RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyZK evW KZK 2013 wkvel _K

Ag kwYi cvVcyZKi~c wbavwiZ

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

Ag kwY

iPbv
AavcK W. mwg kLi
wgjb ivq

mv`bv
AavcK W. nvqvr gvgy`

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK, evW

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

69-70, gwZwSj evwYwRK GjvKv, XvKv-1000
KZK cKvwkZ|

[cKvkK KZK me^Z msiwZ]

cixvg~jK msiY
c_g cKvk : Avei, 2012

KwDUvi KvR
cvidg Kvjvi Mvwd (cvt) wjt

cQ`
my`kb evQvi
myRvDj Ave`xb

wWRvBb
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

miKvi KZK webvg~j weZiYi Rb|

gy`Y :

cmM-K_v
wkv RvZxq Rxebi meZvgyLx Dbqbi c~ekZ| Avi `yZ cwieZbkxj weki Pvj gvKvejv
Ki evsjv`kK Dbqb I mgwi w`K wbq hvIqvi Rb cqvRb mywkwZ Rbkw| fvlv
Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbvq `k Movi Rb wkv_xi AwbwnZ gav I mvebvi cwic~Y weKvk
mvnvh Kiv gvawgK wkvi AbZg j| GQvov cv_wgK i AwRZ wkvi gwjK vb I `Zv
mcmvwiZ I mymsnZ Kivi gvag DPZi wkvi hvM Ki ZvjvI G ii wkvi Dk|
vbvRbi GB cwqvi wfZi w`q wkv_xK `ki A_bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvswZK I cwiekMZ
cUf~wgi cwZ ` I hvM bvMwiK Ki ZvjvI gvawgK wkvi AbZg weeP welq|
RvZxq wkvbxwZ-2010 Gi j I DkK mvgb iL cwigvwRZ nqQ gvawgK ii
wkvg| cwigvwRZ GB wkvg RvZxq Av`k, j, Dk I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cwZdjb NUvbv
nqQ, mB mv_ wkv_x`i eqm, gav I MnY gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wbaviY Kiv nqQ| GQvov
wkv_xi bwZK I gvbweK g~jeva _K iy Ki BwZnvm I HwZn PZbv, gnvb gywhyi PZbv,
wk-mvwnZ-mswZeva, `kcgeva, cKwZ-PZbv Ges ag-eY-Mv I bvix-cyiyl wbwekl mevi
cwZ mgghv`veva RvMZ Kivi Pv Kiv nqQ| GKwU wevbgb RvwZ MVbi Rb Rxebi
cwZwU wevbi ^Zt~Z cqvM I wWwRUvj evsjv`ki icK-2021 Gi j evevqb
wkv_x`i mg Ki Zvjvi Pv Kiv nqQ|
bZzb GB wkvgi AvjvK cYxZ nqQ gvawgK ii cvq mKj cvVcyK| D cvVcyK
cYqb wkv_x`i mvg_, ceYZv I c~e AwfZvK iyZi m weePbv Kiv nqQ|
cvVcyKjvi welq wbevPb I Dcvcbi wkv_xi mRbkxj cwZfvi weKvk mvabi w`K
weklfve iyZ `Iqv nqQ|
evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ cvVcyKwU GKwesk kZKi m~PbvjM cwiewZZ mgqi cvcU
wkv_x`i Pvwn`v I `wfw evcK cwieZbi cUfwgZ cwigvwRZ KvwiKzjvgi AvjvK Ag
kwYi Rb iPbv Kiv nqQ|
GKwesk kZKi AxKvi I cZqK mvgb iL cwigvwRZ wkvgi AvjvK cvVcyKwU iwPZ
nqQ| KvRB cvVcyKwUi AviI mgwmvabi Rb h Kvbv MVbg~jK I hywmZ civgk
iyZi m weewPZ ne| cvVcyK cYqbi wecyj Kghi ga AwZ ^ mgq cyKwU iwPZ
nqQ| dj wKQy fyjywU _K hZ cvi| cieZx msiYjvZ cvVcyKwUK AviI my`i,
kvfb I ywUgy Kivi Pv AevnZ _vKe| evbvbi AbymZ nqQ evsjv GKvWgx KZK
cYxZ evbvbixwZ|
cvVcyKwU iPbv, mv`bv, bgybv ckvw` cYqb I cKvkbvi KvR hviv AvwiKfve gav I kg
w`qQb Zuv`i abev` vcb KiwQ| cvVcyKwU wkv_x`i Avbw`Z cvV I cZvwkZ `Zv ARb
wbwZ Kie ej Avkv Kwi|
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv

m~wPc
wgK
bs
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.
5.1
5.2
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
7.
7.1
8.
8.1
9.

cvV wkivbvg

cv

fvlv
gvZfvlv I ivfvlv
mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_K
awb I eY
g-djv I e-djvi DPviY
mw
wemM mw
k I c`
wjvii wbqg I D`vniY
eePb MVbi wbqg I D`vniY
wekli kwYwefvM
wb`kK mebvgi ic
avZz I wqvc`
gwjK I mvwaZ avZz
mKgK I AKgK wqv
wqvi Kvj
k MVb
abvZK k, AbyKvi k I kZ
k MVb : cv_wgK aviYv
evK
evK MVbi kZ
L evK, ^vaxb I Aaxb LevK
mij, RwUj I hwMK evKi MVb
weivgwP
Kgv, mwgKvjb, Kvjb I nvBdbi eenvi
evbvb
evbvbi KqKwU mvaviY wbqg
Awfavb

1
2
3
9
14
16
21
25
26
29
33
36
38
40
42
42
48
48
52
55
56
57
58
61
62
66
66
71

wgK
bs
9.1
9.2
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14

cvV wkivbvg

cv

eYvbyg
fzw I kxl k
kv_
GKB k wewfb A_ cqvM Ki evK iPbv
mgv_K k cqvM evK iPbv
wecixZv_K k cqvM evK iPbv
evMaviv
wbwgwZ I Abyaveb kw
mvivsk I mvigg
fvemcmviY
c iPbv : ewMZ c
Ave`b c
wbgY c
ce iPbv
evsjv`ki loFZy
evsjv beel
weRq w`em
Ub gY
gywhy hv`yNi
Avgvi Qjejv
evsjv`ki KlK
`bw`b Rxeb I wevb
Qv Rxebi `vwqZ I KZe
kgi ghv`v
cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv
KggyLx wkv
Aaemvq
^`k cg

71
72
74
74
81
87
88
92
93
97
102
106
110
112
114
115
117
119
122
123
125
126
128
130
131
133
135

c_g cwiQ`

fvlv
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3

fvlv
fvlv
gvZfvlv I ivfvlv
mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_K
Kg-Abykxjb

1. fvlv
1.1 fvlv
gvbyl mwi miv Rxe| Zvi gbi ga me mgqB bvbv eyw ev fvei AvbvMvbv Pj| mB eyw ev
fve Bkvivq, bvbv Afw Ki, Qwe I bvPi gvag cKvwkZ nZ cvi| wKy gyLi awbi mvnvh
evcK cwimi Zv cKvk Kiv hvq| hfveB gbi fve cKvk nvK bv Kb, Gi meB fvlv| Ze
Abvb gvagi Zzjbvq gvbyli gyLi awb AbK ewk A_c~Y nq I Ab eySZ cvi| myZivs
mvaviY K_vq fvlv ejZ evSvq, gvbyli gyL _K ewiq Avmv A_c~Y KZKjv AvIqvR ev awbi
mgw| GB A_c~Y awbB njv fvlvi cvY|
fvlvi msv w`Z wMq W. mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq wjLQb: gbi fve-cKvki Rb, evM&-hi
mvnvh DPvwiZ awb viv wbb, Kvbv wekl RbmgvR eeZ, ^Zfve AewZ, Z_v evK
chy, kmgwK fvlv ej|
A_vr, wbw` RbmgvRi gvbyl gbi fve cKvki Rb gyL w`q Abi evaMg A_c~Y h awb ev
awbmgw DPviY Ki ZvK fvlv ej|
vb, Kvj I mgvRf` fvlvi i~cf` `Lv hvq|
awbi mw nq evMhi mvnvh| gvbyli Mjbvwj, `uvZ, gyLweei, K, wRnv, Zvjy, bvwmKv BZvw`i
mnhvM njv evMh|
h Kvbv awb ev AvIqvRB fvlv bq| mLvb A_ Ges A_i avivevwnKZv _vKv PvB| awbi A_c~Y
wgjb MwVZ nq k| Avi GKvwaK ki mg^q A_i avivevwnKZvq Zwi nq evK|

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

c-cvwLi WvK I gvbyli fvlvi ga cv_K GLvbB| gvbyl GKi ci GK A_evaK kRyo evK
Zwi Ki| evKi ci evK mvwRq GKi gbi fve Abi KvQ cKvk Ki| GB gZv c-cvwLi
ga bB| c-cvwL bvbv AvIqvR Ki wVKB, wKy Zv fvlvi awb, k I evKi gZv Kvbv welq
ev aviYvK avivevwnKfve KiZ cvi bv| mRb c-cvwLi WvK fvlv bq|
vb, Kvj I mgvRf` fvlvi i~cf` nq ej cw_exi me `ki me RbMvxi gvbyli fvlv GK
bq| Avevi GKB fvlvi GK nvRvi eQi AvMi i~c Avi AvRKi i~c e gj bv| hgb, evsjv`ki
AwaKvsk gvbyli fvlv evsjv, wKy Bsjvi gvbyli fvlv BsiwR, dvi gvbyli fvlv divwm, Pxb
`ki AwaKvsk gvbyli fvlv gvvwib BZvw`| Avevi evsjv`k evsjvi cvkvcvwk PvKgv RbMvx
wbR^ Pvsgv fvlvq, Mviv RbMvx Zv`i AvwPK fvlvq K_v ej| cuvP kZ eQi AvMi evsjv fvlv Ges
AvRKi evsjv fvlvI e GK bq| mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi KviY fvlvi~ci GB cwieZb nq| GB
cwieZbkxjZvi KviY fvlvK cengvb b`xi m Zzjbv Kiv nq| cKZc gbi fveK cKvki
Rb wewfb gvbemgvR wfb wfb `k bvbv iKgi k eenvi Ki| GjvB GKK `k GKK
iKg fvlvi Rb w`qQ| cw_exi Kvbv fvlvB wi _vK bv| fvlv wi nq Mj Zv gZfvlvq
cwiYZ nq| cw_exZ mvo wZb nvRvii KvQvKvwQ fvlv cPwjZ AvQ|

1.2 gvZfvlv I ivfvlv

K. gvZfvlv :
gvbyl Rbi ci mvaviYZ c_g Zvi gvqi KvQ cwZcvwjZ nq, ZviB K_v kL| ZvB RbjM _K
^vfvweKfve gvbyl wbRi gvqi KvQ h-fvlvwU wkv cvq, ZvKB Zvi gvZfvlv ej| GwU GKwU
aviYvi cKvkgv| ZvB h wki gv Zvi Rb-gyn~ZB gZzeiY Ki, mB wk hLb eo nq, m wcZv
ev Ab Kvbv AwffveKi Zveavb eo njI Zvi gyLi mvaviY fvlvK gvZfvlvB ej|
evsjv`ki AwaKvsk gvbyl Rbi ci gvqi Kvj Ges gvqi evsjv evj eo nq| evOvwj gvqi GB
eywj evsjv| ZvB evOvwj RvwZi gvZfvlv evsjv| Avevi evsjv`k AbK z` RvwZMvx evm Ki|
Zv`iI c_K gvZfvlv AvQ| evsjv`k QvovI fviZi cwge, wcyiv, Avmvg, wenvi, Dwolv,
SvoL ivR; gvqvbgvii ivLvBb ivR BZvw` vb evsjv fvlvi cPjb iqQ| Gme Aj
AbKiB gvZfvlv evsjv| Zv QvovI hyivR, hyiv, dv, Rvcvb, Awjqv, KvbvWvmn weki e
`kB evsjvfvlx RbMY iqQ| mme vbI evsjv AbKi gvZfvlv| cw_exi cvq wk KvwU
jvKi gvZfvlv evsjv| gvZfvlvi weePbvq mviv wek evsjv fvlvi vb PZz_|

fvlv

L. ivfvlv :
ivxq KvR eenvii Rb Kvbv `ki msweavb^xKZ fvlvK H `ki ivfvlv ej| GKwU
ivi wewfb Aj wfb wfb RbMvxi ga wfb fvlvi eenvi _vKZ cvi| hgb : evsjv`k
evsjv, Pvsgv, AvwPK, gwYcyix fvlv BZvw`; fviZ evsjv, RivwU, wnw`, cvvwe, Kvbvwo fvlv BZvw`;
cvwKvb cvvwe, evjyP, wmw fvlv BZvw`| GZ ivi K`xq ckvmwbK KvR Kvb fvlvZ
cwiPvwjZ ne GB ck Avm| G ck mgvavbK Kvbv Kvbv iv wbw` GK ev GKvwaK fvlvK
ivfvlv wnme ^xKwZ `q| evsjv`ki msweavbi c_g fvMi ZZxq AbyQ` wjwce AvQ :
cRvZi ivfvlv evsjv|
ivi mevwaK gvbyli evaMg fvlv wnme mvaviYZ ivfvlv ^xKZ nq _vK| G fvlvq ivi
AfixY iyZc~Y KgKv, hgb : wkvc`vb, cvVM cYqb, mvwnZiPbv, msev`c cKvk,
mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyvb cwiPvjbv, `wjj-`veR wjLb, ivxq bw_c wjwceKiY BZvw` mb
nq| cvwKvbi ivfvlv fvlv D`y wKy `vwiK fvlv wnme D`yi cvk BsiwRKI ^xKwZ `Iqv
nqQ| fviZ cRvZi msweavb^xKZ Kvbv ivfvlv ev RvZxq fvlv bv _vKjI `vwiK
KvRKgi fvlv wnme wnw`i cvkvcvwk BsiwR ^xKZ| fviZi ivRjvZ ckvmwbK Kg AvwjK
fvlvmg~n eenvi nq| cwge, wcyiv, SvoL ivR Ges Avmvg ivRi eivK DcZKvi AbZg
ckvmwbK fvlv evsjv|

1.3 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_K

cw_exi me DbZ fvlvi gZv evsjv fvlviI GKvwaK Avjv`v i~c AvQ : GKwU ejvi fvlv ev gwLK i~c,
AciwU jLvi fvlv ev jwLK i~c| fvlvi gwLK i~ci Avevi `yUv ixwZ iqQ, h_v : AvwjK ixwZ I
cwgZ ixwZ| Aci w`K jwLK i~ciI `yUv Avjv`v ixwZ AvQ, hgb : PwjZ ixwZ I mvay ixwZ|
evsjv fvlvi G cKvi ev ixwZ-f` wbPi QKi mvnvh `Lvb njv :
evsjv fvlv
gwLK
AvwjK

jwLK
cwgZ

PwjZ

mvay

AvwjK fvlvixwZ : evsjv`ki wewfb Aji evOvwj RbMvx gyL gyL h fvlvixwZZ gbvfve e
Ki m fvlvixwZB evsjvi AvwjK fvlvixwZ bvg AwfwnZ| A_vr Ajf` evsjv fvlvi cPwjZ
K_i~cKB AvwjK fvlvixwZ ej|

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

hgb evsjv`ki PMvg Aji AvwjK fvlvixwZ: JM&Mvqv gvBb&li `yqv cvqv AvwQj&| A_vr
GKRb jvKi `ywU Qj wQj| AvwjK fvlvK Dcfvlv ej| AvwjK fvlvq ki ewewP i~c
`Lv hvq| hgb: Qj kwU Ajf` Qvqvj, QvIqvj, Qvevj, QBj, cvjv, cvqv, cyiv, evUv,
evWv, cyZ, Z BZvw` DPvwiZ nq|
cwgZ fvlvixwZ : wewfb fvlvixwZ Kvjg cwigvwRZ nq mevi MnYhvM GKwU i~c jvf Ki| GB
fvlvixwZ mvaviYZ wkwZ jvKi K_vevZv I wbZeenvi Aviv AvKlYxq nq| fvlvI h kgmva,
chZj Ges kLvi Kvbv welq cwgZ fvlvixwZ Zvi cgvY| GK K_vq, fvlvi meRbMvn I
mgKvji mevP gvwRZ i~cKB cwgZ fvlvixwZ ej|
hgb: GKRbi `yUv Qj wQj|
mvay fvlvixwZ : h fvlvixwZ AwaKZi Mvxhc~Y, Zrmg kej, wqvc`i i~c cvPxbixwZ Abymvix
Ges AvwjKZvgy Zv-B mvay fvlvixwZ|
hgb: GK ewi `yBwU cy wQj|
GB ixwZ GLb ay wjwLZ M` cwi` nq|
PwjZ fvlvixwZ : fvMxi_x b`xi ZxieZx vbmg~ni gwLK fvlvixwZ gvbyli gyL gyL i~cvi jvf
Ki cv`wkK kvewj MnY Ges PgrKvi evK&fwi mnhvM Mo IV| GB fvlvixwZKB PwjZ
fvlvixwZ ej| GB ixwZ gwLK I wjwLZ Dfq B AvKlYxq I Av`iYxq|
hgb: GKRb jvKi `ywU Qj wQj|

mvay fvlvixwZi ewk

K. mvay fvlvi i~c AcwieZbxq| Ajf` ev Kvjg Gi Kvbv cwieZb nq bv|
L. G fvlvixwZ evKiYi mywbavwiZ wbqg AbymiY Ki Pj| Gi c`webvm mywbqwZ I
mywbw`|
M. mvay fvlvixwZZ Zrmg ev msZ ki eenvi ewk ej G fvlvq GK cKvi AvwfRvZ I Mvxh
AvQ|
N. mvay fvlvixwZ ay jLvq eenvi nq| ZvB K_vevZv, eZv, fvlY BZvw`i DchvMx bq|
O. mvay fvlvixwZZ mebvg I wqvc`i c~Yi~c eeZ nq|

PwjZ fvlvixwZi ewk

K. PwjZ fvlv meRbMvn gvwRZ I MwZkxj fvlv| ZvB GwU gvbyli K_vevZv I jLvi fvlv wnme
MnxZ nqQ| GwU cwiZbkxj|

fvlv

L. G fvlvixwZ evKiYi cvPxb wbqgKvbyb w`q me`v evLv Kiv hvq bv|
M. PwjZ fvlvixwZZ AcvKZ mnR-mij ki eenvi ewk ej GwU ek mvejxj, PUzj I Rxe|
N. ejvi I jLvi fvlv ejB G fvlv eZv, fvlY, bvUKi msjvc I mvgvwRK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi Rb
AZ DchvMx|
O. PwjZ fvlvixwZZ mebvg I wqvc`i mswi~c eeZ nq|
mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi ga bvbvw`K _K ek wKQz cv_KI iqQ| G `yB fvlvixwZi ewk
_KB Zvi aviYv cvIqv hvq| wbP mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi KqKwU cv_K `Lvb njv :
mvay fvlvixwZ

PwjZ fvlvixwZ

1. mvay fvlvixwZ meRbMvn jLvi fvlv|

1. PwjZ fvlvixwZ meRbeva gyLi I jLvi fvlv|

2. mvay fvlvixwZ me mgq evKiYi wbqg

gb Pj|

2. PwjZ fvlv me mgq evKiYi cvPxb wbqg gb

Pj bv|

3. mvay fvlvq c`webvm ixwZ mywbw`|

3. PwjZ fvlvq c`webvmixwZ AbK mgq

cwiewZZ nq|

4. mvay fvlvq Zrmg ev msZ ki

eenvi ewk|

4. PwjZ fvlvq Zrmg ev msZ ki

eenvi Kg|

5. mvay fvlv eZv I fvlYi

DchvMx bq|

5. PwjZ fvlv eZv, fvlY I bvUKi msjvci

DchvMx|

6. mvay fvlvq mebvg, wqv I Aeq

c`i c~Yi~c eeZ nq|

6. PwjZ fvlvq mebvg, wqv I Aeqc`i

mswi~c eeZ nq|

7 .mvay fvlv iyMxi, `yeva I gi|

7. PwjZ fvlv PUzj, mij I mvejxj|

8. mvay fvlvixwZ AcwieZbxq, ZvB Kwg|

8. PwjZ fvlvixwZ cwieZbkxj, ZvB Rxe|

wbPi KqKwU mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi cv_K `Lv hvq| h_v :

1. weklc`i i~c
2. mebvgc`i i~c
3. wqvc`i i~c
4. Aeqc`i i~c

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

1. weklc`i i~ci cv_K

mvay

PwjZ

AwM

Avb

KY

Kvb

P`

Puv`

`uvZ

cx

cvwL

evN

evN

grm

gvQ

nx

nvwZ

2. mebvgc`i i~ci cv_K

mvay

PwjZ

GB

Bnv

BnvK

GK

Bnv`i

G`i

Dnv

Dnvw`Mi

I`i

KvnvK

KvK

Kn

KD

Zvnv

Zv

Zvnvi

Zvi

hvnv

hv

hvnv`i

hv`i

fvlv

3. wqvc`i i~ci cv_K

mvay

PwjZ

Avwmqv

Gm

Kwiqv

Ki

KwiqvQ

KiQ

LvBZwQj

LvwQj

wMqvwQj

MwQj

NygvBZQ

NygvQ

Pwjj

Pjj

Pvwnqv

Pq

RvjvBqv

Rj

WvwKZQ

WvKQ

wb`v hvIqv

Nygvbv

cwoe

coe

cvi nBqv

cwiq

dzwUqv DwVqvQ

dzU DVQ

ewjqvwQjb

ejwQjb

ewjqv

ej

ewjZ _vwKe

ejZ _vKe

fvwOqv hvBZ jvwMj

fO hZ jvMj

j c`vb Kwij

jvd w`j

wbj

bj

wbqvwQj

bwQj

kqb Kwijb

jb

keY Kwijvg

bjvg

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4. Aeqc`i i~ci cv_K

mvay

PwjZ

A`

AvR

A`vwc

AvRI

K`vP

KLbv

Z_vwc

ZeyI

bPr

bBj

bZzev

bBj

cvqk

cvqB

h`vwc

hw`I

mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi D`vniY

mvay fvlvixwZ
Dcbvmi Abyi~c Kvbv e Avgv`i cvPxb mvwnZ LuywRqv cvIqv hvq bv| ay Avgv`i `k ewjqv
bn, cw_exi Kvbv `kiB cyivZb mvwnZ Dcbvmi `kb wgj bv| Dcbvmi cavb weklZB GB
h, Bnv m~Y AvaywbK mvgMx|

PwjZ fvlvixwZ
GK GK Mvwojv Qo w`j, Avgvi MvwoUvI PjZ iy Kij| kb `~i bq, mLvb cuQ
bvgZ wMq `wL AwZw_ `uvwoq| wKi, GLvbI GmwQm? m jR bo Zvi Reve w`j, Kx Rvwb
gvb Zvi Kx!

Kg-Abykxjb
1. gvbyl fvlvi mvnvh gbi Kx Kx fve cKvk KiZ cvi Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
2. GKRb fvlvwe`i bvg DjL Ki fvlv mK wZwb h msv w`qQb Zv jL|
3. Avgvi Kvh Avwg KwiqvwQ| GY Zvnvw`Mi BQv nBj AvgvK cyivi c`vb Kwie|
GB iKg Ki mvay fvlvq `kwU evK Zwi Ki| Zvici mjvK PwjZ fvlvq
i~cvi Ki `LvI|
4. Zvgvi cwVZ GKwU M _K wewfb c`i GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki| Zvici mjvi
mvayi~ci mvnvh `kwU evK iPbv Ki|

wZxq cwiQ`

awb I eY
2. awb I eY
2.1 awb I eY
2.2 g-djv I e-djvi DPviY
Kg-Abykxjb

2. awb I eY
1.1 awb I eY
K. awb

Kvbv fvlvi DPvwiZ kK weklY Kij h Dcv`vbmg~n cvIqv hvq mjvK c_Kfve awb
ej| awbi m mvaviYZ A_i mswkZv _vK bv| awb Zwi nq evMhi mvnvh| awb
ZwiZ hme evK&-cZ mnvqZv Ki mjv njv dzmdzm, Mjbvwj, wRnv, Zvjy, gvwo, `uvZ,
VuvU, bvK BZvw`| gvbyl dzmdzmi mvnvh kvm MnY I ZvM Ki| dzmdzm _K evZvm evBi
Avmvi mgq gyLi wewfb RvqMvq evav cvq| dj gyL bvbv aibi awbi mw nq| Ze me
awbB mefvlv MnY Ki bv|
evsjv fvlvq eeZ awbjvK cavbZ `yfvM fvM Kiv nq : 1. ^iawb 2. ebawb|
1. ^iawb : h awb Ab awbi mvnvh Qvov wbRB m~Yfve DPvwiZ nq Ges hvK
Avkq Ki Ab awbi mRb nq ZvK ^iawb ej| evsjv fvlvq gwjK ^iawb
7wU| h_v : A, Av, B, D, G, I, Av|
2. ebawb : h awb ^iawbi mvnvh Qvov i~c DPvwiZ nZ cvi bv Ges h
awb mvaviYZ Ab awbK Avkq Ki DPvwiZ nq, ZvK ebawb ej| hgb :
K& , L& , M& , N& , c& , m& BZvw`| GB awbjvK cKfve kywZhvM Ki DPviY
KiZ nj ^iawbi Avkq wbZ nq| hgb : (K&+A=) K; (M&+A=) M; (c&+A=) c
BZvw`|

10

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

L. eY
awb gvbyli gyLwbtmZ evqy _K m, ZvB Gi Kvbv AvKvi bB| Gjv gvbyl gyL DPviY
Ki Ges Kvb kvb| fvlv wjL cKvk Kivi myweav_ awbjvi cwZwbwa wnme wKQz cZxK
Zwi Kiv nqQ| GB cZxKi bvg eY| A_vr Kvbv fvlv wjLZ hme awb-`vZK cZxK ev
wP eeZ nq ZvK eY ej| GB eYmg~ni mgwB njv eYgvjv|
evsjv awbi gZv eYI ZvB `ycKvi : 1. ^ieY, 2. ebeY|
1. ^ieY : ^iawbi wjwLZ wP ev cZxKK ejv nq ^ieY| evsjv fvlvq gwjK
^iawb 7wU| wKy ^ieY 11wU| h_v : A, Av, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J|
2. ebeY : ebawbi wjwLZ wP ev cZxKK ebeY ejv nq| evsjv fvlvq
ebeY 39wU| h_v :
K

n
r

eYgvjv : Kvbv fvlv wjLZ h awb-`vZK cZxK ev wPmg~n eeZ nq Zvi mgwB njv
eYgvjv| evsjv fvlvq eeZ eYmg~nK GK evsjv eYgvjv ej|
evsjv eYgvjvq gvU 50wU eY AvQ|
evsjv eYgvjvq ^ieYi wjwLZ i~c `ywU : 1. c~Yi~c 2. msw i~c|
1. ^ieYi c~Yi~c : evsjv fvlv jLvi mgq Kvbv k ^vaxbfve ^ieY emj Zvi c~Yi~c
eeZ nq| hgb :
ki c_g : AbK, AvKvk, Bwjk, DwKj, FY, GK |
ki ga : e`yBb, evDj, cvDiywU, AvenvIqv|
ki kl : eB, eD, hvI|

awb I eY

11

2. ^ieYi msw i~c : A-wfb Ab ^ieYjv ebeYi m mshy nj c~Yi~ci e`j

msw i~c cwiMn Ki| ^ieYi G aibi mswi~cK Kvi ej| ^ieYi Kvi-wP
10wU| h_v :
Av-Kvi ( v ) gv, evev, XvKv|
B-Kvi ( w ) wKwb, wPwb, wgwb|
C-Kvi ( x ) kkx, mxgvbv, ixwZ|
D-Kvi ( y ) KzKzi, cyKzi, `ycyi|
E-Kvi ( ~ ) f~Z, g~j, m~wP|
F-Kvi ( ) KlK, ZY, cw_ex|
G-Kvi ( ) Pqvi, Uwej, gq|
H-Kvi ( ) Zwi, eix, bFZ|
I-Kvi ( v ) LvKv, cvKv, evKv|
J-Kvi ( ) bKv, gmywg, cl|
evsjv eYgvjvq ebeYiI `ywU wjwLZ i~c iqQ : 1. c~Yi~c 2. msw i~c|
1. ebeYi c~Yi~c : ebeYi c~Yi~c ki c_g, ga ev kl ^vaxbfve em|
ki c_g : KweZv, covkvbv, UMi|
ki ga : KvKwj, Lyjbv, dzUej|
ki kl : Avg, kxZj, wmjU|
2. ebeYi msw i~c : AbK mgq ^ieY ev ebeYi m mshy nIqvi Rb
ebeYi AvKvi msw nq hvq| ebeYi GB msw i~cK djv ej| ebeYi
djv-wP 6wU| h_v :
b / Y-djv ( b / Y ) wP, wewfb, hZ; / c~evn, Acivn|
e-djv ( e ) cK, wek, awb|
g-djv ( g ) cv, gyn`, Zbq, wPbq|
h-djv ( ) LvwZ, Uvsiv, evsK|
i-djv ( ) q, Mn, id ( ) - KK, eY|
j-djv (j ) Kv, cxnv, Agvb|

12

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

evsjv eYgvjvi ^i I ebeY DPviYvb I awbcKwZ Abyhvqx webZ|

eYi DPviY vb
DPviYvb Abymvi ^i I ebeYjvi bvg wbPi QK `Lvbv njv :

eY

DPviYvb

DPviYvb Abymvi eYi bvg

A, Av, K, L, M, N, O, n

K ev wRnvg~j

K ev wRnvg~jxq eY

B, C, P, Q, R, S, T, h, q, k

Zvjy

Zvje eY

D, E, c, d, e, f, g

I eY

F, U, V, W, X, Y, i, o, p, l

g~av

g~ab eY

G, H

K I Zvjy

KZvje eY

I, J

K I I

K eY

Z, _, `, a, b, j, m

` eY

At e

` I I

` eY

eYi DPviY cKwZ

A : A-Gi DPviY `y iKg :
^vfvweK (A-Gi gZv) : AR (ARv), AKvj (AKvj&), K_v (K_v), kc_ (kc_&) ,
Y (Lb&), Rvj (Rb&Rvj&), Mqbv (Mq&bv), Ni (Ni&)|
weKZ (I-Gi gZv) : AwZ (IwZ), b`x (bvw`), Awfavb (Iwfavb&), AZby (AZvby),
mygwZ (mygvwZ), gb (gbv), gM (gMv)|
Av : Av-Gi DPviYI `y iKg :
^vfvweK (Av-Gi gZv) : AvMvgx (AvMvwg), Avgiv (Avg&iv), Avkv (Avkv), AvKvk
(AvKvk&), Avjv (Avjv)|
weKZ (Av-Gi gZv) : vb (Muvb&), weLvZ (weK&LvZv)|

awb I eY

13

G : G-Gi `y iKg DPviY nq :

^vfvweK (G-Gi gZv) : GKwU (GK&wU), KK (KK&), KUwj (KU&wj), gq (gq),
eb (eb&), gl (gk&)|
weKZ (Av-Gi gZv) : GK (AvK&), Ljv (Lvjv), ejv (evjv), Kb (Kvbv),
hb (hvbv)|
O : O Ges s (Aby^vi)-Gi DPviY As nq :
evO (evs), evOvwj (evsAvwj), ewg (eswKg&), iO (is)|
T : T-Gi DPviY wZb iKg nq :
^Z T : BuA-Gi gZv : wgT (wguqv), wgTv (wguqv)|
hy T + P/Q/R/S : b-Gi gZv : Aj (Ab&Pj&), evv (evb&Qv), eb (evb&Rvb&),
Sv (Sb&Sv)|
hy R +T : Mu& ev M&Mu-Gi gZv : vb (Muvb&), h (hvM&Muv)|
k, l, m : Gjvi KqK iKg DPviY nq :
^Z k-Gi gZv : kw (kvK&wZ), gkv (gkv), kvmb (kvkvb&), mwPe ( kvwPe&),
mvwnZ ( kvwnZ&Zv), luvo (kuvo&), l (kk&Vv)|
hy k + P/Q : k-Gi gZv : wbq (wbk&Pq&), wki` (wkivk&Q`)|
hy k + b/i : BsiwR s-Gi gZv : ck (cvm&bv), kg (mvg&)|
hy k + F/j : BsiwR s-Gi gZv : kMvj (mMvj&), kvK (mvK&)|
hy k + e/g/h : ki c_g k/ku : kvm (kvk&), kZ (kZ&), kkvb (kukvb&),
kk~ (kuvm&iy)|
ki ga/kl k&k : wbtkvm (wbk&kvk&), wek (wek&kv), iwk
(ivk&wku), `k (`k&kv)|
hy l + U/V : k-Gi gZv : wgvb (wgk&Uvb&bv), Abyvb (Ibyk&Vvb&), lx (kvk&wV)|
hy m + Z/_ : BsiwR s-Gi gZv : wbZvi (wbm&Zvi), `y (`ym&_v)|
hy m + b/i : ki c_g BsiwR s : mvb& (snvb), mn (snnv), mv (mvk&Uv),
mvZ ( mvZ&)|
ki ga/kl m&m : mmn (km&mnv)|

14

evsjv evKiY wbwgZ

hy m + e/g : ki c_g k/ku : ^Y (ki&b&bv), iY (kuivb&)|

ki ga/kl kk&/m&m : me^ (ki&&evk&kv), mwZ (km&wgZv)|

2.2 g-djv I e-djvi DPviY

g-djvi DPviY
K. c`i c_g g-djv _vKj m eYi DPviY wKQzUv SuvK co Ges mvgvb bvwmK^i
nq| hgb : kkvb ( kukvb&), iY (kuivb&)|
KLbv KLbv g AbyPvwiZ _vKZ I cvi| hgb : wZ (mwZ ev muwZ)|
L. c`i ga ev kl g-djv hy nj DPviY m eYi wZ nq Ges mvgvb bvwmK^i nq|
hgb : AvZxq (AvZ&wZuq), c (c`&`uv), weq (wek&kuq), f~c (fk&kuvm&Zzc&), f
(fk&kuv), iwk (ivk&wku)|
M. M, O, U, Y, b, ev j eYi m g-djv hy nj, g-Gi DPviY eRvq _vK| hy ebi
c_g eYi ^i jy nq| hgb : evMx (evM&wg), gbq (gb&gq), Rb (Rb&gv), j (j&gv)|

e-djvi DPviY
K. ki c_g e-djv hy nj DPviY ay m eYi Dci AwZwi SuvK co|
hgb : KwPr (KvwPr), wZ (w`Z&Zv), kvm (kvk&), ^Rb (kRvb), (`b&`v)|
L. ki ga ev kl e-djv hy nj hy ebwUi wZ DPviY nq| hgb : wekvm
(wek&kvk&), cK (cK&Kv), Ak (Ak&kv), wej (wej&jv)|
M. mwRvZ k hy e-djvq e-Gi DPviY eRvq _vK| hgb : w`wMRq (w`M&weRq),
w`Mjq (w`M&ejq)|
N. ki ga ev kl e ev g-Gi m e-djv hy nj e-Gi DPviY eRvq _vK|
hgb : wZeZ (wZe&eZ). j^ (jg&ev)|
O. Dr DcmMi m e-djv hy nj e-Gi DPviY envj _vK| hgb : Dv
(D`&evm&Zz), Dj (D`&ej&)|

awb I eY

15

Kg-Abykxjb
1. Zvgvi `yB ezi Avjvc gb w`q kvb| Zvici Zv`i h DPviYjv Zvgvi KvQ A
gb nq Zv LvZvq wjL Zvgvi wkKK `wLq wbRK hvPvB Ki|
2. e-djvhy evbvb e-Gi DPviY KLb envj _vK? m~mn 10wU k jL|
3. GKw`b weKj n` mvey evwoi DVvb _K gv gv ej wPrKvi KiZ KiZ Ni XzKj|
wPrKvi b RZzb wewe nKPwKq IV| m ivbvNi wQj| `yZ cvKkvjv _K ewiq Gm
mveyK wRm Ki: Kx i ? GZv wPi cvom& Kvb?
DZvsk hme Kvi-Gi eenvi AvQ, mjvi avivevwnK ZvwjKv cZ Ki|
Kvijvi cZKwU w`q `yUv bZzb k Zwi Ki|
4. kkvb cuQ kigkvBqi kkei wZ iY njv| wMqwQjb wekbv_eveyi mrKvi mb
KiZ cv b`xi cvo| wdi Gjb fveZ nq, kky gyb Ki|
GLvb Kvb Kvb djv eenvi Kiv nqQ, mjv DjL Ki|
DZvsk Aej^b kkvb, ki, iY, mb, kk kvewji DPviY jL|

ZZxq cwiQ`

mw
3. mw
3.1 mw
3.2 wemM mw
Kg-Abykxjb
3. mw
3.1 mw
gvbyl K_v ejvi mgq K_vi MwZ ew cvq| `yZ K_v ejvi mgq KLbv KLbv KvQvKvwQ _vKv `yUv
awbi DPviY GKwZ nq hvq| evKiY GK mw ejv nq| hgb : Avwg we`v Avjq hve|
evKwU ejvi mgq Avwg we`vjq hve nq hvq| GLvb we`v-Gi Av-awb Ges Avjq-Gi
Av-awb wgj MQ| W. gyn` knx`yjvn& wjLQb : `ywU eY AZ wbKUeZx nj DPviYi myweavi
Rb Dfqi wgjb nq GK eY ev GKi i~cvi ev GKi jvc ev Dfqi i~cvi nj Gi~c wgjbK
mw ej|
GB msvi AvjvK ejv Pj : cvkvcvwk AewZ `yUv awbi wgjbi dj hw` GK awb mw nq,
Ze ZvK mw ej|
mw ki A_ wgjb| `yUv awbi mwZ c_g ki kl awb Ges cii ki c_g awbi wgjb
NU| mwi dj bZzb bZzb ki mw nq| K_v ejvi mgq ki DPviY mnR nq| fvlv msw
nq Ges bZ fvjv jvM|
mwZ awbi Pvi aibi wgjb nq :
1. Dfq awb wgj GKwU awb nq|
2. GKwU awb e`j hvq|
3. GKwU awb jvc cvq|
4. Dfq awbi e`j bZzb awbi mw nq|

mw

17

evsjv mw `y cKvi : 1. ^imw, 2. ebmw|

1.

