xix

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Symbols

Fourier coeficients of trignometric form of Fourier series of x(t)

Bandwidth in Hz

cn

Fourier coeficients of exponential form of Fourier series of x(t)

Energy of a signal

Frequency of discrete time signal in Hz/sample

Frequency of continuous time signal in Hz

Fo

Fundamental frequency of continuous time signal in Hz

Fm

Maximum frequency of continuous time signal

Fs

Sampling frequency of continuous time signal in Hz

System operator

Complex operator, 1

Inductance

no

Harmonic angular frequency, where n = 1,2,3.......

Power of a signal

Pole

Resistor

Complex frequency (s = + j)

Time in seconds

Time period in seconds

Phase factor or Twiddle factor

Complex variable (z = u + jv)

Unit advance operator or zero

z1

Unit delay operator

ao, an, bn

xx

Angular frequency of continuous time signal in rad/sec

Fundamental angular frequency

Maximum angular frequency in rad/sec

Angular frequency of discrete time signal

Sampling frequency point

Neper frequency (Real part of s)

Convolution operator

Integration operator

d
dt

max

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Differentiation operator

Standard/Input/Output Signals
h(n)

Impulse response of discrete time system

h(t)

Impulse response of continuous time system

sgn(t)

Signum signal

sinc (t)

Sinc signal

u(n)

Discrete time unit step signal

u(t)

Continuous time unit step signal

x(n)

Discrete time signal

x(n)

Input of discrete time system

xo(n)

Odd part of discrete time signal x(n)

xe(n)

Even part of discrete time signal x(n)

x(nm)

Delayed or linearly shifted x(n) by m units

x(t)

Continuous time signal or Input of continuous time system

xo(t)

Odd part of continuous time signal x(t)

xe(t)

Even part of continuous time signal x(t)

x(tm)

Delayed or linearly shifted x(t) by m units

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

y(n)

Output / Response of discrete time system

yzs(n)

Zero state response of discrete time system

yzi(n)

Zero input response of discrete time time system

y(t)

Output / Response of continuous time system

yzs(t)

Zero state response of continuous time system

yzi(t)

Zero input response of continuous time system

Continuous time impulse signal

Discrete time impulse signal

Unit pulse signal

(t)

(n)

(t)

Transform Operators and Functions

F

Fourier transform

F1

Inverse Fourier transform

H(s)

Laplace transform of h(t)

Laplace transform

L1

Inverse Laplace transform

X(ej)

Discrete Time Fourier transform of x(n)

Xr(ej)

Real part of X(ej)

Xi(ej)

Imaginary part of X(ej)

X(j)

Fourier transform of x(t)

X(s)

Laplace transform of x(t)

X(z)

Z-transform of x(n)

Z-transform

Z1

Inverse Z-transform

xxi

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

xxii

Abbreviations
BIBO

Bounded Input Bounded Output

CT

Continuous Time

CTFS

Continuous Time Fourier Series

CTFT

Continuous Time Fourier Transform

DT

Discrete Time

DTFT

Discrete Time Fourier Transform

FIR

Finite Impulse Response

IIR

Ininite Impulse Response

LHP

Left Half Plane

LTI

Linear Time Invariant

RHP

Right Half Plane

ROC

Region of Convergence