Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
d dc
dt
(2.1)
2
dc
m
dc
l dc dc g .
2
ww
m
ww
l ww ww g
m dc2
m 2
K fww ww ) g (lww ww ldc dc )
dc
ww
(2.3)
(2.4)
Q
Latent heat (eva) at drum press
(2.5)
W p2
K 2 N pW p K 3 p N p2 .
H Pdr K f Wp2
Wp
2*(
(3.2)
K 2 N p {(K 2 N p ) 2 4(
(2.6)
(3.1)
where
T (Tmww Tw )
(2.10)
(2.2)
K1
K1
K f ) * ( K 3 p N p2 dr )}
(3.3)
Kf )
(3.4)
(2.7)
Tg1
(3.5)
Tg 2
m g C g Tg1 Q1
m g C g
(2.9)
4.
MODELING OF DRUM
Scope 5
wo
m
d
eo m
dc m
s ( sVs wVw ) ,
m
dt
Dr P
Set Pt
(4.2)
Drum level in mm
120
Scope
115
110
105
100
95
(4.3)
The State variables are drum pressure (P) and water volume
( V w ). Thermodynamic constitutive relations used in the
model are given in equation (4.4) and (4.5). For practical
purpose narrow zone of steam table is used.
(4.4)
(4.5)
Polyval
Drm Level
Drum sys
Vw ()10 19 P 2 5 * 10 6 P 0.009
s 0.0068 P 2 1.0478 P 100 .5
Wtr
The model was tested with step command raising the steam
flow by 10 %.
125
w s
PID
PID Controller 2
dVw
dt
F W demand
Wtr V
Dr P
130
d s
d dP
Vw w ]
dp
dp dt
PID
m wo m eo m dc m s [(V Vw )
Stm
ms
Steam flow
50
Fig. 2
100
150
200
250
Time in seconds
300
350
400
(4.6)
160.5
5.
160
159.5
159
158.5
158
157.5
50
100
150
200
250
Time in seconds
300
350
400
150
100
Drum level in mm
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
50
100
150
200
250
300
Time in seconds
350
400
450
Input
X=Feed water flow
Y=Steam flow to Turbine
500
Calculate
dZ dX dY
,
dt
dt
dt
Z
No
dZ
dt
Is
Z= negative
value?
In 1
Out1
In 2
Out1
Related
rate module
steam flow
Stm
Stm F RB
Dr P
100
PID
Set Pt
PID Controller 1
PID
F W demand
BFP
flow limit
under runback
Wtr V
Wtr
Polyval
Drm Level
Drum sys
PID Controller 2
160
Dr P
Command
= f(Y, Z)
Yes
Send control command to
Turbine control valve
Unit
Actual
Simulation
Kg/Sec
169
167
Kg/Sec
179
177
Drum Pressure
Kg/cm
160
160.3
347.9
348
1032
1037
150
Drum level in mm
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
Nomenclature
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time in seconds
160
= area (m2)
am
= diameter (m)
h
= specific enthalpy (J/Kg), heat
transfer co-efficient (W/m2K)
H
= head (Kg/cm2)
= conductivity
= length (m)
= speed (rps)
= pressure (Kg/cm2)
= time (s)
140
120
100
with related rate element
without related rate element
80
60
40
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
tem erature
= volume (m3)
= dryness factor
= level (m)
K)
Time in second
Greek symbol
CONCLUSION
Present work has developed an innovative model referred as
related rate module for controlling drum level during BFP
= density (Kg/m3)
= Stefan-Boltzman constant
= emissivity
= kinematic viscosity
air
= air
dc
= downcomer
dr
= drum
= economiser
= friction factor
fuel
= fuel
= gas
= inlet
= metal
= outlet
= pump
= water
ww
= water wall
Subscripts
steam
REFERENCE
[1]
[2]