^imw : ^iawbi m ^iawbi wgjb h mw nq, ZvK ^imw ej| hgb :

mvbv + Avwj = mvbvwj
iycv + Avwj = iycvwj
wg_v + DK = wg_yK
Kzwo + GK = KzwoK
b`x + Gi = b`xi
gv + Gi = gvqi

2. ebmw : ^iawbi m ebawb wKsev ebawbi m ebawb wgwjZ nq h

mw nq, ZvK ebmw ej| hgb :
KuvPv + Kjv = KuvPKjv
bvwZ + e = bvZe
QvU + `v = Qvo`v
Dr + PviY = DPviY
Avi + bv = Avbv
Pvi + wU = Pvw
evsjv fvlvq AbK msZ k Kvbv iKg cwieZb Qvov eeZ nq| GjvK Zrmg k ej|
Gme Zrmg ki mw msZi wbqgB nq| ZvB msZi wbqg gb evsjv fvlvq eeZ Zrmg
ki mw 3 cKvi| h_v : K. ^imw
L. ebmw 3. wemMmw

K. ^imw : mnRm~ I D`vniY

1. A, Av awbi mw
m~
A + A = Av ( v )

D`vniY
be + Ab = bevb

D`vniY
cig + AYy = cigvYy

A + Av = Av ( v )

Rj + Avkq = Rjvkq

cvV + AvMvi = cvVvMvi

Av + A = Av ( v )

K_v + AgZ = K_vgZ

Avkv + AZxZ = AvkvZxZ

Av + Av = Av ( v )

we`v + Avjq = we`vjq

gnv + Avkq = gnvkq

B+B=C(x)

AwZ + BZ = AZxZ

iwe + B` = iex`

B+C=C(x)

cwi + Cv = cixv

Awa + Cki = Aaxki

C+B=C(x)

kPx + B` = kPx`

gnx + B` = gnx`

C+C=C(x)

kx + Ck = kxk

cw_ex + Cki = cw_exki

KUz + Dw = KU~w
jNy + Ewg = jN~wg

giy + D`vb = gi~`vb

e + Ea = en~a

2. B, C awbi mw

3. D, E awbi mw
D+D=E(~)
D+E=E(~)

18

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

E+D=E(~)
E+E=E(~)
2. A/Av, B/C awbi mw
A/Av + B/C = G ()

3. A/Av, D/E awbi mw

A/Av + D/E = I ( v)

4. A/Av, F awbi mw
A/Av + F = Ai ( )
A/Av + FZ = Avi
5. A/Av, G/H awbi mw
A/Av + G/H = H ()

ea~ + Drme = ea~rme

f~ + Ea = f~a

ea~ + Dw = ea~w

^ + BQv = ^Qv
Ac + Cv = Acv

h_v + B = h_
gnv + Cki = gnki

m~h + D`q = m~hv`q

Pj + Ewg = Pjvwg

K_v + DcK_b = K_vcK_b

gnv + Ewg = gnvwg

`e + Fwl = `ewl
kxZ + FZ = kxZvZ

ivRv + Fwl = ivRwl

zav + FZ = zavZ

Rb + GK = RbK
Z_v + Ge = Z_e

gZ + HK = gZK
gnv + Hkh = gnkh

Rj + IKv = RjKv

gnv + Ilwa = gnlwa

wP + J`vh = wP`vh

gnv + Jla = gnla

6. A/Av, I/J awbi mw

A/Av + I/ J = J ( )

7. B/C-Gi ci wfb awbi mw

B/C + A/Av = h (/v)
AwZ + A = AZ
b`x + A^y = b`^y
B/C + D/E = h (y/~)
AwZ + Dw = AZyw
B/C + G = h ( )
cwZ + GK = cZK

BwZ + Avw` = BZvw`

gmx + Avavi = gmvavi
cwZ + El = cZzl

8. D/E-Gi ci wfb awbi mw

E/E + A/Av = e/ev
my + A = ^
D/E + B/C = we/ex
Aby + BZ = Aw^Z
D/E + G = e
Aby + GlY =AlY

my + AvMZ = ^vMZ
Zby + C = Z^x

mw

19

9.

G/H-Gi ci wfb awbi mw

G/H + A/ Av = Aq/ Avq b + Ab = bqb

10.I/J-Gi ci wfb awbi mw

I/J + A/Av = Ae/Ave
cv + Ab = ceb
c + AK = cveK
I/J + B = Awe/Avwe
cv + B = cwe
I/J + D = Avey
f + DK = fveyK
I/J + G = Ae
Mv + GlYv = MelYv

b + AK = bvqK

Mv + Avw` = Mevw`
b + BK = bvweK

L. ebmw : cwiwPZ m~ I D`vniY

1. ^iawb + ebawbi mw
A + Q = Q
Av + Q =Q
B + Q = Q
D + Q = Q
2.

ebawb + ^iawbi mw
K+A=M
U + Av = W> o
Z+A=`
c+A=e

c + Q` = cQ`
K_v + Qj = K_vQj
cwi + Q` = cwiQ`
Ziy + Qvqv = ZiyQvqv

w`K& + A = w`M
lU& + Avbb = lovbb
Zr + A = Z`
myc& + A = mye

3. ebawb + ebawbi mw
Z + P/Q = P/Q
Dr + PviY = DPviY
` + P/Q = P/Q
wec` + Pq = wecPq
Z + R/S = /
hver + Rxeb = hvexeb
`+R=
wec` + RbK = wecbK
Z+W=
Dr + Wxb = Dxb
Z + j = j
Dr + wjwLZ = DwjwLZ
Z + k = Q
Pjr + kw = PjQw
Z+n=
Zr + wnZ = ZwZ
`+n=
c` + nwZ = cwZ

Dr + Q` = DQ`
wec` + Qvqv = wecQvqv
Kzr + SwUKv = KzwUKv

20

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

K& + ` = M& + `

evK& + `vb = evM&`vb

K& + e = M& + e

w`K& + weRq = w`wMRq

U& + h = W& >o + h

lU& + h = loh

Z& + M = `& + M

Dr + wMiY = D`&wMiY

Z& + N = `& + N

Dr + NvUb = D`&NvUb

Z& + e = `& +e

Dr + eb = Db

Z& + f = `& + f

Dr + fe = De

Z& + i = `& + i

Zr + i~c = Z`~c

K& + b = O + b

w`K& + wbYq = w`KwbYq

Z& + g = b + g

Zr + ga = Zba

Z& + b = b

Dr + bwZ = DbwZ

RMr + bv_ = RMbv_

Z& + g = b

Zr + gq = Zbq

gr + gq = gbq

g& + K = O/s + K

kg& + Kv = kv

mg& + KxY = msKxY

g& + L = s + L

mg& + Lv = msLv

g& + M = s + M

mg& + MxZ = msMxZ

g& + N = s + N

mg& + NvZ = msNvZ

g& + P =

mg& + Pq = mq

g& + Z =

mg& + Zvc = mvc

g& + ` = `

mg& + `kb = m`kb

g& + a =

mg& + avb = mvb

g& + b = b

wKg& + bi = wKbi

g& + h = s + h

mg& + hg = mshg

g& + i = s + i

mg& + iY = msiY

g& + k = s + k

mg& + kq = mskq

g& + n = s + n

mg& + nvi = msnvi

mw

21

3.2 wemMmw
wemM (t )-Gi m ^iawb wKsev ebawbi h mw nq, ZvK wemMmw ej| DPviYi
w`K _K wemM `y iKg :
1. i&-RvZ wemM : ki kl i& _vKj DPviYi mgq i& jvc cvq Ges i&-Gi RvqMvq wemM (t)
nq| DPviY i& eRvq _vK| hgb : Ai > At + MZ = AMZ
( Ab&Zvi&MZv )|
6. m&-RvZ wemM : ki kl m& _vKj mwi mgq m& jvc cvq Ges m&-Gi RvqMvq wemM
( t ) nq| DPviY m& eRvq _vK| hgb : bgm& > bgt + Kvi = bgvi ( bgvk&Kvi& )|
wemMmw `y fve mvwaZ nq :

1. wemM ( t ) I ^iawb wgj

2. wemM ( t ) I ebawb wgj|

1. wemM I ^iawbi mw
K. A-awbi m wemM Ges ci A-awb _vKj wemM I A-awb j I-Kvi nq| hgb :
ZZt + AwaK = ZZvwaK

hkt + Awfjvl = hkvwfjvl

eqt + AwaK = eqvwaK

L. A-awbi m wemM Ges ci A, Av, D-awb _vKj wemM I A-awb wgj i nq| hgb :
cybt + AwaKvi = cybiwaKvi

cvZt + Avk = cvZivk

cybt + Avew = cybivew

cybt + D = cybiy

2. wemM I ebawbi mw
K. A-awbi m wemM Ges ci eMi 3q/ 4_/ 5g awb A_ev h, i, j, n _vKj wemM I
A-awb j i-RvZ wemM i/ id ( ) Ges m-RvZ wemM I-Kvi nq| hgb :
i-RvZ wemM : i
At + MZ = AMZ

cybt + Rb = cybRb

At + avb = Aavb

cybt + evi = cybevi

At + fz = Afz

cybt + wgjb = cybwgjb

22

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

m-RvZ wemM : I
gbt + MZ = gbvMZ

m`t + RvZ = m`vRvZ

wZit + avb = wZivavb

Zct + eb = Zcveb

Aat + gyL = AavgyL

gbt + hvM = gbvhvM

gbt + ig = gbvig

gbt + jvfv = gbvjvfv

gbt + ni = gbvni
L. wemMi ci P/Q _vKj wemMi j k; U/V _vKj l Ges Z/_ _vKj m nq| hgb :
wbt + Pq = wbq

wkit + Q` = wki`

`yt + Pwi = `ywi

wbt + wQ` = wbw`

abyt + Uvi = abyvi

wbt + Vzi = wbzi

PZzt + Uq = PZzq
`yt + Zi = `yi

wbt + ZR = wbR

BZt + ZZ = BZZ

`yt + _ = `y

M. A/Av wfb Ab ^ii m wemM Ges ci ^iawb, eMi 3q / 4_ / 5g awb A_ev h, i,

j, n _vKj wemM j i nq| hgb :
wbt + Aewa = wbiewa

wbt + Avc` = wbivc`

wbt + MZ = wbMZ

wbt + N = wbN

wbt + evK = wbevK

wbt + fq = wbfq

Avwet + fve = Avwefve

Avkxt + ev` = Avkxev`

`yt + Aev = `yiev

`yt + AvPvi = `yivPvi

`yt + MwZ = `yMwZ

`yt + eva = `yeva

cv`yt + fve = cv`yfve

`yt + gi = `ygi

`yt + hvM = `yhvM

`yt + jf = `yjf

mw

23

N. i-RvZ wemMi ci i _vKj wemM jvc cvq Ges c_g ^i `xN nq| hgb :
wbt + ie = bxie

wbt + im = bxim

wbt + ivM = bxivM

O. A/Av awbi m wemM Ges ci K, L, c, d _vKj wemM j m nq| hgb :
bgt + Kvi = bgvi

wZit + Kvi = wZivi

cyit + Kvi = cyivi

fvt + Ki = fvi

P. B/D awbi m wemM Ges ci K, L, c, d _vKj wemM j l nq| hgb :

wbt + Kvg = wbvg

wbt + cvc = wbvc

wbt + dj = wbj

ewnt + Kvi = ewnvi

PZzt + c` = PZz`

PZzt + KvY = PZzvY

Q. Kvbv Kvbv mwi wemM jvc cvq bv| hgb :

cvZt + Kvj = cvZtKvj

gbt + K = gbtK

wkit + cxov = wkitcxov

At + KiY = AtKiY

R. Kvbv Kvbv wemM jvc cjI mw nq bv| hgb :

AZt + Ge = AZGe

24

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

Kg-Abykxjb
1. mZx Ck evey gvawgK we`v Avjqi wkK| Zvi Ang& Kvi bB, wZwb mg& MxZ fvjvevmb|
DZvsk gvUv `vM `qv kjvi mw Ki| Zvgvi cQ` gZv GiKg Aviv KqKwU
ki evK jL|
2. Zzwg AvR mviv w`b hv`i K_vevZv bQ, mme K_vi ga _K gb Ki 10wU mwe
k ei Ki| Zvici mjvK Avjv`v Ki Kvb cKvi mw Zv jL| hgb: Zvgvi evev
ejjb, `vKvb _K cuvkmi Avjy, MvUv cuvPK KuvPKjv Avi GK KUv Me-NZ wbq Gm
ZvovZvwo| `L, hb ekKg bv nq| GLvb mwe kjv nQ
cuvkmi, cuvPK, KuvPKjv, Me, ekKg|
cuvkmi = cuvP + mi = ebmw
cuvPK = cuvP + GK = ebmw
KuvPKjv = KuvPv + Kjv = ebmw
Me

= Mv + h

= ebmw

ekKg = ewk + Kg = ebmw

3. ewnvi, Avwevi, bgvi, cyivi kjv mwi Kvb wbqg gb MwVZ nqQ?
wbqgjv jL Ges m wbqg Abyhvqx Zvgvi cvV eB _K Aviv KqKwU k LuyR wbq
GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|

PZz_ cwiQ`

k I c`
4.
4.1
4.2
3.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

k I c`
wjvii wbqg I D`vniY
eePb MVbi wbqg I D`vniY
wekli kwYwefvM : msvevPK, kwYevPK, mgwevPK, fveevPK I
wqvevPK
wb`kK mebvgi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : G, I
avZz I wqvc`
gwjK I mvwaZ avZz
mKgK I AKgK wqv
wqvi Kvj : eZgvb, AZxZ, fwelr I Abyv
Kg-Abykxjb

4. k I c`
A_ njv ki cvY| GK ev GKvwaK awbi mwjb hw` Kvbv wbw` A_ cKvk cvq Ze ZvK k
ej| hgb : K, j, g GB wZbwU awb GKmv_ Ryo w`j nq : Kjg (K+j+g)| Kjg jLvi
GKwU DcKiYK evSvq| myZivs GwU GKwU k| G iKg : Avwg, evRvi, hvB BZvw`I k| Gjvi
Avjv`v Avjv`v A_ AvQ| wKy G iKg Avjv`v Avjv`v k gbi fve m~Y cKvk KiZ cvi bv| ZvB
A_c~Y k Ryo Ryo gvbyl Zvi gbi fve m~Yfve cKvk Ki _vK| hgb : Avwg evRvi hvB|
GwU GKwU evK| GLvb evi gbvfve m~Y cKvk cqQ| KZjv A_c~Y k hLb GKwZ nq
evi gbi fve m~Y cKvk Ki, ZLb ZvK evK ej|
Gevi j Kwi : Avwg, evRvi , hvB wZbwU A_c~Y k|
Avwg evRvi hvB GKwU gbi fve cKvkK evK|
GLvb evRvi kwU evK eeZ nevi mgq wKQzUv (evRvi+G) e`j MQ | evK eeZ nevi
mgq ki kl GB aibi wKQz eY hvM nq| GjvK ej wefw| k wefw hy njB ZvK

26

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

c` ejv nq| Zvnj ejv hvq: wefw hy kK A_ev evK eeZ cwZwU kK c` ej| c` cuvP
cKvi : 1. wekl 2. weklY 3. mebvg 4. Aeq I 5. wqv|
4.1 wjvii wbqg I D`vniY
wj ki A_ wP ev jY| evsjv fvlvq Ggb AbK k AvQ hjv KvbvwU cyiyl RvZxq,
KvbvwU x RvZxq, KvbvwU Avevi x-cyiyl DfqKB evSvq| ZvB hme wP ev jY viv kK
cyiyl, x ev Ab RvZxq wnme Avjv`v Kiv hvq, ZvK wj ej|
wj Pvi cKvi| h_v :
1. cyswj ev cyiylevPK k| hgb : evev, Qj, wevb, my`i|
2. xwj ev xevPK k| hgb : gv, gq, we`ylx, my`ix|
3. DfqwjevPK k| hgb : gvbyl, wk, mvb, evOvwj|
4. Kxewj ev AwjevPK k| hgb : eB, LvZv, Pqvi, Uwej|
cyswj ev cyiylevPK kK xwj ev xevPK k i~cvi KivK wjvi ev wj cwieZb ej|
wj cwieZbi wKQz mvaviY wbqg AvQ| hgb :
1. cyiylevPK ki kl -Av (v), -C (x), -bx, -Avbx, -Bwb BZvw` xcZq Ryo cyswj kK
xwj i~cvi Kiv hvq| hgb : c_g > c_gv, evjK > evwjKv, Qv > Qvx, Rj > Rjwb|
2. KLbv KLbv wfb khvMI cyswj k xwjevPK k cwieZb nq| hgb : evev > gv,
Qj > gq, cyiyl> bvix, mvne > wewe, ^vgx > x, KZv > wMwb, fvB > evb, cy > Kbv, ei >
Kb|
3. ki AvM cyily evPK ev xevPK k Ryo w`qI ki wjvi nq _vK| hgb : cyily gvbyl >
gq gvbyl, jv weovj > gwb weovj, gv Nvo > gvw` Nvov, evUvQj > gqQj, Guo evQzi >
eKbv evQzi, ej` Miy > MvB Miy|
4. KZKjv cyiylevPK ki AvM gwnjv, bvix BZvw` xevPK k cqvM Ki ki wjvi nq|
hgb : Kwe > gwnjv Kwe, Wvvi > gwnjv Wvvi, mf > bvix mf, mb > bvix mb|
5. Kvbv Kvbv ki kl cyiyl I xevPK k hvM Ki cyswj k xwjevPK k cwieZb
nq| hgb : Mqjv > Mqjv eD, evb cv > evb wS, VvKzi cv > VvKzi wS|

k& I c`

27

6. KZKjv k Kej cyiyl evSvq| hgb : KweivR, KZ`vi, AKZ`vi, wecZxK, Y|

7. KZKjv k ay xevPK nq| hgb : mZxb, mrgv, maev, Gqv, `vB|
wbP cyswj kK xwj cwieZbi wKQz wbqg I D`vniY `Iqv njv :
1. ki kl -Av cZq hvM Ki :
cyswj

xwj

cyswj

xwj

AR

ARv

wcq

wcqv

AvaywbK

AvaywbKv

cexY

cexYv

KvwKj

KvwKjv

ev

PZzi

PZziv

gvbbxq

gvbbxqv

Pj

Pjv

wkl

wklv

bexb

bexbv

mij

mijv

2. ki kl Av-Gi RvMvq -B cZq ewmq :

cyswj

xwj

cyswj

xwj

KvKv

KvwK

eyov

eywo

PvPv

PvwP

bvbv

bvwb

`v`v

`vw`

gvgv

gvwg

3. ki kl -C cZq hvM Ki :
cyswj

xwj

cyswj

xwj

wKkvi

wKkvix

gvbe

gvbex

Qv

Qvx

gq~i

gq~ix

ZiyY

ZiyYx

ivm

ivmx

`vm

`vmx

wmsn

wmsnx

bi

bvix

my`i

my`ix

cv

cvx

nwiY

nwiYx

28

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4. ki kl -wb / -bx cZq hvM Ki :

cyswj
Kvgvi
Kzgvi

xwj
Kvgvibx
Kzgvibx

cyswj
Rj
avcv

xwj
Rjwb
avcvwb

5. ki kl -Avwb / Avbx cZq hvM Ki :

cyswj
PvKi
VvKzi
AiY
B`

xwj
PvKivwb
VvKzivwb
AiYvYx
B`vbx

cyswj
g_i
bvwcZ
wng
k~`

xwj
g_ivwb
bvwcZvwb
wngvbx
k~`vbx

6. ki kl Bbx cZq hvM Ki :

cyswj
KvOvj
Abv_
bvM
gvbx
Zc^x
kZv

xwj
KvOvwjbx
Abvw_bx
bvwMbx
gvwbbx
Zcw^bx
kZvwbx

cyswj
Mvqvjv
evN
we`wk
Yx
abx
myKk

xwj
Mvqvwjbx
evwNbx
we`wkbx
wYbx
awbbx
myKwkbx

7. ki kl -BKv cZq hvM Ki :

cyswj
evjK
jLK
MvqK
meK

xwj
evwjKv
jwLKv
MvwqKv
mweKv

cyswj
cvVK
AavcK
bvqK
wkK

xwj
cvwVKv
AavwcKv
bvwqKv
wkwKv

8. cyiylevPK ki kl Zv _vKj x nq :
cyswj
bZv
kvZv

xwj
bx
kvx

cyswj
KZv
avZv

xwj
Kx
avx

fvlv

29

9. cyiylevPK ki kl AZ, evb, gvb, Cqvb _vKj AZx, eZx, gwZ, Cqmx nq :
cyswj

xwj

cyswj

xwj

mr
Yevb
kxgvb
Mixqvb

mZx
YeZx
kxgZx
Mixqmx

gnr
i~cevb
eywgvb
gnxqvb

gnZx
YeZx
eywgwZ
gnxqmx

4.2 eePb MVbi wbqg I D`vniY

evKiY ePb A_ msLvi aviYv| ZvB, h k w`q evKiY Kvbv wKQzi aviYv cKvk Kiv nq, ZvK
ePb ej|
evsjv fvlvq ePb `y cKvi | h_v : 1. GKePb 2. eePb|
1. GKePb : h k w`q Kvbv e, cvYx ev ewi GKwUgv msLvi aviYv nq, ZvK GKePb
ej| hgb :
cvLvwU LuyR cvwQ bv|
MvgQvLvbv Kv_vq ivLj?
KvRj wK evwo wdiQ?
wkK ejjb, `yB Avi `yB Pvi nq|
GKePb cKvki Dcvq
evsjv fvlvq GKePb cKvki wKQz Dcvq AvQ| hgb :
K. ki g~j i~ci mv_ wKQz hvM bv Ki :
Avgvi evwo hI gi, emZ `e wcuo|
AvR zj QzwU|
ixZv Mvb wkLZ MQ|
evm XvKv QoQ|
L. ki kl wU, Uv, Lvb, Lvbv, Lvwb, MvQ, MvQv, MvwQ BZvw` wb`kK hvM Ki :
gqwU Lye PvjvK|
Zvgvi KjgUv `vI Zv|

30

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

bKvLvwb ek my`i nqQ|

eBLvbv Avwg cowQ|
`woMvQ w`q hv Zv gv|
`v`yi nvZ jvwVMvQv ek gvwbqQ|
M. ki AvM GK, GKUv, GKwU, GKLvbv, GKRb BZvw` msLvevPK k ewmq :
GK `k wQj GK ivRv|
Zvgvi mv_ GKUv K_v wQj|
GKwU Kjg wbq `yfvBqi ga UvbvUvwb iy nqQ|
GKLvbv BsiwR Leii KvMR Gbv Zv|
GKRb Qv GmwQj Zvgvi KvQ|
2. eePb : h k w`q GKi AwaK msLK e, ew ev cvYxi aviYv cvIqv hvq, ZvK eePb
ej| hgb :
Avgiv mLvb wMqwQjvg|
Qjiv gvV LjQ|
wkMY `q gb wbR wbR cvV|
ivLvj Miyi cvj jq hvq gvV|
eePb MVbi wbqg I D`vniY
evsjv fvlvq eePb MVbi bvbv Dcvq AvQ| cvwYevPK I AcvwYevPK Ges DbZ cvwYevPK I BZi
cvwYevPK kf` wewfb aibi eePbevaK wefw, cZq I mgwevPK khvM eePb
MVb Kiv nq _vK| hgb :
1. ki kl iv, Giv, jv, wj, `i wefw hvM Ki :
iv Qjiv ej LjQ|
Zviv AvR Avi Avme bv|
Giv fvBqiv Avgvi, i hLb w`qwQ, Aviv `e|
kwgKiv agNU WKQ|
jv Avgjv ivRkvnx _K GmQ|
Qjjv Lye nP KiQ|

fvlv

31

wj eBwj RvqMv gZv Zzj ivL|

`i gywhvv`i Avgiv kv Kwi|
2. ki kl MY, e`, eM, Kzj, gjx, gvjv, Q, cvj, `j, `vg, SuvK, Avewj, me, mg~n, ivwR,
ivwk, cy, kwY BZvw` mgwevPK k hvM Ki :
MY wkMY `q gb wbR wbR cvV|
e` myKvmvwnZi fe` mgvjvPbvI cQ` Kib|
Kzj mvq cxKzj Kzjvq wdi GmQ|
gjx wkKgjx bexb Qv`i eiY Ki wbjb|
gvjv `wLZ wMqvwQ ceZgvjv, `wLZ wMqvwQ wmy|
Q Avwg iex`bv_i MQ cowQ|
cvj ivLvj Miyi cvj jq hvq gvV|
`j RvZxq wKU`j Zvi RvqMv nqQ|
`vg kevj`vg cyKzi fiQ |
SuvK cvqivi SuvK evKzg evKzg KiQ|
Avewj AvR ivZ c`vewj KxZb bZ hve|
me cvwLme Ki ie ivwZ cvnvBj|
mg~n AwZwi ewbabi dj ebmg~n DRvo nq hvQ|
ivwR jvBewii MivwRi ga iqQ mg vbi fvvi|
ivwk evRvi wbq hvevi Rb cyivwk Pqb Kiv nqQ|
cy gNcyi Aevb `L gb nQ ew ne|
kwY awbKkwY me mgq wbgkwYi Dci Lei`vwi Ki _vK|
3. ki AvM AbK, ARm, AmsL, cPzi, e, wei, bvbv, Xi, me, mKj, mg, niK BZvw`
k eenvi Ki :
AbK Gevi cixvq AbK Qv dj KiQ|
ARm Zvi ARm UvKv-cqmv nqQ|
AmsL evsjv`ki AmsL gvbyl GLbv AwkwZ|
cPzi evRvi cPzi Avg DVQ|
e wZwb e mwi gvwjK|
wei m Kn wei wgQv, h Kn wei|
bvbv bvbv gywbi bvbv gZ|

32

Xi ew AvmZ GLbv Xi evwK|

me evRvi wMq me UvKv LiP nq Mj|
mKj cw_exi mKj gvbyl Avgvi fvB|
mg Zvi mg KvwnwbB wQj evbvqvU|
niK gjvq niK iKg wRwbm cvIqv hvq|
4. GKB k ci ci `yevi ewmq :
dyj evMvbUv dzj dzj fi MQ|
nuvwo eihvxiv nuvwo nuvwo m`k wbq GmQ|
Kuvwo gqi weqZ Kuvwo Kuvwo UvKv LiPv nq Mj|
ej ZvgvK ej ej Avi cvijvg bv|
LU Avwg LU LU mviv njvg|
vi vi vi NyiI AvR wfv RyUj bv|
QvU Avgv`i QvU Muvq QvU QvU Ni|
eo evev eo eo Avg wKb GbQb|
Ni AvR Ni Ni weRqi Avb`|
we`y we`y we`y Rj, Mo Zvj mvMi AZj|
fvjv Kvmi fvjv fvjv QjK cyivi `Iqv ne|
hviv - Zviv hviv hviv hve Zviv Zviv j wMq IVv|
5. AvM msLvevPK k ewmq :
Kvbi weqZ k cuvPK AwZw_ Lve|
mvn `yB ci gvQi `vg Kg hve|
wkqvj Zvi mvZ QjK Kzwgii KvQ coZ w`j|
`k KwR imMvjv w`b Zv|

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

k I c`

33

6. KLbv KLbv GKePbi i~c w`q :

gvbyl giYkxj|
evOvwj me cvi|
evMvb dzj dzUQ|
evRvi jvK RgQ|
cvKvi AvgY dmj b nq|
eb evN _vK|
Miy Avgv`i `ya `q|

* wekl `e
ePb g~jZ wekl I mebvg c`i GK ev GKvwaK msLvi aviYv wb`k Ki| m-KviY ay wekl I
mebvg c`i ePbf` nq|
DbZ cvwYevPK ki eePb MY, e`, gjx, eM Ges AcvwYevPK ki eePb Avewj, Q, `vg,
wbKi, cy, gvjv, ivwR, ivwk eeZ nq|
iv, Giv, MY, jv, Kzj, mKj, me, mg~n cvwYevPK I AcvwYevPK Dfq ki eePb eeZ nq
_vK|
evsjv evK GKB m GKvwaK eePbevPK k eeZ nq bv| hgb :
mKj Qv`i eywSq `Iqv nqQ| (fzj)
mKj QvK eywSq `Iqv nqQ| ()
Qv`i eywSq `Iqv nqQ| ()

4.3 wekli kwYwefvM

AvMB ejv nqQ:
c` cuvP cKvi : wekl ; weklY ; mebvg ; Aeq ; wqv|

weklc`
evK eeZ h c` viv Kvbv ew, e, mgw, vb, Kvj, fve, KvR ev Yi bvg evSvq,
ZvK weklc` ej| GK K_vq, Kvbv wKQzi bvgK weklc` ej| hgb : bRiyj, gvbyl, eB,
LvZv, jLvcov, c, mfv, mwgwZ, XvKv, Lyjbv, kqb, fvRb BZvw`|

34

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

weklc`i bvbv kwYwefvM iqQ| hgb :

1. msvevPK wekl : h weklc` viv Kvbv ew, cvYx, vb, b`x, mgy`, ceZ, M BZvw`i
wbw` bvg evSvq, ZvK msvevPK wekl ej| GK bvgevPK weklI ejv nq| hgb :
ewi bvg : AvjvIj, ewg, bRiyj, myKv, ivKqv, mgxiY eoqv, ievU, wgb, nvwi|
cvYxi bvg : Miy, QvMj, fov, wmsn, evN, nuvm, gyiwM, gqbv, wUqv, kvwjK, wnccvUgvm|
vbi bvg : Lyjbv, XvKv, PMvg, kxcyi, kicyi, MvcvjM, w`wj, gv, jb, cvwim|
b`-b`xi bvg : ecy, eywoMv, cv, gNbv, hgybv, bxjb`, AvgvRvb, nvqvsnv|
mgy`i bvg : evcmvMi, fviZ gnvmvMi, ckv gnvmvMi, Avie mvMi|
cvnvo-ceZi bvg : Mviv cvnvo, wngvjq, jvjgvB, KIvWvs, wn`yKzk, KKkvm, Avw`R|
Mi bvg : MxZvwj, AwMexYv, wngy Agwbevm, eovj gvbex, euva fO `vI|

evK cqvM
KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg Avgv`i RvZxq Kwe|
my`ieb Lyjbv Rjvq AewZ|
Avgv`i evwo ajkix b`xi cvo|
Avwg AwMexYv cowQ|
Miy MncvwjZ c|
Avwg wngvjq `wLwb|
jb bwRei gvgv _vKb|
`yejviPi evcmvMii GKwU Pi|
2. kwYevPK wekl : h weklc` viv ew, cvYx, vb, b`x, ceZ BZvw`i mvaviY bvg evSvq,
ZvK kwYevPK wekl ej| hgb : gvbyl, cvwL, ceZ, Kwe, kni, eB, MvQ, evOvwj, gvQ, mvMi
BZvw`|
msvevPK wekli mv_ kwYevPK wekli AvcvZ wgj j Kiv MjI ek wKQz cv_K iqQ|
msvevPK wekli viv mywbw` Kvbv ew, e, cvYx ev vbi bvg evSvq|

k I c`

35

wKy kwYevPK weklc` Gmei mvaviY ev Awbw` bvg cKvk Ki| hgb :
msvevPK wekl (wbw`)

kwYevPK wekl (Awbw`)

1. iex`bv_ wekKwe|

1. Kwe wPiKvj eiYxq|

2. gvbylwU yavq KvZi|

2. gvbyl giYkxj|

3. cvovevwoi PgPg Lye wgw|

3. wgw mevB cQ` Ki bv|

4. Avwg Bwjk gvQ LZ fvjvevwm|

4. mevB gvQ LZ fvjvevm|

5. Avgiv XvKv kni _vwK|

5. Avgiv kni _vwK|

6. Avwg AwMexYv cowQ|

6. Avwg eB cowQ|

7. wngvjq weki mevP ceZ|

7. ceZ IVv Lye wecbK|

8. gqbv cvwL K_v ej|

8. cvwL AvKvk Io|

9. cv evsjv`ki eo b`x|

9. b`x mvMi wMq gk|

10. my`ixMvQ my`ieb cIqv hvq|

10. MvQ Avgv`i cvY euvPvq|

3. mgwevPK wekl : h weklc` viv GKRvZxq ew, e ev cvYxi mgw evSvq, ZvK
mgwevPK wekl ej| hgb : RbZv, mfv, mwgwZ, kwY, `j, msN, cvj, SuvK, Q, gvjv, mvwi
BZvw`|

evK cqvM
RbZv c Mj Kviv iv bB|
mfv bqUvq iy nqQ|
GLvb GKUv egyLx mgevq mwgwZ Mo DVQ|
weklc`i bvbv kwYwefvM iqQ|
`j e`j Ki Avi KZw`b Pje?
GKcvj nwiY Avgv`i mvgb w`q Pj Mj|
BsiR`i beni wekLvZ|
Avwg mbvevwnbxi KzPKvIqvR `LwQ|
4. fveevPK wekl : h weklc` viv wqvi fve ev KvRi bvg evSvq, ZvK fveevPK ev
wqvevPK wekl ej| hgb : fvRb, kqb, `kb, Mgb, keY, Kiv, `Lv, kvbv BZvw`|

36

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

fveevPK wekl I wqvc` GK bq| hgb :

fveevPK wekl

wqvc`

1. KvUevwo `kb Ki Gjvg|

1. Avwg KvUevwo `LwQ|

2. gnvivRi fvRb-ce kl nqQ|

2. Avgiv LqwQ|

3. evevi kqb GLbv mb nqwb|

3. evev qQb|

4. LyKzi bvPb `L hv|

4. LyKz bvPQ|

5. Zvi evanq div ne bv|

5. m wdiQ|

4.4 wb`kK mebvgi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : G, I

evK weklc`i cwieZ h c` eeZ nq, ZvK mebvgc` ej| hgb :
wekl : eKzj fvjv Qj|
mebvg : m cwZw`b zj hvq|
Zvi ^v fvjv|
ZvK mevB fvjvevm|
GLvb wekl eKzj-Gi cwieZ m, Zvi, ZvK cfwZ c` eenvi Kivq evKjv kywZgayi
nqQ|
evsjv fvlvq mebvgc` bvbviKg nq| hgb :
1.ewevPK mebvg : Avwg, Avgiv, Zzwg, Zvgiv, m, Zviv, wZwb, Giv, Iiv BZvw`|
2. wb`kK mebvg : G, GwU, mwU, mjv BZvw`|
3. mvKjevPK mebvg : mKj, me, mgy`q BZvw`|
4. mvc mebvg : h-m, hv-Zv, whwb-wZwb BZvw`|
5. ckm~PK mebvg : Kx, Kvi, Kv`i, wKm BZvw`|
6. Awb`kK mebvg : KD, Kvb, Kn, wKQz BZvw`|
7. AvZevPK mebvg : ^qs, wbR, Lv`, Avcwb BZvw`|
8. Abvw`evPK mebvg : Ab, Aci, ci BZvw`|

k I c`

37

wb`kK mebvgi i~c : G, I

h mebvgc` mvaviYZ weklK wbw` Ki `q, ZvK wb`kK mebvgc` ej| hgb :
G, GB, Giv, Bnviv, Bnv, Guiv, Bnv`i, Gu`i, I, Iiv, I`i,
Iu`i, H, Dwb, Dnv, Dnv`i BZvw`|
weklc`i mv_ hgb wefw hvM nq kMVb Ki, Zgwb wefw, cZq I KgcePbxq hy nq
mebvgi i~c nq|
wbP wb`kK mebvg G Ges I-Gi PwjZ i~c `Lvbv njv|

G-Gi i~c
1. cvwYevPK i~c :

GKePb
G, Gi, Bwb, Gui

eePb
Giv, G`i, Guiv, Gu`i

evK cqvM : G Avgvi fvB; Gi bvg Dj|

Bwb Avgvi PvPv; Guiv KivwP _vKb| Gu`i jvnvjoi eo eemv AvQ|
2. AcvwYevPK i~c :

evK cqvM :

GKePb
GUv, GwU, GLvbv

eePb
Gme, Gjv, Gmg

GUv GLvb _K mivI|

GwU Avcbvi eB|
Gjv Uwej ivL|
Gmei Rb Zzwg `vqx|
Gmg K_v AvgvK Kb kvbvQb?

