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School Management of the Identity from the Principle of Cultural Reciprocity
This idea of liberal education was already proclaimed by Seneca, opposing it to the dominant idea in Rome at that time of an education
liberalis , in the sense of being directed towards the noblemen, who were born free, and who belonged to the wealthy classes. This
education initiated the lite in the traditions venerated by their society, endeavouring to achieve continuity and conformity, and at the same
time discouraging critical reflection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE DIVERSITY, VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, 2006
http://www.Diversity-Journal.com, ISSN 1447-9532
Common Ground, Antonio Bernal Guerrero, All Rights Reserved, Permissions: cg-support@commongroundpublishing.com
As Heinz von Foerster (1996) has shown, this ethical orientation corresponds to a cybernetics of second order, in which the observer
is considered part of what is observed, and he observes himself as one of the agents that act in the field of his interpersonal relationships
by which, consequently, he can only formulate how he himself should think and act. On the other hand, morality belongs to a cybernetics
of first order, that is, it presupposes an observer who considers something which is objective, from outside, he observes reality, the world,
and, from his supposed independence, he says to the rest how they have to think and act.
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Ethical action, in any event, needs some kind of foundation. This orientation can be inferred from the study of the very conditions of our
existence, as Rotthaus (2004) points out. Of course, theorisations on the problem admit of different propositions, but all share the idea that
the development of differentiated social abilities has constituted the determining step in our evolution as human beings. Without social
interaction, we cannot conceive of ourselves as individuals, as unique subjects.
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As Simone de Beavioir said, when a group affirms itself as unique, it puts the other against it.
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The group makes the individual feel loved and even needed. And who does not want to feel loved and needed?.
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For ancient Greek stoicism, the main loyalty of a citizen is the loyalty towards the human beings of all the world, the rest of his loyalties
being secondary. This ideal of citizenship has been later modified by different options that allow changes in the order of loyalties, but
without losing the unconditional message of the value of humanity in all men.
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Truly, educating in diversity constitutes a global challenge for present-day school systems (Wang, 1995).
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educative projects.
References
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