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Write your answer on extra sheet of paper, if necessary
Mid-Term Test of Matb 210 Engineering Mathematics I in 2012
Date: 8:10-10:00pm, Tuesday, 2012/10/22
1. ( 6 marks) Sketch a graph of the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , and the level curves
f (x, y) = k corresponding to k = 0, 1, 4, 9, and 16.
2. (10 marks) Find the domain and the range of the function defined by f (x, y, z) =

x + y z + xeyz .
3. (8 marks) Determine the limit
4. (10 marks) Evaluate the limit

1. Sketch a graph of the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , using the level curves corresponding to k = 0, 1, 4, 9, and 16.
Solution.The level curve of corresponding to each value of is a circle x2 + y 2 = k
of radius k, centered at the origin (0, 0). For example, if k = 4, the level curve is
the circle with equation x2 + y 2 = 4 = 22 , centered at the origin and having radius
2. The required contour map of comprises the origin and the four concentric
circles shown in figure (a) below. The graph of f is the paraboloid shown in the
figure (b) below.

2x2 y
x2 +y 2

as (x, y) approaches to (0, 0).

8xy
3
lim
2x+y .

(x,y)(2,4)

5. (8 marks) Find fx and fy if f (x, y) = (x + y) cos(xy 2 ).

2
6. (12 marks) If u(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , show that xu2 +

2u
y 2

2u
z 2

= u2 .

7. (10 marks) Suppose z = z(x, y) is a differentiable function of x and y that is

z
z
defined implicitly by x2 + y 3 z + 2yx2 = 5. Find x
and y
.
8. (14 marks) Suppose f (x, y) has continuous second partial derivatives in x and y.
Define the second-order directional derivative of in the direction of the unit vector
u = ai + bj to be Du2 f (x, y) = Du (Du f ).
(a) Find an expression in terms of the partial derivatives of f for Du2 f.
(b) Find Du2 f (x, y) if f (x, y) = xy 2 +exy and u has the same direction as v = 2i3j.
9. (10 marks) Find the differential of the function z(x, y) = x2 tan1 (y 3 ).
10. (8 marks) Is there a function such that f (x, y) = yi + xj exist? Explain.
11. (15 marks) Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum values of the
function f (x, y) = 2x2 + y 2 4x 2y + 3 on the rectangle D = { (x, y) | 0 x
3, 0 y 2 }.
12. (15 marks) Find the absolute extreme values of f (x, y) = 2x + y 2y + 1, subject
to the constraint x2 + y 2 4.
2

13. (Bonus 15 marks)

(a) What is a critical point of a function f (x, y)?
(b) What role does a critical point of a function play in the determination of the
relative extrema of the function?
(c) State the Second Derivative Test for a function of two variables.

2. Find the domain of the function defined by f (x, y, z) = x + y z + xeyz .

Solution. f (x, y, z) is a real number provided that or, equivalently, x + y z 0.
Therefore, the domain of is D = { (x, y, z) | x + y z 0 }. This is the halfspace (containing (1, 0, 0)) consisting of all points lying on or below the plane
x + y z = 0.
2

y
3. Determine the limit x2x
2 +y 2 as (x, y) approaches to (0, 0).
Solution. The limit exists and is equal to 0. The proof is given as follows: As
2xy = (2xy + x2 + y 2 ) + (x2 + y 2 ) = (x2 + y 2 ) (x y)2 x2 + y 2 , and

2
y
|y| = y 2 x2 + y 2 , hence for any (x, y) = (0, 0), it follows that | x2x
2 +y 2 0|



 2xy 
 x2 +y2  |y| |y| x2 + y 2 . It follows from sandwich theorem of limit that
2x2 y
2 +y 2
x
(x,y)(0,0)

lim

= 0.