I-Gi i~c
1. cvwYevPK i~c :

evK cqvM :

GKePb
I, Ii, Iu, Dwb, I`i, IK

eePb
Iiv, I`i, Iuiv, Iu`i, I`iK

I hb wdi Avm|
Dwb mK Avgvi gvgv nb| Iu`i evwo gqgbwmsn|
IK GLb WvKvi `iKvi bB|
I`i hZ ej|

38

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

2. AcvwYevPK i~c :

evK cqvM :

GKePb
IB, IwU, ILvbv

eePb
Ime, Ijv, Img

Ze IB K_vB iBj|
IwU wKmi eB?
ILvbv Avevi Ke wKbj?
Ime K_v Qvov Zv|
Zvgvi Ijv Kvj `L `e|
Img jevwR Gevi e Kiv|

4.5 avZz I wqvc`

wqvc`
h c` viv Kvbv wKQz Kiv ev Kvbv KvR Kiv evSvq, ZvK wqvc` ej| hgb :
evev GmQb|
NwoZ `kUv evR|
Avwg A KiwQ|

wqvc` bvbv iKg nq :

1. mgvwcKv wqv : h wqv viv evKi A_ m~Y cKvwkZ nq, ZvK mgvwcKv wqv ej| hgb :
mZz zj hvq|
we_y Mvb Mvq|
2. AmgvwcKv wqv : h wqv viv evKi A_ m~Y nq bv, ZvK AmgvwcKv wqv ej| hgb :
Avwg evwo wMq .......
m eB wbq ........
GLvb wMq, wbq wqvi viv K_v kl nqwb| evKi A_ Am~Y iqQ| evKi A_ m~Y
Kivi Rb Aviv wqv PvB| hgb :
Avwg evwo wMq Lve|
m eB wbq coZ emQ|
myZivs, wMq, wbq nQ AmgvwcKv wqv| Avi Lve, emQ Gjv mgvwcKv wqv|

k I c`

39

3. mKgK wqv : h wqvi Kvbv Kg _vK, ZvK mKgK wqv ej| hgb :
^cb wPwV wjLQ|
Kvb eB coQ|
4. AKgK wqv : h wqvi Kvbv Kg _vK bv, ZvK AKgK wqv ej| hgb :
mwjgv eMg evwo hvq|
gwY gvigv fvZ Lvq|
5. wKgK wqv : h wqvi `ywU Kg _vK ZvK wKgK wqv ej| hgb :
wkK Qv`i evsjv covQb|
gv wkK `ya LvIqvQb|
6. chvRK wqv : h wqv Abi viv PvwjZ nq,ZvK chvRK wqv ej| hgb :
gv LvKvK Puv` `LvQb|
mvcyo mvc Ljvq|
7. hwMK wqv : GKwU mgvwcKv wqv I GKwU AmgvwcKv wqv wgwjZ nq h wqvc` MwVZ nq,
ZvK hwMK wqv ej| hgb :
m cvk Ki Mj|
mvBib eR DVj|

avZz
wqvi g~j AskK avZz ej|
wqvc`K weklY Kij `yUv Ask cvIqv hvq :
1. avZz ev wqvg~j : Ki&, hv, Lv, cv, ej&, `L&, Lj&, ` BZvw`|
2. wqvwefw : Av, B, wQ, Q, e, Z, j, jvg BZvw`|
avZz wZb cKvi| h_v : 1. gwjK avZz 2. mvwaZ avZz 3. hwMK ev mshvMg~jK avZz|
1. gwjK avZz : hme avZz weklY Kiv hvq bv, ZvK gwjK avZz ej| hgb : Ki&, Pj&, co&, eo&,
cv, hv, `, Lv, n& BZvw`|
2. mvwaZ avZz : gwjK avZz ev bvg-ki ci Av-cZqhvM h avZz MwVZ nq, ZvK mvwaZ avZz
ej| hgb:

40

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

Ki& + Av = Kiv
`L& + Av = `Lv
ej& + Av = ejv
5. hwMK avZz : wekl, weklY ev abvZK Aeqi mv_ Ki&, `, n, cv, Lv BZvw` gwjK
avZz wgwjZ nq h bZzb avZz MwVZ nq, ZvK hwMK ev mshvMg~jK avZz ej| hgb : fq
Ki&, fvjv n&, Di `, gvi Lv, `ytL cv BZvw`|

4.6 gwjK I mvwaZ avZz

gwjK avZz : gwjK avZzK fvOv ev weklY Kiv hvq bv| GjvK wm ev ^qswm avZzI ejv nq
_vK|
evsjv fvlvq gwjK avZz wZb cKvi| h_v :
1. msZ avZz
2. evsjv avZz
3. we`kvMZ avZz
1. msZ avZz : Zrmg wqvc`i avZzK msZ avZz ej| hgb :
A& + Ab = Ab : QvU`i wPvb cwZhvwMZvq we_y c_g nqQ|
`k& + h = `k : `yNUbvi ggvwK `k eYbv Kiv hvq bv|
K + Ze = KZe : Qv`i KZe jLvcov Kiv|
nm& + h = nvm : AKviY nvmcwinvm ZvM Ki|
2. evsjv avZz : hme avZz msZ _K cvKZi gvag cwiewZZ nq evsjvq eeZ nq, ZvK evsjv
avZz ev LuvwU evsjv avZz ej| hgb :
AuvK& + Av = AuvKv : Kxme AuvKvAuvwK KiQ?
`L& + Av = `Lv : Rv`yNi Avgvi KqKevi `Lv|
Ki& + A = Ki : Zzwg Kx Ki?
nvm& + B = nvwm : Zvgvi nvwmwU Lye my`i|
3. we`kvMZ avZz : we`wk fvlv _K AvMZ hme avZz evsjv fvlvq eeZ nq, ZvK we`kvMZ avZz
ev we`wk avZz ej| hgb :

k I c`

41

LvU& + e = LvUe : hZ ewk LvUe ZZB mydj cve|

weMo& + Avbv : Zvgvi weMovbv QjK fvjv Kivi mva Avgvi bB|
Uvb& + Av : AvgvK wbq UvbvUvwb Kiv bv, Avwg hve bv|
Rg& + AvU = RgvU : AKvi ek RgvU euaQ|
mvwaZ avZz : gwjK avZz ev bvg ki ci Av-cZqhvM mvwaZ avZz MwVZ nq _vK|
mvwaZ avZz wZb cKvi| h_v :
1. chvRK avZz
2. bvg avZz
3. KgevPi avZz
1. chvRK avZz : gwjK avZzi ci ( AciK wbqvwRZ Kiv A_) Av-cZqhvM h avZz MwVZ nq,
ZvK chvRK avZz ev wYR avZz ej| hgb :
co& + Av = wkK Qv`i covQb|
Ki& + Av = m wbR Ki bv, AbK w`q Kivq|
bvP& + Av = bvPv : Ii fuv`o wdi Pv, LyKzi bvPb `L hv|
2. bvg avZz : wekl, weklY I AbyKvi Aeqi ci Av-cZqhvM MwVZ avZzK bvg avZz ej|
hgb :
Nyg& + Av : evev NygvQb|
agK& +Av : AvgvK hZB agKvI, Avwg G KvR Kie bv|
nvZ& + Av : Abi cKU nvZvbv Avgvi ^fve bq|
3. KgevPi avZz : evK KZvi Pq Kgi mv_ hLb wqvi mK cavb nq IV, ZLb m
wqvK KgevPi wqv ej| KgevPi wqvi g~jK KgevPi avZz ej|
gwjK avZzi mv_ Av-cZqhvM KgevPi avZz MwVZ nq| hgb :
Ki& + Av = Kiv : Avwg ZvgvK AwU KiZ ejwQ|
nvi& + Av = nviv : eBwU nvwiq djwQ|
Lv + Iqv = LvIqv : Zvgvi LvIqv nj AvgvK ejv|

42

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4.7 mKgK I AKgK wqv

mKgK wqv : h wqvc`i Kg _vK ZvK mKgK wqv ej|
evKi wqvK Kx? ev KvK? ck Kij h Di cvIqv hvq, ZvB Kgc`| Kghy wqvB mKgK
wqv| hgb :
gv ivbv KiQb|
G evK wqvc` nQ KiQb|
ck : Kx KiQb?
Di : ivbv|
AZGe KiQb wqvc`wUi Kg nQ ivbv| KiQb mKgK wqv|
AKgK wqv : h wqvi Kg bB, ZvK AKgK wqv ej| hgb :
mif co|
mif Kx co? G cki Di bB| A_vr G evK co wqvc`i Kvbv Kg bB| ZvB co
AKgK wqv|
cqvM-ewk mKgK wqv AKgK wqv nZ cvi| hgb :
mKgK wqv

AKgK wqv

1. Avwg wUwdb LqwQ|

1. Avwg wUwdb LqwQ|

2. mwjgDwb mvne RvKvZ w`qQb|

2. mwjgDwb mvne RvKvZ w`qQb|

3. gvLb ivq Mvb MvQ|

3. gvLb ivq Mvb gRQ|

4.8 wqvi Kvj : eZgvb, AZxZ, fwelr I Abyv

j Ki :
1. AvR zj Lvjv|
2. MZKvj zj e wQj|
3. AvMvgxKvj _K cixv iy|
Icii evK wZbwUZ wqvc`jv wbb nevi wewfb mgq evSvbv nqQ| c_g evK Lvjv
wqvwU eZgvb mgq wbb nq| wZxq evK wQj wqvwU c~e ev AZxZ mb nqQ| ZZxq

k I c`

43

evK ne wqvwU viv KvRwU ci ev fwelZ mb ne Ggb fve cKvk cqQ| `Lv hvQ,
gbvfve cKvki Rb evKi wqvc` wewfb mgq ev Kvj mb nIqv wb`k Ki _vK| wqv
mb nIqvi GB mgq ev KvjK wqvi Kvj ej|
wqvi Kvj wZb cKvi| h_v :
1. eZgvb Kvj
2. AZxZ Kvj
3. fwelr Kvj
1. eZgvbKvj : h wqv GLb mb nq ev nQ eySvq, ZvK eZgvbKvj ej| hgb :
Avwg cwo|
m hvq|
KvKwj `ovq|
AvBDe Mvb Mvq|
2. AZxZKvj : h wqv AvMB mb nqQ, Zvi KvjK AZxZKvj ej| hgb :
Avwg ZvK `LwQjvg|
MZKvj XvKv wMqwQjvg|
gv ivbv KiwQjb|
3. fwelrKvj : h wqv AvMvgxZ ev fwelZ mb ne Ggb evSvq, Zvi KvjK fwelrKvj
ej| hgb :
ew Avme|
mxgv Kvj Mvb MvBe|
cv_ bvPe|
cZKwU Kvj Avevi KqK fvM wef| h_v :
1. eZgvbKvj : K. mvaviY eZgvb L. NUgvb eZgvb M. cyivNwUZ eZgvb
2. AZxZKvj : K. mvaviY AZxZ L. NUgvb AZxZ

M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ

3. fwelrKvj : K. mvaviY fwelr L. NUgvb fwelr M. cyivNwUZ fwelr

N. wbZe AZxZ

44

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

1. eZgvbKvj
K. mvaviY eZgvb : h wqvi KvRwU eZgvb mvaviYfve NU ev nq, ZvK mvaviY eZgvb ev
wbZe eZgvbKvj ej| hgb :
mKvj m~h IV|
`yB Avi `yBq Pvi nq|
Avwg ivR we`vjq coZ hvB|
L. NUgvb eZgvb : h wqvi KvR eZgvb NUQ ev PjQ, GLbv kl nq hvqwb, ZvK NUgvb
eZgvbKvj ej| hgb :
Avgvi QvU fvB wjLQ|
Qjiv GLbv dzUej LjQ|
Uwjwfkb iex`bv_i jLv bvUK `LvQ|
M. cyivNwUZ eZgvb : h wqv wKQz AvM kl nqQ wKy Zvi dj GLbv iqQ, ZvK cyivNwUZ
eZgvbKvj ej| hgb :
GLb evev Awdm _K wdiQb|
Gevi gv LZ WKQb|
Aekl Avwg BsiwR cov kl KiwQ|

2. AZxZKvj
K. mvaviY AZxZ : h wqv AZxZKvj mvaviYfve msNwUZ nqQ, ZvK mvaviY AZxZKvj ej|
hgb :
wZwb Lyjbv _K Gjb|
evsjv`k wKU `ji AwabvqK Lye fvjv evU Kijb|
Avwg Ljv `L Gjvg|
L. NUgvb AZxZ: h wqv AZxZKvj PjwQj, ZLbv kl nqwb evSvq, ZvK NUgvb AZxZKvj
ej| hgb :
wiZv NygvwQj|
mygb eB cowQj|
Avwg Qjejvi K_v fvewQjvg|

k I c`

45

M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ : h wqv AbK AvMB kl nq MQ, Zvi KvjK cyivNwUZ AZxZKvj ej|
hgb :
Avgiv ivRkvnx wMqwQjvg|
Zzwg wK Zvi cixv wbqwQj?
Avwg ZvK fvZ LZ `LwQjvg|
N. wbZe AZxZ : h wqv AZxZ cvqB NUZ Ggb evSvq, ZvK wbZe AZxZKvj ej| hgb :
evev cwZw`b evRvi KiZb|
zj QzwUi ci ez`i m ivR cov wbq Avjvc KiZvg|
QywUZ cwZ eQi Mvgi evwoZ eovZ hZvg|

3. fwelrKvj
K. mvaviY fwelr : h wqv ci ev AvMvgxZ mvaviYfve msNwUZ ne, Zvi KvjK mvaviY
fwelrKvj ej| hgb :
evev AvR Avmeb|
Avwg ne mKvjejvi cvwL|
Zzwg nqZv myKv fvPvhi Qvoc co _vKe|
L. NUgvb fwelr : h wqvi KvR fwelZ iy nq PjZ _vKe, Zvi KvjK NUgvb fwelrKvj
ej| hgb :
mygb nqZv ZLb `LZ _vKe|
gbxlv `ovZ _vKe|
Avwgbv K_v ejZ _vKe|
M. cyivNwUZ fwelr : h wqv meZ NU wMqQ Ges mwU evSvZ mvaviY fwelrKvjevaK k
eenvi Kiv nq, Ggb nj Zvi KvjK cyivNwUZ fwelrKvj ej| hgb :
Zzwg nqZv AvgvK G K_v ej _vKe|
meZ AvMvgxKvj cixvi dj ei ne|
Kvb evanq KwVb AUv eyS _vKe|

46

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4. Abyv
Av`k, Abyiva, AbygwZ, cv_bv BZvw` evSvZ eZgvb I fwelrKvji gagcyiyl wqvc`i h i~c
nq, ZvK Abyv ej| hgb :
1. eZgvbKvji Abyv : Zvgiv KvR Kiv|
ivnvb wjLyK|
wg_v K_v ejv bv|
AUv eywSq `eb?
AvgvK Zzwg iv Kiv, cfz|
Av`k Kiyb Ruvnvcbv|
eZgvbKvji Abyvi gag I bvgcyiyli i~c :
aib

mebvg

wefw

wqvc`

ZzQv_K

ZzB, Zviv

-0 k~b

Ki&, hv, cv, Lv, `

mvaviY

Zzwg, Zvgiv,
m, Zviv

-A, -I, -DK

Kiv, hvI, LvI, `I

mgvZK

Avcwb, Avcbviv,
Zuviv, wZwb

-Db, -b, -Gb

hvDb, hvb, Kiyb, Kib

2. fwelrKvji Abyv :

me mgq mwZ eje|

eo nI, eySZ cvie|
Amy nj Ilya Lve|

fwelrKvji Abyvi gag I bvgcyiyli i~c :

aib
ZzQv_K

mebvg
ZzB, Zviv

wefw
-m

wqvc`
Kwim, hvm, Lvm

mvaviY

Zzwg, Zvgiv,
m, Zviv

-I, -e

Kiv, Kie, LI, hve

mgvZK

Avcwb, Avcbviv,
Zuviv, wZwb

-eb

Kieb, `Leb, hveb,

`eb

k I c`

47

Kg-Abykxjb
1. evey`i evwoi Qjjv Lye fvjv| Zviv wei jLvcov Ki| mKj jvK Zv`i fvjvevm|
zj Iiv wkKgjxi bqbgwY| Zviv ezgnjI AbK Rbwcq| iyRbiv I`i
iex`bv_i MQ cwoqQb|
Dcii AbyQ`wUZ gvUv `vMi kjv eePb cKvkK cZq I k| Gjv Zvgvi LvZvq jL|
Zvici Gjvi KvbwU cvwYevPK KvbwU AcvwYevPK ev KvbwU Dfq eeZ nq Zv GKwU QKi
ga cKvk Ki|
2. Avgvi evev GKRb wkK| PvPv miKvwi nvmcvZvji Wvvi| Avgvi gvgv GKRb cywjk
Awdmvi| Avgvi `vw` I bvwb AvgvK Lye fvjvevmb| Avgv`i GKRb MnKgx AvQ, ZvK
mevB ej Avqv| Avwg Iv`i KvQ Mvb wkwL| Avgvi Iv` GKRb eo MvqK| Avgv`i
gvjx AvgvK dzj MvQi hZ KiZ kLvq| ivRv-ev`kvn, ivm-`vbe-f~Z-wckvPi M
kvbvq| Avgvi ez gvjvI Gme M kvb| Zvi GKwU gwb eovj AvQ, mwUI kvb|
Dcii AbyQ` _K wewfb wjevPK kjv LuyR ei Ki Ges mjvi KvbwU Kvb kwYi
wji AMZ ZvwjKvKvi jL|
3. b`x cvi nq, Icvo Kzgvi`i GKUv Mvgi fZi mvivw`b `LwQ I`i gvwUi KvR| nuvwo
cvwZj miv mvbwK Zwi KiQ Iiv| ewk KZ~nj wbq `LwQ cvUvi KvR| gvwUi cvUvq
dzji bKkv, iex`bv_, eYxebiZ hyeZxi wP, Rqbyji AuvKv Miyi PvKv Vj Zvjvi
cwZwjwc, Do cix, gq~icwL bKvi wP, PvL eyR bRiyj h euvwk evRvQb, mB
dUvMvdi bKj| euvkeb AvQb kxZj GKwU Mvg, Awekvm wSg aiv bxieZvi fZi,
meyR kvIjv aiv Kzgvi`i cvY mvi w`q mvRvbv iex`bv_, bRiyj, Rqbyj|
Dcii AbyQ` _K wekl (msvevPK, kwYevPK, mgwevPK), wqv (mgvwcKv, AmgvwcKv)
c`jv LuyR ei Ki GKwU QK Zwi Ki|
4. mvaviY eZgvb Kvji wewk cqvM `wLq KqKwU evK evbvI| hgb :
K. Px`vm ejb, mevi Dci gvbyl mZ Zvnvi
Dci bvB| [ AZxZ Kvji A_, cvPxb
jLKi DwZ w`Z ]
L. GLb Ze Avwm| [ fwelrKvji A_,
AbygwZ cv_bvq ]

cg cwiQ`

kMVb
5. kMVb
5.1 abvZK k, AbyKvi k I kZ
5.2 k MVb : cv_wgK aviYv
5. kMVb
5.1 abvZK k, AbyKvi k I kZ
abvZK k
Kvbv wKQzi ^vfvweK ev KvwbK AbyKwZwewk ki i~cK abvZK k ej| hgb :
ND ND (KzKzii WvK ev awb)
go go (MvQ fO covi k)
Vv Vv (iv`i ZxeZvi Abyfe)
abvZK k KZjv awbi wgwjZ i~c| GB mwwjZ awb GKw`K Kvb kvbv awbi AbyKiY
m, Abw`K gvbyli bvbv m~ Abyf~wZi cZxK|
evsjv fvlvq abvZK kjvi wbR^ Kvbv A_ bB| wKy evK eeZ nj Gjv wekl
Zvrchc~Y A_ cKvk Ki _vK| hgb :

1. gvbyli awbi AbyKwZ :

fD fD : jvKwU fD fD Ki Kvbv iy Kij|
wn wn : GZ wn wn Ki nvmvi KviY Kx?
Uv Uv : Kvbi KvQ GZ Uv Uv Kiv bv Zv, gv_v ai Mj|
YY : gqwU YY Ki Mvb MvBQ|
LK LK : eyov jvKwU LKLK Ki KvkQ|

k I c`

49

2. RxeRyi awbi AbyKwZ :

ND ND : KzKziwU ND ND Ki wPrKvi KiQ|
wgD wgD : weovjwU wgD wgD Ki WK Kvj Gm emj|
Kz Kz : em KvwKj WK IV Kz Kz ie|
Kv Kv : KvKjv GKmv_ Kv Kv Ki WK DVj|
Mi Mi : ZLb evNwU ivM Mi Mi KiZ jvMj|
3. ei awbi AbyKwZ :
NPNP : KlKiv NPNP Ki avb KU PjQ|
gogo : MvQUv gogo Ki fO coj|
oo : oo Ki gN WvKQ|
KjKj : KjKj Ki b`x eq PjQ|
SgSg : SgSg Ki ew bvgj|
4. Abyf~wZi KvwbK AbyKwZ :
wSwKwgwK : Puv`i wKiY jM Ki wSwKwgwK|
Vv Vv : Vv Vv iv` Nyi ewoI bv|
KzU KzU : gkvq KzU KzU Ki KvgovQ|
Qg Qg : fq Mv Qg Qg KiQ|
Puv Puv : waq cU Puv Puv KiQ|

AbyKvi k
ki AbyKiY ev weKvi hme ki mw nq, ZvK AbyKvi k ej|
AbyKvi k abvZK kiB iKgdi gv| hgb :
AvevjZvevj : bvgvb mKvj _K AvevjZvevj eK PjQ|
KvcoPvco : gv evBi hvevi Rb KvcoPvco ci Zwi nq em AvQb|
Lvevi`vevi

: GBgv Lvevi`vevi kl nqQ|

MvQMvQ

: wRwbmc MvQMvQ Ki bvI, GzwY eiye|

PvUcvU

: AvgvK PvUcvU Ki Kvbv jvf ne bv|

Romo

: fq QjUv Romo nq AvQ|

50

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

UbUzb : gqwU UbUzb cvm KiQ|

wdUdvU : nxiv me mgq wdUdvU _vK|
eKSK : ay eKSK Kx Qjgq gvbyl Kiv hvq?
wgUgvU : mgmvUv wgUgvU nq MQ|
ivbvevbv : ivbvevbv kl, Gevi Lvevi cvjv|
klgk : NUbvwU klgk eo KZvi Kvb wMq DVj|
nvevMvev : nvejy GLbv nvevMvevB _K Mj|

kZ
evsjv fvlvq Kvbv Kvbv k, c` ev AbyKvi k GKevi eenvi Kij h A_ cKvk Ki, mjv
`yevi eenvi Kij Zvi A_i mcmviY NU ev weklfve Rvivjv Awfew cKvk cvq| GjvK
wiy k ej| hgb :
Ri (ivM wekl) : Avgvi Ri nqQ|
Ri Ri (Rii fve, Ri bq) : Avgvi Ri Ri eva nQ|
gvbyli `bw`b K_vevZvq G iKg cPzi wiy k eeZ nq| G aibi wiy kK wZb fvM fvM
Kiv hvq| h_v :
1. ki wiyw ev kZ
2. c`i wiyw ev c`Z
3. abvZK wiyw
kZ : GKB k ci ci `yevi eeZ nq wewk A_ cKvk Kij ZvK ki wiyw ev kZ
ej|
kZ bvbvfve MwVZ nZ cvi| hgb:
1. GKB k `yevi eenvi Ki :
eQi eQi

: eQi eQi cixvq fvj dj KiQv, GZ Avgiv mevB Lywk|

ev ev

: ev ev avb fi wbq UvKwU Pj Mj|

duvUv duvUv : eviv`vi Qv` _K duvUv duvUv cvwb coQ|

Av Av : GKUz Av Av Pj, Avgvi cvq e_v|
PjZ PjZ : PjZ PjZ K_v ejv|

k I c`

51

gb gb

: gb gb covi Pq AvIqvR Ki cov fvj|

Rb Rb

: mKvj m~h IV GK_v Rb Rb wRm Ki Rvbvi cqvRb nq bv|

K_vq K_vq : K_vq K_vq Zvgvi K_v Gm Mj|

Lq Lq : G mgvR AbKB Lq Lq `nUv Avjyi evi gZv Ki djQ|
ej ej

: ZvK w`q wKQyB ne bv GK_v ej ej meyRK gbvejnxb Kiv nqQ|

2. GKB ki mgv_K (cvq) Avi-GKwU k eenvi Ki :

Avkv-fimv
AvZxq-^Rb
K_v-evZv
Pvj-Pjb
XvKXvj
ab`jZ
fqWi
gv_vgyz
myLkvw

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

GKgv QjwU evev-gvqi Avkv-fimvi j|

evwoZ AbK AvZxq-^Rb GmQ|
Zvi mv_ Avgvi K_v-evZv nqQ|
jvKwUi Pvj-Pjb inmRbK|
evcviUv XvKXvj wcwUq bv Rvbvj wK PjZ bv?
KzZzeywb mvne AbK ab`jZi gvwjK|
QjwUi fqWi ej wKQz bB|
Zvgvi K_vi gv_vgyy wKQzB eySjvg bv|
bkvM Qjgqi KviY msmvi myLkvw b nq|

3. Rvo ki ci-Ask AvswkK cwieZb Ki :

KvQvKvwQ
PqwP
WvKvWvwK
gviai
ivMvivwM

:
:
:
:
:

K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj nKi evwoi KvQvKvwQ Avgiv _vwK|

AbK PqwP Zvi KvQ _K wKQz UvKv avi Ki GbwQ|
AvgvK WvKvWvwK Kivi `iKvi ne bv, mgq gZv Pj hve|
GZ gviai LqI PviwU Pzwi Kiv gvjvgvj diZ w`j bv|
Gmv ivMvivwM bv Ki evcviUv wgwUq dwj|

4. wecixZ khvM :
Avmj-bKj
Avmv-hvIqv
BQv-AwbQv
ePv-Kbv
Rb-gZz
`bv-cvIbv

:
:
:
:
:
:

GLb Avmj-bKj Pbv eo `vq|

Avgv`i evwoZ Zvi Avmv-hvIqv AvQ|
Zvgvi BQv-AwbQvq wKQz hvq-Avm bv|
Drmei evRvi ePv-Kbv ek Rg DVQ|
Rb-gZz mwKZvi nvZ|
`bv-cvIbv wgwUq w`q nuvd Qo euvPjvg|

52

fvjv-g`
nvi-wRZ

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

: gvbyli Pwi fvjv-g` `yw`KB _vK|

: Ljvq nvi-wRZ _vKeB|

5. AbyKvi awbhvM :
UzcUvc
UzsUvs
wPKwPK
kbkb
QjQj
UbUb

:
:
:
:
:
:

UzcUvc Ki ew coQ|
Pzwo evR UzsUvs|
wPKwPK Ki evwj Kv_vI bvB Kv`v|
kbkb Ki evqy eq|
Zvi PvL QjQj KiQ|
nvZUv e_vq UbUb KiQ|

5.2 kMVb : cv_wgK aviYv

GK ev GKvwaK A_c~Y awbi mgwK k ej| A_B ki cvY|
kB evK eenvii gvag gvbyl gbi fve cwic~Yfve cKvk Ki| GRb bZzb bZzb kMVb
KiZ nq| bvbv Dcvq kMVb nZ cvi| hgb :
1. ebeYi mv_ Kvi hvM Ki :
e& + v + o& + w = evwo
Z& + + Y
= ZY
GiKg : Mvwo, evev, wel, bKv, KvKwj, ivRkvnx BZvw`|
2. ebeYi mv_ djv hvM Ki :
K& + i = : e
K& + j = K : Kv
GiKg : P, evK,c, ivbv BZvw`|
Gjv nQ kMVbi cv_wgK Dcvq|
evsjv fvlvq Ggb wKQz k AvQ hjvK weklY Kiv ev fvOv hvq bv, mjvK gwjK k ej|
hgb : nvZ, cv, gyL, dzj, cvwL, MvQ BZvw`|
Avevi wKQz k AvQ hv wewfb Dcvq ev cwqvq MwVZ nqQ| mjvK ejv nq mvwaZ k| hgb :
Wze& + Dwi = Wzeywi
Ni + Avwg = Nivwg
gN + G = gN BZvw`|

k I c`

53

mvwaZ k bvbv Dcvq MwVZ nZ cvi :

1. gwjK khvM : cvMj + Avwg = cvMjvwg
eB + c = eBc
2. ki kl wefw hvM Ki : Avgv + K = AvgvK
evwo + i = evwoi
PMvg + G = PMvg
3. ki AvM DcmM hvM Ki :
A AKvR, Afve, Abxj, APbv, A_|
Av Avavqv, Avjywb, AvMvQv, AvMgb, AvK, Avmgy`|
wb wbLuyZ, wbjvR, wbiU, wbYq, wbeviY, wbjyl|
we wefuyB, wedj, wec_, wevb, we, weeY, wekLj|
my mybRi, myLei, myw`b, mybvg, myK, mybxj, myPZzi|
4. ki ci cZq hvM Ki :
AvB
DK
BK
Ab
Lvbv
Abxq

: XvKvB, wbgvB, RMvB, wgVvB|

: fveyK, wgK, wg_yK, jvRyK|
: mvwnwZK, ew`K, `wbK, gvwmK|
: Kuv`b, euvab, fvOb, Rjb|
: wPwoqvLvbv, eVKLvbv, QvcvLvbv|
: KiYxq, eiYxq, iYxq|

5. mwi mvnvh :
we`v + Avjq = we`vjq
kxZ + FZ = kxZvZ
mg + Zvc = mvc
w`K& + A = w`M
6. mgvmi mvnvh :
emZi Rb evwo = emZevwo
gyL P`i bvq = gyLP`
b`x gvZv hvi = b`xgvZK

f + BQv = fQv
c` + nwZ = cwZ
mg + ev` = msev`
cwi + Q` = cwiQ`

54

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

`yB w`K Ac hvi = xc

ixwZK AwZg bv Ki = h_vixwZ
7. kZi gvag :
evwo > evwo evwo
Ni > Ni Ni
Xs > Xs Xs
jvj > jvj jvj
`j > `j `j

Kg-Abykxjb
1. gb Ki, Zzwg ivv w`q nuvUQ nbnwbq| Zvgvi cvqi KvQ w`q momo Ki Pj Mj
GKUv mvc! fq Zvgvi Mv QgQg Ki DVj| gv_v Nyi DVj ebeb Ki| Zzwg fD fD
Ki bv Ku` LuvLuv ivyiB kuvkuv Ki `o evwo Pj Gj|
GB AbyQ` abvZK ki eenvi Kiv nqQ| Zzwg mjv wb`k Ki Ges G RvZxq k
eenvi Ki ZzwgI GKwU AbyQ` jL|
2. w`b w`b Pvli Rwg-Rgv KgQ| eb-Ub DRvo nq hvQ| gvV-gvV dmj bB| ebeb Rxe-Ry bB| eQi-eQi jvKRb evoQ| evwo-Ni, `vKvbcvU, Kj-KviLvbv nQ|
Lvj-wej, cyKzi-UzKzi `Lj I fivU nq hvQ| Avgv`i cwiek I fwelZi Rb GwU
gvivZK gwK ^i~c|
Dcii AbyQ` wewfb iKg wiy k eenvi Kiv nqQ| KvbwU Kvb aibi wiy k cqvM
j Ki A_mn Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|

l cwiQ`

evK
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3

evK
evK MVbi kZ : AvKvv, Avmw I hvMZv
LevK, ^vaxb I Aaxb LevK
mij, RwUj I hwMK evKi MVb

6. evK
GK ev GKvwaK c`i viv hLb evi gbvfve m~Yi~c cKvk cvq, ZLb ZvK evK ej| hgb :
jL|
Avwg LvB|
KvRx memvPx eB cob|
evKi c`jvi ga cviwiK GKwU mK ev A^q _vKZ nq, hvi KviY evi gbvfve ev ee
fve dzU IV|
j Ki :
wMq cyKzi eo aiwQ GKUv gvQ|
Luv Luv Acy hvIqvq Pj KiQ evwoUv|
evK `yUvZ evi gbvfve cwivi bq| Kbbv, c`jvi ga cviwiK A^q bB| c`jv
myweb bq| ZvB GjvK evK ejv hvq bv| evK nZ nj c`jv mywebfve mvRvZ ne|
hgb :
cyKzi wMq eo GKUv gvQ aiwQ|
Acy Pj hvIqvq evwoUv Luv Luv KiQ|
mvaviYZ KZv, Kg I wqvc` wbq evK MwVZ nq| Ze GKwU evKK mv_K Ki ZzjZ Aviv
KZKjv Y ev kZ gvbZ nq|

56

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

6.1 evKMVbi kZ : AvKvv, Avmw, hvMZv

GKwU Av`k ev mv_K evK ZLbB MwVZ ne hLb evKwUi wZbwU Y ev ewk _vKe| G Yjv
nQ:
1. AvKvv

2. Avmw

3. hvMZv

1. AvKvv : evKi A_ cyivcywi evSvi Rb GK c` kvbvi ci Ab c` kvbvi BQv ev AvMnK

AvKvv ej| hgb :
cjvk gb w`q jLvcov ...
ejj evi gbi fve m~Y evSv hvq bv| Aviv wKQz ejvi evwK _vK| Aviv wKQz kvbvi BQv
RvM|
hw` ejv nq
cjvk gb w`q jLvcov Ki| A_ev
cjvk gb w`q jLvcov Kiv| A_ev
cjvk gb w`q jLvcov Kie|
Ze kvbvi BQvwU c~Y nq| Avi Gfve evKI m~Y nq|
2. Avmw : evKi A_msMwZ iv Ki c`jvK h_vh_fve mvwRq ivLvi bvg Avmw| hgb :
evev evRvi Bwjk _K GbQb|
GLvb ev hv ejZ PqQb Zvi me DcKiY AvQ| wKy c`jv h_vh_fve mvRvbv nqwb| dj
my Kvbv A_I cKvk cvqwb| wKy
evev evRvi _K Bwjk GbQb|
Gfve jLv nj eewUi A_ cyivcywi cwivi nq GKwU myMwVZ evK nZv| ZvB mv_K evK
eeZ c`jvi h_vh_ Aevb _vKv AvekK|
3. hvMZv : evKi AMZ c`jvi ga A_i msMwZ I fvei wgjebK hvMZv ej| hgb :
Avgiv eowk w`q gvQ awi|
GwU GKwU mv_K evK| Kbbv GLvb c`jvi A_MZ I fveMZ wgj iwZ nq Zv wekvmi Rb
w`qQ| wKy
Avgiv eowk w`q bviKj cvwo|

evK

57

ejj eewUZ A_ I fvei AmsMwZ cKvk cvq| Zv wekvmhvMI nq bv| KviY eowk w`q KD
bviKj cvo bv| myZivs evK c`jvi ga A_i msMwZ I fvei wgj iv Kiv AvekK| bqZv
hvMZvi Afve Zv evK ne bv|

6.2 LevK, ^vaxb I Aaxb LevK

LevK
cwZwU evKi `ywU Ask _vK :
1. Dk : evK hvi mK wKQz ejv nq, ZvK Dk ej| hgb :
wkgyj gvV LjZ Mj|
2. weaq : evK Dk mK hv ejv nq, ZvK weaq ej| hgb :
wkgyj gvV LjZ Mj|
GKwU Dk I GKwU weaq wqvi (mgvwcKv) mgw hw` wbR GKwU ^vaxb evK wnme eeZ bv
nq Ab Kvbv eni evKi Aski~c eeZ nq, ZvK LevK ej| hgb :
hviv fvjv Qj, Zviv wkKi Av`k cvjb Ki|
G evK `ywU LevK AvQ :
1. hviv fvjv Qj
2. Zviv wkKi Av`k cvjb Ki|
`ywU evKB hnZz GKwU eo evKi Ask, mnZz evKvsk `ywU eo evKi LevK| LevK
GKwUgv mgvwcKv wqv _vK Ges Zv Ab GKwU evKi Aski~c eeZ nq|
LevK `y iKgi nq| h_v : 1. ^vaxb LevK 2. Aaxb LevK
1. ^vaxb LevK : GKwU eo evKi AMZ h LevK Zvi wbRi A_ cKvki Rb Ab Kvbv
LevKi Ici wbfikxj bq, ZvK ^vaxb ev cavb LevK ej| hgb :
hviv fvjv Qj, Zviv wkKi Av`k cvjb Ki|
G evKi Zviv wkKi Av`k cvjb Ki G LevKwUK Avjv`v evK wnmeI jLv hZ cvi|
^vaxb LevKK m~Y evK _K Zzj wbq Avjv`vfve wjLjI Zvi c~Y A_ cKvk cvq|

58

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

2. Aaxb LevK : GKwU eo evKi AMZ h LevKwU Zvi A_ m~Yi~c cKvk Kivi Rb
^vaxb LevKi Ici wbfikxj, ZvK Aaxb LevK ev AvwkZ ev Acavb LevK ej| Aaxb
LevKK m~Y evK _K Zzj wbq Avjv`vfve wjLj Zvi cwic~Y A_ cKvk cvq bv,
AvKvv _K hvq| hgb :
hviv fvjv Qj, Zviv wkKi Av`k cvjb Ki|
G evKi hviv fvjv Qj LevKK Avjv`v Ki wjLj AvKvv Yi weN NU|

Aaxb LevK wZb iKgi :

K. weklvbxq Aaxb LevK : h Aaxb LevK ^vaxb LevKi h-Kvbv c`i Aaxb _K
wekli KvR Ki, ZvK weklvbxq Aaxb LevK ej| hgb :
Avwg evwo wMq `Ljvg, mevi LvIqv nq MQ|
L. weklYvbxq Aaxb LevK : h Aaxb LevK ^vaxb LevKi AMZ Kvbv wekl ev
mebvgi `vl, Y, Aev cKvk Ki, ZvK weklYvbxq Aaxb LevK ej| hgb :
h cwikg Ki, m-B myL jvf Ki| (Aaxb LevKwU m-B mebvgi Aev
cKvk KiQ)
M. wqv-weklYvbxq Aaxb LevK : h Aaxb LevK wqvc`i vb, Kvj I KviY wb`kK A_
eeZ nq, ZvK wqv-weklYvbxq Aaxb LevK ej| hgb :
hw` Zvi WvK b KD bv Avm, Ze GKjv Pjv i|

6.3 mij, RwUj I hwMK evKi MVb

MVb Abymvi evK wZb cKvi| h_v :
1. mij evK
2. RwUj evK
3. hwMK evK
1. mij evK : h evK GKwU KZv ev Dk I GKwUB mgvwcKv wqv ev weaq _vK, ZvK mij
evK ej| hgb :
LvKb eB coQ|
Avwg e K muvZvi wkLwQ|
RMZ Ame ej wKQz bB|

evK

59

2. RwUj evK : h evK GKwU ^vaxb evK Ges GK ev GKvwaK Aaxb evK cii mvcfve
eeZ nq, ZvK RwUj evK ev wgk evK ej| hgb :
whwb cii DcKvi Kib, ZuvK mevB kv Ki|
Kv_vI c_ bv cq Zvgvi KvQ GmwQ|
Zzwg Avme ej Avwg Acv Ki AvwQ|
3. hwMK evK : `yB ev Zvi AwaK mij ev RwUj evK wgwjZ nq hw` GKwU m~Y evK MVb Ki,
Ze ZvK hwMK evK ej| hgb :
QjwU Mwie wKy gavex|
`ytL Ges wec` GK mv_ Avm|
GZY Acv Kijvg wKy Mvwo cjvg bv|
RwUj I hwMK evK GKvwaK evKvsk ev evK w`q MwVZ|
RwUj evKi AMZ evKvskjv cii mvc, GKwU AciwUi Ici wbfikxj|
hwMK evKi AMZ evKjv cvq ^Z| I, Ges, Avi, A_P, wKsev, eis BZvw` AeqhvM
hwMK evKi AMZ LevKjv hy nq| hgb :
RwUj : hw`I jvKwU abx, ZeyI m KcY|
hwMK : jvKwU abx wKy KcY|
RwUj : hw`I Zuvi UvKv AvQ, Zey wZwb `vb Kib bv|
hwMK : Zuvi UvKv AvQ wKy wZwb `vb Kib bv|
RwUj : hLb wec` Avm, ZLb `ytLI Avm|
hwMK : wec` Ges `ytL GKB mv_ Avm|

