OBJECTIVE:

TO DESIGN AN EXCHANGER FOR THE COOLING OF LEAN OIL

TO DETERMINE ITS HEAT DUTY, HEAT TRANSFER AREA & FOULING

Hot Side
Fluid name
Flow Total
Temperature, in
Temperature, out
Pressure, in

Press Drop Allowed

Fouling Resistance
Cold Side
Fluid name
Flow Total
Temperature, in
Temperature, out
Pressure, in

Press Drop Allowed

Fouling Resistance

Hot Side Fluid Components

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

NBP 92
NBP 106
NBP 120
NBP 137
NBP 149
NBP 167
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4

i-C5

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

n-C5
n-C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
Benzene
2-Mpentane
3-Mpentane
22-Mbutane
22-Mpropane
hydrogen
cyclopentane
cyclohexane
Mcycloctane
Mcyclopentane
H2O

Parameter
Fluid Name
Flow Total

Units

Temperature (In/Out)

Density
Specific Gravity
API Gravity
Viscosity
Molecular Weight

lb/ft3

Specific Heat

Btu/lboF

Thermal Conductivity
Latent Heat
Inlet Pressure
Velocity
Press Drop Allowed

Btu/hr-ft-oF
Btu/lb-F
psia
ft/s
psi

Fouling Resistance

ft2-h-oF/Btu

HEAT BALANCE
Lean Oil, Q
Water, m

mCpT
mCpT=> m=

lb/hr
F

cP

LMTD
HOT FLUID
268

HIGHER TEMPERATURE

120
148

LOWER TEMPERATURE
DIFFERENCES

108.404

= (_2_1)/ln (_2)/(_1 ) =

LMTD CORRECTION FACTOR FOR 1 SHELL PASS

= _1 _2/(_2_1 )
R=
S=

S= (_2_1)/
(_1_1 )

4.9233333333
0.1444390948

1 FT

0.95
t = LMTD x FT =

102.9839062605

A 1-2 exchanger will be satisfactory

Tc and tc
0.338
_/(_ )=
AVERAGE FLUID TEMPERATURE
2 KC=

3 Fc =

0.32

Tc=

167.26

tc=

69.60

Water will flow in the tubes to prevent corrosion of tubes

Assuming UD
We are dealing with light organics and water.
The range of Ud for light organic varies from 75 - 150

4 UD=

140

Assuming Area
245.2718896496

=/(_ )

Number of tubes
OD, BWG and length of tube should be already specified
OD.

BWG

13

Length of tube

12

Pitch

Square- 1 1/4

5 a'' =

0.2618
/( )

Number of tubes=
=

79

Assuming tube passes

If too many tube passes are employed then there will be unallowable pressu
Tube passes =

Shell ID
No. of tubes =

79

Tube passes =

Tube OD. =

1 in.

Pitch =
6 Shell ID. =
Actual Number of tubes =

1 1/4 in. square

15.25
76

Corrected coefficient UD
Area =
UD

238.7616
143.8173665738

HOT FLUID: SHELL SIDE, LEAN OIL

Shell ID =

15.25

Passes =

Baffle space =

ID/5
3.05

Clearance between tubes=

AREA
as

3.5
0.25

0.0741319444

MASS VELOCITY
_=/_
567366.744730679

VISCOSITY
At Tc =

EQUIVALENT DIAMETER
7 DE

167.264
0.205
0.4961

0.99
0.0825

REYNOLD'S NUMBER
=(_ _)/
94,351
jH factor
9

195

(/) ^(1/4)
10
ho
_= /_ (/)^(1/4)
_/=

0.135

_/=

319.0909090909

_=

ho =

319.0909090909

For Re =

94,351

12 f =
14 s =

0.0012
0.555

No. of crosses = N + 1
N+1=

12L/B

Ds =

42
1.2708333333

_= (_^2 _ (+1))/(5.22 10 ^10__ )

8.6263972331 psi

OLING OF LEAN OIL

NSFER AREA & FOULING

Lean Oil

lb/hr
F
F
psia
psi

42,060

ft2-h-oF/Btu

0.0030

268
80
27.7
10

Cooling Water

lb/hr
F
F
psia
psi

60
90
14.7
10

ft2-h-oF/Btu

0.0030

mole fraction
4.12E-02
0.2677724405
0.2015110026
0.1619372848
0.1074102084
4.58E-02
6.92E-31
7.21E-31
9.13E-30
7.44E-20
2.32E-16

