Group Member and topics

1.

SHAHZAIB NASAR

2.

KAMRAN ULLAH KHAN

3.

AKBAR KHAN

4.

SHAHZIAB SABAIR

5.

ISRAR ULLAH KHAN

6.

SHER KHAN

 1. Foundation
2.Core or (membrane)

3.Shell
4.Transition Filter
5.Upstream Blanket
6.Internal Drain
7.Riprap

Shahzaib nasar

 8.Toe Drain
9.Rock Toe
10.Trufing
11.Berms

Some othere which are common in dam are

ABUTMENT, CREST, DRAINAGE LAYER OR BLANKET, FREE BOARD etc

Shahzaib nasar

Shahzaib nasar

It consists of either earth or rock and provides a support for the embankment and
resists both vertical and horizontal loads.
It also resists under seepage on the flow of water beneath the dam

Shahzaib nasar

 It form the central impervious section constructed with clayey soil

,silt clay loam etc.

It is compacted at O.M.C it provides water tightness to the dam and

adequate shear resistance against slipping

It holds back the free water of the dam reservoir

It is located either at the centre or upstream from the centre of the

dam.
Kamran ullah khan

 It holds back the free water of the dam

reservoir
It is located either at the centre or upstream
from the centre of the dam.

Kamran ullah khan

 In case of rock fill dams, the core is provided on the upstream face.
To resist the under seepage, the core is extended down into the

foundation till an impervious layer of sufficient thickness is reached.

The extension of the core into the foundation is termed as a cut off.

Kamran ullah khan

 It is constructed with soft rock ,sand and gravel etc .It is compacted

at O.M.C.

It proved a cover to core protecting it from crackiong.

The dams which are constructed of the same materials are called

homogeneous dams.

Which is predominate provides structural support for the core and

distributes the load over the foundation.

It ntly clay-like and relatively impermeable. Depending on the

structures involved, the inclines of the banks will be more or less

steep, depending mainly on the characteristics of the material used.

Small dams can suitably be constructed as homogeneous dams if the

available materials are suitable.

Shahzaib sabair

SHELL

Shahzaib sabair

In core dams, a transition filter is provided between core and shell.

Shahzaib sabair

It is generally provided to prevent the migration of the fine grained

core materials into the pores of the coarse grained shell materials.

In case of difference in particle sizes of the materials of the core and

shell is small, the transition filter is omitted but in case of clay cover
and rock or gravel shell, a transition filter is necessarily provided.

Upstream Blanket
It is a layer of impervious material laid on the upstream side of an

earthen dam where the substratum is pervious, to reduce seepage

and increase the path of flow.
Shahzaib sabair and Akbar khan

 The blanket decreases both the seepage flow and excess pressure on

the downstream side of the dam.

A natural blanket is a cover of naturally occurring soil material of low

permeability.

Akbar khan

 An internal drain is provided on the downstream side of the dam to carry away the

seepage through the core and cut off, and also to prevent the saturation of the
upper part of the downstream shell by rain on the dam.

Akbar khan

 Riprap

Broken stones or rock pieces are placed on the slopes of embankment

particularly the upstream side for protecting the slope against the action of water,
mainly wave action and erosion.
TOE DRAIN
It is a drain constructed at the downstream slope of an earthen dam to collect
and drain away the seepage water collected by the drain filters.

Israr ullah khan

 It is constructed from the rock pieces or boulder larger than 20cm

size .

It helps to prevent slogging of the toe due to the seepage flow and
increase the Stability of dam.

TURFING
It is planting of special type of grass called harali on the downstream
face of the dam
It protects the downstream slope from eroding action of rain water.

Israr ullah khan & Sher khan

 Berms are offset provided on downstream at 8 to 10 m vertical interval from 3m to 5m width .

The object of berms is to collect rain water and dispose it off safely.
To provide roadways for vehicles.
To reduce the velocity of rain water falling on slope.
To provide minimum cover of 2m above the seepage line.

Sher khan

Sher khan