60

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

Kg-Abykxjb
1. Zvgvi evwoZ 3/4 eQi eqmi Kvbv wk AvQ? _vKj (bv _vKj Ab evwoi) Zvi
Avav-Avav K_vjv gb w`q kvbvi I evSvi Pv Ki| `Le m A KqKwU k
eenvi Ki Zvi gbi mKj fve cKvk Kivi Pv KiQ| mjv Zvgvi KvQ AmsjM ev
Gjvgjv I nvmKi gb ne| Zvi GB Gjvgjv K_vjv Zvgvi weePbvq evKi
Kvb Y ev jY evnZ KiQ? Avav-Avav K_v ejv Kvbv wki wKQz AmsjM nvmKi
K_vi DjL Ki GKwU cwZe`b cZ Ki| (GwU GKwU `je KvRI nZ cvi|)
2. GKwU KZv I GKwU mgvwcKv wqv AvQ Ggb `kwU evK jL| Gici mgvwcKv wqvK
AcwiewZZ iL evKwUi Kvbv AskK RwUj evK i~cvi Ki| Zvici h_vme mshvRK
ev weqvRK Aeqi cqvM evKwUK hwMK evK i~cvi Ki| hgb :
Zvi eqm njI eyw nqwb|
RwUj evK : Zvi eqm nqQ, eyw nqwb|
hwMK evK : Zvi eqm nqQ wKy eyw nqwb|
3. wbPi evKjvZ MVbMZ w`K _K Kvb Kvb Yi Afve NUQ LvZvq jL:
K. Kvj Avwg hvev Ub evwo Ki|
L. m~h cwg w`K Dw`Z nq|
M. gb w`q Ki me...|

mg cwiQ`

weivg-wP
7. weivg-wP
7.1 weivg-wP
7.2 Kgv, mwgKvjb, Kvjb I nvBdbi eenvi
Kg-Abykxjb
7. weivg-wP
7.1 weivg-wP
gvbyl GKUvbv K_v ejZ cvi bv| ZvB ZvK gvS gvS _vgZ nq| ZvQvov AbK K_vjv evSvi
mgqI w`Z nq| jLvi ejvqI Zgwb gvS gvS weiwZ w`Z nq| K_v _vgvZ nq kvm bevi Rb|
jLv _vgvZ evK eeZ nq bvbv iKg wP ev msKZ| GB wP ev msKZB weivg-wP| GK hwZ
ev Q`-wPI ejv nq _vK| weivg-wP eenvii dj evKi A_ my nq|
wjwLZ evK A_ myfve cKvk Ki gvbyli AveM, Abyf~wZ BZvw` e Kivi Rb h wQmg~n
eenvi Kiv nq ZvK weivg-wP ej|
wbP evK eeZ wewfb cKvi weivg wPi bvg, AvKwZ wb`k Kiv njv:
weivg wPi bvg

AvKwZ

Kgv

mwgKvjb

`uvwo

wRvmvwP

weqwP

Kvjb

Kvjb Wvm

:-

Wvm

62

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

nvBdb

DiYwP / DwZwP

ebx wP

( ), { }, [ ]

weK wP

BjK / jvcwP / EaKgv

DwjwLZ weivg wPjvi ga wKQz wP evi gbvfvei mgvw evSvZ evKi kl em| wKQz
wP evi gbvfvei A_ myfve evSvZ evKi ga em|
evKi kl eeZ weivgwPjv nQ : `uvwo (| ), wRvmvwP ( ? ) I weqwP ( ! )|

`uvwo (| )
evi ev jLKi gbvfvei mgvw evSvZ evKi kl `uvwo ev c~YQ` em| hgb :
Avgiv evsjv`k evm Kwi|

wRvmvwP ( ? )
evi gb Kvbv wKQz Rvbvi AvMn Rbvj Zv RvbZ evKi kl wRvmvwP ev ckwP em|
hgb :
Zvgvi bvg Kx?

weqwP ( ! )
evi gbi wewfb AveM hgb : Avb`, e`bv, `ytL, fq, NYv BZvw` cKvk KiZ Ges m^vab
c`i ci weqwP ev m^vabwP em| hgb :
1. Avnv! Kx my`i `k!
2. gvMv! Zzwg KLb Gj!
evKi ga eeZ weivg-wPjv nQ : Kgv ( , ), mwgKvjb ( ; ), Kvjb ( : ), nvBdb
(- ), Wvm ( ), EaKgv ( ), DwZwP ( ), weK wP ( / )|

7.2 Kgv, mwgKvjb, Kvjb I nvBdbi eenvi

Kgv ( , )
evK A weiwZ evSvZ Kgv em| bvbv cqvRb evK KgvwP eeZ nq| hgb :

weivg-wP

63

1. evKi A_ Kivi Rb Kgv em| hgb :

Zzwg hve, bv hve bv?
myL PvI, myL cve cwikg|
2. evK m^vabi ci Kgv em| hgb :
mZz, coZ emv|
we_y, Lve Gmv|
3. GKB c`i GKvwaK k cvkvcvwk eeZ nj Kgv em| hgb :
wekl : cv, gNbv, hgybv evsjv`ki cavb cavb b`x|
weklY : myL, `ytL, Avkv, wbivkv GKB gvjvi dzj|
mebvg : Zzwg, Avwg I iweb evRvi hve|
4. GKB aibi GKvwaK evK ev evKvskK Avjv`v KiZ Kgv em| hgb :
kv Kvm XzKj, eB ivLj, Zvici ewiq Mj|
Avgv`i KvQ ^vaxbZv w`em, weRq w`em, cnjv ekvL LyeB Avb`i w`b |
5. evK DviwPi AvM Kgv em| hgb :
gv ejjb, A KiZ emv|
Avwg ejjvg, Mi eB coZB fvjv jvMQ|

mwgKvjb ( ; )
GKvwaK evKi ga wbKU mK _vKj Zv`i gvS hvMm~ ivi Rb mwgKvjb eenvi Kiv
nq| mwgKvjbwP Kgvi Pq wY mgq weiwZ bq| hgb :
1. `yUv evKi ga fve ev A_i m^ _vKj mwgKvjb em| hgb :
w`bUv fvjv bq; gvS gvS ew coQ|
K_vUv ejv mnR; Kiv KwVb|
2. GKvwaK evK mshvRK Aeqi viv hy bv nj mwgKvjb em| hgb :
AvM zji cov; ci Mi eB|
3. hme Aeq ecixZ ev Abygvb cKvk Ki, Zv`i AvM mwgKvjb em| hgb :
gbvhvM w`q co; ZvnjB fvj dj Kie|
QjwU gavex; wKy fvwi Ajm|

64

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

Kvjb ( : )
evK bvbv KviY KvjbwP eeZ nq| hgb :
1. D`vniY ev `v evSvZ :
evsjv mw `y cKvi : ^imw I ebmw|
2. DwZi AvM :
iex`bv_ ejQb : gwiZ Pvwn bv Avwg my`i fzeb|
3. bvUKi msjvci AvM :
`yKwo : Kx PvB?
KvOvwj : Av, gnvkq nQb `kwnZlx|
`yKwo : Zv Zv mKjB Rvb wKy Avmj evcviUv Kx?
KvOvwj : Avcwb mvaviYi wnZi Rb cvYcY

nvBdb ( - )
nvBdbK evsjvq mshvMwP ejv nq| wewfb KviY evK nvBdbi eenvi nq| hgb :
1. `yUv ki mshvM evSvZ nvBdb em| hgb :
Avgvi gv-evev eovZ MQb|
cvc-cyY, fvjv-g` weeK w`q eySZ nq|
2. mgvme c`i Askjv wewQb Ki `Lvevi Rb nvBdb em| hgb :
Avgv`i cxwZ-Dcnvi MnY Kiyb|
Zv`i ga Awn-bKzj mK|
3. GKB aibi k cKvki nvBdb em| hgb :
evsjv`k b`-b`xi `k|
XvKv-Lyjbv-ewikvj G `ki eo kni|

weivg-wP

65

Kg-Abykxjbx
1. wbPi AbyQ`jvZ weivgwP emvI :
K. Avgv`i Mvgi Ni Ni h wkKv nvZcvLv dzjwcVv Zwi Kiv nq Zv gvUB Aenjvi mvgMx bq
L. hyeK ewjj wK m KvR Avwg wK Zvnv RvwbZ cvwi bv Kcv Kwiqv AvgvK Zvnv RvwbZ `vI
Awfb`q my`i bvq cvY w`qvI Avwg m Kvh Zvgvi mnvqZv Kwie
M. gyw ejj mvi ejQb AvR Kvm wZwb iex`bv_i Qjejv wbq M kvbveb|
Avwg ejjvg wZwb wK Kvb eB co AvmZ ejwQjb
gyw ejj Zzwg MZ Kvm Avmvwb Kb Kvm bv Kij KZ K_v Rvbv hvq bv eySQv
Avwg Di w`jvg m w`b Avwg LyeB Amy wQjvg|
Gevi gyw ejj mvi AvR Avgv`i Kvbv eB co Avmvi K_v ej `bwb|
2. evK Kv_vq Kv_vq Wvk I nvBdb em `vmn Dcvcb Ki|

Ag cwiQ`

evbvb
8. evbvb
8.1 evbvbi KqKwU mvaviY wbqg
8. evbvb
fvlv i~c wjLZ nj m fvlvi evbvb Rvbv Lye Riywi| cZK fvlviB evbvbi wbqg AvQ| evsjv
fvlvi evbvbiI wekl wKQz wbqg iqQ| GB wbqg mgq e`ji m m wKQyUv AvaywbK Kiv nq|
evsjv`k mvaviYfve gvb Kiv nq evsjv GKvWgx Abygvw`Z evbvbixwZ| wbP evsjv evbvbi
KqKwU mvaviY wbqg `Lvbv njv|

8.1 evbvbi KqKwU mvaviY wbqg

K. evbvb B C, D E-Gi eenvi
1. hme Zrmg ki evbvb n^ I `xN Dfq ^i ( B C, D E ) Awfavbwm, m Ges
AZrmg ( Ze, `wk, we`wk, wgk ) ki evbvb ay n^^i ( B w, D y ) ne| hgb :

Zrmg k :
Aywi, AUwe, Avwei, Avwkm&, Dlv, wKse`w, KzwUi, Mw, Mvewj, wPrKvi, ZiwY, Zwi, `wk,
c`we, we`wk, y, kwY, mviwY|

AZrmg k :
Av`wg, Avwcj, Avwgb, Avjgvwi, DwKj, D`y, KvwR, Kvievwi, KvwiMwi, Kzwgi, Kivwb, wL, wLv,
Mwie, MvwR, Mvwo, wMwb, PvKwi, Riywi, Rvbyqvwi, wWwM, `iKvwi, `vwe, w`wN, ayjv, bvmvwi, cowk,
c`we, evwo, euvwk, evOvwj, e-AvBwb, fzZzo, wgw, gyjv, gqwj, wh, ikwg, jUvwi, jvBewi,
kvwo, wkKvwi, mewR, miKvwi, mywb, nvwR, wnRwi|

evbvb

67

2. KqKwU xevPK ki kl C-Kvi ne| hgb :

Awfbx, Kx, KjvYx, wKkvix, Mvfx, YeZx, Px, PZz`kx, Qvx, Rbbx, ZiyYx, `vmx, `ytwLbx,
`ex, bvix, cZx, wckvPx, we`ylx, eywgZx, gvZvgnx, gvbex, hyeZx, jx, kxgZx, mZx, mi^Zx,
nwiYx, ngx|
3. fvlv I RvwZi bvgi kl B-Kvi ne| hgb :
AvdMvwb, Aviwe, BsiwR, BivwK, Bivwb, Bw`, Kvwkwi, Rvcvwb, ZzwK, bcvwj, cvwKvwb,
cvvwe, divwm, evOvwj, muvIZvwj, wmw, wnw`|
4. weklYevPK Avwj-cZqhy k B-Kvi ne| hgb :
PZvwj, cyevwj, eYvwj, wgZvwj, gqwj, iycvwj, mvbvwj|

L. evbvb I-Gi eenvi

1. wqvc`i evbvb c`v I-Kvi ( v ) Acwinvh bq| hgb :
Avbe, KiZ, Lje, Pje, `LZ, aie, bvPe, coe, ejZ, gie, give, joe, wjLe|
2. eZgvb Abyvi mvgvbi~c c`v I-Kvi c`vb Kiv hvq| hgb :
Avbv, Kiv, Ljv, Pjv, `Lv, aiv, bvPv, cov, ejv, gviv, jov, jLv|
3. Avbv cZqv ki kl I-Kvi ne| hgb :
Kivbv, LvIqvbv, VvOvbv, `Lvbv, bvgvbv, cvVvbv, kvqvbv|
4. A_ ev DPviY wevwi myhvM _vKj wKQz wekl, weklY I Aeq k I-Kvi `Iqv AvekK|
hgb :
Kvj (mgq), Kvjv (K eY);
Kvb (Kx, K, KvbwU), Kvbv (ei ga GK);
fvj (Kcvj), fvjv (Dg)|

M. evbvb wemM ( t )-Gi eenvi

1. c`v wemM ( t ) _vKe bv| hgb :
gk, wZxqZ, c_gZ, cavbZ, eZ, g~jZ|
2. c`ga wemM _vKe| hgb :
At, `ytL, `ytmn, wbtk, cybtcyb, ^Zt~Z|

68

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

3. Awfavbwm nj c`ga wemM eRbxq| hgb :

`y, wbkvm, wbn, ewn, gb|

N. evbvb g~ab-Y I `-b-Gi eenvi

1. hyeb (Zrmg k) U-eMxq eYi (U V W X) c~eeZx chy j g~ab-Y nq| hgb :
KK, Nv, wbN, eb, AKz, AvK, DrKv, DcK, K, Kbvwj, jyb, AKvjKzv, A,
Kv, Kvvix, Kzj, L, Px, `, cwZ, f, fvwg|
2. Zrmg k F,F-Kvi ( ), i, i-djv ( ), id ( ), l, -Gi ci g~ab-Y nq| hgb :
FY, ZY, AiY, vY, eY, we`~lY, weklY, Y, wYK|
3. GKB ki ga F, F-Kvi, i, i-djv, id, l, -Gi h KvbvwUi ci ^ieY, K-eM, c-eM
Ges h, q, n, Aby^vi ( s ), GB eYjvi GKwU ev GKvwaK eY _vKjI cieZx g~ab-Y nq|
hgb :
KcY, wbi~cY, AMnvqY, AKgY, wbevY, mevxY, AcgvY, egvY|
4. c, civ, cwi, wbi- GB PviwU DcmMi ci bg&, bk&, bx, by, Ab&, nb& cfwZ avZzi `-b j
g~ab-Y nq| hgb :
c : cYvg, cYe, cYxZ, cwYcvZ;
civ : civqY, civn;
cwi : cwiYwZ, cwiYvg, cwiYq;
wbi : wbYxZ, wbYq, wbYvqK|
5. hyeb MVb (AZrmg k) U-eMi c~e `-b nq| hgb :
BUvi, DBUvi, KviU, Mv, Uvi, cvU, ev, jb, mUvj|
6. hyeb MVb (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k) Z-eMi c~e `-b nq| hgb :
Ab, Ai, GKv, Kv, Rj, gx, M, cv, Awb`, civb, cQb, ivbv, mvwba|
7. mw I mgvmhvM MwVZ ki evbvb `-b envj _vK| hgb :
AMbvqK, Anwbk, zwbew, wPvb, `ybvg, `ywbevi, `ybxwZ, wbwbgl , wkvb|
8. Ze, `wk I we`wk k me `-b ne| hgb :
Avcb, Avqib, Kzwbk, Kvivb, wMb, wPiywb, Sibv, aib, evwbk, giyb, jb, wknib, nb|

evbvb

69

O. evbvb g~ab-l-Gi eenvi

1. F wKsev F-Kvi ( )-Gi ci g~ab-l nq| hgb :
Fwl, Kwl, KlK, K, Zv, ZwlZ, `w, mw, wP|
2. i-awb id ( )-Gi i~c wbq Kvbv ebeYi gv_vq emj H ebi ci g~ab-l nq| hgb :
AvKlY, Clv, DrKl, elv, elY, wegl, gyg~ly, kxl, mwl, nl|
3. A, Av Qvov Ab Kvbv ^ieY Ges K&, i& eYi cieZx `-m g~ab-l nq| hgb :
Clr, Dlv, GlYv, Kvl, wRMxlv, welg, fwelr, ivl, mylgv|
4. B-Kviv I D-Kviv DcmMi ci KZKjv avZzZ g~ab-l nq| hgb :
m> Abyl, mK> AwflK, vb> Awavb, my> myly|
5. hyeb MVb (Zrmg k) U-eMi c~e g~ab-l nq| hgb :
Awb, Ag, Avo, DwQ, Dc`v, K, Pv, Mvx, cwZv, f~wg, k, myz|
6. hyeb MVb (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k) Z-eMi c~e `-m nq| hgb :
Aab, Bdv, Dv, Iv`, Kwi, Kv, Rei`w, vb, vbxq, ^v|
7. hyeb MVb (Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k) P-eMi c~e Zvje-k nq| hgb :
Avh, `ywi, wbq, cvr, cvqw, ewK, wbw`|

P. evbvb id ( )-Gi eenvi

id-Gi ci Kv_vI ( Zrmg, AZrmg mKj k ) ebeYi wZ ne bv| hgb :
KR, Kg, Kvh, c~e, d`, ggi, kZ, m~h|

Q. evbvb O / s-Gi eenvi

1. mwZ (Zrmg k) c_g c`i kl g& _vKj K-eMi c~e g& vb s (Aby^vi) ne| hgb :
AnsKvi (Ang& +Kvi), wKsKi, wKse`w, SsKvi, fqsKi, msK, msKxY, msMxZ, msN, msNvZ,
sKvi|
2. Dchy wbqg mwRvZ bv nj, hyeb K-eMi c~e g& vb O (Dquv)) ne| hgb :
AvKvv, Azi, A, BwZ, DQLj, Kvj, KvwZ, Mv, Rw, `vv, cR, cy,
e, fw, jNb, wkvb, mx|

70

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

3. cZq I wefwnxb ki kl s (Aby^vi) eeZ nq| hgb :

Avos, B`vbxs, Ges, Vvs, Xs, cvjs, dwos, eis, is, wks|
4. Ze Aby^vihy k cZq, wefw ev ^ieY hy nj s j O jLv ne| hgb :
AvoO, UO, XO, dwoOi, iwOb, ivwOq, mOi|

Kg-Abykxjb

1. Avmvp ew nq| AwZ ewi cvwY cwibvg eq Avb ebv| jvKi K evo| `Lv `q wewfb
ivMi c`ytfve| PjvPj `yi nq co|
GB evKjv _K fzj evbvbjv LuyR ei Ki| mjv Kvb KviY fzj Zv DjL Ki|
2. Zvgvi cvVeBqi h-Kvbv GKwU M Lye fvjv Ki co| Zvici MwU _K hme evbvb B,
D-Kvi Ges h-me xevPK k C-Kvi cvIqv hvq mjvi GKwU ZvwjKv Zwi Ki| (GwU Zzwg
GKwU Myc Zwi KiI KiZ cvi|)

beg cwiQ`

Awfavb
9. Awfavb
9.1 eYvbyg
9.2 fzw I kxl k
Kg-Abykxjb
9. Awfavb
BsiwR Dictionary kwUi evsjv A_ Awfavb| Awfavb njv fvlvi mB M, hv _K H fvlvi
kmg~n, ki A_, Drm, eyrcw, c` wbYq BZvw` welq mK wek`fve Rvbv hvq| Awfavb
Rvwbq `q ki i~c KvbwU, evbvb KvbwU, A_ KvbwU| Awfavb gvbB nQ
Zvi cZxK| cw_exi me DbZ fvlviB Awfavb ev kKvl AvQ| evsjv fvlvqI msKwjZ nqQ
mg Awfavb|

9.1 eYvbyg
Awfavb ki ci k mvRvbv _vK eYvbywgKfve| c_g A w`q hme ki evbvb iy,
mjv| Zvici Av w`q, Zvici B w`q; Gfve eYi g Abymvi mvRvbv _vK Awfavb| Ze
mvaviYfve eYi h g gvb Kiv nq Zv _K Awfavb mvgvb ewZg `Lv hvq| wbP Awfavb
Afy ki eYvbyg `Lvbv njv|

mvaviY eYvbyg
A
K
U
c
n

Av B C D E F G H
L M N O P Q R S
V W X Y
Z _ ` a
d e f g h i j k
o p q r s t u

I J
T
b
l m

Awfavb eeZ eYvbyg

A Av B C D E F G H I J s t u
K L M N O P Q R S T

72

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

U V W o X p Y Z (r) _ ` a b
c d e f g h q i j k l m n
hyvii eYvbyg
M&Y L N
P Q T
oM Y&X Y Y&g
M N a U b&X
` b b
e ef ^
j j
n
Kvi wP

v w x

djvwP Y g

y ~ v

j e

^ieY, KviwP, Aby^vi, wemM I P`we`yi webvmi bgybv

K KA KAv KB KC KD KE KF KG KH KI KJ Ks Kt Ku KuK KuL ...
Kv KvA KvAv KvB KvC KvD KvE KvF KvG KvH KvI KvJ Kvs Kvt Kuv KuvK KuvL...

9.2 fzw I kxl k

Awfavb h k A_ `Iqv nq, mwU ev UvBc ev gvUv nid gyw`Z _vK| GwUK kxl k ej|
hgb :
AFYx [Awiwb] weY FYgy; FYk~b| {m. A+FY+Bb(Bwb); m. Ab&Yx}
GLvb AFYx kwU nQ kxl k|
Awfavb kxl ki A_, evLv I eenvi hfve weaZ _vK ZvK ejv nq fzw| kxl kjv hvZ
mnR LuyR cvIqv hvq, mRb Awfavb kjvK eYvbywgefve mvRvbv _vK| evsjv GKvWgx
h Awfavb eenvi wb`wkKv cYqb KiQ Zv GiKg :
Awfavb eenvi wb`wkKv
G Awfavb ki DPviY, A_, c` cwiPq, A_vi, cqvM, eyrcw cfwZ wKfve wb`k Kiv
nqQ wbgwjwLZ wb`wkKvq Zv cwizU Kivi Pv Kiv njv:

Awfavb

73

kxlk
DPviY
Aewk [AevwkkUv] weY 1 evwK| 2D| 3
AwZwi| {m. Ae+ wkh&+Z()}

mvaviY A_

weK kxhk
c` cwiPq

LZ, Z [LZ] we gvV; Pvli Rwg; kmvrcv`bi

gvV (Pvq Zviv, dmji LZ, `xwN I LvgviDcfzw
we`)|~Lvjv,~Lvgvi we Avevw` Rwg; Pvwli
Kg (GK Mjvm PvDj- cvwb LvBqv LZ- cqvMevK
Lvjv `wLZ evwni nBqv Imgvb miKvii AbK
w`bi AfvmAvgAv)| LZvwj, LwZ, wZ
we 1 Pvl-Avev` (...wewea Z wZ kvfq
`ev)|2 Z KlYi ev PvlAvev`i KvR| {m.
>cv. L>LZ}

Zi1 [Zi] weY 1 wefvi; wbgM; Pzi (GB kivei

wcqvjv w`q Zi Kwi w`j&----bB)|2 Rjwm; wfR
hvIqv (wfR Zi nq hvIqv)| {dv. Zi&
}
Zi2 [Zi] we wej^; `wi; Acv (Zi mnbvK
GKwU wZj---- AvgvKv; Zi mq bv ei, w`qB weqv
Ki----Qov)| {m. Ziv>}
Zi2 Ziv [Ziv], weY cKvii; aiYi; kwYi
(KgbZi jvK)| Ziv--eZiv weY wewfb;
cKvii; bvbv aiYi; niK iKg (Avjvi wbkb
SzjQ-PKv j^v PIov miy ZiveZiv
AVv)| e~ weY Lvivc aibi; Lvivc; `y
eqvo| {Av. Zin
}

Awfb evbvbi
GKvwaK fzw

eyrcw

Aaxb [Iwab] weY 1 Avq; ekxfZ (Avvi Aaxb)|

2 AMZ; Afz (kvmbi Aaxb)| 3 AbyMZ; A_vi msLv
eva (Aaxb Rb)| K we 1 Aaxb ew (Aaxbi c`vi msKZ
webxZ wbe`b)| 2 wbqY; Zveavb (Zvui Aaxb
Avwg KvR Kwb)| AaxbZv we AvvbyewZZv;
civaxbZv| Aaxbv, Awabx, Awabx weY AvwkZv;
ekxf~Zv; AbyMZv (Zzwg be Rjai G Ze Awabx
g, ZvBZv Kuv`vq wbwkw`bB G AaxbxbB)|
cZq
{ m. Awa + Bb(L) }
Drm- fvlv wb`k

`wR

`iwR
`e

wb` = wb`v

AwfbZv wb`kK

evbvbv [evbvbv] w 1 Zwi Kiv; Mov; cyZ Kiv

(evwo evbvbv kl nqQ)| 2 ivuav ( iwU evbvbv;
Kvgv evbvbv)| 3 iuvaevi Rb Kvbv wKQz KvUv
(gvsm evbvbv, ZiKvwi evbvbv)| 4 Kvbv wKQzi
m Zzj vb Kiv (fov evbvbv)| 5 wKQzZ
cwiYZ Kiv (evKv evbvbv)| K weY Kwg; wg_v|
{Zzj.wn.ebvbv; wqvi icevbvB, evbvI, evbvb,
evbve, evwbqv BZvw`; AmgvwcKvi icevwbq wqvi ic
evbvZ BZvw`}
cic` [civc`] we 1 k vb; cig ev mek c`|
welq wb`k
2 gv| 3 (ev.) mgvm mgmgvb c``yUvi ga
ciiwU ev wZxqwU (kabGLvb ab wZxq
evKiY wb`k
c`)| {m. ci+c`; 6Zr }

Kg-Abykxjb
1. Zvgvi nvZi KvQ h Awfavb AvQ mwU `L wKsKZeweg~p, `Dwjqv, iKgvwi I
mit kxl ki A_, evLv I eenvi jL|
2. wnmve, wnm&mv, AvQvo, AvQv`K, LvwK, LuvwU, Wcvi, Wvk, Drcv`b, DZivB, wPiywb, wPivqy,
mvg, mvgvb, djR, djvi, Bz, Bu`yi, cmvab, ckvLv kjvK Awfavbi gZv
eYbvbywgKfve mvRvI|

`kg cwiQ`

kv_
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

kv_
GKB k wewfb A_ cqvM Ki evK iPbv
mgv_K ki cqvM evK iPbv
wecixZv_K k cqvM evK iPbv
evMaviv

10. kv_
A_c~Y ki viv gvbyl cviwiK fvei Av`vb-c`vb Ki| Avi A_ nQ ki cvY|
fvlvi fve (evK, evKvsk, i~c, k, evMaviv BZvw`) hLb Bw`q (cavbZ PvL, Kvb) MnY Ki Ges
Zvi Dci h gvbwmK aviYv Rbvq, ZLb ZvK kv_ ej|
bvbv KviY ki A_i cwieZb NU| wbP ki A_ cwieZbi wKQz bgybv Zzj aiv njv|

10.1 GKB k wewfb A_ cqvM Ki evK iPbv

evsjv fvlvq KZjv k wfb A_ eeZ nq| wekl, weklY I wqv RvZxq GB c`jv evK
eeZ nq wekl wekl Zvrchc~Y A_ cKvk Ki| Gjv GKw`K hgb GKwU ki wfb wfb A_
cKvk Ki, Aciw`K Zgwb evKi m`h mvab Ki _vK| hgb :

1. K_v
Dw
: iex`bv_i K_v, gwiZ Pvwn bv Avwg my`i fzeb|
ZK
: GB evcvi c-wec AbK K_v nqQ|
cwZkywZ : ZvgvK Avwg K_v w`jvg|
cve : Zvgvi K_vq Avwg ivwR|
wZivi : cov bv civq mvii KvQ K_v bZ njv|
cmg : K_vq K_vq Zvgvi bvgwU Gm Mj|

kv_

75

2. Kvb
keY A
ewai
KYMvPi
gbvhvM
cKvk
wbj

: bvfv Kvb `yj ciQ|

: jvKwU Kvb kvb bv|
: K_vUv eov mvnei Kvb cuQQ|
: Avgvi K_vq Kvb `vI|
: K_vUv cuvP Kvb Kiv bv|
: mvbi gZv `yKvb KvUv jvK Avi `wLwb|

3. KuvPv
AcK

: AvgwU KuvPv njI ek wgw|

Awm

: KuvPv `ya mevi nRg nq bv|

Ac~Y

: Avgvi KuvPv NygwU fvOvj Kb?

A`

: KuvPv jvK w`q evwo evwbqv bv|

: KuvPv KvV Avb Rj bv|

AcwiYZ : GB k KvRi Rb QjwU e KuvPv|

`yej

: QjwU A KuvPv|

4. KvUv
Z
b
Pzwi
Qvej
Q`cZb

: KvUv Nvq Avi bybi wQUv w`I bv|

: cvKvq KvUv eBjv Avi covi gZv bB|
: cii MuvU KvUv Ii ^fve|
: mvc KvUv jvKwUK mevB `LZ GmQ|
: ZvjKvUv Mvb bZ fvjv jvM bvwK?

5. LvIqv
fvRb : Avgvi LvIqv nqQ|
Nyl
: gwbi mvneK mevB UvKv LvIqv Awdmvi wnmeB Pb|
evav
: KvRi iyZB avv LvIqv fvjv jY bq|
w`we
: gv_v LvI, GLb hI bv|
wZivi : wkKi KvQ agK LvIqv we_yi wbZw`bi Afvm|
gvwbq Pjv : msmvi mevi mv_ Lvc LvBq PjZ nq|

76

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

6. Mig
D

: GK Kvc Lye Mig Pv `vI|

Mx

: ekvL-R MigKvj|

DM

: Zvgvi Mig gRvRK Avwg fq cvB bv|

AnsKvi : `y b^wi UvKvi Mig iwngi cv hb gvwUZ co bv|

Pov

: mieivn Kg _vKj evRvi Mig _vK|

kxZ wbeviK : kxZKvj Mig Kvco bv nj Pj bv|

7. Mv
kixi

: ivgvbvi Mvqi is dmv|

Mvn

: Zvi Kvbv K_vB Avwg Mvq gvwL bv|

Clv

: cii fvjv `Lj ivwRbvi Mv Rj|

cwiavb

: Mvq bZzb Rvgv `LwQ, Ke wKbj?

AvZMvcb : cywjk `L PviwU Mv-XvKv w`j|

Af

: gvvb`i `ivZ GLb Mv mIqv nq MQ|

8. Mjv
Mxev

: wPwoqvLvbvq j^v Mjvi wRivd `LwQ|

: Zvi myijv Mjvi Mvb fvjv hvq bv|

cxwZi fve : I`i `yRbi ek Mjvq Mjvq fve|

AwZ webq : Mje nq iZbevey mvnvh PvBjb|
evSv

: cii MjMn nq _vKvi BQ Avgvi bB|

Acgvb

: jvKUvK Mjvavv w`q ei Ki `vI|

9. Pvj
Zzzj

: Ni Pvj evo, Lve Kx?

Nii Qv` : dzUv Pvj w`q ewi cvwb co|

AvPvi-eenvi : Zvi Pvj-Pjb gvUB fvjv bq|
gZje

: mwjg Lye Mfxi Rji gvQ, Zvi Pvj evSv KwVb|

Avo^i : iwngi evBiB hZ Pvj, fZi GKeviB duvcv|

Ni-msmvi : Pvj-Pzjvi wVK bB, ZvgvK gq `e K?

kv_

77

10. PvL
AuvwL
: Avgiv PvL w`q `wL|
`w
: cywjki PvL Avmvwgi w`K|
duvwK
: PviwU cywjki PvL Gwoq cvwjq Mj|
ivM
: iwdKi PvL DVQ ej fxlY K AvQ|
fq `Lvbv : AvgvK PvL ivwOq jvf ne|
jv
: Zvgvi PvLi Pvgov _vKj Avi Avgvi mvgb AvmZ bv|

11. QvU
Kwb
bxP
nxb
webxZ
nq Kiv

: iweb Avgvi QvU fvB|

: Zvgvi gZv QvU gbi gvbyl Avwg Avi `yUv `wLwb|
: QvU KvR ej wKQz bB|
: eov hw` nZ PvI, QvU nI Ze|
: RvZi K_v ej KvDK QvU Kiv wVK bv|

12. Qvov
ZvM
gyw
kxnxb
DP^i
eZxZ

: Zvi gZv msmvi Qvov jvK Avwg Avi `wLwb|

: gvmyg AvRB Rj _K Qvov cqQ|
: jxQvov msmvi fvjv wKQz wPv KivB fzj|
: Mvb wkLZ nj Qvov Mjvq cwZw`b iIqvR KiZ ne|
: mZi c_ Qvov gyw bB|

13. Zvj
Zejvi evj: Zejvq Zvj eRQ ZvM wabv wab wab|
Q`nxb : Zvj KvUv Mvb fvjv jvM bv|
dj wekl : ZvjMvQ GK cvq `uvwoq, me MvQ Qvwoq, DuwK gvi AvKvk|
axi
: evwo Zwii KvR wXgv Zvj PjQ|
gvwbq Pjv : mevi mv_ Zvj wgwjq Pjvi gq wgwb bq|

14. Zvjv
Dvjb
Dvcb
msMn
Quov
Mvn Kiv

: evsK _K UvKv Zvjv nqQ|

: K_vUv Avgvi Zvjvi K_v bv, Zzwg ej|
: miKvi h-Kvbv aibi Puv`v Zvjv wbwl KiQ|
: MvQ _K dzj Zzjv bv|
: m Avgvi K_v KvbB Zzjj bv|

78

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

15. aiv
AvUK
: PviUvK nvZbvZ aiv nqQ|
k
: Zvgvi nvZLvbv GKevi aiZ PvB|
fvjv jvMv : Zvi MwU Avgvi gb aiQ|
wbaviY : Zzwg wbR _K GKUv `vg ai `vI|
Zvlvgy` : msmvi avgvaiv jvKi Afve bB|
hYv : gv_vUv e aiQ|

16. bvK
bvwmKv : wZmv bvK b_ ciQ|
k Kiv : Nygi ga AbKB bvK WvK|
wbw : cixv kl, Gevi bvK Zj w`q NygvI|
wZ
: wbRi bvK KU cii hvv f Ki Zvgvi Kx jvf njv?
AbwaKvi PPv : Avgvi evcvi bvK MjvZ Gmv bv|

17. bvg
cwiPq
LvwZ
LvwZgvb
iY
^g~j
DjL

: Zvgvi bvg Kx?

: wKU Lj ivRb ek bvg KiQ|
: wZwb GKRb bvgKiv DwKj|
: me mgq mwKZvi bvg be|
: bvggv `vg evwowU wew nq Mj|
: GKUv b`xi bvg ej|

18. cvKv
cwicK
AKvjcK
wbcyY
`
vqx
cyivcywi

: AvgwU cvKv|
: QjwUi eqm A, wKy K_vq cvKv|
: wgbv BsiwRZ cvKv|
: cvKv wgw w`q evwo evwbqwQ|
: KvcowUi is cvKv|
: cvKv Pwjk w`b zj QzwU|

19. eo
AMR
`xN

: ivg Avgvi eo fvB|

: cv evsjv`ki eo b`x|

kv_

abx
AZ
DbwZ Kiv
AvZxq

79

: jvKgvb mvne eo jvK|

: eo wec` co Zvgvi KvQ GmwQ|
: eo nI wbRi Pvq|
: evwoZ eo KzUzg GmQ|

20. eyK
e
: evevi eyK nVvr e_v DVQ|
mvnm
: Zvgvi `LwQ Lye eyKi cvUv!
Me
: Zvgvi KwZZ Avgv`i eyK dzj DVQ|
kvw
: Gwmi evZvm eyKUv Rywoq Mj|
nZvk
: wiZv dj KiQ b Zvi evevi eyKUv hb fO Mj|
fxlY K : ezi gZzi Lei Avgvi eyK dU Kvbv AvmwQj|

21. fvjv
Kzkj
gj
mr
my`i
wnZevK
myLei

: fvjv AvQ Zv?

