ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

A Survey on E-Voting System Using Arduino

Software
Rathna Prabha. S1, Trini Xavier. X2, Deepika. V3, Iswarya. C4
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ICE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India1
UG Student, Dept. of ICE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India2
UG Student, Dept. of ICE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India3
UG Student, Dept. of ICE, Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India4
ABSTRACT: There are lots of methods to avoid fraudulence in voting systems, but we are not able to eradicate it
completely. The objective of this project is to improve the security performance in the voting machine as well as to
provide easy access to cast the vote by using finger print. Fingerprint is one of the unique identities of a human being
which is being used in the aadhar system. By using arduino software and by using image processing we capture the
finger print of every individual and the face of the individual is being captured. The polling of the vote is transmitted to
PC through arduino communication. Face of the person captured is compared to aadhar details using LabVIEW. We
also know about individual persons full details in the personal computer. In future, it could also be implemented using
eye trace which will give more accurate results.
KEYWORDS: Arduino, Face Recognition, Finger Print, LabVIEW.
I.INTRODUCTION
In paper-based elections voters cast their votes by simply depositing their ballots in sealed boxes distributed across the
electoral circuits around a given country. When the election period ends, all these boxes are opened and votes are
counted manually in presence of the certified officials. In this process there can be error in counting of votes or in some
cases voters find ways to vote more than once. Sometimes votes are even manipulated to distort the results of an
election in favour of certain candidates [1]. In order to avoid these shortcomings the government of India came up with
Direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system which are usually referred as Electronic Voting Machines or EVMs.
These devices have been praised for their simple design, ease of use and reliability. However it has been found that
EVMs are not tamper proof and are easily hackable. Moreover this attacks, hardware as well as software, go without
any detection but are quite simple to implement. This made us to bring forth a system that is secure, transparent,
reliable as well as easy to use for the citizens. Biometric e-voting systems are not a phenomenon anymore they are
being actively used in countries like Ghana and Ireland and are spreading to many other developing nations. In this
project we propose an idea to avoid fraudulence in mechanism to make e-voting in India a reality. It improves the
security performance and avoid forgery vote because naturally one human finger print is different from other human.
From the paper titled A Biometric-Secure e-Voting System for Election Process the authenticated voters and polling
data security aspects for e-voting system was discussed. They insured that vote casting cannot be altered by
unauthorized person. The voter authentication in online e-voting process can be done by formal registration through
administrators and by entering one time password. In offline e-voting process authentication can be using Iris
reorganization which enables the electronic ballot reset for allowing voters to cast their votes. In the paper titled
Security Analysis of Indias Electronic Voting Machines they present a security analysis of a real Indian EVM
obtained from an anonymous source. They also described the machines design and operation in detail, and they
evaluated its security, in light of relevant election procedures. They concluded that in spite of the machines simplicity
and minimal software trusted computing base, it is vulnerable to serious attacks that can alter election results and
violate the secrecy of the ballot. In the paper titled Overview of Biometric Electronic Voting System the overview of
the development and implementation of Biometric Electronic Voting System Software has been discussed. This is
integrated with a biometric fingerprint machine to scan the finger print of eligible voters during the registration process

Copyright to IJAREEIE

DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2016.0502006

687

ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

and for the authentication or verification on Election Day. They implemented on personal computers over a Local Area
Network at each polling station.
This paper is structured as follows:
Section 2, shows the Block Diagram of the E-Voting system. Section 3, we have discussed in detail about the hardware
configuration of the Arduino board UNO. In section 4, we discussed about the working of the finger print sensor. The
conclusions arrived, based on the results in section 4.
II.BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 1. Block diagram of E-Voting System.

The above block diagram projects the microcontroller based architecture of the E-Voting system. Thus, the data is
stored and the information is transferred to the personal computer. Finger print sensor is interfaced with the
microcontroller through the processor circuit. The related data is stored in the microcontroller. The microcontroller
transfers the related information on the LCD display and PC.
III.HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
There are many different types of electronics hardware development boards featuring embedded processors and the
most famous species like Raspberry pi, Beagle Bone, Arduino Galileo. The embedded world evolved very differently
there were too many choices for processors, which were mainly chosen for price and features. The devices like
Raspberry pi and Beagle Board are best for handling media such as video. They are designed to function on a much
higher level with already integrated hardware that takes care of things like Ethernet, video processing, large quantities
of RAM and an almost unlimited amount of storage space. In the other side the Arduino is an excellent choice if we
have a project requiring sensors (and decent memory and processing power), monitoring, or have productivity-related
applications (Galileo has a real time clock.) Galileo could be used to develop smart everyday "things" with lots of
sensors, such as health monitoring, security system, home automation, fitness devices, or simply be an inexpensive
personal computer running Linux sans all things by Arduino.

Copyright to IJAREEIE

DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2016.0502006

688

ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Fig. 2. Arduino board UNO

The Fig. 2 shows the hardware figure of the arduino board UNO. The above shown arduino board is of the type of
ATmega328 arduino board .