4. Evaluate the limit

lim
(x,y)(2,4)

8xy
2x+y .

of limit
the limit exists and
Solution. By the theorems
for arithmetic operations,

3
8xy
8xy
224
3
3
3
is equal to
lim
lim
8 = 2.
2x+y =
2x+y =
22+4 =
(x,y)(2,4)

(x,y)(2,4)

5. Find fx and fy if f (x, y) = (x + y) cos(xy 2 ).

Solution. fx (x, y) = x
( (x + y) cos(xy 2 ))
(
)

2
= x (x + y) cos(xy ) + (x + y) x
(cos(xy 2 ))
2
2
2
= cos(xy ) (x + y) sin(xy ) x (xy )

= cos(xy 2 ) (x + y)y 2 sin(xy 2 ).

fy (x, y) = y
( (x + y) cos(xy 2 ) )
(
)

= y
(x + y) cos(xy 2 ) + (x + y) y
(cos(xy 2 ))

= cos(xy 2 ) (x + y) sin(xy 2 ) y
(xy 2 )
= cos(xy 2 ) 2(x + y)xy sin(xy 2 ).

2
2
2
6. If u(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , show that xu2 + yu2 + zu2 = u2 .

( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = x
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2
Solution. ux (x, y, z) = x
= 12 (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/21 (2x) = 2 x 2 2 and
x +y +z
(
)

( x2 +y 2 +z 2 )
(x)
x2 +y 2 +z 2 x x
x

=
uxx (x, y, z) = x
x2 +y 2 +z 2 x
( x2 +y 2 +z 2 )2
2 2 2
2
(x +y 2 +z 2 )x2
x
x +y +z x

y 2 +z 2
x2 +y 2 +z 2
= (x2 +y
2 +z 2 )3/2 .
x2 +y 2 +z 2
x2 +y 2
x2 +z 2
Similarly, uyy (x, y, z) = (x2 +y2 +z2 )3/2 , and uzz (x, y, z) = (x2 +y
2 +z 2 )3/2 .
y 2 +z 2
x2 +y 2
x2 +z 2
Hence, uxx + uyy + uzz = (x2 +y2 +z2 )3/2 + (x2 +y2 +z2 )3/2 + (x2 +y2 +z2 )3/2
2
+y 2 +z 2 )
2
2
= (x2(x
2 +y 2 +z 2 )3/2 = (x2 +y 2 +z 2 )1/2 = u .

x2 +y 2 +z 2
x2 +y 2 +z 2

7. Suppose z = z(x, y) is a differentiable function of x and y that is defined implicitly

z
z
by x2 + y 3 z + 2yx2 = 5. Find x
and y
.
Solution. Differentiating
the
given
equation
implicitly
to x, we find
)
( 2
( with
) respect

z
z
z
0 = x
(5) = x
x + y 3 z + 2yx2 = 2x x
+ 2y 2x x
= x
(4yz 1) + 2x,
2

+2z
z
2x
z
= 14yz
. Similarly, we have y
= 3y14yz
.
and so x
Remark. Define F (x, y, z) = x2 + y 3 z + 2yx2 , then it follows from the implicit
2
F
+2z 2
z
z
2x
function theorem that x
= FFxz = 14yz
. y
= Fyz = 3y14yz
.

8. Suppose f (x, y) has continuous second partial derivatives in x and y. Define the
second-order directional derivative of in the direction of the unit vector u = ai + bj
to be Du2 f (x, y) = Du (Du f ).
(a) Find an expression in terms of the partial derivatives of f for Du2 f.
(b) If f (x, y) = xy 2 + exy and u has the same direction as v = 2i 3j.
2i3j
v

Solution. u = v
. Then Du f (x, y) = f (x, y) u
=
= 2i3j
4+9
13
2

xy

xy

= (y 2 + yexy , 2xy + xexy ) (2,3)

= 2(y +ye )3(2xy+xe
13
13
= 113 (2y 2 6xy + 2yexy 3xexy ). And then (Du f )(x, y)
= 113 (6y + 2y 2 exy 3exy 3xyexy , 4y 6x + 2exy + 2yxexy 3x2 exy ).
+2yxe 3x e ) (2,3)
Du2 f (x, y) = (6y+2y e 3e 3xye ,4y6x+2e
13
13
)
(
1
2 xy
xy
xy
xy
= 13 2(6y + 2y e 3e 3xye ) 3(4y 6x + 2e + 2yxexy 3x2 exy ) .
2 xy

xy

xy

xy

xy

2 xy

9. Find the differential of the function z(x, y) = x2 tan1 (y 3 ).

1
Solution. zx (x, y) = 2x tan1 (y 3 ), and zy (x, y) = x2 y
(tan1 (y 3 ) ) = x2 1+(y
3 )2

3
y (y )

3y 2 x2
1+y 6 .