: Cki mevi fvjv Kiyb|
: Payix mvne Lye fvjv jvK|
: gqwUi Pnviv GZ fvjv h Kx eje!
: fvjv K_v bj ZvgviB gj|
: Zvgvi Rb GKUv fvjv Lei AvQ|

22. g`
Lvivc
: g` jvKi mv_ wgkZ bB|
Amr
: g` KvRi cwiYvg fvjv nq bv|
Af
: jvKwU g`fvM wbqB RbQ|
axi axi : RvnvRwU g` g` GQ|
`vg Kgv : kqvi evRvi GLb g`v|

23. gv_v
gK : Zvi gv_vq AbK Pzj|
cavb
: wZwb G Muvqi gv_v|
cYvg
: I Avgvi `ki gvwU, Zvgvi ci VKvB gv_v|
mshvMj : ivvi Pgv_vq Avgv`i evwo|
cwikg
: kwgKiv gv_vi Nvg cvq dj ivRMvi Ki|
eySZ cviv : AwU Avgvi gv_vq XzKQ bv|

80

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

24. gyL
kixii A : Zvgvi gyLUv fxlY my`i|
K_v

: gyL gay Ai wel|

mshZ

: gyL mvgj K_v ejv|

gZv

: hZ eo gyL bq, ZZ eo K_v|

cekc_

: Mwji gyLB Avgv`i evwo|

mvnm

: gyL dzU K_vUv ej dj|

25. gvwU
ayjv / Kv`v : QjwU gvwUZ MovMwo w`q Kuv`Q|
kv / mij : iwdK mvne GKRb gvwUi gvbyl|
evKvwg

: kqvii eemvq bg GKevi gvwU LqwQ|

Kei

: ZvK Kv_vq gvwU `Iqv ne Avwg Rvwb bv|

: covbv bv Ki RxebUv gvwU Kiv bv|

bvQvoev`v : miKvwi KvR cZ nj gvwU Kvgo co _vKZ nq|

26. ivLv
vcb

: eBjv RvqMv gZv ivLv|

MwQZ

: UvKvjv evsK iL Gmv|

Avkq

: AvgvK Zvgvi cvq ivLv cfz|

bvgKiY

: bvg iLwQ ebjZv|

mvb

: QjwU evevi bvg iLQ|

dj Avmv : UvKvi _wjwU iL GmwQ|

27. jvMv
k

: Zvgvi kixi wK Avgvi nvZ jMQ|

_vgv

: bKvwU NvU jMQ|

wbhy

: mygb PvKwiZ jMQ|

iy

: m~hMnY jvMvi mgq nq GmQ|

kyZv

: Kviv wcQb jvMv wVK bv|

kv_

81

28. jvj
is

: jvj RvgvZ ZvgvK ek gvwbqQ|

RjLvbv : gZvwb Kij jvj`vjvb cvwVq `e|

e nIqv : Amr ezi cvjvq co Zvi eemvq jvjevwZ RjQ|
va

: AvgvK jvjPvL `wLI bv, Avwg fq cvB bv|

cy

: Avv jvj Zwi Lyb wKqv Lywbqv|

29. jvK
gvbyl

: iwng mvne fvjv jvK|

RbmvaviY : Lvivc KvR Kij jvKwb`v bZ nq|

gZz

: Rwmg mvne MZKvj cijvKMgb KiQb|

gRyi

: jvK w`q KvR Kivj bRi ivLZ nq|

: wkiv jvK-Kvwnwb bZ fvjvevm|

30. mviv
mgM / me : mviv Mvg Ryo nP co MQ|
AvKzj

: wkwU gvK LuyR bv cq Ku` mviv njv|

givgZ : bKvi dzUv mviv nqQ|

mgv

: hvK&, GZY KvRwU mviv nqQ|

nqivb / Kv : i` Nyi Nyi mviv nqwQ|

10.2 mgv_K ki cqvM evK iPbv

evsjv fvlvi kfvvi Ggb KZKjv k AvQ hjv GKB A_ enb Ki| GiKg mg-A_vcK
wfb kK mgv_Kk, mgv_k, weKk ev cwZk ej|
GKB A_en ki ga ewP _vK| AvKwZ, ebv I Mvxhi w`K _K Gme ki cv_K
_vK| mgv_Kk Rvbv _vKj jLvi ev ejvi mgq GKB k evi evi eenvi KiZ nq bv| dj
evi ev jLKi gbi fve AbK my`i I AvKlYxqfve cKvwkZ nq|
wbP mgv_Kk ev cwZki KwZcq `v evK cqvM Ki `Lvbv njv :

82

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

1. AwM : Ni Avb jM AwM` nq wZbRb gviv MQ|

Abj : myLi jvwMqv G Ni euvwaby Abj cywoqv Mj|
AvMyb : Avbi cikgwY QuvqvI cvY|
ew : RvMv bvix RvMv ewwkLv|
mefyK : `LZ `LZ wbgZwj ekvbii D`i Pj Mj|
2. Ak
NvUK
Nvov
Zzi
evwR

: AkLyi ayjv Dwoq Akvivnx QzU Pj Mj|

: RMv avcvi NvUK Zvi gZvB `yej Avi nvo wRiwRi|
: Nvovq Pwoqv g` nuvwUqv Pwjj|
: `yi MwZZ Zzi QzU PjQ|
: bevei Av`k evwRcvj evwR wbq nvwRi njv|

3. AbygwZ : Avgvi Ni XzKZ ZvgvK AbygwZ wbZ ne bv|

Avv : AvmZ Avv nvK|
Av`k : Av`k Kib hvnv gvi iyRb, Avwg hb mB KvR Kwi fvjv gb|
wb`k : zji eZb cwikva Kivi Rb cavb wkK Qv`i wb`k w`jb|
Kzg : gvwRUi Kzg cywjk AvmvwgK KvVMovq DVvj|
4. AvKvk : AvKvk AvR gN bB|
Avmgvb : bxj wmqv Avmgvb jvj jvj `ywbqv|
MMb : MMb MiR gN Nb eilv|
`yjvK: f~jvK `yjvK MvjK fw`qv Lv`vi Avmb Avik Qw`qv, DwVqvwQ wPiweq Avwg wekweavZi|
bf : n_v kvgj `~ev`j, bebxj bfj|
5. AvKvv: gvbyli AvKvvi kl bB|
BQv : BQv _vKj Dcvq nq|
Kvgbv : evsjv`ki KjvY Kvgbv Kwi|
evv : Cki Zvgvi gbvevv c~iY Kiyb|
mva : Avgvi mva bv wgwUj, Avkv bv cywij mKjB dzivq hvq gv|
6. Dg : Dg wbwZ Pj Aagi mv_|
Dcv`q: ew`b Ggb Dcv`q Lvevi LvBwb|
eiY : kvgmyi ivngvb GKRb `keiY Kwe|
fvjv : eKzj Lye fvjv Qj|
k : iex`bv_i k KveM KvbwU Zv ejv KwVb|

kv_

83

7. Kzj
Mv
RvZ
RvwZ
eY

: eiyYi wZb Kzj KD bB|

: Zvgvi Mv cwiPq `vI|
: me jvK Kq jvjb Kx RvZ msmvi|
: RMr Rywoqv AvQ GK RvwZ, m RvwZi bvg gvbyl RvwZ|
: gvbyl gvbyl eYf` _vKv fvjv bv|

8. Avjq
Mn
Ni
avg
evwo

: wkvi Rb we`vjq hZ nq|

: Mnnxb Mn w`j Avwg _vwK Ni|
: Avgvi G Ni fvwOqvQ hev, Avwg Zvi Ni euvwa|
: G aivavg Qo GKw`b mKjKB Pj hZ ne|
: Avgvi evwo hI gi emZ `e wcuo|

9. P` : AvR P`MnY ne|

Puv` : c~wYgvi Puv` hb Sjmvbv iywU|
kkv : kkv KjiLv K w`qQ GuK?
kkai : kkaii c~Y Avjvq cw_ex Sjgj KiQ|
kkx : GKjv kkx RvwMj AvKvk evZvqb Lyj w`qv|
10. Rj
cqt
cvwb
evwi
mwjj

: Rj co cvZv bo|
: G knii cqtwbvkb eev fvjv bq|
: we cvwbi Aci bvg Rxeb|
: elvi evwiavivq cw_ex mRxe nq DVQ|
: So j Wye hvIqvq AbK jvKi mwjj-mgvwa njv|

11. A_
Kwo
UvKv
`jZ
ab

: RMZ A_B mKj Ab_i g~j|

: cvi NvUZ Gm `wL cvii Kwo bvB|
: UvKv nj evNi `yaI gj|
: `jZ cvwbZ dj bwK Ki|
: abi gvbyl eo bq, gbi gvbyl eo|

12. MvO : giv MvO evb GmQ|

ZwUbx : ZwUbxi Zi fvmvjvg Gevi fjv|
ZiwYx: Ni euawQ kwi bvgK ZiwYxi Zxi|
b`x : Avgv`i QvU b`x Pj euvK euvK|
cevwnYx: cevwnYx QzU Pj mvMii cvb|

84

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

13. Rb
bi
gvbe
gvbyl
jvK

: RbMY mKj gZvi Drm|

: bi-evbii hy iveY wbnZ nq|
: wevbxiv gvbe RvwZi KjvY wbijm MelYv Ki PjQb|
: gvbyl mwi miv Rxe|
: jvK ej eji Ni-evwo fvjv bv Avgvi|

14. ceZ
wMwi
cvnvo
f~ai
kj

: ceZgvjv AvKvki cvb Pvwnqv bv Kn K_v|

: `yMg-wMwi Kvvi giy `yi cvivevi|
: AvKvk njvb w`q cvnvo Nygvq IB|
: AvQ Abj-Awbj, wPi-bfbxj f~ai mwjj Mnb|
: kjk Zzlvi XvKv coQ|

15. cvwL
LM
LPi
cwL
wen

: cvwLme Ki ie, ivwZ cvnvBj|

: gq~i-gq~ix mvix-K Avw` LM|
: LPi PjQ Do bFZ KvY|
: DBov hvqi nsmcwL, cBov iqi Qvqv|
: hvevi mgq njv weni|

16. cw_ex : cw_exi cvq cuwPk KvwU jvK evsjv fvlvq K_v ej|
RMr : GB RMZ Avgvi Avcb ejZ KD bB|
aiv : kiZ aivZj wkwki Sjgj|
emyiv: ab ab cy fiv, Avgv`i GB emyiv|
wek : wek Rvov cvVkvjv gvi mevi Avwg Qv|
fzeb : gwiZ Pvwn bv Avwg my`i fzeb|
17. dzj
Kzmyg
cy
cm~b

: mevB dzj cQ` Ki|

: Kvbb Kzmyg-Kwj mKjB dzwUj|
: cy Avcbvi Rb dvU bv|
: gwi gwi! G Kx cm~b kvfvq mRQ Avgvi Mn!

18 : eb
AUwe
AiY
Rj
ebvbx

: ebiv eb my`i|
: AUwe evqyek DwVZ m DQwm|
: `vI wdi m AiY, jI G bMi|
: Rj evN _vK|
: kir `ycyi Nb ebvbxi ga NyNyi WvK wbqvQ|

kv_

85

19. evZvm : Sov evZvm me jf Ki w`j|

ceb : cebeM m Mvwo Pvwjq w`j|
evq : `wLbv evq gvwMQ we`vq kvj exw_Kvi KvQ|
evqy : Wvvi ZvK evqy cwieZb KiZ ejQb|
mgxi : Mvi Zxi wm mgxi Rxeb Ryovj Zzwg|
20. we`yr : we`yr Qvov gvbyli `bw`b Rxeb GLb AKbxq|
Ycfv : wYKi Ycfvq ZvK GK SjK `Ljvg|
Zwor : jvKwU ZwoZvnZ nq gviv Mj|
weRwj : weRwjevwZZ cyiv kniUv hb PgKvQ|
weRywi : weRywi Sjm hb gb|
21. ivZ : w`bivZ cwikg Ki PjwQ, myLi bvMvj cvB bv|
wbwk : wbwk fvi nqQ, Gevi AuvwL Lvj|
wbkx_ : wbkx_ hvBI dzj eb|
wbkxw_bx: gayi njv weayi njv gvaex wbkxw_bx|
hvwgbx : Kb hvwgbx bv hZ RvMvj bv|
22. ivRv : GK `k wQj GK ivRv|
AwacwZ: evei wQjb fviZi c_g gyNj AwacwZ|
bcwZ : AvjKRvvii gZv exi bcwZ wek weij|
f~cwZ : f~cwZK `L gweM DV `uvovjb|
mgvU : mgvU AkvK wQjb RMwLvZ exi|
23. mvMi
Rjwa
cv_vi
mgy`
wmz

: GK mvMi ii wewbgq AwRZ nqQ Avgv`i ^vaxbZv|

: Dvj Rjwa e Kvi y` ZixLvwb wbweN PjQ cvi?
: AK~j cv_vi Avwg fvwmqwQ Avgvi Zix|
: mvZ mgy` Zi b`xi cvi AvQ GK i~cK_vi `k|
: IB gnvwmzi Icvi _K Kx msMxZ fm Avm!

24. my`i : Avgv`i `kwU Lye my`i|

gbvig: gbvig aiYxi Zzjbv nq bv|
gbvni: Zvi gbvni Pnviv `L mevB gy nq|
igYxq : evn! Kx igYxq vb!
kvfb : Zvi cvkvK-AvkvK Pvj-Pjb ek kvfb|

86

25. mvbv
KbK
Kvb
^Y
wniY

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

: mvbv AZ g~jevb avZz|

: KbKKwlZ Kvw Kgbxq Kvq|
: ib Kvb Avi gvaex eKzj|
: ^Yi `vg AvKvkPz^x|
: wniY Rwii Iobv Mvq|

26. m~h : c~ew`M m~h DVQ ijvj|

AiyY : AiyY wKiY `q gaMMb|
w`evKi: gN gN XK MQ w`evKi|
fvby : fvbyi Kcvq kxZi cKvc _K Dj QjwU iv cj|
iwe : iwei wKiY jM Ki wSwKwgwK|
27. mc : mc nq `skb Kiv, ISv nq Svov|
Awn : Awn-bKzji hy jMQ|
Avkxwel: wK hvZbv wel eywSe m wKm, Kfz Avkxwel `skwb hvi|
bvM : mev `swkj gvi bvM bvMevjv|
dYx : cev` AvQ dYxi gv_vq gwY _vK|
mvc : evci evc! Kv eov mvc!
28. gv_v
gK
gyy
gyov
wki

: Zvi gv_vq AbK Pzj|

: gw AvQ ejB gKi `vg|
: K_vq K_vq m Kb Zvgvi gyzcvZ Ki?
: eyov eqm Zvi gvQi gyov Lvevi mva nqQ|
: wki bnvwi Avgvwi bZwki IB wkLi wngvw`i|

29. PvL
AuvwL
Pz
bqb
b

: Zvgvi PvL `ywU Lye my`i|

: Zvgvi AuvwLi gZv AvKvki `ywU Zviv|
: Pz _vKZ Ai gZv Pjv Kb?
: bqb fiv Rj Mv Zvgvi AuvPj fiv dzj|
: Zvi b _K UcUc Ki Aky coZ jvMj|

30. Kvb : Kvb Uvbj gv_v Avm|

KY : Zvi K_vq KYcvZ Kiv bv|
kywZ : Zvgvi K_v evevi KYMvPi nq wb|
kywZc_ : wPrKvi Ki ejv bqZv Zvi kywZc_ XzKe bv|

kv_

87

10.3 wecixZv_K k cqvM evK iPbv

evsjv fvlvq Ggb KZKjv k AvQ hjv ciii wecixZ A_ cKvk Ki| ciii m~Y
wecixZ A_ cKvkK Gme kK wecixZv_K k ej|
fvlvi m`h mw Ges fve-cKvki evcKZvi Rb G RvZxq k Rvbv Riywi| wbP KqKwU
wecixZv_K ki bgybv evK mnhvM Zzj aiv njv|
Aag Dg

: Zzwg Aag ejB AvgvK Dg nZ ne|

Avq eq

: Avq eyS eq Ki|

DcKvi AcKvi : Kviv DcKvi KiZ bv cviv, AcKvi Kiv bv|

Ea wbg

: Ea MMb evR gv`j, wbg DZjv aiYx Zj|

KzrwmZ my`i : Zvgiv Zvi evBii my`i PnvivwU `LQ, fZii KzrwmZ gbwU `Lwb|
LvwZ ALvwZ : mwjgi LvwZi mv_ mv_ wKQz ALvwZI AvQ|
M` c`

: Avwg M` wjwL, c` wjLZ cvwi bv|

NUb ANUb

: jLKiv ANUbNUbcUxqmx cwZfv wbq Rbvb|

Pjv _vgv

: PjZ PjZ _vgj Kb?

Rb gZz

: Rb hLb wbqwQ gZz Zv AeavwiZ|

UK wgw

: eYy UK LZ cQ` Ki, wgw gvUB Lvq bv|

Vvv Mig

: Mig Mjv wKq MQ, GKUz Vvv cvwb LvIqve?

Wvb evg

: ivvq Pjvi mgq evgw`K w`q Pje, Wvbw`K w`q bq|

XvKv Lvjv

: Lvevi XvKv w`q bv iL Lvjv iLQ Kb?

Zij KwVb

: Zij cvwb Rg KwVb eid cwiYZ nq|

w`b ivZ

: ivZ gkv w`b gvwQ, GB wbq KjKvZvq AvwQ|

asm mw

: Avwg mw, Avwg asm, Avwg jvKvjq, Avwg kkvb, Avwg Aemvb, wbkvemvb|

wbixn `y`v : ZvK `L hZUv wbixn fveQ, I ZZUvB `y`v|

cUz AcUz

: cKvk KvR hZ AcUz, LvIqvq ZZLvwbB cUz|

cKvk Mvcb : mwZ KLbv Mvcb _vK bv, GKw`b bv GKw`b cKvk cveB|

88

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

dmv Kvjv

: dm-Kvjvq wKQz hvq-Avm bv, Avwg GKRb mr I wekvmx ez PvB|

eo QvU

: eo hw` nZ PvI, QvU nI Ze|

fRv Kbv : Zvgvi fRv gv_vUv Kbv Zvqvj w`q gyQ bvI|
hZ ZZ

: hZ eo gyL bq, ZZ eo K_v!

k~b c~Y

: k~bi Kwie c~Y, GB eZ ewne m`vB|

10.4 evMaviv
fvlvq Ggb wKQz k ev evKvsk _vK, hv mvaviY A_i evBi wewk A_ cKvk Ki _vK| GB me
k ev evKvskK evMaviv ev evwMwa ej|
evMaviv evsjv fvlvq wewk m`| evMavivi gvag evi gbi Mfxi fveK A K_vq my`ifve
cKvk Kiv hvq| Gjv fvlvK kwkvjx ebvgq I Zvrchc~Y Ki Zvj| ZvB me fvlvZB
evMavivi wekl cqvM j Kiv hvq|
wbP evMavivi wKQy bgybv `Iqv njv|
A Av K L

: (cv_wgK vb) : Zvgvi Zv `LwQ A Av K L vb bB, PvKwiUv cj wKfve?

AKvjKzv

: (Ac`v_) : AKvjKzv QjK w`q Kvbv KvR ne bv|

AvgovMvwQ Kiv : (Zvlvgy`) : AvRKvj AvgovMvwQ bv Kij Kvbv KvR nvwmj nq bv|
Bu`yi Kcvj

: (g`fvM) : GZ eo PvKwi cqI ai ivLZ cvij bv, Zvgvi gZv Bu`yi Kcvj
Avi K AvQ!

DRvbi KB

: (mnRjf) : gvevBj dvb GLb DRvbi KBqi gZv, hLvb mLvb cvIqv hvq|

Kvcyo evey

: (evwnK mf) : AvRKvj mwZKvi A_ f`jvK bB, mevB Kvcyo evey|

wLPzwo cvKvbv : (RwUj Kiv) : hv eje mnR Ki ej, Ah_v wLPzwo cvwKqv bv|
MiR eo evjvB : (cqvRb iyZ ) : cixv Nvoi Ici, ZvB eB wKbZ ne, MiR eo evjvB|
Ni _vKZ eveyB wfRv : (myhvM _vKZ K) : evevi AMva UvKv, A_P Zzwg wKbv wUDkwb Ki Pjv,
Ni _vKZ eveyB fRv Kb?
PvL muvZvi cvwb : (AwZwi gvqvKvbv) : evOi kvK mvci PvL `wL muvZvi cvwb|

kv_

89

Quov Pzj Luvcv euvav : (e_v Pv) : evevi mvgvb Avq msmviB Pj bv, mLvb Avgvi cvBfU covi
kL Quov Pzj Luvcv euvavi gZvB nvmKi|
SuvKi K

: (`jfz) : ivRbxwZZ cwZx, wKy ^v_i ejvq me GKB SuvKi KB|

UvKvi Mig

: (A_i AnsKvi) : UvKvi Mig gvnbi cv gvwUZ co bv|

Zvgvi wel

: (A_i Kz-cfve) : gavex QjK Zvgvi wel aivq m Gevi cixvq dj KiQ|

Zzjmx ebi evN : (f) : iwb w`b h evwoZ KvR Ki, ivZ mB evwoZB Pzwi KiZ hvq; I
nQ Zzjmx ebi evN|
`ya-fvZ _vKv : ( myL _vKv ) : Avgvi mvb hb _vK `ya-fvZ|
bvwoi Uvb

: (Mfxi ggZeva) : we`k wMqI AbK `ki cwZ bvwoi Uvb Abyfe Kib|

cvji Mv`v

: (`jcwZ) : cvji Mv`v aiv coQ, Gevi evwKivI aiv coe|

cU cU eyw : (`yzeyw) : gqwUi cU cU GZ eyw RvbZvg bv Zv!

evOi Avaywj

: (mvgvb A_) : evOi Avaywj m^j Ki eemv Kiv hvq bv|

wfUvq NyNy Pivbv : (me^v) : Zvgvi wfUvq NyNy Pwiq Qvoe|

gvQi gvqi cykvK : (wg_v kvK) : Mwiei Rb eojvKi `i`Uv gvQi gvqi cykvKi gZvB|
wkeivwi mjZ : (GKgv mvb) : ARyb Zvi evev-gvqi wkeivwi mjZ, ZvB mevB ZvK me
mgq PvL PvL ivL|
mvbvi cv_i evwU : (Ame e) : mvci cv `Lv Avi mvbvi cv_i evwUZ myc LvIqv `yUvB
Avgvi KvQ Avlvp Mi gZv|
n-h-e-i-j

: (wekLj) : evevi gZzZ MvQvbv msmviUv Kgb hb n-h-e-i-j nq Mj|

90

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

Kg-Abykxjb
1. evRvi Avb jMQ| Sov evZvm eBQ| cvwb w`Z ne | `gKj-evwnbxi jvKRb GmQ|
Avb jKjwKq AvKvki w`K DVQ| Dj Avb AyZfve mewKQz cyoQ|
Dcii AbyQ`UzKz fvjv Ki co| AbyQ` hme ki mgv_K k Zvgvi Rvbv AvQ
mjvi mgv_K k jL Ges `ywU Ki evK evbvI|
2. gvbyl-Gi gv_v _KB me wb`k Avm| PvL `L, Kvb kvb Avi VuvU bo bo K_v ej|
me BQv-AwbQv, `ytL I Avb`-Gi evZv Avm gv_v _K|
AbyQ`wUZ gvUv`vMi hme k AvQ, mjvi cwZk wjL gbi gZv evK Zwi Ki|
3. gNgy ivZi AvKvk| kxZj evZvm dzji myM| wbgj cwe G ivZ ayB wgjbi| cmb wP
ZvB hb DbyL nq KweZvi wgj LuyR di|
Dcii AbyQ`i gvUv `vMi kjvi A_mn wecixZv_K k jL|
4. Zzwg wbR GiKg GKwU AbyQ` iPbv Ki Ges mLvb _K GKwU ev `ywU k eQ wbq mwUi
wewfb A_ cqvM `wLq evK Zwi Ki|

..............

wbwgwZ

1.

Abyaveb kw

1.1

Abyaveb kw cixv

2.

mvivsk I mvigg

3.

fvemcmviY

4.

c iPbv : ewMZ c, Ave`b c, wbgY c

5.

ce iPbv

92

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

1. Abyaveb kw
wjwLZ h Kvbv welq Kvbv bv Kvbv gvbyl cvV Ki _vK wKy h AskUzKz co Zvi g~jfve
mwVKfve Dcjw KiZ cvi ZvK ejv nq Zvi Abyaveb `Zv| GKwU cvV wKQz k _vK, wKQz
bZzb welq _vKZ cvi hvi A_ ev aviYv Rvbv bv _vKj cvVwUi c~Y aviYv jvf mnR nq bv| ZvB
GKwU cvV m~Yi~c eySZ nj cvV mswk wKQz welqI RvbZ Ges eySZ nq| Avevi Zv Kej
gyL Kij mwU ewkw`b gb bvI _vKZ cvi| mB Rvbv vb Ab Kvbv cvVi mv_ ev vbi
mv_ gjvZ cvivi gZvI _vKZ nq| G fveB Abyaveb `Zv cwic~Yfve AwRZ nq|

Abyaveb kw cixv :
`b, cZxwZ, cv, wngj, eY, cvw kxZi QywUZ RMrcwZ eovZ wMqQ| Iiv mevB
GjvKvwU Nyi Nyi `Lj| ILvb GKwU cv_wgK we`vjq, GKwU DP we`vjq I GKwU evRvi AvQ|
GjvKvi AwaKvsk gvbylB wkwZ| KwlRxex, PvKwiRxex, eemvqxmn bvbv ckvi gvbyl mLvb emevm
Ki| ekwKQz jvK RxweKvi ZvwM` gacvP I BDivcmn bvbv `k PvKwi wbq MQ| GjvKvi
RbMY gvUvgywU mQj| e`wkK A_ jb-`bi Rb ILvb ekwKQz evsK cwZwZ nqQ| Kvbv
Kvbv evwoZ dzji evMvb iqQ| RMrcw evsjv`ki GKwU Av`k MvgxY GjvKv|

Kg Abykxjb :
1. cZxwZ ki A_ Kx?
2. KwlRxex Kviv?
3. `b ki wZbwU cwZk w`q evK Zwi Ki|
4. Zvgvi GjvKvi m RMrcwi mv`k I ekv`kjv jL|

wbwgwZ

93

2. mvivsk I mvigg
mvivsk
2.1

Kv_v _K GmQ Avgv`i evsjv fvlv? fvlv wK Rb bq gvbyli gZv? ev hgb exR
_K MvQ Rb Zgbfve Rb bq fvlv? bv, fvlv gvbyl ev Ziyi gZv Rb bq bv| evsjv
fvlvI gvbyl ev Ziyi gZv Rb bqwb, Kvbv KwZ ^M _KI Avmwb| GLb Avgiv h
evsjv fvlv ewj GK nvRvi eQi AvM Zv wVK Ggb wQj bv| m-fvlvq G-`ki gvbyl K_v
ejZ, Mvb MvBZ, KweZv evbvZ| gvbyli gyL gyL e`j hvq fvlvi awb| i~c e`j hvq
ki, e`j NU A_i| AbKw`b KU Mj gb nq fvlvwU GKwU bZzb fvlv nq
DVQ| Avi m-fvlvi e`j NUB Rb nqQ evsjv fvlvi|

mvivsk : fvlvi agB nQ e`j hvIqv| gvbyli gyL gyL e`j hvq fvlvi awb| kiI e`j NU
Ges m m ki A_iI| nvRvi eQii cwieZbi avivevwnKZvq Ggwb fveB Avgv`i evsjv
fvlvi Rb nqQ|
2.2

Avb` cKvk Rxebxkwi cejZviB cKvk| Avb`K Avgiv eywS i~c-im-k-k-M

BZvw`i mvnvh, Bw`qmKji mvnvh| gvbyl hLb Avb` cvq ZLb m Zvi gbK cKvk
KiZ Pvq bvbv i~c| ZvB mw njv wPwkx, bZwkx, msMxZwkx, Kwe, mvwnwZK|
cyivKvji nvgvbyl _K iy Ki eZgvb hyM ch gvbyl wbRi cvIqv Avb`K my`iK
Ab gvbyli ga wevi KiZ PqQ| ZvB mw nqQ bvbvb AvwKi wkKjv|

mvivsk : gvbyli Rxebxkwi cKvk NU Avb`| Zvi mg Bw`q w`q Avb`K m Dcjw Ki|
mB Avb`vbyf~wZ mevi KvQ RvbvZ Pvq| ZvB Qwe, Mvb, KweZv, bvP, fvh BZvw` wkKjvi
gvag gvbyl Zvi Avb`K cKvk Ki| GB Avb` I my`i eva gvbyli gbK Z Ki|
2.3

evOvwj hw`b HKe nq ejZ cvie evOvwji evsjv mw`b Zviv Amva mvab Kie|
evOvwji gZv vb-kw I cg-kw (eb mUvi I nvU mUvi) Gwkqvq Kb, eywS
cw_exZ Kvbv RvwZi bB| wKy Kg-kw GKevi bB ejB Zv`i GB w`ekw
ZgmvQb nq AvQ| Zv`i Kg-wegyLZv, RoZv, gZzfq, Avjm, Z`v, wb`v, eemvevwYR AwbQvi KviY| Zviv ZvgwmKZvq AvQb nq PZbv-kwK nvwiq djQ| GB
Zgt, GB wZwgi, GB RoZvB Awe`v| Awe`v Kej AKvi c_ vwi c_ wbq hvq;
w`ekwK wbR, gZcvq Ki ivL|

94

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

mvivsk : evOvwj cg-kw I vb-kwZ cw_exLvZ| wKy Avjm Zv`i `yej Ki iLQ| AjmZv
Avi KvRi cwZ Abxnvi Rb Zviv RMZi mewKQz _K wcwQq AvQ| GB Avjm I Kg-wegyLZvK
Dcv Ki evOvwjK RM DVZ ne| ZeB GB evsjv cKZ A_ evOvwji ne|
2.4

GKRb gvbyl fvjv wK g` Avgiv Zv eySZ cvwi Zvi eenvi w`q| m f` wK Af` ZvI
eySZ cvwi Zvi eenvi w`q| eenvi fvjv nj jvK ZvK fvjv ej| ZvK cQ`
Ki| eenvi Lvivc nj jvK ZvK Lvivc ej| ZvK AcQ` Ki| Zvi m wgkZ
Pvq bv| Zvi m KvR KiZ Pvq bv| ZvK KvQ WvKZ Pvq bv| Zvgvi eenvi w`qB
Zvgvi gbylZi cwiPq|

mvivsk : my`i eenvii gaB gbylZi cwiPq wbwnZ| gvbyli K_vevZv, gbvfve I Av`e-Kvq`vi
ga w`qB my`i eenvii cKvk NU| fvjv eenvi w`q mnRB Acii fvjvevmv cvIqv hvq|
my`i ^fvei gaB gvbyli m`h dzU IV|
2.5

m~hi AvjvZ ivZi AKvi KU hvq| wkvi Avjv Avgv`i AvbZvi AKvi `~i
Ki| Avgv`i `wZ Pvicvki RMr Aviv my`i nq IV| Avgiv Rxebi bZzb A_ LuyR
cvB; wkvi Avjv cq Avgv`i wfZii gvbylwU RM IV| Avgiv eo nZ PvB, eo
nIqvi Rb Pv Kwi| Avgiv my`i Ki euvPZ PvB, euvPvi gZv euvPZ PvB| Avi my`i
Ki euvPZ nj PvB vb| mB vbK KvRI jvMvbv PvB| wkvi dj Avgv`i wfZi
h kw jyKvbv _vK Zv axi axi RM IV| Avgiv gvbyl nq DwV|

mvivsk : m~hi Avjv hgb AKvi `~i Ki, Zgwb wkvi Avjv gbi AKvi `~i Ki `q|
Avgv`i cZKi fZi kw jyKvbv AvQ| wkv G kwi weKvk mvnvh Ki| wkvi dj Avgiv
vb I `Zv jvf Ki wbRi kwK KvR jvMvB| h_v_ gvbyl nq DwV|
2.6

bgt bgt bgt my`ix gg Rbbx ef~wg!

Mvi Zxi, wm mgxi, Rxeb Ryovj Zzwg|
AevwiZ gvV, MMbjjvU Pzg Ze c`a~wj
Qvqvmywbweo kvwi bxo QvUv QvUv Mvgwj|
cjeNb AvgKvbb ivLvji LjvMn,
Z AZj w`wN KvjvRj wbkx_kxZj mn|
eyKfiv gay ei ea~ Rj jq hvq Ni
gv ewjZ cvY Ki AvbPvb, PvL Avm Rj fi|

wbwgwZ

95

mvigg : gv I gvZf~wg mevi KvQ wcq| evsjv`k Avgv`i gvZf~wgGi AvKvk-evZvm, b`x, gvV,
cKwZ-wbmM, gvbyl meB Avgv`i fvjvevmvi ab| evsjvi Avengvb Aci~c i~c cwZwU evOvwjB gvngy|
2.7 f` gviv, kv eov, cvl-gvbv G cvY
evZvg-AuvUv Rvgvi wbP kvwZ kqvb|
`Lv njB wg AwZ,
gyLi fve wk AwZ,
Ajm `n wK MwZ,
Mni cwZ Uvb
Zj-Xvjv wm Zby wb`v im fiv
gv_vq QvUv eni eo evOvwj mvb|
Bnvi Pq nZvg hw` Avie e`yBb.
PiYZj wekvj giy w`M wejxb|
QzUQ Nvov DoQ evwj,
RxebmvZ AvKvk Xvwj
`q-Zj ew Rvwj PjwQ wbwkw`b
eikv nvZ, fimv cvY,
m`vB wbiyk
giyi So hgb en mKj evav-nxb|

mvigg : evOvwj kvwk, Kgnxb, Avivgwcq I Ajm RvwZ| G Rxeb Kviv Kvg nZ cvi bv| Zvi
Pq mvnmx, Kgx I PjZv-gyLi Rxebi AwaKvix nIqv AbK ewk mvbi|
8.8 GB h weUwc-kwY nwi mvwi mvwi
wK Avh kvfvgq hvB ewjnvwi!
Kn ev mij mvay-`q hgb,
dj-fi bZ Kn Yxi gZb|
G`i ^fve fvjv gvbei Pq,
BQv hvi `L `L vbP Pq|

96

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

hLb gvbeKzj abevb nq,

ZLb Zv`i wki mgybZ iq|
wKy djkvjx nj GB ZiyMY,
AnsKvi DPwki bv Ki KLb|
djk~b nj m`v _vK mgybZ,
bxP cvq Kvi VuvB bn AebZ|

mvigg : MvQ dj cwic~Y nq bZ nq| ZvZ Zvi Mie _vKjI AnsKvi _vK bv| wKy gvbyli
A_ njB AnsKvi, A_ dzwiq MjB gv_v wbPz nq| MvQ djk~b njI wKy gv_v mvRv Ki
`uvwoq _vK| bxP ^fvei gvbyli gZv m Kviv KvQ AebZ nq bv|
2.9

mvgi Mvb MvB

Avgvi P cyiyl-igYx Kvbv f`vf` bvB|
weki hv-wKQy gnvb mw wPi-KjvYKi
AaK Zvi KwiqvQ bvix, AaK Zvi bi|
wek hv-wKQz Gj cvc-Zvc e`bv Akyevwi
AaK Zvi AvwbqvQ bi, AaK Zvi bvix|
RMZi hZ eo eo Rq eo eo Awfhvb
gvZv fMx I ea~`i ZvM nBqvQ gnxqvb|
Kvb iY KZ Lyb w`j bi, jLv AvQ BwZnvm,
KZ bvix w`j wmuw_i wmu`yi, jLv bvB Zvi cvk|
KZ gvZv w`j `q Dcvwo KZ evb w`j mev,
exii wZ-Zi Mvq wjwLqv iLQ Kev?
Kvbv Kvj GKv nqwb Kv Rqx cyiyli Zievwi,
ciYv w`qvQ, kw w`qvQ weRq-jx bvix|

mvigg : gvbemfZv wbgvY bvix I cyiyli mgvb Ae`vb iqQ| wKy BwZnvm cyiyli K_v hZUv
jLv nqQ, bvixi ZZUv nqwb| bvixK Zvi Kg-^xKwZ _K ewZ Kiv nqQ| GLb w`b GmQ
mg-AwaKvii| bvix-cyiyl mevBK my`i I Dj fwelZi Rb mwwjZfve KvR KiZ ne|

wbwgwZ

2.10

97

n m~h! kxZi m~h!

wngkxZj my`xN ivZ Zvgvi cZxvq
Avgiv _vwK
hgb cZxv Ki _vK KlKi Pj PvL
avbKvUvi ivgvKi w`bwji Rb|

n m~h, Zzwg Zv Rvbv,

Avgv`i Mig Kvcoi KZ Afve!
mvivivZ LoKzUv Rvwjq
GK UzKiv Kvco Kvb XK,
KZK Avgiv kxZ AvUKvB!
mKvji GK UzKiv ivyi
GK UzKiv mvbvi PqI gb nq `vwg|

mvigg : m~hi kwZ f~-c MvQcvjv, Rxe-Ry I gvbyl RxebaviY Ki| cP kxZ m~hi GKUz
Dvci Rb mvivivZ Acv Ki enxb, Avkqnxb kxZvZ gvbyl| mgvRi AenwjZ I myweavewZ Gme gvbyli KvQ m~hi DZv mvbvi PqI `vwg|

3. fve-mmviY
3.1

G RMZ, nvq, mB ewk Pvq AvQ hvi f~wi f~wi

ivRvi n Ki mg KvOvji ab Pzwi|

fve-mcmviY : gvbyl ^fveZB hZ cvq, ZZ Pvq| Zvi PvIqvi kl bB| G RMZ hvi hZ ewk
AvQ, m ZZ Aviv ewk Pvq| h jvL UvKvi gvwjK, m KvwUcwZ nZ Pvq| hvi KvwU AvQ, m
nvRvi KvwU cZ Pvq| ivRvi wecyj m` AvQ| ZeyI Zvi ivR Rqi cej AvKvLv| Kbbv Zvi
Aviv m` PvB| Aviv fvM, Aviv wejvwmZv cqvRb Zvi| GB Aviv cvIqvi BQv gvbylK Agvbyl
Ki Zvj| wbRi gvbeZvK wemRb w`q, wg_vi Avkq wbq Zviv Mwiei me^ Ko bq| Zviv
Zv`i fvM-jvjmv gUvZ Mwiei mvgvb m` AvZmvr Ki wbRiv dzj-duc IV| abx`i GB
jvf mgvRi `xbnxb Mwie gvbyljv cwZwbqZ nQ cZvwiZ; mnvq-m^jnxb c_i dwKi| GZ
abx`i gb mvgvbZg KiyYvI nq bv|

98

3.2

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

KwiZ cvwi bv KvR

m`v fq, m`v jvR
mskq msK m`v Uj
cvQ jvK wKQz ej|

fve-mcmviY : gvbyli Rxeb KggyLi| KvRi gvagB gvbeRxebi mdjZv Avm| KvR KiZ
Mj fzj nq Ges fzj _K wkv MnY Ki gvbyl Zvi RxebK GwMq wbq hvq| wKy G cw_exZ
mevB Kgx bq| wKQz Ajm-AKgY gvbyl AvQ, hviv me mgq Abi cQb jM _vK| Zv`i KvRi
LuyZ ai, Abvq mgvjvPbv Ki| dj AbK mgq Kvbv KvR KiZ Mj KD KD wavM nq|
K Kx gb Kie, K Kx mgvjvPbv Kie GB me fe Zviv em _vK| hvi Rb KvR GMvq bv|
ZvB hviv mgvR Ae`vb ivLZ Pvq Zv`i wav Kij Pje bv| `p gbvej wbq jvKjv I
mgvjvPKK Dcv KiZ ne| gvbyli KjvY gnr KvR KiZ nj fqfxwZ msKvPK cvk
KvwUq GwMq hZ ne|
3.3

weki hv wKQy gnvb mw wPi-KjvYKi

AaK Zvi KwiqvQ bvix, AaK Zvi bi|

fve-mcmviY : gvbe-mfZv weKvk bvix I cyiyli mgvb Ae`vb iqQ| bvix-cyiyli mwwjZ
cPvZB Mo DVQ Avgv`i mgvR, mfZv I mswZ| mwKZv bvix I cyiylK mw KiQb
GK Acii cwic~iK wnme| ZvB bvix I cyiyl wPiKvji mv_K mx| GKB gy`vi GwcV-IwcV|
mwi Avw`gKvj _K bvix cyiylK RywMqQ ciYv, kw I mvnm| Avi cyiyl exii gZv me KvR
ARb KiQ mvdj| AvR ch wek hZ Awfhvb msNwUZ nqQ, Zvi Aivj bvixi f~wgKvB gyL|
mZ KviYB bvix I cyiyli Kvh wfbZv AvQ| ZeyI bvix hgb cyiyli Dci wbfikxj, cyiylI
Zgwb bvixi gyLvcx| bvixK ev` w`q cyiyli Rxeb Am~Y, A_nxb| bvix I cyiyli wgjbi
gaB iqQ RMZi mg KjvY| Dfqi `vb cy nqQ Avgv`i cw_ex|
3.4

