAL OBJECTIONS
Remedy if di iadmit: tender it for appeal
1. State the purpose
2. Testimonial offer: it has to be as specific as possible the testimony of the witness
3. Have it attached to the record
Can you object to the tender of evidence? Rules are silent. But if you are a good lawyer: MAKE AN
OBJECTION FOR THE RECORD!!
Ong v. Court of Appeals
Heirs of Lourdes Saez Sabanpan v. Comorposa
Cabugao v. People
Yu v. CA
Valencia v. Sandiganbayan
Parel v. Prudencio
Ramos v. Dizon
Tan v. People
Dizon v. Court of Tax Appeals
Catacutan v. People
Aludos v. Suerte
XII.

Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

A.

Civil Cases (Rule 133, Section 1)

Habagat Grill v. DMC-Urban Property Developer
Hun Hyung Park v. Eung Wan Choi
Spouses Sevilla v. Court of Appeals

B.

301 SCRA 387 (1999)

408 SCRA 692 (2003)
435 SCRA 624 (2004)
476 SCRA 443 (2005)
473 SCRA 279 (2005)
487 SCRA 405 (2006)
498 SCRA 17 (2006)
500 SCRA 172 (2006)
553 SCRA 111 (2008)
GR No. 175991 (31 Aug. 2011)
675 SCRA 413 (2012)

454 SCRA 653 (2005)

515 SCRA 502 (2007)
GR No. 150284 (22 Nov. 2010)

Criminal Cases (Rule 133, Section 2 to 4)

Ungsod bv. People

478 SCRA 282 (2005)

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Maturillas v. People
People v. Villanueva
People v. Del Mundo
People v Padua
C.

D.

487 SCRA 273 (2006)

506 SCRA 280 (2006)
510 SCRA 554 (2006)
516 SCRA 590 (2007)

Administrative Cases (Rule 133 Section 5; also see Rule on Writ of Amparo, Sec. 17)
Reyes v. Magno
Ramos Vda de Brigino v. Ramos
Nacu v. Civil Service Commission

450 SCRA 27 (2005)

481 SCRA 546 (2006)
GR No. 187752 (23 Nov. 2010)

Duduaco v. Laquindanum
Gutierrez v. Belen

466 SCRA 428 (2005)

555 SCRA 424 (2008)

Clear and Convincing Evidence

Government of Hong Kong v. Olalia, Jr.
Rivera v. Mendoza
Alonso v. Cebu Country Club
People v. Boco

E.

Credibility of Witnesses
People v. Domingcil
People v. Alcantara

F.

419 SCRA 291 (2003)

427 SCRA 673 (2004)

Termination of Presentation of Evidence (Rule 133, Section 6)

People v. Subida

G.

521 SCRA 470 (2007)

497 SCRA 608 (2006)
417 SCRA 115 (2002)
309 SCRA 42 (1999)

493 SCRA 125 (2006)

Evidence on Motion (Rule 133, Section 7)

Bravo, Jr. v. Soria
People v. Monteiro

134 SCRA 466 (1985)

192 SCRA 548 (1990)

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