Hence, we have dz = 2x tan1 (y 3 ) dx +

3y 2 x2
1+y 6

dy.

10. Is there a function such that f (x, y) = yi + xj exist? Explain.

Solution. By formula, we have (fx , fy ) = f (x, y) = (y, x), so fx (x, y) = y
and fy (x, y) = x. Then fxy (x, y) = 1 and fyy (x, y) = 1. As both are continuous
on xy-plane, it follows fxy (x, y) = fyx (x, y). This is a contradiction.
11. Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum values of the function
f (x, y) = 2x2 + y 2 4x 2y + 3 on the rectangle D = { (x, y) | 0 x 3, 0
y 2 }.
Solution Since is a polynomial, it is continuous on the closed, bounded set D.
Therefore, it follows from the theorem that both an absolute maximum and an
absolute minimum value of f exist on D.
Interior critical points: (0, 0) = f (x, y) = (4x 4, 2y 2) if and only if
(x, y) = (1, 1).
Boundary points: Let O(0, 0), A(3, 0), B(3, 2) and C(0, 2) be 4 vertices of rectangular region D.
On segment OA = { (x, 0) | 0 x 3}, we have f (x, 0) = 2x2 4x + 3 =
2(x 1)2 + 1, and hence f (1, 0) = 1 f (x, 0) f (3, 0) = 9.
On AB = { (3, y) | 0 y 2 }, we have f (3, y) = y 2 2y + 9 = (y 1)2 + 8,
and hence f (3, 1) = 8 (y 1)2 + 8 = f (3, y) f (3, 2) = 9.
On BC = { (x, 2) | 0 x 3 }, we have f (x, 2) = 2x2 4x+3 = 2(x1)2 +1,
and hence f (1, 2) = 1 2(x 1)2 + 1 = f (x, 2) f (3, 2) = 9.
On OC = { (0, y) | 0 y 2 }, we have f (0, y) = y 2 2y + 3 = (y 1)2 + 2,
and hence f (0, 1) = 2 (y 1)2 + 2 = f (0, y) f (0, 2) = 3.
It follows from the above that
max{(x,y)R} f (x, y) = max{ f (1, 1), f (3, 0), f (3, 0), f (3, 2), f (0, 2) }
= max{0, 9, 9, 9, 3} = 9, and
min{(x,y)R} f (x, y) = min{ f (1, 1), f (1, 0), f (3, 1), f (1, 2), f (0, 1) }
= max{0, 1, 8, 1, 2} = 0.
12. Find the absolute extreme values of f (x, y) = 2x2 + y 2 2y + 1, subject to the
constraint x2 + y 2 4.
Solution. As the disk D = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 4} is closed and bounded, and f is
a polynomial function, so f attains its absolute maximum and absolute minimum
on D
Interior critical point: (0, 0) = f (x, y) = (4x, 2y 2) if and only if (x, y) = (0, 1).
Boundary point on C = { (x, y) | x2 + y 2 = 4}. We apply the method of Lagrange
multiplier, let g(x, y) = x2 +y 2 . Then it follows from f = g that (4x, 2y 2) =
(2x, 2y), and x2 + y 2 = 4 i.e. ( 2)x = 0 and ( 1)y = 1. It follows from
the first equation that x = 0 or = 2. If x = 0 then y 2 = 4 x2 = 4
so y = 2. If
= 2, then y = 1/( 1) = 1, and so x2 = 4 y 2 = 3,so x = 3.
In any case, we have (x, y) = (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 2), ( 3, 1) and ( 3, 1),
then their f -values are 0, 9, 1, 10 and 10 respectively. So we have fmax =
and
f ( 3, 1) = 10, and fmin = f (0, 1) = 0.