Avgvi fvBqi i ivOvbv GKzk deyqvwi

Avwg wK fzwjZ cvwi|

fve-mcmviY : cw_exi mKj `kiB RvZxq Rxeb Ggb `y-GKwU w`b Avm hv ^gwngvq Dj|
Avgv`i RvZxq Rxeb Ggwb wZ-weRwoZ gwngv-Dj GKwU w`b GKzk deyqvwi| mviv weki evsjv
fvlx`i KvQ G w`bwU wPi-iYxq| GKzk deyqvwii BwZnvm GKw`K Avb`i, Abw`K e`bvi|
cvwKvwb ^i-kvmKiv evOvwji gyL _K evsjv fvlv Ko wbZ PqwQj 1948 mvj| evsjvi gvbyl

wbwgwZ

99

m Abvq gb bqwb| evsjvi `vgvj Qjiv Zzgyj weivwaZv Ki ivRc_ bg Avm| ivfvlv
evsjv PvB `vweZ evsjvi AvKvk-evZvm cKwZ Ki Zvj| ^ivPvix cvK-miKvi Av`vjb `gbi
Rb iy Ki MdZvi, Ryjyg, wbhvZb| GZI evsjvi `yi Qj`i `gvZ bv ci 1952 mvji
21k deyqvwi Zv`i wgwQj wbggfve wjelY Ki| iwdK, kwdK, eiKZ, Revi, mvjvgi i
XvKvi ivRc_ iwZ nq| evsjv cvq ivfvlvi ghv`v| Avi mgM evOvwji PZbvq wPiiYxq I eiYxq
_vK fvlv-kwn``i bvg| Zuv`i FY Avgiv Kvbvw`b fyje bv|
3.5

Rwbj gwiZ ne
wPiwi Ke bxi

Agi K Kv_v Ke
nq i Rxeb b`?

fve-mcmviY : gvbyl giYkxj| gvbyl Agi bq| GKw`b mevBKB gZzi ^v` MnY KiZ ne|
gZzB Rxebi Awbevh cwiYwZ| gZzK VKvbvi gZv Kvbv gvbyli bB| gvbeRxeb b`xi Rji
gZv cengvb| b`xi Rvqvi-fvUvi gZv gvbyli RxebI myL-`ytL, Dvb-cZb AvQ| RvMwZK
wbqgB Rxeb Pj| GUvB cKwZi weavb| ZvB gZzK Ah_v fq cvevi wKQz bB| eis GB mZK
gb wbq gvbeRxebK mv_K Ki ZzjZ ne| KgY mgvR-mfZvq wbRi KxwZi wP iL
hZ ne| wbj Rxebi AwaKvix gvbylK KD gb ivL bv| wKy KZx jvKi Mie Rxebi
mxgv AwZg Ki AgiZv NvlYv Ki| gvbyliI kixii gZz nq| wKy Zvi Rxebi cyYKg
cw_exZ wPiiYxq nq _vK| bki gZzI gvbyli Rxeb ZLb Awebki nq IV|
3.6

evsjvi BwZnvm G `ki gvbyli i w`q ivRc_ iwZ Kivi BwZnvm|

fve-mcmviY : evOvwj RvwZi mePq Miei BwZnvm AbK ii wewbgq AwRZ ^vaxbZvi
BwZnvm| evOvwj RvwZ Kviv AaxbZv Kvbvw`b gb bqwb| Abvq I kvlYi weiy evOvwji
Aevb wPiKvjB wQj eRKwVb| ZvB GLvb evievi we`vni Avb RjQ| JcwbewkK wewUk
kvmbi RuvZvKj cvq `ykv eQi ai wbwlZ nqQ G RvwZ| 1947-G mB RuvZvKj _K G
Dcgnv`ki gvbyl gyw cjI evOvwji gyw gjwb| G eb evOvwj gbI bqwb| 1952 mvji
iSiv fvlv-Av`vjbi ga w`q evOvwj axi axi GwMq hvq gyw-msMvgi w`K| 1958 I 1966
mvj cvwKvwb mvgwiK kvmK evsjvi `vgvj Qj`i Ici wj Pvjvq| wj Ki 1969-Gi MYAfyvbI| evievi evOvwji eyKi i iwZ nq ivRc_| ZeyI Zv`i ^vaxbZvi `vweK VKvZ e_
nq cvwKvwb Rvv-evwnbx| ZvB Zviv 1971-G evOvwji Ici P~ov AvNvZ nvb| ZLb evsjvi gvbyl
Suvwcq co gyw-msMvg| j j gvbyli eyKi i evsjvi gvwU jvj nq| Aekl AwRZ nq
^vaxb mvefg evsjv`k|

100

3.7

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

m`vl jvnv fvm|

fve-mcmviY : cZK gvbylB Zvi Rxeb cwiPvjbvi GKwU ^vaxb mv enb Ki| m GKvB
Zvi weeKK wbqY Ki| Ze G Zvi mi cfve weklfve jYxq| fwelZi my`i ev
Lvivci welqwU wbfi Ki ewi BQv ev m wbevPbi Ici| hme gvbyl DbZ Pwi ev mr-^fvei
jvKi m gjvgkv Ki, Zv`i ^fve-PwiI my`i I weKwkZ nq IV| Abw`K hviv Kzm
ev KzmsmM _K wbR`i Pwii AatcZb NwUqQ, mgvR Zv`i wechq Awbevh| ZvB
gvbeRxeb m wbevPb AZ iyZc~Y welq| cKwZZI hme e my`i I igYxq, mjvi
msk hme e _vK ZvivI my`i I AvKlYxq nq IV| Lvivc ewU my`i ewUi Y wbRi
ga aviY Ki Abi KvQ wbRK ghv`vevb I MnYhvM Ki Zvj| cKZc, mB mwK
gwngvw^Z Ki Zvj| Avi GRb mB njv mewKQzi mvdj I wedjZvi PvweKvwV|
3.8

jvf cvc, cvc gZz|

fve-mcmviY : jvf gvbyli cig ky| jvf gvbylK A Ki; Zvi weeK wemRb w`q ZvK
asmi w`K Vj `q| jvfi ekeZx nqB gvbyl Rxebi mebvk WK Avb| gvbyl wbRi
fvMi Rb hLb Kvbv wKQz cvIqvi cej BQv cvlY Ki ZvK jvf ej| ZLb hv wbRi bq, hv
cvIqvi AwaKvi Zvi bB, Zv cvIqvi Rb gvbyl jvfx nq IV| m Zvi BQvK mv_K Ki ZzjZ
Pvq| jvfi gvn m mZ-wg_v, fvjv-g` me wemRb `q| Zvi bvq-Abvq eva jvc cvq| m
cvci c_ avweZ nq| wbRi ^v_i Rb Abi mebvk Ki| Gfve jvf gvbylK cZ cwiYZ
Ki| WK Avb gZzi gZv fqven cwiYvg| RxebK my`i I mv_K Ki Zvjvi Rb jvf eRb
Kiv DwPZ|
3.9 vbnxb gvbyl ci mgvb|
fve-mcmviY : mwi Abvb cvYxi _K gvbylK Avjv`v KiQ Zvi weeK ev vb, hv Ab Kvbv
cvYxi ga bB| cwZwU gvbyli gaB vb ev weeK my Aevq _vK| Abykxjbi gvag ZvK
RvwMq ZzjZ nq| vb gvbylK hvMZv `vb Ki| bvbv we`vq cvi`kx Ki Zvj| vbi
AvjvKB gvbyli Rxeb weKwkZ nq IV| ZvB gvbyl wnme kZ jvfi Rb vbi mnvqZv
Acwinvh| Ab cvYxi m gvbyli cv_K GLvbB| vbevb gvbyl KLbv Lvivc KvR KiZ cvi bv|
Zvi weeK ZvK Lvivc AvPiY KiZ evav `q| Aciw`K vbnxb gvbyl ci gZv wbeva| ci
hgb vb bB| m bvq-Abvq evS bv| Avcb AwZ wUwKq ivLZ cvi bv| Avb ewiI
Zgwb Kvbv weeK bB| vbi Afve Zviv AvaywbK Rxebi m~Y ^v` DcfvM KiZ cvi bv|

wbwgwZ

101

Zv`i Rxebi m ci Rxebi Kvbv cv_K bB| vbB gvbyl I ci ga cv_Ki mxgviLv
Ub `q| ZvB gvbylK me mgq vbmvabvq wbqvwRZ _vKv `iKvi|
3.10

GKZvB ej|

fve-mcmviY : gvbyl cvwievwiK Rxe| cwievii cZK GK Acii Dci wbfikxj| GB ciii
Dci wbfikxjZv _K Mo DVQ gvbemgvR; gvbyli GKZveva| ZvB gvbeRxebi AwZi m
GKZvi Mfxi mK| gvbylK me mgq cwZK~j cwieki ga Rxebhvcb KiZ nq| Zvi kyi kl
bB| cwZK~j cwiek kyi gvKvejv Kivi Rb gvbyli `iKvi msNe kwi| GKZve Rxeb
AvQ wbivcvi wbqZv| HKe RvwZK Kvbv kwB c`vbZ KiZ cvi bv| GKZvi KjvY
cwZdwjZ nq ew I RvZxq RxebI| GKRb h KvR KiZ cvi, `kRb Zvi eY KvR Kiv
me| Gfve RvwZ GKZvi Y eo nq | AvRKi wek hviv DbZ I mg RvwZ wnme cwiwPZ
Zviv wbR`i ga me f`vf` fzj RvZxq HK Dy nqQ| h RvwZ HKe bq, m RvwZi
DbwZ Ame| ewi ezevenxb wbtm Rxeb hgb wevwKi, Zgwb GKZvnxb RvwZi
asm Awbevh| ewRxebi ^v_, RvZxq Rxebi KjvY Ges gvbeRvwZi gji Rb gvbyli
GKZve _vKv GKvB Acwinvh|

102

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4. c iPbv
4.1 ewMZ c :
K. gb Ki Zvgvi bvg wbweo| Zvgvi ezi bvg ivj| m Lyjbvq _vK| eivcYi
cqvRbxqZv DjL Ki Zvi KvQ GKwU c jL|
cjex XvKv1236
13.07.2012
wcq ivj,
Avgvi fQv wbI| AbK w`b njv Zvgvi Kvbv Lei cvB bv| Avkv Kwi fvjv AvQ| MZw`b
Avgv`i zj eivcYi cqvRbxqZv welq GKwU mwgbvi nq Mj| mB mwgbviB eivcYi
iyZ mK AbK fvjv fvjv K_v bjvg| ZvgvK mjv RvbvZB G wPwV wjLZ emwQ|
Zzwg Zv Rvbv, MvQ Avgv`i cig ez| Avgiv kvm-ckvm AwRb MnY Kwi, Kveb-WvBAvBW ZvM Kwi| Avi MvQ Avgv`i cqvRbxq AwRb mieivn Ki Ges welv Kveb-WvB-AvBW
kvlY Ki bq, cwieki fvimvg iv Ki| wKy gvbyl Zvi cqvRb cPzi MvQ KvUQ| eb DRvo
nQ| ZvZ cKwZ I cwieki fxlY wZ nQ|
Zzwg nqZv Rvbv bv, cwieki fvimvg ivi Rb GKwU `ki g~j f~-Li Kgc cuwPk
fvM eb _vKv `iKvi| Avgv`i `k Zv bB| eis hv AvQ Zv-I wbwePvi asm Kiv nQ| mfZv I
Dbqbi dj mw nQ KjKviLvbv| ivvq hvbevnbi PjvPj evoQ| KjKviLvbv I Mvwoi auvqvq
evZvm evoQ Kveb-WvB-AvBWi cwigvY| KgQ evZvmi IRvb i| mw nQ wMbnvDR
Gd| dj gvbyli ^vi AebwZ NUQ| `Lv w`Q bvbv ivM-evwa| GmeB NUQ evZvm
AwRbi Afvei KviY| ZvB ewk ewk MvQ jvMvj evZvm AwRbi NvUwZ c~iY ne| cKwZi
fvimvg wdi Avme| cwiek `~lYgy ne| ZvQvov Avgv`i Rvjvwbi Pvwn`vi ewkifvM c~iY nq
ei gvag| KvV _K Avgiv evwoNi Ges Avgv`i cqvRbxq Avmevec cZ Ki _vwK|
myZivs fwelZi K_v fe GLbB Avgv`i AwaK nvi eivcY Kiv cqvRb| evwoi Pvicvk,
ivvi `ycvk, cwZZ RwgZ cPzi cwigvY MvQ jvMvZ ne| eivcYi cqvRbxqZv mK
RbMYK Aviv mPZb Ki ZzjZ ne| gb ivLZ ne, e euvPj Avgiv euvPe|
AvR GB chB| Zvgvi gv-evevK Avgvi kv RvwbI| wPwV w`I|
BwZ
Zvgvi ey
wbweo|
WvK wUwKU
cvcK:
ciK:
gv. ivj
wbweo mZz
mvbviZix
cjex, wgicyi,
33 mvi BKevj ivW
XvKv|
Lyjbv|

wbwgwZ

103

L. Zvgvi ez gygZvwnbvi gv nVvr gviv MQb| ZvK mvbv Rvwbq GKwU wPwV jL|
jxevRvi, XvKv|
25.06.2012
mywcq gygZvwnbv,
wKQzY AvM Zvgvi wPwV cqwQ| wPwV co Avwg wZ| Zzwg wjLQ Zvgvi gvqi AvKwK gZzi
K_v| Avgvi KvQ GLbv me Awekvm gb nQ| G hb webv gN eRcvZi gZv! Avwg LyeB ggvnZ|
ZvgvK mvbv `evi gZv fvlv Avgvi bB| ay Rbv, Zvgvi G gge`bvi AvwgI mgvb Askx`vi|
QvUejvq Avwg gvK nvwiqwQjvg| gvqi Av`i-fvjvevmv KvK ej RvbZvg bv| Zvgvi gv
AvgvZ mB Abyf~wZ RvwMqwQjb| ZvB ZuvK Avwg gv ej WKwQ| AvR Avwg Avevi gv-nviv njvg|
gvbyl giYkxj GB wbgg mZUv Avgv`i Rb eoB e`bv`vqK| KvRB `ytL bv Ki gvqi AvZvi
kvwi Rb wZwb hgbwU fewQjb fwelZ Avgv`i mw`K gbvhvM w`Z ne| covkvbvq
AvZwbqvM Ki| evev I QvU fvBqi cwZ Lqvj iL| KqK w`b ci Zvgvi wZxq mwgvi cixv|
wbRi covi KvR Wze _vKj G e`bv nqZv Av Av ckwgZ ne|
cixvi KviY Avwg Zvgvi GB `ytmgq KvQ _vKZ cvijvg bv, GUvI Avgvi Rb Lye KKi|
KvqgbvevK Kvgbv Kwi, Zzwg GB cwZKjZv hb KvwUq DVZ cvi| Avgvi AvwiK mge`bv
iBj| Avjvn Zvgvi mnvq nvb|
Zvgvi evevK mvjvg RvwbI| QvU fvB wmqvgi cwZ iBj Avgvi Amxg mn|
BwZ
Zvgvi ez
mygbv|
WvK wUwKU

ciK:
mygbv
80 jxevRvi, XvKv|

cvcK:
gygZvwnbv
chZ : gv. wdi`vDm
ZvivewbqvQiv
KevRvi|

104

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

M. gb Ki, Zvgvi QvU fvB gy l kwYZ co| ZvK cixvq Am`ycvq Aej^b ew Z_v
RvwZi Rb gwK^i~c GB gg GKwU c cvVvI|
wmwiM
bvivqYM
17.07. 2012
mni gy,
Avgvi Av`i wbI| MZKvj Zvgvi wPwV cqwQ| Zzwg I evwoi mevB fvjv AvQ Rb Lywk nqwQ|
wPwVZ RvbZ cvijvg AvMvgx gvmi c_g mvn Zvgvi cixv iy ne| Zvgvi covkvbv
wbqB fvjvfve PjQ? gbvhvM w`q iyZc~Y ckjv co Ges evievi jL| wbRi fzjjv
wbRB mskvab Ki| GZ Zvgvi nvZi jLv hgb my`i ne, Zgwb jLvq evbvb fzjI Kg hve|
dj cixvi LvZvq ewk b^i cve|
AvRKvj AbK wkv_xB Kvm gbvhvM w`q wkK`i K_v kvb bv| evwoZI wVKgZv
covjLv Ki bv| Zviv cixvi nj wMq bKj Ki| KD KD bKj Ki fvjvfve cvmI Ki
hvq| wKy cKZ wkv Zv`i nq bv| Qviv `ki fwelr| AvMvgxZ ZvivB `k cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ
be| ZvB cwikg I mvabvi gvag Zv`i wbRK me w`K w`q Dchy Ki Mo ZzjZ ne|
cixvq bKj Kiv GKwU mvgvwRK evwa| GB evwa RvwZK asmi w`K wbq hvq| bKji gZv
`ybxwZ ev cvci Ici wfw Ki Rxeb KLbvB mvdj jvf Kiv hvq bv|
Avkv Kwi, Zzwg wkK`i Dc`k gZv covkvbvi cwZ Mfxi gbtmshvM Kie| gvbyli gZv gvbyl
nq Avgv`i cwievi I `ki gyL Dj Kie| Zvgvi KwZZ I Mie Kvgbv Kwi| fvjv _K|
evev I gvK Avgvi mvjvg RvwbI|
BwZ
euvab fvBqv |

ciK:
euvab
wmwiM
bvivqYM|

WvK wUwKU
cvcK:
gy
chZ : eyjeyj Anvg`
Mvg : KzjwUqv
WvKNi : KzwjqviPi
Rjv : mybvgM

wbwgwZ

105

N. KwDUvi wkvi iyZ eYbv Ki Zvgvi QvU evb ebvbxK GKwU wPwV jL|
Avnmvb ivW,
Lyjbv|
17.07.2012

wcq ebvbx,
Avgvi mnvwkm wbI| AbK w`b ci Zvgvi wPwV cjvg| Zywg Kvm c_g nqQ Rb Lye Avbw`Z
nqwQ| Avwg Aviv Lywk nqwQ Zzwg Kvmi covkvbvi evBi KwDUvi wkLQ ej|
eZgvb hyM nQ wevb I chywi hyM| Avi chywi G hyM mevP vb `Lj Ki AvQ
KwDUvi| KwDUvi Qvov AvaywbK Rxeb-hvcb Kbv Kiv hvq bv| wkv, mswZ, Ljvayjv, eemvevwYR, Awdm-Av`vjZ, wPwKrmv, webv`b me B KwDUvii eenvi AvR Acwinvh| ZvB
KgI GLb KwDUvi Rvbv jvK`i AMvwaKvi| KwDUvi-Awf jvK eKvi em _vK bv|
ZvB eZgvb wkv eevq KwDUvi wkvi cqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| Avgv`i cZKiI DwPZ
Abvb welqi mv_ KwDUvi wkvi cwZ iyZ `Iqv| Zzwg Kvmi covkvbvi cvkvcvwk KwDUvi
fvjvfve Avq Kie, Avgvi GB f Kvgbv iBj|
AvR Avi bv| gv I evevK Avgvi mvjvg w`I| Zzwg fvjv _Kv|
BwZ
Zvgvi fvBqv
ivbv
WvK wUwKU
ciK:
wkgyj
104, Avnmvb ivW
Lyjbv|
Rjv : Rvgvjcyi|

cvcK:
eZZx ebvbx
Mvg : kxcyi
WvKNi : eKwmM

106

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

4.2 Ave`b c :
K. gb Ki Zvgvi bvg cZq| Ag kwYZ Zvgvi ivj b^i 03| nVvr Ki Zvgvi evev iyZi
Amy nq coQb ejB Zvgvi jLvcov e nZ emQ| G Aevq we`vjqi QvKjvY
Znwej _K mvnvh Pq cavb wkKi wbKU GKLvwb Ave`b c jL|
18-07-2012
eivei,
cavb wkK,
iscyi gvawgK we`vjq, iscyi|
welq : we`vjqi QvKjvY Znwej _K Avw_K mvnvh cvIqvi Rb Ave`b|
gnv`q,
webxZ wbe`b GB, Avwg Avcbvi we`vjqi Ag kwYi GKRb wbqwgZ Qv| weMZ wZb eQi hver
Avwg G we`vcxV covjLv KiwQ| cixvq me mgqB Avwg c_g nq GK kwY _K Ab kwYZ
DxY nqwQ| Ag kwYZI Avgvi ivj b^i 01| Avgvi evev GKRb `wi` KlK| cwievii
fiYcvlY QvovI Avgv`i wZb fvBevbi jLvcovi LiP PvjvZ wZwb wngwkg Lvb| ZeyI wZwb G
hver we`vjqi hveZxq cvIbv cwikva Ki Avgv`i covjLvi LiP Pvwjq AvmwQjb| mcwZ wZwb
iyZi Amy nq covq Avgv`i jLvcov e nq hvevi Dcg nqQ| GgZvevq we`vjqi
QvKjvY Znwej _K Avw_K mvnvh eiv Ki Avgvi jLvcov Pvwjq hvevi Rb AvKzj Ave`b
RvbvwQ|
AZGe gnv`q, Avgvi Ave`b gvbweKfve weePbv Ki AvgvK QvKjvY Znw&ej _K Avw_K
mvnvh`vb evwaZ Kieb|

webxZ wbe`K
hvkd MgR
ivj bs 01, Ag kwY
iscyi gvawgK we`vjq, iscyi|

wbwgwZ

107

L. wkvmdii iyZ DjL Ki Zvgvi zji cavb wkKi wbKU wkmdi hvIqvi AbygwZ
Pq GKwU Ave`b c jL|
eivei,
cavb wkK,
miKvwi wfvwiqv GKvWwg, kicyi|
welq : wkvmdi ciYi Rb Ave`b|
gnv`q,
mwebq wbe`b GB h, Avgiv Avcbvi we`vjqi Ag kwYi wkv_x| cwZ eQi GB we`vjqi Ag
kwYi wkv_xiv wkvmdi wMq _vK| wKy GeQi GLbv Zvi Kvbv D`vM MnxZ nqwb| Avgiv
wkvmdi hZ PvB| QvRxeb wkvmdii iyZ I cqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| wkvmdii dj
eenvwiK wkvi m eve vb I AwfZv Aviv mg nq| hKvbv gYB `k I `ki
gvbylK fvjvfve Rvbvi myhvM nq|
Avgiv Gevi wkvmdi gqgbwmsn hvIqvi AvMn cKvk KiwQ| gqgbwmsn cvPxb kni| Gi gyvMvQv
_vbv wkv-mswZZ Lye AMMvgx wQj| mLvb cvPxb Rwg`vi evwo AvQ| gqgbwmsn kni iex`bv_
VvKzi GmwQjb| m wZwPI `Lv hve| ZvQvov Kwl wekwe`vq, Avb`gvnb KjR, Rqbyj
Ave`xb msMnkvjv BZvw`I Avgv`i AvMni K` iqQ| Gme vb I vcbv `kb Ki Avgiv
wekl vb ARb KiZ mg nev|
GKw`bi GB mdii m~Y eqfvi Avgiv enb Kie| Avgv`i m `yRb wmwbqi wkK hZ ivwR
nqQb| Avcbvi mwZ cj wkvmdi hvIqvi w`b avh Ki Avgiv Avgv`i AwffveK`i AbygwZ
MnY Kie|
AZGe, gnv`qi KvQ webxZ Ave`b, Avgv`i wkvmdi hvIqvi m`q AbygwZ w`q Ges
gqgbwmsn mswk KZci mnhvwMZv jvfi cqvRbxq ee_v Ki evwaZ Kieb|

webxZ
Ag kwYi wkv_x`i c
Afq Nvl
miKvwi wfvwiqv GKvWwg, kicyi|
ZvwiL : 11. 08. 2013

108

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

M. gb Ki, Zvgvi evev GKwU evsK PvKwi Kib| mcwZ Zvgvi evevi e`wj nqQ| ZvB
ZvgvKI Zvi mv_ Pj hZ ne| GRb Zvgvi zji cavb wkKi KvQ Qvoc Pq
Ave`b Ki|

eivei,
cavb wkK,
ivOvgvwU gvawgK we`vjq,
ivOvgvwU|
welq : we`vjq _K Qvoc cvIqvi Rb Ave`b|
gnv`q,
webxZ wbe`b GB h, Avwg Avcbvi we`vjqi Ag kwYi GKRb Qv| Avgvi evev GKRb
evsKKgKZv| mcwZ ZvK KevRvi Rjv kni e`wj Kiv nqQ| ZvB cwievii mevi m
AvgvKI KevRvi hZ nQ| mLvb bZzb Ki fwZi Rb GB we`vjqi Qvoc cqvRb|
AZGe, AbyMnc~eK AvgvK we`vjq ZvMi Qvoc w`q evwaZ Kieb|

wbe`K,
cZq PvKgv
ivj bs 12, 8g kwY
ivOvgvwU gvawgK we`vjq, ivOvgvwU|
ZvwiL : 14. 06. 2012

wbwgwZ

109

N. ai, Zzwg cvZvevnvi DP we`vjq, `wbqv, XvKvi Ag kwYi Qv| Zvgv`i zj GKwU wevb
Kve MVbi AbygwZ Pq cavb wkKi wbKU GKLvbv Ave`b c iPbv Ki|
18-07-2012
eivei,
cavb wkK,
cvZvevnvi DP we`vjq, `wbqv, XvKv|
welq : wevb Kve MVbi AbygwZi Rb Ave`b|
gnv`q,
mwebq wbe`b GB h, Avgiv Avcbvi we`vjqi Ag kwYi Qv-Qvx| ek wKQzw`b _K Avgiv
zj wevbPPvi Rb GKwU wevb Kvei cqvRbxqZv Abyfe KiwQ| wevb I chywi GB Pig
DrKli hyM wevbPPv Qvov wkv m~Y nq bv| Avi wevb Kve MVb Kiv nj wevb welq
AvjvPbv, Z_ Av`vb-c`vb, c-cwKv cKvk Kiv me ne| wevb welq covkvbv I MelYv Ki
Avgiv bZzb bZzb wevb cR ZwiZI `yZ mdjZv ARb Kie|
AZGe, gnv`qi wbKU webxZ cv_bv, Avgv`i we`vjq GKwU wevb Kve MVbi AbygwZ I
cqvRbxq w`Kwb`kbv c`vb Ki evwaZ Kieb|
wbe`K
Ag kwYi wkv_x`i c
Ave`ym mvjvg
cvZvevnvi DP we`vjq, `wbqv, XvKv|

110

5.3

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

wbgY c :

K. Zvgvi zj bRiyj RbRqx D`&hvcb Dcj GKwU AvgY c iPbv Ki|

myax,
AvMvgx 11B R, 1419 / 25k g, 2012, evi weKvj PviUvq we`vnx I Avgv`i RvZxq Kwe
KvRx bRiyj Bmjvgi 113Zg RbRqx Dcj wR.K DP we`vjq wgjbvqZb GK AvjvPbv mfv
I mvswZK Abyvbi AvqvRb Kiv nqQ|
Abyvb cavb AwZw_i Avmb AjsKZ Kieb eiY K_vmvwnwZK nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| mfvcwZZ
Kieb cavb wkK mivR Kzgvi PeZx| Abyvb Avcbvi DcwwZ GKvfve Kvgbv Kwi|

ZvwiL : 15.05.2012

Abyvbm~wP
04. 05 : AwZw_e`i Avmb MnY
04. 20 : cwe agMmg~n _K cvV
04. 30 : wekl AvjvPbv
05. 00 : mfvcwZi fvlY
05. 30 : mvswZK Abyvb|

webxZ
dwi` Avng` mwjj
AvnvqK
bRiyj RbRqx D`&hvcb cwil`
wR. K. DP we`vjq, Lyjbv|

wbwgwZ

111

L. ai, Zvgvi cvovq AvwjK gx msN bvg GKwU Kve AvQ| Kvei c _K evsjv beel
D`&hvcb Dcj GKwU wbgY c iPbv Ki|
wcq myax,
f beel D`&hvcb Dcj AvMvgx 1jv ekvL, 1419 / 14B Gwcj, 2012, kwbevi mKvj 07Uvq
AvwjK gx msNi c _K GK eYvX gj kvfvhvv I mvswZK Abyvbi AvqvRb Kiv
nqQ|

D Abyvb Avcwb meve AvgwZ|

ZvwiL : 25.3.2012

Abyvbm~wP
06.30 : gj kvfvhvvi cwZ
07.30 : msN-cvY _K kvfvhvv iy; GjvKv cwigY
09.00 : msNi wgjbvqZb cxwZfvR
10.00 : gbv mvswZK Abyvb
12.00 : mgvw|

webxZ
Awi`g LvjK
mvswZK mv`K
AvwjK gx msN, wmjU|

112

5.

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

ce iPbv
5.1 evsjv`ki loFZz

m~Pbv : evsjv`k FZz-ewPi `k| GLvb GK GK FZzi GK GK i~c| FZzZ FZzZ GLvb Pj
mvR e`ji cvjv| bZzb bZzb iO-iLvq cKwZ Avjcbv AuvK gvwUi eyK, AvKvki Mvq, gvbyli
gb| ZvB FZz e`ji mv_ mv_ GLvb RxebiI iO e`j nq| m-KviYB eywS Kwe iex`bv_
VvKzii K awbZ nq
RMZi gvS KZ wewP Zzwg n
Zzwg wewP i~wcYx|
loFZzi cwiPq : cw_exi AwaKvsk `k FZzi msLv PviwU njI evsjv`k Qq FZzi `k| GLvb cwZ
`yB gvm Ai GKwU bZzb FZzi Avwefve NU| FZzjv nQ Mx, elv, kir, ng, kxZ I em|
Giv PvKvi AvewZZ nq| Avi cZK FZzi Avwefve evsjv`ki cKwZi i~c I m`h ewPgq
nq IV|
MxKvj : FZzPi iyZB Avm Mx| ekvL-R `yB gvm MxKvj| Avbi gkvj nvZ gvV-NvU
cvovZ cvovZ MxivRi AvMgb| ZLb AvKvk-evZvm ayjvq a~mwiZ nq IV| cKwZi kvgj-wm
i~c nvwiq hvq| Lvj-wej, b`x-bvjv wKq hvq| Amn Mig mg cvwYKyj GKUz kxZj cvwb I Qvqvi
Rb KvZi nq co| GiB ga KLbv nVvr iy nq KvjevkwLi `yi Zve| fOPzi mewKQz
ZQbQ Ki w`q hvq| Ze Mx ay cvovq bv, AKcY nvZ `vb Ki Avg, Rvg, Rvgiyj, wjPz,
ZigyR I bviKji gZv AgZ dj|
elvKvj : Mxi ciB gnvmgvivn elv Avm| Avlvp-kveY `yB gvm elvKvj| w`wMRqx hvvi ek
elvi Avwefve| gNi iyMxi MRb cKwZ _g _g wkDi IV| iy nq gyljavivq ew| gvV-NvU
cvwbZ cwic~Y nq hvq| cKwZZ `Lv `q gbvig mRxeZv| RbRxeb wdi Avm ckvw| KlKiv
RwgZ avb-cvUi exR ivcY Ki| MvQ MvQ dvU K`g, Kqv, RuyB| elvq cvIqv hvq Avbvim,
cqviv cfwZ dj|
kirKvj : evZvm wkDwj dzji myevm Qwoq Avm kir| fv`-Avwkb `yB gvm kirKvj| G mgq elvi
Kvjv gN mv`v nq ^Q bxj AvKvk Zzjvi gZv fm eovq| b`xi Zxi Zxi em mv`v Kvkdzji
gjv| weKj ejv gvjv Mu_ Do Pj mv`v eKi mvwi| meyR XDqi `vjvq `yj IV avbi LZ|
ivZi AvKvk RjRj Ki ARm Zvivi gjv| kvcjvi nvwmZ weji Rj Sjgj Sjgj Ki |

wbwgwZ

113

ZvB Zv Kwe MqQb

AvwRK Zvgvi gayi gyiwZ
nwiby kvi` cfvZ|
n gvZt e, kvgj A
SwjQ Agj kvfvZ|
kiZi GB Aci~c i~ci RbB kirK ejv nq FZzi ivwb|
ngKvj : Ni Ni bevbi Drmei Avb` wbq AvMgb NU ngi| KvwZK-AMnvqY `yB gvm
ngKvj| cKwZZ ngi i~c njy`| ml dzj Qq hvq gvVi eyK| gvV gvV cvKv avb| KlK
e nq co dmj KvUvi KvR| mvbvwj avb KlKi Mvjv fi IV, gyL dvU Avb`i nvwm|
iy nq bevbi Drme| ng Avm bxie; Avevi kxZi Kzqvkvi Avovj Mvcb nvwiq hvq|
kxZKvj : Kzqvkvi gwjb Pv`i Mvq Dyi nvIqv mv_ wbq Avm kxZ| cl-gvN `yB gvm kxZKvj|
kxZ wiZvi FZz| KbKb kxZi `vcU gvbyl I cKwZ Amnvq nq co| Ze iKgvwi kvK-mewR,
dj I dzji mgvivn welY cKwZ fi IV| evZvm fvm LRyi imi NvY| xi, cvqm Avi wcVvcywji Drme gvZvqviv nq Mvgevsjv|
emKvj : mekl em Avm ivRek| dvyb-P `yB gvm emKvj| em wbq Avm
meyRi mgvivn| evZvm g g dzji myevm| MvQ MvQ KvwKj-cvwcqvi mygayi Mvb| `wLbv evZvm
eywjq `q kxZj cik| gvbyli cvY eR IV wgjbi myi| Avb` AvZnviv Kwe Mq IVb
Avnv AvwR G em
GZ dzj dvU, GZ euvwk evR
GZ cvwL Mvq|
FZzivR em mevi Lye wcq FZz|
Dcmsnvi : evsjv`k loFZzi GB jxjv Aweivg PjQ| wewfb FZz cKwZZ i~c-imi wewfb mvi
wbq Avm| Zvi cfve co evsjvi gvbyli gb| wewP loFZzi cfveB evsjv`ki gvbyli gb
D`vi I fvjvevmvq cwic~Y|

114

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

5.2 evsjv beel

m~Pbv : evsjv beel evOvwji Rxeb wekl GK Zvrch enb Ki| MZvbyMwZK Rxebavivi ga beel
wbq Avm bZzb myi, bZzb Dxcbv| weMZ eQii me `ytL-e`bvK GKivk nvwm, Avb` Avi Mvb
w`q fzwjq w`q hvq beel| cvPxbKvj _K RvwZ-ag-eY wbwekl GwU evOvwji Avb`gq Drme
wnme mycwiwPZ| evsjv beel ZvB evOvwji RvZxq Drme|
ev ev evsjv mbi BwZnvm : ev ev evsjv mb cPjbi BwZnvm inm Niv| Kvbv Kvbv
BwZnvmwe` gb Kib, evsjvi myjZvb nvmb kvn evsjv mbi ceZK| Kviv Kviv gZ, w`wji mgvU
AvKei evsjv mbi cPjb Kib| Zuvi wb`k Avwgi dZDjvn wmivwR c~e cPwjZ wnRwi I Pv`
eQii mg^q mi eQii cPjb Kib| Ze myjZvb nvmb kvni mgq (903 wnRwi) evsjv mbi
cPjb njI mgvU AvKeii mgq (963 wnRwi) _KB GwU mefviZxq i~c jvf Ki| ZLb _KB GwU
evOvwj mswZi mv_ wbweofve mwKZ| evsjv mb Avcvgi evOvwj RvwZi GKv wbR^ A|
beeli Drme : evOvwjiv cvPxbKvj _KB beel D`&hvcb Ki AvmQ| ZLb eQi iy nZv AMnvqY
gvm _K| GwU wQj dmj KvUvi mgq| miKvwi ivR^ I FY Av`vqi GwUB wQj h_v_ mgq| ci
ev ev evsjv mbi cPjb nj ekvL gvm _K el MYbv iy nq| Avi evOvwjiv cnjv ekvL evsjv
beel D`&hvcb Ki| evsjv`k beel D`&hvcb GmQ bZzb gvv| eZgvb Avgv`i `k
ivxqfve beel cvjb Kiv nq|
cnjv ekvL : weMZ w`bi mg Mvwb gyQ w`q, cvIqv bv cvIqvi me wnme PzwKq cwZ eQi Avm
cnjv ekvL| evsjv beel| gnvaygavg iy nq eleiY| mevB Mq IV iex`bv_i GB Mvb :
Gmv, Gmv, Gmv n ekvL,
Zvc wbtkvm evq gyg~lyi `vI Dovq,
ermii AveRbv `~i nq hvK|
evsjv beeli AbZg AvKlY nQ cnjv ekvL AbywZ ekvLx gjv| ekvLx gjvB nQ
evsjv`ki mePq eo mveRbxb Drme| RvwZ-ag-eY wbwekl me gvbyli gnvwgjb GB
gjv| G gjvq Avengvb Mvg-evsjvi mvswZK KgKvi GKwU cwiwPwZ dzU IV| evDj, gvidwZ,
gywkw`, fvwUqvwjmn evsjv`ki wewfb Aji jvKMvb gjvi AvKvk-evZvm gyLwiZ nq| hvv,
bvUK, cyZzj bvP, mvKvm, bvMi`vjv BZvw` gjvq wekl AvKlY mw Ki| gjvq cvIqv hvq gvwUi
nuvwo, evmbKvmb, cyZzj; eZ I euvki Zwi Mnvwji mvgMx, ZvjcvLv, KzwUi wkRvZ wewfb mvgMx,
wk-wKkvi`i Ljbv, gwnjv`i mvR-mv BZvw`| GQvov wPuov, gywo, L, evZvmvmn bvbv iKgi
wgwi ewPgq mgvivn _vK ekvLx gjvq| Mvgi gvbyli wekvm, cnjv ekvL fvjv Lj,

wbwgwZ

115

bZzb cvkK cij mvivwU eQiB Zv`i myL KvUe| ZvB Mvg cnjv ekvL cvv Lvq bv| hv`i
mvg_ AvQ Zviv bZzb cvkK ci|
evsjv beeli AviKwU AvKlY nvjLvZv| Mvg-M-kni eemvqxiv beeli w`b Zv`i cyibv
wnmve-wbKvk kl Ki bZzb LvZv Lvjb| G Dcj Zviv bZzb-cyibv Li`i AvgY Rvwbq
wgw LvIqvb| cvPxbKvj _K GLbv G AbyvbwU ek RuvKRgKfve cvwjZ nq AvmQ|
beeli cfve : Avgv`i Rxeb beel Drmei AvgR wbq Avm| beeli w`b QzwU _vK|
cvwievwiKfve wekl Lvevii AvqvRb Kiv nq| ez-eve, AvZxq-^RbK wbgY Rvbvbv nq|
me wKQzZ Avb`i Quvqv jvM| AvaywbK ixwZ Abyhvqx QvU-eo mevB beeli fQv KvW wewbgq
Ki| AZxZi jvf-wZ fzj wMq Gw`b mevB fwelZi mvebvi ^c evb| beel Avgv`i
mvgbi w`K GwMq Pjvi ciYv hvMvq| ZvB Avgv`i Rxeb beeli cfve Mfxi I evcK|
beeli Zvrch : evOvwji beeli Drme wbgj Avb`i Drmaviv| ag-eY wbwekl GwU AvR
Avgv`i RvZxq Drme| beeli mvgvwRK I mvswZK KgKv Avgiv Avgv`i Rxebev`x I
KjvYagx i~cwUB LuyR cvB| Avgv`i HwZn I mvswZK PZbvK cZ Kwi| Avgv`i beel
D`&hvcb Avb`i wevi AvQ, wKy KLbv Zv cwiwgZevaK Qvwoq hvq bv| evsjv beel ZvB
evOvwji mviv eQii Avb`i cmiv-evnK|
Dcmsnvi : evsjv beeli c_g w`bwU Avm mMie wbRK wPwbq, mevBK Rvwbq| Avgv`i
Rxeb bePZbvi mvi Ki, cwieZbi GKUv evZv wbq Avm beel| cyivZbK So dj m
Avgv`i Rxeb bZzb nvjLvZvi ceZb Ki| Avgv`i gvbweK g~jevaK RvMZ Ki; RvZxq Rxeb
^Kxq PZbv weKvk Dy Ki| gvbyl gvbyl Mo Zvj mcxwZi Kvgj eb| ZvB evsjv beel
Avgv`i Rxeb GZ Avb` I Miei|