5.57E-09
5.31E-07
6.42E-02
1.55E-02
0
0
0
2.41E-02
1.16E-02
1.14E-02
0
2.01E-15
9.89E-31
6.12E-05
2.57E-02
0
2.19E-02
0
1

Shell Side

In

Out
Lean Oil
42,060
268

120

39.92
0.6397435897
89.6823647295
0.2039
108
0.5992
5.64E-02
144.6
27.7
10
0.0030

HEAT DU
3722387.3904 btu/hr
124079.57968 lb/hr

3.72E+00

rosion of tubes

om 75 - 150

COLD FLUID

DIFFERENCE
90

t2

178

60
30

t1

60
118

eady specified
in.
in.
in.
ft2/lin ft

en there will be unallowable pressure drop

Shell ID.
12
13.25
15.25
17.25
19.25
21.25

(nearest count)

15.25

IDE, LEAN OIL

in.

in.

ft2

lb/hr .ft2

oF
cP
lb/ft.hr
8
in.
ft.
=(_ _)/

11
11

11
_/_ =_/_ /

PRESSURE DROP

ft2/in2

13
14

ft
_= (_^2 )/(5.22 10

Clean Overall Co-efficient. Uc

=(_ _)/
(_+ _ )
Uc =

226.6584963679
Dirt factor, Rd
= ( )/

Rd =
Rd =

Water
water temperature
water velocity

0.003
0.00254

Fouling Resistance
(ft2-F-hr/BTU)
125F or less
3 ft/sor less
over 3 ft/s

Boiler Blowdown Water

Brackish Water
Condensate
Cooling Tower Water
(treated)
Cooling Tower Water
(untreated)
City or Well Water

0.002
0.002
0.0005

0.002
0.001
0.0005

0.001

0.001

0.003

0.003

0.001

0.001

River Water (minimum)

0.002

0.001

River Water (average)

River Water (muddy or
silty)
Sea Water

0.003

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.0005

0.0005

0.001

0.0005

Treated Boiler Feed Water

Cold Side Fluid Components

1 Cooling Water

Tube Side

In

Out
Cooling Water
124,080
60

90

62.37

62.12

1.1

0.82

HEAT DUTY OF THE EXCHANGER

MMBTU/Hr.

Tube-sheet layouts
For 1in. OD tubes on 1 1/4 in.
Square Pitch
-Table 9 from D.Q Kern, Process
Heat Transfer, page # 841

No. of Tubes
45
56
76
112
132
166

COLD FLUID: TUBE SIDE, WATER

Number of Tubes =
Length of Tubes =
OD
ID
BWG
Pitch
Passes

76
12 in.
1 in.
0.81 in.
13
1.25 in.
2

Flow area per tube

0.515 in2

AREA
at

0.1359027778 ft2

MASS VELOCITY
_=/_
913002.528049054 lb/hr .ft2

VISCOSITY
At tc =

EQUIVALENT DIAMETER
dE

69.6 oF
1 cP
2.42 lb/ft.hr

0.81 in.
0.0675 ft.

REYNOLD'S NUMBER
=(_ _)/
Velocity
=_/3600

25,466

4.0662468069 ft/sec

hi
correction factor =
hi =

0.92
1050

corrected hi =

966

_/_ =_/_ /
782.46
_=

hio =

782.46

For Re =

25,466

f=
s=

0.0002 ft2/in2
1

_= (_^2 )/(5.22 10 ^10__ )

1.1355621847 psi

(for cooling water untreated)

(calculated)

Fouling Resistance
(ft2-F-hr/BTU)
over 125F
3 ft/s or less
over 3 ft/s
0.002
0.003
0.0005

0.002
0.002
0.0005

0.002

0.002

0.005

0.004

0.002

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.004

0.003

0.004

0.003

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

mole fraction
1

D.Q KERN, PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER

1 Fig. 18 pg. 828
2 Fig. 17 pg.827
3 Fig. 17 pg.827
4 Table 8 pg. 840
5 Table 10, pg.843
6 Table 9, pg. 841
7 Fig. 28
8 Table 10, pg.843
9 Fig.28 pg. 838
10 Fig. 16 pg. 826
11 Fig. 25 pg. 835
12 Fig. 29
13 Fig. 26
14 Fig. 6