Microcontroller

ATmega328

Operating Voltage
Input Voltage(limits)
Digital I/O pins
Analog input pins
DC current per I/O pin
Flash Memory
SRAM
EEPROM
Clock

5volts
6-20V
14
6
40mA
32kB(ATmega328)
2kB(ATmega328)
1kB(ATmega328)
16MHZ

Table. 1. Specifications of Arduino Board UNO

The above Table. 1 shows the hardware specifications of the arduino board ATmega328 UNO. It shows the range of
the operating voltage, digital input and output pins and the memory range.
A. Finger Print Stage:
This system registered the users that consider as authority to access control in the enrollment model. Each user in this
stage will take the Aadhaar ID number that is saved in the database. In fingerprint stage we used two important
functions feature extraction and the matching function which has been discussed below.
B. Feature Extraction:
The feature extraction is responsible for expressing fingerprint's unique characteristics adequately such as directions of
the lines, terminals of lines, bifurcation and so on. To ensure the accuracy of comparison, the method of feature
extraction must extract useful features as such as possible; meanwhile, filter false features for various reasons. There
are two kinds of features in fingerprint images: global feature and local feature. Global feature can reflect overall
shaper of fingerprint, which usually applies to fingerprints' classification, the process of extract global feature
frequently belongs to procedure of fingerprint classification. The Local feature can reflect minutiae of fingerprint,
usually applies to fingerprints' comparison. Strict feature extraction means local features' extraction. Two fingerprints
often have the same global features, but their local features cannot be exactly the same. The important information of
fingerprints' local feature is following: terminals, bifurcations, branch points, isolated points, enclosures, short lines and
so on. In fact, not all the fingerprints have these two features, it often be used as fingerprints' sub-matches. This system
uses terminals and bifurcations in feature extraction and matching algorithm.

Copyright to IJAREEIE

DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2016.0502006

689

ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016

C. Feature Matching:
The matching function, features extracted from the input fingerprint is compared against those in a database, which
represents a single user (retrieved from the system database based on the claimed identity). The result of such a
procedure is either a degree of similarity (also called matching score) or an acceptance/rejection decision. There are
fingerprint matching techniques that directly compare gray scale images using correlation-based methods, so that the
fingerprint template coincides with the gray scale image. However, most of the fingerprint matching algorithms use
features that are extracted from the gray scale image. A large number of approaches to fingerprint matching can be
found in previous work. In this proposed work we used the matching algorithm that support the optical fingerprint
reader module SFG algorithm is specially designed according to the image generation theory of the optical fingerprint
collection device. It has excellent correction &tolerance to deformed and poor-quality fingerprint and work with both
1:1 and 1:N.
D. Face Recognition:
Every human could be identified by the faces and could be easily recognised by the faces. Early face recognition
algorithms used simple geometric models, but the recognition process has now matured into a science of sophisticated
mathematical representations and matching processes. Thus the face recognised could be both verified and identified.
Thus, by using face recognition here we could avoid the fraudulence.
E. LabVIEW:
In this paper we are using LabVIEW. LabVIEW [Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench] is the
graphical programming language. Designing of LabVIEW is used with hardware supported by National Instrument
MYRIO driver. USB communication cable, PCI device with analog input also include in that. There is a lot of built in
analysis function available in LabVIEW, which is used to easily create the program for complementary problem. Filter,
PID control algorithm, converter and correction factor, simulated signals these are commonly used library.
IV.WORKING
The finger print sensor is interfaced with the microcontroller. The processor activates the finger print sensor at the time
of finger is placed in the sensor. Then the related data is stored in the microcontroller. The microcontroller transfers the
related information to PC. When the human places the finger on the finger print sensor, the sensor sends the
corresponding data to the microcontroller. Microcontroller receives the data from the finger print sensor. Then
compared with the stored data if the person finger is valid for that voter name mentioned in the voter ID card it is
displayed in the LCD display and the person is eligible for voting. If the authentication is failed then the particular
person is not eligible for voting.
V. CONCLUSION
Thus, the arduino controller could be interfaced in LabVIEW environment. The real time vote monitoring is made
possible and finding of repeated voting by same voter could be detected easily.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]

Khasawneh, M., Malkawi, M., & Al-Jarrah, O., A Biometric-Secure e-Voting System for Election Process, Proceeding of the 5th
International Symposium on Mechatronics and its Applications (ISMA08), (2008), Amman, Jordan.
Prasad, H. K., Halderman, A. J., & Gonggrijp, R., Security Analysis of Indias Electronic Voting Machines, International Journal For
Research In Emerging Science And Technology, Volume-2, Issue-3, E-Issn: 2349-7610, March-2015.
Q. UIDAI., Role of Biometric Technology, Aadhaar Authentication, (2012).
Yinyeh, M. O., & Gbolagade, K. A., Overview of Biometric Electronic Voting System, International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering, (2013).
McGaley., Margaret., Irish Citizens for Trustworthy Voting, 6 July 2004.
UIDAI, Biometrics Design Standards For UID Applications, 2009.

Copyright to IJAREEIE

DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2016.0502006

690