5.3 weRq w`em

m~Pbv : Avgv`i RvZxq Rxeb 16B wWm^i mePq Avb` I Miei GKwU w`b| 1971 mvj `xN
bq gvm iqx hyi ci GB w`b Avgv`i wcq ^`k `Lj`vigy nqwQj| jvLv knx`i ii
wewbgq Avgiv weRq ARb KiwQjvg| cw_exi gvbwP ^vaxb-mvefg evsjv`k jvf KiwQjvg|
GB w`bwU ZvB Avgv`i RvZxq Rxeb mePq iYxq w`b| GwU Avgv`i weRq w`em|
weRq w`emi BwZnvm : weRq gnvb, wKy weRqi Rb msMvg gni| cwZwU weRqi Rb KVvi
msMvg cqvRb| Avgv`i weRq w`emi gnvb ARbi cQbI exi evOvwji my`xN msMvg I AvZ`vbi

116

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

BwZnvm iqQ| cvwKvb mwi cvq c_g _KB evOvwj`i gb cwgv kvlY _K gywjvfi
BQvi RvMiY NU| RvwZi RbK eey kL gywReyi ingvbi bZZ bvbv Av`vjbi gvag Zv
cej AvKvi aviY KiZ _vK| Aekl evOvwji ^vwaKvi PZbv 1969 mvj MY-Afzvb i~c jvf
Ki| evOvwji ^vwaKvii bvh `vweK wPiZi wbg~j Kivi Rb 1971 mvji 25k gvP ivZ cwgv
mvgwiK Rvvevwnbx evOvwj-wbabi wbzi Ljvq gZ IV| eezi Avnvb evOvwjiv iyL `uvovq|
MR IV| Ni Ni `yM Mo Zvj| KlK-kwgK, Qv-wkK, Wvvi-Bwwbqvi, wkx-mvwnwZK,
bvix-cyiyl, wn`y-gymjgvb-e-wLvb mevBK wbq MwVZ nq gywevwnbx| hvi hv AvQ ZvB wbq
Suvwcq co `kgvZKvi gyw-msMvg| my`xN bq gvm iqx gywhy Pj| cvwKvwb mvgwiK
Rjv`iv G mgq Mvg-M-kni-e`i cvwLi gZv wj Ki nZv Ki wbixn RbmvaviYK| Nievwo, `vKvb-cvU jyU Ki Rvwjq `q| gv-evb`i Ici cvkweK wbhvZb Ki| cvY euvPvZ mnvqm^jnxb GK KvwU gvbylK Avkq wbZ nq cwZekx `k fviZ| Zey evOvwj `g hvqwb| cw_ex
AevK ZvwKq `L :
mvevm evsjv`k! G cw_ex
AevK ZvwKq iq :
Rj-cyo-gi QviLvi
Zey gv_v bvqvevi bq|
Aekl cvwKvwb nvbv`vi evwnbx civRq ^xKvi Ki bq| 1971 mvji 16B wWm^i G`ki
gywmbv I wgevwnbxi KvQ AvZmgcY Ki| iv msMvgi Aemvb NU| evsjv`k kygy nq|
m~wPZ nq evsjv`ki gnvb weRq|
weRq w`emi Zvrch : 1971 mvji 16B wWm^i Miegq weRqi gvag ^vaxb RvwZ wnme
evOvwji Rqhvvi iy| GB w`b ^cwiPq Avgiv weki `ievi gv_v Zzj `uvovevi myhvM cvB| GB
w`bwUi RbB mviv wek evOvwj RvwZ I evsjv`ki ghv`v AvR mycwZwZ| 16B wWm^i ZvB
Avgv`i RvZxq w`em| cwZ eQi mwekl ghv`v wbq RvwZi KvQ nvwRi nq weRq w`em| me AbvqAZvPvi, kvlY-`ytkvmbi weiy weRq w`em Avgv`i gb ciYv mw Ki|
weRq w`emi Drme : 16B wWm^i fvi mvfvi AewZ RvZxq wZma cyeK AcYi ga
w`q w`emwUi f m~Pbv nq| evsjv`ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY gnvmgvivn weRq w`em cvjb Ki|
15B wWm^i ivZ _KB weRq w`em D`&hvcbi cwZ Pj| `ki mg zj-KjR, Ni-evwo,
`vKvbcvU, wiv-Mvwo BZvw`Z kvfv cvq jvj-meyR cZvKv| zj-KjR wKsev ivvq ivvq
AvqvRb Kiv nq mvswZK Abyvbi| ^vaxbZvi Avb` me kwYi gvbyl hvM `q Gme Abyvb|
Kv_vI Kv_vI em weRq gjv| miKvwifve Gw`bwU ek RuvKRgKfve cvjb Kiv nq| XvKvi

wbwgwZ

117

RvZxq cviW MvD evsjv`k mvgwiK I cwZiv evwnbxi m`mMY KzPKvIqvR c`kb Kib|
gnvgvb ivcwZ, gvbbxq cavbgx, gwmfvi m`m, weivax`jxq bZv-bxMY I MYgvb
eweMi DcwZ nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl GB KzPKvIqvR DcfvM Kib| weRq w`em Dcj wewfb
mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK msMVb KvOvwjfvRi AvqvRb Ki _vK| AbK mvwnZ-mvswZK cwZvb
weRq w`em iY Abyvb Ki| c-cwKvq cKvwkZ nq wekl voc| eZvi I Uwjwfkb
cPvwiZ nq wekl Abyvbgvjv| wewfb agxq cwZvb gnvb gywhyi exi knx``i AvZvi kvw I
`ki KjvY Kvgbvq cv_bv Kiv nq| kni mvq AvqvRb Kiv nq wekl AvjvKmvi| mgM `k
Ryo DrmegyLi cwiek weRq w`em cvwjZ nq|
Dcmsnvi : GK mvMi ii wewbgq Avgiv cqwQ ^vaxb mvefg evsjv`k| GB ^vaxbZv Avgv`i
AwRZ nq 1971 mvji 16B wWm^i| GB w`bwU ayB Avgv`i weRqi w`b bq, e`bviI w`b|
Avgv`i PZbv RvMiYiI w`b| huv`i ZvM-wZwZv I ii wewbgq Avgiv GB Miei AwaKvi
cqwQ, Zuv`i mB AvZvrmMi K_v gb iL Avgv`iI mB PZbvq Dy nZ ne| `k I
RvwZK DbwZi w`K GwMq wbq hZ ne| ZeB weRq w`emi gwngv A_en nq DVe|

5.4 Ub gY
fwgKv : gY me`vB Avb`i| GB Avb` m gY hy nq vbjvf| iex`bv_ VvKzi wjLQb :
wecyjv G cw_exi KZUzKz Rvwb|
`k `k KZ bv bMi ivRavbx
gvbyli KZ KxwZ, KZ b`x wMwi wmz giy,
KZ bv ARvbv Rxe, KZ bv AcwiwPZ Ziy
iq Mj AMvPi|
cKZc, gYi dj gvbyli wP hgb cdzj nq wVK Zgwb h AbK ARvbvi mvb jvf Ki|
Avwg GKw`b Ub-gY ei nB|
gY Kx? : gY njv GK vb _K Ab vb eovb ev chUb| gnvbexi evYxZ AvQ, vbvRbi
j my`~i Pxb `k hvevi Avnvb| kxKI wekl Dk g_yiv _K e`veb gY KiQb|
agxq gnvcyiyl`i cvkvcvwk wevbxiv P`c ev gnvk~b cwigY Kib| G me wKQzi mB AvQ
Avb` Avi vbi wccvmv| gY gvbegb Avb` `vb Ki Ges vbi wccvmv gUvq| m KviY
AbK GwU KZeKg ejI gb Ki|

118

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

gYi c_mg~n : mvaviYZ c_, Rjc_, AvKvkc_ GB wZb c_B gY Kiv hvq| jc_ evmgY,
mvBKj gY, gvUimvBKj gY, Uw gY BZvw` nZ cvi| Ze cwimi eo, `xN c_
Kvwnxbfve gYi c Avivg`vqK ijgY| GZ c_ AbK kb _vKvq bvbv vbi wewP
gvbyli m wYK `Lv nIqvi myhvM NU|
Ub gYi iy : cixv kl ZLb Avgvi zj e| wWm^i gvmi 4 ZvwiL gv-evevi m
mKvj mvo AvUUvq XvKvi Kgjvcyi kb wMq cuwQ| m Avgvi evb gvv| Dk Mvgi evwo
kicyi hvev| Avgvi evev AvMB Ubi wUwKU KvwUq iLwQjb| Avgiv kb `uvwoq _vKv
Ubi myjf kwYZ wbavwiZ Avmb emjvg| Ubi bvg AwMexYv| bvgwU KvRx bRiyj Bmjvgi
KweZvi eB _K bIqv| mKvj wVK bqUvq Ub Kgjvcyi kb Qvoj|
Ubi fZii Aev : evev AvgvK ejwQjb: myjf kwYZ DVj wewP aibi gvbyli `Lv
gj| mwZ ZvB `Ljvg| wbgwe, gawe bvbv aibi bvix-cyiyl mB m wkiv Avmb emQ|
`yRbi Avmb wZb ev PviRbI K Ki em wQjb| GKRb e Avmb cvbwb| cvki Avmb _K
GKRb hyeK DV `uvwoq ZvK emZ w`jb| GiB ga PvbvPziIqvjv PvbvPzi-ev`vg ej wgwn myi
Zzj, AvKlYxq M Qwoq Avgv`i cvk w`q Pj Mj| GKRb PvLi mvgb `wbK cwKv gj
ai Zv cvV Kivq gbvhvMx wQjb| Ub axi axi MwZcv nq|
wewfb kb : Avwg BZvga Rvbvjvi avi wMq emwQ| evb gvv Avgvi gyLvgywL em| Avgvi
cvk evev Avi gvvi cvk gv emv| `Ljvg Ub ZRMuvI, XvKv KvUbgU, Rq`ecyi BZvw`
kb vwYK `uvovjv| Avi kb AcgvY gvbyljv Rjw` DV cojv Ub| Kviv nvZ wQj
evM, Kviv Kvj wk| wKy meviB GKUvB j Ges Zv njv Ub| UbB DVB Zv`i me eZv
Kg hvq| h hvi Avmb LyuR wbq mLvb em hvb|
Ub _K : Rvbvjvi avi em AvwQ| gb nQ gvV-NvU-MvQcvjv `ovQ| Avgvi Pz wi| KqKUv
cvwL AvKvk cvLv gj Avgv`i cvkvcvwk Pj Avevi wcwQq co| gb nq, mviv cw_ex hb NyiQ,
Avi Avgiv wi AvwQ| Rvbvjvi avi evZvmi MwZeMi KviY Avgvi Pzj Gjvgjv nq hvq| cvk
ZvwKq `wL evev eB nvZ, gv PvL eyR AvQb| Ub _K k~b gvV `Lv hvq| wKQzw`b AvMI
GLvb mvbvwj avb wQj| GKwU evwo `yZ Pj hvq| mLvb Miy Avi gvl euvav wQj| `~i GKwU BUi
evwoI PvL co| AbK wUbi Nii Pvj m~h wPK wPK Ki| cyKzi Mvgi ewSiv KvR emUvI PvL co| Mvg evsjvi i~c h GZ my`i Zv Gi AvM Avgvi PvL Gfve Avi aiv cowb| Kwe
wjLQb-

wbwgwZ

119

evsjvi gyL Avwg `wLqvwQ, ZvB Avwg cw_exi i~c

LuywRZ PvB bv Avi
Rxebvb`i GB fvl h KZUv mZ, hw`b Ub gY Kijvg, mw`b eySZ cvijvg|
DjLhvM vb : Ub gY c_gB DjLhvM vb I vcbvi ga coj Kgjvcyi ijkb|
`xNZg cvUdg AvQ GB kb| Zvici ZRMuvI Avmvi AvMB `~i _K PvL co XvKvi PjwP
Dbqb msv ev GdwWwm| fvIqvji Rwgi Ici w`q Rq`ecyi hvevi AvMB XvKv wegvbe`i
PvL co| gqgbwmsn evsjv`k Kwl wekwe`vjq| Rvgvjcyi hgybv mvi KviLvbv QvovI c_ bvbv
vb I vcbvi m cwiwPZ nIqv hvq| mvBbevWjvi Ici GKUz wi `w ivLj vb I
vcbvjvi bvg fvjvfveB cvV Kiv me| Ub gYi mgq bvbv vb I wewP vcbvjv
AvgvK AvK Ki|
kl kb: Ub _K bvgvi AvMi cwZ wnme Avgiv mevB h hvi evM nvZ wbjvg| evev eo
evMjv GK m iL Ub _vgvi Acv Kijb| Avwg Avgvi GKcvwU RyZv LuyR cvwQjvg bv|
gvv ejjv : kv w`w` Zvgvi RyZv Avgvi wmUi wbP Gm MQ| Ub _vgZB jvj kvU civ Kzwjiv
Gjv| evev Zv`i nvZ evM eywSq w`jb| Avgiv bvgvi Pvq e, AbK Ub DVvi Pvq
g| G mgq kLjv `iKvi| wKy kLjvi eo Afve| kl ch Avgiv Rvgvjcyi kb bvgjvg|
Avgv`i mvZ Nvi Ub gY mgv njv|
Dcmsnvi : Ub gY bv Kij Rxebi weivU AwfZv _K ewZ nZvg| wewP gvbyli m
cwiPq, bvbv vb AejvKb, wewfb vcbv `kb BZvw` Avgvi gb bvbv wRvmvi Rb `q| my`i
kvgj evsjv`k Avgvi gb `kcg RvMvq Aviv Zxefve| Ub gYi GB mvZwU Nv Avgvi KvQ
hb mvZ Rbgi AwfZvi Li~c|

5.5 gywhy Rv`yNi

m~Pbv : gywhy evOvwj RvwZi Rxeb mePq iyZc~Y NUbv| cvwKvbi RbjM _K h kvlY I
AZvPvii iy nqwQj Zvi Aemvb NU GB hyi gvag| mgM RvwZ `ki gywi Rb
AvZvrmMi PZbvq wbR`i DRvo Ki w`qwQj GB hy| dj GKmvMi ii wewbgq Afy`q
NU ^vaxb mvefg evsjv`ki| gywhvviv Avgv`i Me, Avgv`i AnsKvi| gywhyi BwZnvm
evOvwj RvwZi KvQ ^Ygq GK Mievj Aavq| Avgv`i gywhyi BwZnvm-HwZnK msiY Ges
fwelr cRbK Zv Rvbvbvi Rb m~Y emiKvwi D`vM cwZwZ nqQ gywhy Rv`yNi|

120

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

Rv`yNii cwZv : 1996 mvji 22k gvP XvKv mbevwMPvi GKwU `vZjv feb cwZv Kiv nq
gywhy Rv`yNi| evsjv`ki Miegq gywhy-msv Z_, cgvY, eMZ wb`kb, iKWc I
viKwPmg~n msMn, msiY I c`kbi myeev Kiv nqQ GLvb| wbic I ewbfve
HwZnvwmK NUbvaviv `kevmxi mvgb Zzj aivi cqvm `ki KqKRb eiY ew ^-D`vM
gywhy Rv`yNi cwZvi cwiKbv Kib| cwZvZv`i ga iqQb wewk bvUewZ Avjx RvKi,
mviv RvKi, Avmv`yvgvb b~i, wRqvDwb ZviK Avjx, Wv. mviIqvi Avjx, iweDj mvBb, Avz
Payix I gwd`yj nK| Gu`i Avnvb mvov w`q GwMq Gm AbK ew wewfb viK, Z_-cgvY I
Avw_K mvnvh c`vb Kib| eZgvb gywhy Rv`yNi cwiPvwjZ nq GKwU Uvw evWi my`
Zveavb|
Rv`yNii AeKvVvgv : gywhy Rv`yNii cekc_i gyLB iqQ wkLv wPi Avb| ZviKv-AvKwZi
GKwU ew`i Ici RjQ AwbevY wkLv| Zvi cQb cv_i Lv`vB Kiv AvQ GK `p AxKvi :
mvx evsjvi ifRv gvwU
mvx AvKvki P`Zviv
fzwj bvB knx``i Kvbv wZ
fzje bv wKQzB Avgiv|
`vZjv wewk gywhy Rv`yNii ga iqQ QqwU Mvjvwi : wbP Zjvq wZbwU I `vZjvq wZbwU|
c_g Mvjvwii wb`kbjv `ywU ce web| c_g ce c`wkZ nqQ evsjvi nvRvi eQii HwZn I
mswZ| hgb : wmjU Aj cv dwmj, cvnvocyii mvgcyi wenvii gWj, fzUvb _K cvIqv
kxvb AZxk `xcii g~wZ, evMinvUi weLvZ lvUM^yR gmwR`i gWjmn wewfb gmwR`i Uvwji
wb`kb Ges gw`ii cvovgvwUi KviyKvR| Gmei cvkvcvwk GLvb iqQ bvbv mgqi gy`v,
ZvjcvZvi wjwc I ZzjU KvMR jLv gbmvgj Kvei Askwekl| wZxq ce c`wkZ nqQ wewUk
JcwbewkK kvmbi weiy wewfb msMvgi wP| hgb : beve wmivRDjv hLvb civwRZ
nqwQjb mB cjvkxi AvKvbbi gWj; wmivRDjv, wUcy myjZvb, wZZzgxi, ivRv ivggvnb
ivqi cwZKwZ; zw`ivg, cdzj PvKx, hZx`bv_ gyLvwR, gIjvbv gvnv` Avjx I kIKZ Avjxi
dUvMvd| Aviv AvQ wmcvwn we`vni wiwP, PMvg AvMvi jybi knx``i wP, KvRx bRiyj
Bmjvg mvw`Z a~gKZz cwKvi Kwc Ges 1943 mvji fqven `ywfi hvK Avgiv cvki
g^i ewj, Zvi KiyY `ki Qwe|
wZxq MvjvwiZ Zzj aiv nqQ cvwKvb Avgji BwZnvm| 1952i fvlv Av`vjb, 54i mvaviY
wbevPb, 58i mvgwiK kvmb, 62i mvgwiK kvmbweivax Av`vjb, 66i Qq `dvi Av`vjb,
AvMiZjv loh gvgjv, 69-Gi MY-Afzvb, 70-Gi fqven RjvQvm I wbevPb msv wewfb
`wjj, Qwe I viK|

wbwgwZ

121

ZZxq MvjvwiZ c`wkZ nqQ 1971 mvji AmnhvM Av`vjb, 25k gvP ivwZ msNwUZ MYnZv,
^vaxbZvi NvlYv, cv_wgK cwZiva, cevmx miKvi msv Qwe I kiYv_x`i RxebwP|
`vZjvi wZbwU Mvjvwi mvRvbv nqQ gywhyi wewfb Z_, cgvY I wP w`q| c_gwUZ (PZz_
Mvjvwi) iqQ, cvKevwnbxi wbziZvi wewfb Qwe, knx` gywhvv, cv_wgK cwZiva, cevmx miKvi
Ges mi Kgvvi`i bvbv ZrciZvi Z_ I Qwe| ciiwUZ (cg Mvjvwi) AvQ cwZivai jovB,
Mwijvhy, b-Kgvv, wegvbevwnbx, ^vaxb evsjv eZvi K`, gywhyi c AvRvwZK mg_b,
ivRvKvi-`vjvj`i f~wgKv Ges mk hyi Qwe, viK I weeiY| mekl (l Mvjvwi) iqQ
MYnZv, knx` gywhvv, exik, knx` eywRxex, P~ov jovB Ges gywhyi weRq m wewfb
viK, weeiY I Qwe|
cwZwU MvjvwiZ AvQb GKRb PKk MvBW| wZwb `kbv_x`i bvbv cki Di c`vb Ki Zv`i
KZ~nj wbeZ Kib|
gywhy Rv`yNi PZi iqQ gywhy welqK bvbviKg eB, cvvi, KvmU, wmwW, viKmvgMx
wewi Rb GKwU cyKwecwY, GKwU Lvevii `vKvb I GKwU Dby g Ges mvgbi Ask AvQ
100 Avmb wewk GKwU PgrKvi AwWUvwiqvg|
gywhy Rv`yNii Kvhg : gywhyi Miegq BwZnvm-HwZn mK `ki gvbylK mPZb
KiZ gywhy Rv`yNi wewfb KgKv cwiPvjbv Ki _vK| Rv`yNi cwi`kbi we`vjqi QvQvx`i Rb cwienb myweavmn GLvb bvbv myhvM-myweav c`vb Kiv nq _vK| `ki wewfb cv
c`kbxi Rb GKwU MvwoK vggvY Rv`yNi i~cvwiZ Kiv nqQ| gywhy Rv`yNii AwWUvwiqvg
wfwWI c`kbxi gvag AvgwZ `kK`i gywhyi wewfb cvgvYwP `Lvbv nq| Dby g
AvqvRb Kiv nq _vK bvbv Abyvbi| gywhy Rv`yNi msMnxZ viK msLv cvq GMvi nvRvi|
gywhy Rv`yNi weki Aviv AvUwU `ki mgfvevcb Rv`yNii m wgj BUvibvkbvj Kvqvwjkb
Ae wnwiK wgDwRqvgm& Ae Kbmv MVb KiQ |
Dcmsnvi : h-Kvbv Rv`yNi `ki BwZnvm-HwZn I mswZK Rbmg Zzj aivi ga w`q
AZxZ Ges eZgvbi ga mZzeb iPbv Ki| evsjv`ki gywhy Rv`yNi Avgv`i gnvb
gywhyi Miegq RvZxq BwZnvm I HwZni iyZc~Y wZ-viK-`wjjci GKgv msMnkvjv|
Avgv`i fwelr cRb hb gywhyi BwZnvm mwVKfve RvbZ cvi, fzj bv hvq, m jB
gywhy Rv`yNi cwZwZ I cwiPvwjZ nq AvmQ|

122

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

5.6 Avgvi Qjejv

Avgiv wZbwU evjK GKm gvbyl nBZwQjvg| Avgvi mx`ywU Avgvi Pq `yB eQii eo| Zuvnviv
hLb iygnvkqi KvQ cov Avi Kwijb AvgviI wkv mB mgq iy nBj, wKy m-K_v Avgvi
gbI bvB|
Kej gb co, Rj co cvZ bo| ZLb Ki Lj cfwZ evbvbi Zzdvb KvUvBqv megv Kj
cvBqvwQ| mw`b cwoZwQ, Rj co cvZv bo| Avgvi Rxeb GBUB Avw`Kwei c_g KweZv|
mw`bi Avb` AvRI hLb gb co ZLb eywSZ cvwi, KweZvi ga wgj wRwbmUvi GZ cqvRb
Kb| wgj AvQ ewjqvB K_vUv kl nBqvI kl nq bv Zvnvi ee hLb dzivq ZLbv Zvnvi SsKviUv
dzivq bv, wgjUvK jBqv Kvbi m gbi m Ljv PwjZ _vK| Ggwb Kwiqv wdwiqv mw`b
Avgvi mg PZbi ga Rj cwiZ I cvZv bwoZ jvwMj|
GB wkKvji Avi-GKUv K_v gbi ga euvav cwoqv MQ| Avgv`i GKwU AbK Kvji LvRvw
wQj, Kjvm gyLyR Zvnvi bvg| m Avgv`i Nii AvZxqiB gZv| jvKwU fvwi iwmK| mKji
mB Zvnvi nvwm-Zvgvkv| evwoZ b~ZbmgvMZ RvgvZvw`MK m we`yc KZzK wecb Kwiqv ZzwjZ|
mB Kjvm gyLyR Avgvi wkKvj AwZ `yZeM g GKUv Qovi gZv ewjqv Avgvi gbvib
KwiZ| mB QovUvi cavb bvqK wQjvg Avwg Ges Zvnvi ga GKwU fvex bvwqKvi wbtmskq mgvMgi
Avkv AwZkq Djfve ewYZ wQj| GB h fzebgvwnbx ea~wU fweZeZvi Kvj Avjv Kwiqv weivR
KwiZwQj, Qov wbZ wbZ Zvnvi wPwUZ gb fvwi DrmM nBqv DwVZ| Avcv`gK Zvnvi h
eg~j AjsKvii ZvwjKv cvIqv wMqvwQj Ges wgjbvrmei h AfZc~e mgvivni eYbv kybv hvBZ,
ZvnvZ AbK cexYeq myweePK ewi gb Pj nBZ cvwiZ wKy, evjKi gb h gvwZqv DwVZ
Ges PvLi mvgb bvbveY wewP Avh-myLQwe `wLZ cvBZ, Zvnvi g~j KviY wQj mB `yZDPvwiZ AbMj kQUv Ges Q`i `vjv| wkKvji mvwnZimfvMi GB `yUv wZ GLbv RvwMqv
AvQ; Avi gb co ew co Uvcyi Uzcyi, b`q Gj evb| IB QovUv h kkei gN`~Z|
Zvnvi ci h-K_vUv gb cwoZQ Zvnv zj hvIqvi m~Pbv| GKw`b `wLjvg, `v`v Ges Avgvi
eqvR fvwMbq mZ zj Mjb, wKy Avwg zj hvBevi hvM ewjqv MY nBjvg bv| DPt^i
Kvbv Qvov hvMZv cPvi Kivi Avi-Kvbv Dcvq Avgvi nvZ wQj bv| Bnvi c~e Kvbvw`b MvwoI Pwo
bvB evwoi evwniI nB bvB, ZvB mZ hLb zj-c_i gYevwUK AwZkqvw-AjsKvi cZnB
AZzj Kwiqv ZzwjZ jvwMj ZLb Ni Avi gb wKQzZB wUwKZ Pvwnj bv| whwb Avgv`i wkK
wQjb wZwb Avgvi gvn webvk Kwievi Rb cej PcUvNvZmn GB mviMf K_vwU ewjqvwQjb, GLb
zj hvevi Rb hgb Kuvw`ZQ, bv hvevi Rb Bnvi Pq AbK ewk Kuvw`Z nBe| mB wkKi

wbwgwZ

123

bvgavg AvKwZcKwZ Avgvi wKQzB gb bvB| wKy mB iyevK I iyZi PcUvNvZ gb

RvwMZQ| GZeov Ae_ fwel`&evYx Rxeb Avi-Kvbw`b KYMvPi nq bvB|
Kvbvi Rvi IwiqUvj mwgbvwiZ AKvj fiwZ nBjvg| mLvb Kx wkvjvf Kwijvg gb bvB wKy
GKUv kvmbcYvjxi K_v gb AvQ| cov ewjZ bv cvwij QjK e `uvo KivBqv Zvnvi `yB
cmvwiZ nvZi Dci Kvmi AbKwj mU GK Kwiqv PvcvBqv `Iqv nBZ| Gi~c aviYvkwi
Afvm evwni nBZ Ai mvwiZ nBZ cvi wK bv Zvnv gbwe`&w`Mi AvjvP|
Ggwb Kwiqv wbZv wkkyeqmB Avgvi cov Avi nBj| PvKi`i gnj h-mKj eB cPwjZ wQj
Zvnv jBqvB Avgvi mvwnZPPvi m~cvZ nq| Zvnvi ga PvYKkvKi evsjv Abyev` I KwevmivgvqYB cavb| mB ivgvqY covi GKUv w`bi Qwe gb RvwMZQ|
mw`b gNjv KwiqvQ; evwnievwoZ ivvi avii j^v eviv`vUvZ LwjZwQ| gb bvB, mZ Kx
KviY AvgvK fq `LvBevi Rb nVvr cywjkgvb cywjkgvb Kwiqv WvwKZ jvwMj| cywjkgvbi
KZe m^ AZ gvUvgywU iKgi GKUv aiYv Avgvi wQj| Avwg RvwbZvg GKUv jvKK Acivax
ewjqv Zvnv`i nvZ w`evgvB, Kzwgi hgb LuvR-KvUv `uvZi ga wkKviK we Kwiqv Rji Zj
A`k nBqv hvq, Zgb Kwiqv nZfvMK Pvwcqv awiqv AZjk _vbvi ga AwnZ nIqvB
cywjkKgPvixi ^vfvweK ag| Gi~c wbgg kvmbwewa nBZ wbiciva evjKi cwivY Kv_vq, Zvnv
fvweqv bv cvBqv GKevi Atcyi `o w`jvg; cvZ Zvnviv AbymiY KwiZQ GB Afq Avgvi
mg c`kK KzwZ Kwiqv Zzwjj| gvK wMqv Avgvi Avmb wec`i msev` RvbvBjvg; ZvnvZ Zuvnvi
wekl DrKvi jY cKvk cvBj bv| wKy, Avwg evwni hvIqv wbivc` eva Kwijvg bv| w`w`gv,
Avgvi gvZvi Kvbv GK mK Lywo, h Kwevmi ivgvqY cwoZb mB gvejKvMR-gwZ
KvYQuov-gjvU-Iqvjv gwjb eBLvwb Kvj jBqv gvqi Nii vii KvQ cwoZ ewmqv Mjvg|
myL Atcyii AvwObv Nwiqv PKvb eviv`v; mB eviv`vq gNvQb AvKvk nBZ Acivni vb
Avjv Avwmqv cwoqvQ| ivgvqYi Kvbv-GKUv KiyY eYbvq Avgvi PvL w`qv Rj cwoZQ `wLqv,
w`w`gv Rvi Kwiqv Avgvi nvZ nBZ eBUv Kvwoqv jBqv Mjb|
(-iex`bv_ VvKzi)

5.7 evsjv`ki KlK

m~Pbv : evsjv`k Kwlcavb `k| G`ki kZKiv cvq 50 fvM jvK KlK| KlKi AKv cwikg G
`k fi IV dmji mgvivn| Avgiv cvB zavi Avnvi| KlKi Drcvw`Z dmj we`k idZvwb
Ki `ki A_bxwZ mg nq| ejZ Mj, KlKB Avgv`i RvZxq Dbqbi PvweKvwV; Avgv`i
RvwZi cvY| Kwei fvlvq :

124

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

me mvaKi eo mvaK Avgvi `ki Pvlv,

`k gvZviB gywKvgx, `ki m h Avkv|
KlKi AZxZ BwZnvm : cvPxbKvj G `k RbmsLv wQj Kg, Rwg wQj ewk| Deiv RwgZ cPzi
dmj nZv| ZLb kZKiv 85 RbB wQj KlK| Zv`i Mvjv fiv avb, Mvqvj fiv Miy Avi cyKzi fiv
_vKZ gvQ| Zv`i Rxeb wQj myLx I mg| Zvici Gjv eMxi AZvPvi, wdwiw-cZzwMR Rj`my`i
wbhvZb, BsiR`i LvRbv Av`vqi m~hv AvBb, kvlY I wbcxob| Gjv g^i, gnvgvix| Mvgevsjv DRvo njv| KlK wbt^ nq Mj| m`kvjx KlK cwiYZ njv fwgnxb PvwlZ| `vwi` ZvK
KvYVvmv Kij| KlKi Rxeb nq DVj e`bv`vqK| Kweiy iex`bv_ VvKzii fvlvq :
hZ Zvi Pvc fvi
ewn Pj g`MwZ hZY _vK cvY Zvi
Zvici mvbi w`q hvq esk esk awi
... ay `ywU Ab LuywU Kvb gZ K-wKcvY
iL `q euvPvBqv|
GfveB GKKvji myLx I mg KlKi Miegq Rxeb-BwZnvm AKvi nvwiq hvq|
eZgvb Aev : evsjvi ivRbwZK BwZnvmi AbK cwieZb nqQ| evsjv`k ^vaxbZv jvf KiQ|
wKy evOvwj KlKi Dv, Amnvq I welY Rxebi Kvbv i~cvi NUwb| evsjvi KlK AvRv
wkvnxb, enxb, wPwKrmvnxb Rxeb-hvcb KiQ| `ki RbmsLv eoQ, KgQ Kwl Rwgi
cwigvY| Rwgi DeiZvI MQ Kg| dj evowZ gvbyli Lv` hvMvbvi kw nvwiqQ G `ki
KlK| cw_ex Ryo Pvlvev` cwZi cwieZb NUQ| evwbK cwZZ DbZ `k KlKi kw ew
KiQ| wKy G `k GLbv gvvZvi Avgji Pvlvev` eev envj AvQ| evsjvi KlKI fuvZv jvOj
Avi Kjvjmvi `yUv ej`i cQb NyiZ NyiZ wbt^ nq hvQ| G Qvov Abvew, AwZew, ebv,
cvKwZK `yhvM - Kvbv wKQzB gvKvejv Kivi Kkj I mvg_ KlKi bB| Ze axi axi GB
Aevi cwieZb NUQ| KwlZ AvaywbK chyw I DbZ cwZ cqvMi iyZ evoQ| mcwZ evsK,
mgevq mwgwZ ev gnvRbi FYi UvKvq Avi DP djbkxj exRi mvnvh KwlZ djb eoQ| wKy
Zi dmj KlKi Ni IVvi AvMB evsK, mgevq cwZvb wKsev gnvRbi FY cwikva KiZ
nq| ZvB KlKi myL-^c AaivB _K hvq| Kwl evsjv`ki A_bwZK Dbqbi cavb Aej^b
njI KlKi kvPbxq Aevi cwieZb nq bv| GLbv Zviv bvbv ivM-kvK, Awkv-Kzwkv, `vwi`
I Kzmsvii weiy jovB KiQ|
KlKi Dbqb : evsjv`k Kwlwbfi `k| `kxq A_bxwZZ Kwli Ae`vbI h_ Zvrchc~Y| ZvB
`ki Dbqbi ^v_ KlKi Dbqb mvab Kiv `iKvi| evsjvi KlKi fvMvbqbi Rb AvR
mePq ewk `iKvi Pvlvev` evwbK cwZi ceZb| wbRi RwgZ KlK hb ^g~j DbZ

wbwgwZ

125

exR, ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK cvq Zvi eev Kiv| cqvRb KlKK my`gy FY c`vb KiZ
ne| Avevi KlK Zvi dmji hb bvh `vg cvq mw`KI Lqvj ivLZ ne| Avgv`i `ki
AwaKvsk KlKB AwkwZ| Zv`i wkwZ Ki ZzjZ ne| AvaywbK Kwl-hcvwZ eenvi Kivi Rb
ZvK cwkY w`Z ne| mviv eQi KlKi KvR _vK bv| ZvB Zvi Aemi mgqUzKz A_c~Y Kivi Rb
KzwUiwk mK ZvK AvMnx Ki ZzjZ ne| mB m KlKi wPwebv`b I ivM-evwai
wPwKrmviI mye`ve KiZ ne|
Dcmsnvi : evsjvi KlKivB evOvwj RvwZi giy`| evsjv`ki A_bxwZi cvYkw Zviv| ZeyI KlKiv
eKvj ai AenwjZ| wekl Ki Zv`i mvgvwRK ghv`v GLbv wbggvbi| G welq Avgv`i
mKji mPZb `w `Iqv cqvRb| KlK I KwlK iyZ w`jB Avgv`i A_bxwZi PvKv mPj
_vKe| `ki `vwi` `~i ne| evsjvi Ni Ni dzU DVe ^vQ`i Qwe| ejv hvq, KlKi AvZvi
fZiB jywKq AvQ Avgv`i mgw I cvPzhi exR|

5.8 `bw`b Rxeb wevb

m~Pbv : eZgvb hyM wevbi hyM| AvR wevb Avgv`i KvQ wbkvm-ckvmi gZvB Acwinvh|
Avgv`i `bw`b Rxeb GKUv gyn~ZI wevbi mvnvh Qvov Avgiv PjZ cvwi bv| GLb h-Kvbv
aibi Rxebhvvq Af gvbylB wevbi Dci wbfikxj| mKvj Nyg _K DV ivZ NygvZ hvIqv
ch hveZxq KvRKgi ga wevbi Ae`vb jYxq| ejv hvq, GLb wevbB gvbyli cvZwnK
Rxebi wbqK|
`bw`b Rxeb wevb : wevbK ev` w`q gvbyli GKwU gyn~ZI Kbv Kiv hvq bv| GLb cwZ
gyn~Z, cwZ c`c mf-gvbyl wevbi mvnvh wbq Rxeb-aviY KiQ| GB h em wjLwQ nvZi
Kjg I Kvwj, jLvi KvMR, GgbwK emvi RvqMvwUZ ch wevbi cfve iqQ| Avgv`i c_NvU, Awdm-Av`vjZ, zj-KjR me RvqMvqB wevbi Ae`vb Amxg| ay ZvB bq, Avgv`i Ab,
e, evmvbi GB cv_wgK cqvRbUzKzI wevb viv wbqwZ| Avgv`i `bw`b Rxebi cvq cwZwU
KvRB Avgiv wevbi Dci wbfikxj|
ki Rxeb wevb : ki Rxeb gvbyl Avi wevb Avwfve RwoZ| kni Avgv`i Nyg fvO
GjvgNwoi k| Nyg _K DV w`bi iy Kwi Uz_c Avi Uz_evk w`q| Gici AvQ msev`c|
Zvici Mvm A_ev wnUvi wKsev vf ZvovZvwo ivbv Ki LvB| wiv, AUvwiv, evm, Ub ev
gvUimvBKj Po Kgj cuQvB| wmuwoi e`j wjdU DV AwdmK hvB| Uwjdvb, UwjMvg,
dv, B-gBj, BUvibU BZvw`i mvnvh `~i-`~iv Lei cvVvB| KwDUvi KvRi welq wjL

