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ADVANCED TRANSPORT
PROCESSES /
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
5. Mass Transport
Diffusion through a Spherical Stagnant Gas Film
Course Outcomes
CLO1 Explain the theoretical aspect of momentum, mass
and energy transport
CLO2 Apply mathematical and numerical methodology in
analyzing momentum transfer problem
CLO3 Apply mathematical and numerical methodology in
analyzing heat transfer problem
CLO4 Apply mathematical and numerical methodology in
analyzing mass transfer problem
CLO5 Analyze and solve transport phenomena using
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools.
Lesson outcomes
At the end of the lesson the student should
be able to:
Solve the problem of diffusion through a stagnant
spherical gas film.
Spherical liquid
droplet
Boundary conditions
At r=r1 xA=x A1
At r=r2 xA=x A2
r1
r2
N Ar J Ar x A N Ar N Br
(1)
Since B is stagnant
N Ar J Ar x A N Ar
N Ar cDAB
dx A
x A N Ar
dr
(2)
Rearranging (2)
N Ar
cDAB dx A
1 x A dr
(3)
6
NAr|r+Dr
NAr|r
r
Rate of
Rate of
rate of production of A
0
mass of A in mass of A out by reaction
4 r 2 N Ar r r 2 N Ar
r Dr
(4)
7
r 2 N Ar r r 2 N Ar
r Dr
Dr
(5)
d 2
(r N Ar ) 0
dr
(6)
Integrating (6)
r N Az c1
2
(7)
cDAB dx A
r
c1
1 x A dr
2
cDAB
dx A
c
12 dr
1 xA r
(8)
1 x A2
1 1
c1
cDAB ln
1 x A1
r1 r2
(9)
1 x A2
cDAB
c1
ln
(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 ) 1 x A1
(10)
Since c1= (r2) NAr from (7) , we get the molar flux equation to be
N Ar
1 x A2
cDAB
2
ln
r [(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )] 1 x A1
(11)
NB: Note that for gasses it is common to give the partial and total
pressure together with temperature, rather than concentration in
such cases (11) can be changed as follows
10
P
RT
xA
pA
P
xB
pB
P
N Ar
P p A2
PDAB
2
ln
r RT [(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )] P p A1
(12)
11
1 xA
1 1
c1
cDAB ln
1 x A1
r1 r
(13)
1 1
1 x A r1 r 1 x A 2
ln
ln
1 x A1 1 1 1 x A1
r r
1 2
Simplifying (14) we get
1 x A 1 x A2
1 x A1 1 x A1
(14)
(1 / r1 ) (1 / r )
(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )
(15)
12
P p A P p A2
P p A1 P p A1
(1 / r1 ) (1 / r )
(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )
(15)
N Ar
1 x A2
cDAB
2
ln
r [(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )] 1 x A1
(11)
13
1 x A2
4cDAB
WA
ln
[(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )] 1 x A1
(16)
WA
P p A2
4PDAB
ln
RT [(1 / r1 ) (1 / r2 )] P p A1
(17)
14
Class activity
Mass transfer is occurring from a sphere of naphthalene
having a radius of 10 mm. The sphere is in a large volume
of still air at 52.6oC and 1 atm absolute pressure. The vapor
pressure of naphthalene at 52.6oC is 0.0013 atm. The
diffusivity of naphthalene in air is 7.024 x 10-6 m2/s.
Calculate the molar flux of evaporation of naphthalene.
15
Lesson outcomes
Solve the problem of diffusion through a spherical
stagnant gas film.
16