UNIT V ALL OPTICAL TRANSPORT AND

1
ACCESS NETWORKS:
The Optical Transport Network - Introduction OTN Network Layers - FEC in OTN - OTN
Frame Structure - OPU-k - ODU-k - OTU-kThe Optical Channel - Optical Channel Carrier
and Optical Channel Group Non associated
Overhead Mapping GFP -frames in OPUkOTN and DWDM Access WDM Systems The
General PON CWDM PON- TDM PONTDM
PON Versus WDMPON.

INTRO

OTN FEATURES

CONTINUE

Compared with SDH and SONET networks, an OTN

network has the following features:

Ultra capacity with high accuracy, T-bit/second per fiber

over DWDM lines

Service transparency for client signals

Asynchronous mapping, powerful FEC function, simplified

network design, and reduced costs

Compared with traditional WDM networks, an OTN

network has the following features:

Enhanced OAM and networking capabilities for all services

Dynamic electrical/optical-layer grooming

Page

10

CONVERGED TRANSPORT OVER OTN

12

13

15

16

17

18

OTN (G.709) FRAME FORMAT

20

OTUK FRAME RATE

OTUk rate = 255/(239 - k) x STM-N frame rate

OTU Type

OTU Nominal Bit Rate

OTU1

255/238 x 2488320 kbit/s

OTU2

255/237 x 9953280 kbit/s

OTU3

255/236 x 39813120 kbit/s

OTU4

255/227 x 99532800 kbit/s

OTU Bit Rate Tolerance

20 ppm

Note 1: The nominal OTUk rates are approximately 2666057.143 kbit/s (OTU1), 10709225.316
kbit/s (OTU2), 43018413.559 kbit/s (OTU3) and 111809 973.568 kbit/s (OTU4).
Note 2: OTU0, OTU2e and OTUflex are not specified in this recommendation. ODU0 signals
are transported over ODU1, ODU2, ODU3 or ODU4 signals, ODU2e signals are transported
over ODU3 and ODU4 signals, and ODUflex signals are transported over ODU2, ODU3 and
ODU4 signals.

ODUK FRAME RATE

ODUk rate = 239/(239 - k) x STM-N frame rate
ODU Type

ODU Nominal Bit Rate

ODU0

1244160 kbit/s

ODU1

239/238 x 2488320 kbit/s

ODU2

239/237 x 9953280 kbit/s

ODU3

239/236 x 39813120 kbit/s

ODU4

239/227 x 99532800 kbit/s

ODU2e

239/237 x 10312500 kbit/s

ODUflex for CBR

client signals

239/238 x Client signal bit rate

ODUflex for GFP-F

mapped client
signals

Pre-set bit rate

ODU Bit Rate Tolerance

20 ppm

100 ppm

Client signal bit rate tolerance, with a

maximum of 100 ppm
20 ppm

OPUK FRAME RATE

OPUk payload rate = 238/(239 - k) x STM-N frame rate

OPU Type

OPU Payload Nominal Bit Rate

OPU0

238/239 x 1244160 kbit/s

OPU1

2488320 kbit/s

OPU2

238/237 x 9953280 kbit/s

OPU3

238/236 x 39813120 kbit/s

OPU4

238/227 x 99532800 kbit/s

OPU2e

238/237 x 10312500 kbit/s

OPUflex for CBR client

signals

Client signal bit rate

OPUflex for GFP-F

mapped client signals

238/239 x ODUflex signal rate

OPU1-Xv

X x 2 488 320 kbit/s

OPU2-Xv

X x 238/237 x 9953280 kbit/s

OPU Payload Bit Rate Tolerance

20 ppm

100 ppm
Client signal bit rate tolerance, with a
maximum of 100 ppm
20 ppm

20 ppm

ODUK (TDM)

Low-rate ODUk signals are multiplexed into

high-rate ODUk signals using time-division
multiplexing:
A maximum of four ODU1 signals are multiplexed
into one ODU2 signal using time-division
multiplexing.
Hybrid j (j 4) ODU2 and 16-4j ODU1 signals are
multiplexed into one ODU3 signal using
time-division multiplexing.
Multiple LO ODUi[j] signals at different levels are
multiplexed into one HO ODUk signal.

Page24

PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK

INTRODUCTION
Passive Optical Network (PON) is a telecommunications technology
that implements a point-to-multipoint architecture, in which
unpowered Fiber Optic Splitters are used to enable a single
optical fiber to serve multiple end-points such as customers,
without having to provision individual fibers between the hub and
customer.
A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service
provider's central office (hub) and a number of optical network
units (ONUs) or Optical Network Terminals (ONTs), near end
users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office
equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures. A
passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network.

WHY PON

HDTV, video telephony, Live TV, Gaming services demand.

Higher bandwidth demand for these services.

Improved service reliability and simplicity via PON.

PON ADVANTAGES

1Gbps speed for <20km distance

Broadcasting takes place in downlink.

In uplink service channel shared by users.

No power utilization in OF network as optic splitters used and no

down time risk.
Low cost

PON TYPES

OPTICAL ACCESS NETWORKS

Point-to-Point links
Simple, standardized and mature technology
N fiber lines
2N transceivers

OPTICAL ACCESS NETWORKS

Active Optical Network

Simple, standardized and mature technology
1 fiber line
Curb Switch power in the field
2N+2 transcievers

OPTICAL ACCESS NETWORKS

Passive Optical Network (PON)

Simple, under standardization technology
1 fiber line
N+1 transceivers
passive devices (splitters)

PONs
Slide 33

PON
ARCHITECTURE

TERMINOLOGY

Terminal
Equipment

Slide 35

Optical Access
Network

PONs

like every other field, PON technology has its own terminology
the CO head-end is called an OLT
ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in ITU)
the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an
ODN
all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN
downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite
direction)
downstrea
mupstrea
m
NNI
Optical Distribution
Optical Network
core
Network
Units
splitt
Optical Line
er
UNI
Terminal

MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES
1. Wavelength Division Multiplexing-PON
Non-Standard
Costly Equipment
Separate wavelength for each ONU possible
Variation with temperature change occures

2. Time Division Multiplexing-PON

Standard
Less-costly
Broadcasting in TDM

Does not vary with temperature change

1. WDM-PON

WDM TECHNIQUES IN PONS

WPON: Broadcast and select PONs
WRPON: wavelength routed PONs

SIMPLE WDM-PON
Number of ONUs limited by wavelengths
Point-to-point topology
Long-reach (almost point-to-point reach)

2. TDM-PON