126

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

ivwL| Kv `nUvK Avivg `Iqvi Rb Gwm wKsev BjKwUK cvLvi wbP ewm GB fveB mvivw`b
wevbi mvnvh Avgiv Rxeb Pvwjq wbq hvwQ| Avevi mvq evwo wdi w`bi AembZv `~i KiZ
wgDwRK cqvi wKsev wUwf Pvwjq gbUvK mZR ivLZ Pv Kwi| Qj-gqiv KwDUvi Zv`i
bvU ivL; KLbv KLbv wfwWI Mgm& Lj| Ggwbfve Rxebi cwZ c`cB wevbi Ae`vb
Abyfe Kwi|
MvgxY Rxeb wevb : hvMvhvM I hvZvqvZi wevbi weqKi Ae`vbi Rb gvbyl AvR
`~iK KiQ wbKU cwZekx| evm, wiv, fvb, mvBKj, gvUimvBKj meB GLb MvgxY Rxebi
Ask| dj wevb kniRxebK AwZg Ki cuQ MQ Mvg| eZgvb Mvg RxebI wevbi Dci
wbfiZv eoB PjQ| Uz_c, Uz_evk, wUwf, iwWI, gvevBj dvb, UP, mv, mvevb, cvDWvi,
Avqbv-wPiywb, ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK `e, Uvi BZvw` GLb MvgxY gvbyli `bw`b Rxebi m
wgk MQ| knii gvbyl hgb wbR`i RxebhvvK mnR KiZ wevbK wbZmx KiQ,
Zgwb Mvgi gawe I DPwe gvbyli RxebI BjKwUK wnUvi, ivbvi Mvm, cmvi KzKvi, wdR,
Iqvwks gwkb BZvw` Acwinvh nq DVQ|
`bw`b Rxeb wevbi cfvei AcKvwiZv : `bw`b Rxeb wevbi Dci AwZgvvq wbfiZv
gvbyli AbK wZ KiQ| hi Dci AwZwi wbfi KiZ wMq gvbyl cwikg-wegyL nq DVQ|
gvbwmK cwikgi Zzjbvq kvixwiK cwikg Kg KiQ| dj bvbv RwUj ivM Avv nQ| gvbwmK
fvimvg b nQ| mePq eo K_v, gvbyli Rxeb KwgZv Nbxf~Z nQ| gvbyli mn, gvqv,
ggZvi gZv mYjv nvwiq hvQ| gvbyl gvbyl wef` evoQ| wevb-wbfi hkwi Dci A
Avv vcb KiZ wMq gvbyl hvwK nq DVQ|
Dcmsnvi : Avgv`i `bw`b Rxebi bvbv cqvRbxq e AvR GKevi nvZi gyVvq Gb w`qQ
wevb| mKvj _K mv, Avevi mv _K mKvj ch hv wKQz Avgv`i cqvRbxq Zvi meB
wevbi Ae`vb| wevb AvR Avgv`i wbZ mnPi| wevb Avgv`i Rxeb-hvcbK KiQ mnRmij| Ze `bw`b Rxeb wevbi cfve ay h KjvY KiQ Zv bq, AbK wZI KiQ| ZvB
wevbi Aceenvi bv Ki Avgv`i Aviv mPZb nZ ne|

5.9 QvRxebi `vwqZ I KZe

f~wgKv : gvbeRxebi mePq iyZc~Y mgq nQ QvRxeb| G mgq hfve wbRK Mo Zvjv nq,
mviv Rxeb m iKg dj cvIqv hvq| QvRxebK ejv nq cwZi Rxeb| vb-wevbi ivR wePiY
Ki wbRK hvM wnme Mo ZzjZ nq GB QvRxebB| myZivs eni Rxebi cUf~wgZ
QvRxebi `vwqZ I KZe AbK|

wbwgwZ

127

QvRxeb : Kwe mZ`bv_ ` ejQb :

wekRvov cvVkvjv gvi
mevi Avwg Qv,
bvbvfve bZzb wRwbm
wkLwQ w`eviv|
gvbyl mviv Rxeb wKQz bv wKQz kL| ZvB eni A_ gvbyli MvUv RxebUvB QvRxeb| wKy QvRxeb
ejZ Avgiv eywS, zj, KjR I wekwe`vjqi cvwZvwbK wkvRxebK| Rxeb MVbi Rb
gvbylK GKwU wekl mgq AvbyvwbK wkv MnY KiZ nq| g~jZ wkv cwZvb Aaqbi GB
mgqUzKzB gvbyli QvRxeb|
QvRxebi j : Qvbs Aaqbs Zct AaqbB nQ Qv`i GKgv Zcmv| QvRxebi c_g
I cavb j njv Aaqb I vb ARb| Qv-Qvx`i KVvi cwikg I Zcmvi gvag vb ARb
AvZwbqvM KiZ ne| fwelZ `k I RvwZK myzfve cwiPvjbv Kivi iy`vwqZ Zv`i IciB
AwcZ ne| m iy`vwqZ enb Kivi Rb Qvx`i Dchy wkvq wkwZ nZ ne|
QvRxebi KZe : vbvRb AvZwbqvMB GKRb Qvi cavb KZe| GRb GKRb wkv_xK
cvVcyKi evBi Aviv AbK ewk covkvbv KiZ nq| Avi GfveB cKZ vbvRbi mv_ mv_
ZvK gvbe-Pwii bvbvwea mr-YvewjI ARb KiZ nq| hgb :
1. PwiMVb : Pwi nQ gvbeRxebi gyKzU ^i~c| Qv`i GKwU cavb KvR njv Pwi MVb| ZvB
G mgq cZK QviB mZevw`Zv, mnvbyf~wZ, mnhvwMZv, civcKvi, D`viZv, ah, mshg, `kcg
cfwZ m`&Y Avq KiZ ne| me iKg Am`&Y I e`-Afvm _K `~i _vKvI GKRb Qvi
AbZg KZe|
2. wbqgvbyewZZv : kLjv Qvov gvbeRxeb my`ifve Mo DVZ cvi bv| GB kLjv ev wbqgvbyewZZv
QvRxebB ARb KiZ nq| G Y ARbi Ici Zvi fwelZi mvdj wbfi Ki|
3. mgqvbyewZZv : mgqwbv GKwU eo Y| h gvbyl mgqi g~j w`Z Rvb bv, m Rxeb DbwZ
KiZ cvi bv| ZvB QvRxeb _KB mgqwbvi Afvm KiZ ne, mgqi g~j w`Z ne|
4. Aaemvq : Qv`i AjmZv ZvM Ki cwikgx nZ ne| `Lv hvq AbK gavex QvI AjmZvi
KviY cixvq fvjv djvdj KiZ e_ nq| Avevi AbK Kg gavi Qv ay Aaemvq I cwikg
viv AvkvZxZ mvdj ARb Ki PgK mw Ki| ZvB QvRxeb Aaemvqi iyZ Acwimxg|
5. Ljvayjv I evqvg : ^vB mKj myLi g~j| Avi my kixi evm Ki my gb| kixi my bv
_vKj wbqwgZ jLvcov nq bv| ZvB kvixwiK I gvbwmK myZvi Rb Qv`i wbqwgZ Ljvayjv I
evqvgPPv Kiv Lye Riywi|

128

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

6. mn-wkv Kvhg AskMnY : Qv`i jLvcovi cvkvcvwk Abvb mn-wkv KvhgI AskMnY Kiv
cqvRb| weZK cwZhvwMZv, DcwZ eZv, Avew, wPvb, Mvb, bvP, Awfbq BZvw`ZI ZvK
Ask wbZ ne|
QvRxebi `vwqZ : QvRxebi `vwqZi `ywU w`K iqQ| GKwU nQ wbRi RxebK hvM Ki
Mo Zvjv, AciwU nQ `k I RvwZi Rb wbRK cZ Kiv| wbRK hvM Ki Zvjvi `vwqZ
h_vh_fve cvjb KiZ cvijB ew I RvwZ DfqiB KjvY nq| Qviv `k I RvwZi fwelr
KYavi, Avkv-AvKvvi cZxK; wkv I mswZi aviK I evnK| ZvB `ki RvZxq Dbqb mPZb
bvMwiK wnme Qv`i `vwqZ mePq ewk| AZxZ RvwZi msKUKvj QvmgvRB AMeZx wPvi
cw_Kr nq GwMq GmQ| gywhy QvmgvRi AskMnY wQj LyeB DjLhvM| fwelZI RvwZi
msKU-mgmvq Suvwcq co `k I RvwZK iv Kivi KvR QvmgvRKB `vwqZ wbZ ne|
cZK QvKB gvZvwcZvi cwZ kv, fvB-evb, AvZxq-^Rb`i cwZ fvjvevmv, cvov-cwZekx`i
cwZ mRb cKvk KiZ ne| mncvVx`i m ezZc~Y mK ivLZ ne| wkK I iyRb`i
mvb KiZ ne| ag-eY wbwekl mevi m cxwZ I HK eRvq ivLZ ne|
Dcmsnvi : gvbyli fwelr Rxebi wfw MwVZ nq QvRxeb| Avevi `k I RvwZi fwelr wbfi
Ki Qv`i Ici| ZvB QvRxebi KZe I `vwqZ wVKfve Dcjw Ki Zv h_vh_fve cvjb Kiv
cwZwU QviB DwPZ| GZ `k I RvwZi KjvY Ges DbwZ mvab nq|

5.10 kgi ghv`v

m~Pbv : KgB Rxeb| mwi mg cvYxKB wbR wbR KvRi gvag euP _vKZ nq| Qv wcuco
_K wekvj nvwZ ch mevBKB cwikg KiZ nq| cwikg vivB gvbyl Abvb cvYx _K wbRK
Avjv`v KiQ| cwikgi gvagB gvbyl wbRi fvM e`jQ| Ges e eQii kg I mvabv viv
cw_exK my`i I mg Ki ZzjQ| ejv hvq, gvbyl I mfZvi hveZxq AMMwZi g~j iqQ
cwikgi Ae`vb|
kg Kx : kgi AvwfavwbK A_ nQ gnbZ, `wnK LvUzwb| mvaviYZ h-Kvbv KvRB njv kg|
cwikg nQ G cw_exZ euP _vKvi msMvgi cavb nvwZqvi| cwikgi vivB Mo DVQ wek I
gvbe-mfZvi weRq-|
kgi kwYwefvM : kg `yB cKvi : gvbwmK kg I kvixwiK kg| wkK, Wvvi, evwbK, mvsevw`K,
Awdmi KgPvix kwYi gvbyl h aibi kg w`q _vKb mwUK ej gvbwmK kg| Avevi KlK,

wbwgwZ

129

kwgK, ZuvwZ, Rj, gRyi kwYi gvbyli kg nQ kvixwiK kg| ckv ev KvRi aib Abymvi GK
GK kwYi gvbyli cwikg GK GK aibi nq| Ze kg kvixwiK ev gvbwmK hv-B nvK bv Kb
Dfqi wgwjZ cwikgB Mo DVQ gvbe-mfZv|
kgi cqvRbxqZv : gvbyl wbRB wbRi fvMweavZv| Zvi GB fvMK wbgvY KiZ nq KVvi
cwikgi gvag| ZvB gvbeRxeb cwikgi cqvRbxqZv Acwimxg| KgwegyL Ajm gvbyl Kvbvw`b
DbwZ jvf KiZ cvi bv| cwikg Qvov Rxebi DbwZ Kbvgv| Rxeb AvZcwZv jvf KiZ nj
wbijm cwikg `iKvi| cw_exZ h RvwZ hZ ewk cwikgx, m RvwZ ZZ ewk DbZ| ZvB ewMZ I
RvZxq chvq cwZwZ nZ nj gvbylK cwikgx nZ ne| GKgv cwikgB gvbyli RxebK my`i
I mv_K Ki ZzjZ cvi|
kgi ghv`v : gvbyli Rb mvi Aaxb, wKy Kg gvbyli Aaxb| Rxeb-aviYi ZvwM` gvbyl bvbv
Kg wbqvwRZ nq| KlK dmj djvq, ZuvwZ Kvco evb, Rj gvQ ai, wkK Qv covb, Wvvi
wPwKrmv Kib, wevbx Avwevi Kib| Guiv cZKB gvbeZvi KjvY KvR Ki hvQb|
cw_exZ Kvbv KvRB QvU bq| Av_-mvgvwRK c`ghv`vq nqZv mevB mgvb bq| wKy G`i
cZKiB gav, gbb, Nvg I kg mfZv GwMq wbq PjQ| ZvB mKji kgi cwZB Avgv`i
mgvb ghv`v I kv _vKv DwPZ| DbZ wek Kvbv KvRKB ZzQ Kiv nq bv| mgvRi cwZwU jvK
wbRi KvRK iyZ w`q Kivi Pv Ki| ZvB Pxb, Rvcvb, Kvwiqv, ivwkqv, Bsjv, AvgwiKv,
dv, KvbvWv cfwZi gZv `k DbwZi Pig wkLi DVQ| Avgv`i `k kvixwiK kgK wekl
ghv`vi PvL `Lv nq bv| Zvi dj AvRv myRjv-mydjv-km-kvgjv `ki Awaevmx nqI Avgiv
Pig `vwi`i ga emevm Kwi|
cwikg mfvMi cm~wZ : mfvM AvKvk _K co bv| Rxeb mfvM ARbi Rb cPzi cwikg I
wbii mvabvi `iKvi nq| me gvbyli ga my cwZfv AvQ| cwikgi viv mB my cwZfvK
RvwMq ZzjZ nq| h gvbyl KgK Rxebi eZ wnme MnY KiQ, RxebmsMvg ZviB nqQ Rq|
Kgi cwZ wbew`Z-cvY ew Rxeb mdj mwbK nZ cvi| Kgnxb ew mgvRi evSv ^i~c|
Abw`K kgkxjZvB gvbeRxebi mfvMi PvweKvwV| Avgv`i Rxeb DbwZ KiZ nj, Rxeb
myLx nZ nj cwikgi weK bB|
Dcmsnvi : cwikg ay mfvMi wbqK bq, mfZv weKvkiI mnvqK| gvbe-mfZvi DbwZAMMwZZ kgi Ae`vb Ab^xKvh| Avgiv ^vaxb-mvefg evsjv`ki bvMwiK| mvbvi evsjv Movi ^c
I mvabv Avgv`i| ZvB Kvbv cKvi kg _K Avgv`i gyL wdwiq _vKj Pje bv| kg weRq-i_
Po Avgv`i DbZ mfZvi wmsnvi cuQZ ne|

130

evsjv evKiY I wbwgwZ

5.11 cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv

m~Pbv : gvbyli Ab wRvmv, Amxg KZ~nj| Zvi GB Ab wRvmv, Anxb vb ai ivL eB|
Avi eB msMnxZ _vK cvVvMvi| cvVvMvi njv mvwnZ, BwZnvm, ag, `kb, wevb BZvw`i GK wekvj
msMnkvjv| iex`bv_ VvKzii fvlvq : GLvb fvlv Pzc Kwiqv AvQ, cevn wi nBqv AvQ, gvbevZvi
Agi AvjvK Kvjv Aii kLj KvMRi KvivMvi euvav cwoqv AvQ| cvVvMvii eBqi fvvi
mwZ nq AvQ gvbemfZvi kZ kZ eQii BwZnvmi `q-`b|
cvVvMvi Kx : cvVvMvi ejZB Avgv`i PvLi mvgb fm IV Ggb GKwU evwo ev Ni, hLvb AbK
eB msMn I msiwZ _vK| cvVvMvii kvwK cwZk nQ cyKvMvi, MvMvi ev jvBewi| kLi
ga hgb mgy`i k kvbv hvq, cvVvMvii ga Zgwb gvbyli `qi Dvb-cZbi awb kvbv
hvq| cvVK GLvb k cvq mfZvi GK kvkZ avivi, Abyfe Ki gnvmgy`i kZ kZ eQii Kjvj
awb, bZ cvq RMZi GK gnv HKZvbi myi| ZvB cvVvMvi ev jvBewi nQ gvbyli AZxZ,
eZgvb I fwelZi mZzeb|
cvVvMvii BwZnvm : cvVvMvii BwZnvm ek cyibv| gy`Yh Avwevii AbKKvj AvM _KB
cvVvMvii cPjb wQj| ZLb gvbyl Zvi vb mwZ Ki ivLZ cv_i, cvov gvwU, cvnvoi Mv,
cvwcivm, f~Rc ev Pvgovq| Avi Gjv msiY Kiv nZv jLKi wbRi evwoZ, gw`iDcvmbvjq Ges ivRKxq feb| wLi Rbi cvq cuvP nvRvi eQi AvM wgki cvVvMvii AwZ
wQj| cvPxb wMmI cvVvMvi wQj ej cgvY iqQ| fviZ cvPxbKvj cwZ`i ewMZ cvVvMvi wQj|
cieZxKvj e wenvimn wewfb Dcvmbvjq, bvj`v wekwe`vjq I wegkxjvq mg cvVvMvi Mo
IV| GQvov Avwmwiqv, AvjKRvw`qv, evM`v`, `vg, Pxb, wZeZmn evb cw_ex-weLvZ
cvVvMvii mvb cvIqv hvq|
cvVvMvii weKvk : AvaywbK Kvj wevbi mnvqZvq DbZ cvVvMvi cwZwZ nqQ| wekweLvZ
cvVvMvii ga jbi wewUk wgDwRqvg, gvi jwbb jvBewi, dvi wee&wjIw_K& bvrwmIbvj
jvBewi, IqvwksUbi jvBewi Ae KsMm, KjKvZvi bvkbvj jvBewi DjLhvM| Avgv`i `k
XvKvq K`xq cvewjK jvBewi cwZwZ nq 1953 mvj| GB jvBewii mnhvwMZvq `ki wewfb
vb miKvwi-emiKvwi chvq kZvwaK cvVvMvi cwiPvwjZ nQ| GQvov XvKvq evsjv GKvWgx
MvMvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq MvMvi, RvZxq MK`, GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU jvBewi, wewUk KvDwj
jvBewi, ivRkvnxi ei` wgDwRqvg, Lyjbvi DgkP` wZ MvMvi mwekl DjLhvM| eZgvb
weki wewfb `k vggvY cvVvMvi vcb Ki gvbyli vb wccvmv PwiZv_ Kivi cPv Aviv
eMevb nqQ| XvKvi wekmvwnZ K` evsjv`k vggvY cvVvMvii cPjb Ki AvjvwKZ gvbyl
Movi KvR wbijm Pv Pvwjq hvQ|

wbwgwZ

131

cvVvMvii kwYwefvM : wek bvbv iKg cvVvMvi iqQ| Zvi ga ewMZ cvVvMvi, cvwievwiK
cvVvMvi, mvaviY cvVvMvi, RvZxq cvVvMvi DjLhvM| ewMZ I cvwievwiK cvVvMvii cwimi mxwgZ|
mvaviY cvVvMvi memvaviYi Rb Dby, ZvB Gi cwimi AbK evcK I weZ| zj, KjR,
wekwe`vjqi Qv-wkKi cqvRb h cvVvMvi Mo IV mjv cvwZvwbK cvVvMvi| weki cwZwU
`kB ivxqfveI cvVvMvi vcb Kiv nq _vK| GjvB RvZxq cvVvMvi|
cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv : gvbyli kixii Rb hgb Lv`i `iKvi, Zgwb gbi Lv`I Zvi
cqvRb| GB cqvRb gUvZ cvi cvVvMvi| cvVvMvi gvbyli Kv, eyfyz gbK Avb` `q| Zvi
vb cmvi iywPeva RvMZ Ki| cvVvMvi msMnxZ _vK bvbv gZ I c_i eB| iex`bv_ VvKzii
fvlvq : jvBewii ga Avgiv mnm c_i Pgv_vi Dci `uvovBqv AvwQ| Kvb c_ Ab mgy`
wMqvQ, Kvb c_ Ab wkLi DwVqvQ, Kvb c_ gvbe `qi AZj k KwiqvQ| h hw`K BQv
avegvb nI Kv_vI evav cvBe bv| gvbyl Avcbvi cwivYK GZUzKz RvqMvi ga euvavBqv ivwLqvQ|
mg cvVvMvi me aibi cvVKi vbZv wbeviY Ki; gvbyli bwZK Pwi MVb Ae`vb ivL|
eB Qvov cKZ gbylZ jvf Kiv hvq bv| ZvB cvVvMvii gvagB GKwU RvwZ DbZ, wkwZ I
mswZevb RvwZ wnme Mo IV| RvZxq Rxeb ZvB cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv I iyZ Acwimxg|
cvVvMvii cqvRbxqZv mK wePvicwZ nvweeyi ingvbi ee iyZc~Y : MvMvii gvag
gvbyli ga Mo IV msnwZ hv `k Mov wKsev ivi KvR ivL Ag~j Ae`vb| eB covi h Avb`
gvbyli gb, ZvK RvMZ Ki ZzjZ AvR me cvVvMvii evcK cmvi cqvRb|
Dcmsnvi : cvVvMvi gvbemfZvi AMMwZi avivevwnK BwZnvm, gvbe-`qi wgjb| my mswZi
wevi NUvZ cvVvMvi GKv Acwinvh| zj-KjRi Dci cvVvMvii vb| RvwZi cKZ vbvRb
I cvYkwi ewi Rb zj-KjRi gZv `ki meLvb cvVvMvi cwZv Kiv AvR AZ Riywi|

5.12 KggyLx wkv

m~Pbv : wkv RvwZi giy`| wkv Qvov Rxeb Ac~Y| wKy h wkv eve Rxeb KvR jvM bv, m
wkv A_nxb| G aibi wkvq cwievi, mgvR I ivi evSv evo| ZvB RxebwfwK wkvB cKZ
wkv| Avi Rxebi mv_ m h wkv mwUB KggyLx wkv| GKgv KggyLx wkvB nQ Avgv`i
eve Rxebi mnvqK|

132

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

KggyLx wkv Kx : KggyLx wkv nQ GKRb ewK Zvi AvZcwZvq mnvqZv Kivi j wekl
Kvbv Kg cwkwZ Ki Zvjv| A_vr h wkveevq gvbyl Kvbv GKwU welq nvZ-Kjg wkv
jvf Ki Ges wkv kl RxweKvRbi hvMZv ARb Ki, ZvKB KggyLx wkv ej| KggyLx
wkvK KvwiMwi ev ewg~jK wkvI ejv nq _vK|
KggyLx wkvi cKvif` : KggyLx wkv hvwK wkv bq| RxebgyLx wkvi cwigjB Zvi Aevb|
ZvB cwic~Y I mvgwMK Rxebevai AvjvK KggyLx wkv `yB fvM wef| GKwU njv DPZi
KggyLx wkv| GwUZ hviv wevb welq cvi`kx Zviv wewfb KjR, wekwe`vjq _K DPZi wWwM
ARb Ki Wvvi, Bwwbqvi, Kwlwe` BZvw` ^vaxb ckv MnY KiZ cvi| PvKwii Avkvq em
_vKZ nq bv| AviKwU njv mvaviY KggyLx wkv| Gi Rb KjR, wekwe`vjqi DPwkvi
`iKvi nq bv| cv_wgK ev gvawgK wkvB h_| mvaviY KggyLx wkvi ga co Kvgvi, Kzgvi,
ZuvwZ, `wR, KjKviLvbvi KvwiMi, gvUiMvwo givgZ, Nwo-iwWI-wUwf-wdR givgZ, QvcvLvbv I
euvavBqi KvR, Pvgovi KvR, Mvwd AvUm, BjKwUK wgw, KvVwgw, ivRwgw, grm Pvl, nuvmgyiwM cvjb, bvmvwi, avxwe`v BZvw`| G wkvq wkwZ nj KvivB euP _vKvi Rb fveZ nq bv|
KggyLx wkvi cqvRbxqZv : gvbyli gav I gbbK weKwkZ Kivi Rb cqvRb wkvi| ZvB
gvbylK mB wkvB MnY Kiv DwPZ, h wkv Zvi A_bwZK I mvgvwRK Rxebavivi Dbqb KvhKix
f~wgKv ivLZ mg nq| evsjv`ki Awkv I AcwiKwZ cyuw_MZ wkveevi KviY cvq `o KvwU
jvK Kgnxb| G `yiev _K gyw cZ cwiKwZ I evwbK Dcvq Rxeb m I DcvRbg
KggyLx wkveev ceZb Riywi| KggyLx wkv AvZKgmsvbi bvbv myhvM mw Ki| ewK
^vej^x Ki Zvj| G wkv ew I `kK eKviZi Awfkvc _K gyw `q| `ki A_bwZK
Dbqb I `vwi`wegvPb mwq f~wgKv cvjb Ki| KggyLx wkvq ` RbkwK Avgiv we`k
cvwVq cPzi e`wkK gy`v ARb KiZ cvwi| eZgvb weki mv_ Zvj wgwjq Avgv`i `kI KggyLx
wkveevK wk, wevb, KvwiMwi Dbqb I AMMwZ mvabi DchvMx Ki Zvjv Awbevhfve
cqvRbxq nq coQ|
KggyLx wkvi cmvi : KggyLx wkvi iyZ AvR me ^xKZ| Gi gvag nvZ-Kjg wkv MnY Ki
wkv_xiv ckvMZ KvRi hvMZv ARb Ki Ges ` Kgx wnme Kg hvM `q| KggyLx wkv
cmvi I DrKl mvab webv Kvbv RvwZi Kwl, wk, Kj-KviLvbv, Abvb Drcv`b Ges KvwiMwi
DbwZ me bq| evsjv`k KggyLx wkvi gB mcmvwiZ nQ| `k cKkj, wevb I
chyw Ges Kwl wekwe`vjq; cwjUKwbK I fvKkbvj Uwbs BbwwUDU; j`vi I UUvBj
UKbvjwR KjR, Mvwd AvUm& KjR BZvw` cwZwZ nqQ| Gjv KggyLx wkv cmvi f~wgKv
ivLQ| wKy cqvRbi Zzjbvq Zv AAcZzj| ZvB Avgv`i `k miKvi I RbMYi mwq cPvq

wbwgwZ

133

Aviv AbK KggyLx wkvcwZvb Mo Zvjv `iKvi| eZgvb gvawgK i KggyLx wkv cmvii
ek wKQz iyZc~Y c`c MnY Kiv nqQ| Gi ga zj I gv`&ivmvq beg I `kg kwYZ
ewmK UW Kvm Pvjy, Kwlwevb, wk, mgvRKjvY I Mvn wevb welq wnme Afz; cwjUwbK
BbwwUDU Wej wkdU Pvjy BZvw` DjLhvM|
Dcmsnvi : evsjv`k wecyj RbmsLvi `k| KggyLx wkvi gvag G RbmsLvK RbkwZ i~cvi
Kiv me| ` Rbkw `ki m`; Dbqbi g~j PvweKvwV| ZvB Avgv`i `k AZ iyZi mv_
evcKfve KggyLx wkvi cmvi NUvbv `iKvi|

5.13 Aaemvq
m~Pbv : e_Zv KD Pvq bv| mevB mvdj LuvR| wKy KDB me KvR GKevi mdj nq bv|
mdjZvi Rb evievi Pv KiZ nq| Kvbv KvR mvdj jvfi Rb evievi GB Pvi bvgB
Aaemvq| Aaemvq Qvov Rxeb DbwZ jvf Kiv hvq bv| AaemvqB nQ gvbemfZvi AMMwZi
PvweKvwV|
Aaemvq Kx : Aaemvq ki AvwfavwbK A_ Aweivg mvabv, gvMZ Pv| Kvbv wbw` j
cuQvbvi Rb Aweivg mvabv ev gvMZ Pv Pvwjq hvIqvK ej Aaemvq| e_Zvq wbivk bv nq
KVvi cwikg Avi ahi mv_ Afx j cuQvbvi gaB Aaemvqi mv_KZv wbwnZ|
Aaemvqi cqvRbxqZv : e_ZvB mdjZvi c_g mvcvb| e_Zv _K mvabvi iy, Avi mdjZvi
gvag Zvi kl| ZvB gvbeRxeb mvabv ev Aaemvqi weK bB| Aaemvqx gvbyl Amva mvab
KiZ cvi| GgbwK Aaemvqi YB gvbyl cw_exZ AgiZ jvf KiZ cvi| ZvB gvbeRxeb
Aaemvqi cqvRbxqZv Acwimxg|
QvRxeb Aaemvq : QvRxeb Aaemvqi iyZ mePq ewk| QvRxebB fwelr Movi Dchy
mgq| G mgq e_ nj m~Y gvbeRxebB e_Zvq chewmZ nq| h Qv Aaemvqx, mvdj Zvi
nvZi gyVvq| Ajm Qv-Qvx gavex njI covkvbvq KLbv mdj nZ cvi bv| KVvi Aaemvq
Qvov Kvbv KvRB Rqx nIqv hvq bv| QvRxebB GB mZ Dcjw Ki wbRK Aaemvqx wnme
Mo ZzjZ ne| gb ivLZ ne Kwe Kvjxcmb Nvli weLvZ Dw :
cvwie bv GK_vwU ewjI bv Avi,
Kb cvwie bv Zvnv fve GKevi,
[...]

134

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

GKevi bv cvwij `L kZevi|

Aaemvq I cwZfv : Aaemvq cwZfvi Pq AbK eo| gbxlx fj&Zqvii fvlvq, cwZfv ej
Kvbv wKQz bB| cwikg I mvabv Ki hvI Zvnj cwZfvK AMvn KiZ cvie| WvjUb ejQb,
jvK AvgvK cwZfvevb ej; wKy Avwg cwikg Qvov Avi wKQz Rvwb bv| wevbx wbDUbi Dw,
Avgvi Avwevi cwZfv-cm~Z bq, e eQii Aaemvq I wbiewQb mvabvi dj| G _KB evSv
hvq, Aaemvq I cwikg Qvov kyay cwZfvi Kvbv g~j bB| cwZfvevb ewiv Aaemvq vivB wbRi
KvRK mymb Ki Zvjb| Avevi Aaemvqi viv AbK cwZfvevb wnme mybvg ARb Kib|
Aaemvqi D`vniY : cw_exZ hme gbxlx mvdji DP wkLi AivnY Ki AgiZ jvf KiQb,
Zuviv mKjB wQjb Aaemvqx| Ujvi ivRv ievU eym I dvi weLvZ HwZnvwmK KvjvBj
Aaemvqi k D`vniY| ievU eym evievi BsiR`i KvQ civwRZ nqI hy-Rqi Avkv I Pv
ZvM Kibwb| levi civwRZ nq wZwb hy wPvq gM AvQb, Ggb mgq `LZ cjb GKwU
gvKomv evievi KwoKvV myZv euvaevi Pv KiQ Ges e_ nQ| GBfve Qqevi e_ nq mgevi
gvKomvwU mdj njv| GB `L ievU eymI mgevi hy Ki BsiR`i civwRZ Kib Ges
Uji Ici wbRi AvwacZ wevi Kib| gbxlx KvjvBj Zuvi jLv divwm wecei BwZnvmi
cvzwjwc GK ezK coZ w`qwQjb| ezi evwoi KvRi gwnjv mwUK evR KvMR fe cywoq
djb| KvjvBj GZ GKUzI `g hvbwb| wZwb Avevi Pv Ki eBLvbv wjL wekevmxK Dcnvi
w`qwQjb| mgvU bcvwjqvb, Avevnvg wjb, wvdvi Kj^vm cgyL gbxlxi RxebI Aaemvqi
GK weivU mv| AvPvh RM`xkP` emy, mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq Aaemvqi YB AvR wekweLvZ|
CkiP` we`vmvMi, KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg, myKv fvPvh Aaemvqi Dj `v| Avgiv evOvwjgvB
Zuv`i Rb MweZ|
Dcmsnvi : Aaemvq nQ RxebmsMvgi g~j ciYv| G msMvg mdjZv I e_Zv DfqB mgvbfve
MyiyZc~Y| Ze Aaemvqx gvbyl Rxebi me e_ZvK mvdj cwiYZ KiZ cvi| ZvB wbwavq ejv
hvq, Rxeb mvdji Rb Aaemvqi weK bB|

5.14 ^`kcg

wbwgwZ

135

m~Pbv : gvbyl ^vfvweKfveB Zvi RbvbK fvjvevm| Rbvbi Avjv-Rj-nvIqv, c-cvwLmeyR cKwZi mv_ Zvi wbweo mK Mo IV| Rbvbi cwZwU a~wjKYv Zvi KvQ gb nq mvbvi
PqI `vwg| m Dcjw Ki
wgQv gwY gyv-ng
^`ki wcq cg
Zvi Pq iZ bvB Avi|
gvbyli GB DcjwB nQ ^`kcg|
^`kcgi msv_ : ^`kcg A_ nQ wbRi `ki cwZ, RvwZi cwZ, fvlvi cwZ Mfxi AvKlY
Abyfe Kiv| `ki cwZ cej AbyivM, wbweo fvjvevmv Ges h_v_ AvbyMZK `kcg ej| Rbf~wgi
^v_ me^ ZvMi mvabvB ^`kcg |
^`kcgi ^ic~ : ^`k A_ wbRi `k| wbRi `kK mevB fvjvevm| gvK hgb mevB
wbt^v_fve fvjvevm, Zgwb ^`ki cwZI mevi fvjvevmv mKj ^v_i Ea| cZK gvbyliB
K_vq, wPvq I KvR cKvk cvq ^`ki cwZ wbweo ggZeva| GB eva ev PZbv `qi Mfxi _K
DrmvwiZ| ZvB GWDBb Avb ejwQjb, RxebK fvjvevwm mwZ, wKy `ki Pq ewk bq|
msZ kvK AvQ : Rbbx Rbf~wg ^Mv `wc Mixqmx| A_vr Rbbx I Rbf~wg ^Mi PqI k|
^`kcgi Abyf~wZ : `k I `ki gvbyli cwZ `ywbevi AvKlY _K Rb nq ^`kcgi| cw_exi
me RvqMvi AvKvk, Puv`, m~h GK njI ^`kcgi PZbv _K gvbyl wbRi `ki Puv`-m~hAvKvkK Avjv`vfve wPwZ Ki fvjvevm| ^`kcgi Abyf~wZ mePq ewk cKvwkZ nq `ki
^vaxbZv wecb nj| ZLb ^`kcgi cej AveM gvbyl wbRi Rxeb w`ZI wav Ki bv| Kbbv
m Rvb, `ki Rb wbtkl cvY h Kwie `vb, q bvB Zvi q bvB|
QvRxeb ^`kcg : QvivB `ki I RvwZi fwelr KYavi| `ki DbwZ I RvwZi Avkv c~iYi
Avkqj| ZvB `k I RvwZi cwZ Mfxi ggZeva QvRxebB RvwMq ZzjZ ne| `kK
fvjvevmvi Dxeb g `xwZ nZ ne| Qv`i `kcg Dy KiZ cvijB `ki ^v_
cqvRb Rxeb DrmM Kivi AvMn mw ne| Zv`i K DPvwiZ ne we`vnx Kwei evYx :
Avgiv iwP fvjvevmvi Avkvi fwelr,
gv`i ^M-c_i Avfvm `Lvq AvKvk-Qvqvc_|
gv`i PvL wekevmxi ^c `Lv nvK mdj|
Avgiv Qv`j\
evOvwji ^`kcg : cw_exZ hyM hyM AmsL `kcwgK RbQb| Zuviv `ki Rb Rxeb DrmM

136

evsjv evKiY wbwgwZ

Ki Agi nq AvQb| evsjv`kI Zvi ARm `v iqQ| cvPxbKvj _K G `k we`wk kw

cfyZ wevii Pv KiQ, Avi ^`kcwgK evOvwj `ki ^vaxbZv I mvb iv_ AKvZi cvY
wemRb w`qQ| 1952 mvj cvwKvwb ^i-kvmKi nvZ evsjv-fvlvi Rb iwdK, kwdK, mvjvg,
Revi, eiKZi AvZ`vb `kcgi GK bZzb gvv mshvRb KiQ| 1971-G evsjv`ki
^vaxbZv I mvefgZ cwZvi msMvg AvZ`vb KiQ AmsL Qv-wkK, KlK-kwgK, mvsevw`KeywRxex, gv-evbmn mvaviY gvbyl| AKzZvfq kZ-mnm G mwbKi `kcgi `v cw_exi
BwZnvm weij| GLbv G`ki jKvwU RbZv `ki mvgvb wZi mvebvq eRK MR IV|
^`kcg I wekcg : ^`kcg g~jZ wekcgiB GKwU Ask| Kbbv weki me gvbylB cw_ex bvgK
GB f~Li Awaevmx| ZvB ^`kcgi gvag mKjiB wekvZZ, gx I wek-gvbeZvK DPwKZ
Ki ZzjZ ne| KviY wekRbbxi AuvPj-Qvqvq `kRbbxi VuvB| Kweiy iex`bv_ VvKzi mRbB
MqQb
I Avgvi `ki gvwU, Zvgvi ci VKvB gv_v,
ZvgvZ wekgqxi ZvgvZ wekgvqi AuvPj cvZv\
Dcmsnvi : `kcg GKwU wbt^v_ I wbjvf AvZvbyf~wZ| Kvbv cKvi jvf ev jvfi ekeZx nq
`kK fvjvevmv hvq bv| cKZ `kcwgKi KvQ `ki gjB GKgv Kvg| `ki Rb Zuviv
me^ `vb KiZ cvib| Zuv`i kh-exh I PvwiwK `pZv AvengvbKvj ai RvwZK ciYv hvMvq|
KvRB ew^v_ bq, `k I RvwZi ^v_K mevi Dci vb w`Z ne| `k Movi KvR, `ki Rb
gjRbK KvR Avgv`i mKjK wbew`ZcvY nZ ne| mevcwi `kK fvjvevmvi ga w`q mgM
wekK fvjvevmZ wkLZ ne| ZeB AwRZ ne ^`kcgi P~ov mv_KZv|

mgv