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Amino acids can be classified into 4 types:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
based
based
based
based
on
on
on
on
the
the
the
the
position of -NH2
composition of -R side chain
Nutritional requirement
Metabolic Fate
o
o
o
o
o
Name of the
Amino acid
Glycine(glycosG=s
weet)
AlanineIsolated
from Silk Fibroin in
1888.
Valine
LeucineIsolated
from Cheese by
Proust in 1819.
IsoleucineDiscove
red by Paul Erhlish
(LT 1854 to 1915)
Single
letter
symbo
l
Three
letter
symbo
l
IUPAC name
Source
-amino
acetate
Animal
sourceare
Scleroproteins,
Gelatin and silk
fibroin.Plant
source are
Glycine Max (Soya
been)
Ala
-amino
propionate
Alanine is present
in Silk fibroin alon
with Glycine
Val
aminoisovalar
ate
Gly
Leu
aminoisocapr
oate
Ile
-amino-methylvalarat
e
Isolated from
cheese, but later
it was obtained in
purer form fro
hydrolysates of
wool.
Name of the
Amino acid
SerineDerived
from the Serum
ThreonineDisco
vered by Meyer &
Rose in 1936
Single
letter
symb
ol
Three
letter
symbo
l
IUPAC
name
Source
Ser
-amino-hydroxyl
propionate
-amino-hydroxyl
butyrate
Threonine is less
abundant than
serine in most
proteins.
Thr
Name of the
Amino acid
CysteineIsol
ated from
Urinary
stones in
1843
Methionine
Singl
e
letter
symb
ol
Three
letter
symbol
IUPAC name
Source
Cys
-amino-mercaptopropionat
e
Fibrous proteina
such as Keratin
from hair are
especially rich in
cysteins (12%)
Met
-amino-methylmercaptobu
tyrate
Name of the
Amino acid
Aspartic
acidDiscovere
d
by Ritthauseni
n 1868.
Glutamic
acidDiscovere
d
by Ritthauseni
n 1866
Single
letter
symbol
Three
letter
symbol
IUPAC
name
Source
Asp
aminosuccin
ate
It is the parent
compound of
aspargine.
aminoglutar
ate
It is found in
Gluten. It is the
parent compound
of Glutamine.
Glu
Arginine
Lysine
Single
letter
symb
ol
Three
letter
symb
ol
Arg
Lys
IUPAC name
Source
- amino-guanidinovalarate(Guani
donium group is present)
It is abundant
in highly
basic proteins
of the cell
nucleus
(histones)
and in Sperm
proteins.
, - diaminocaproate
It is present
in plant
proteins like
Corn and
Wheat.
Histidine
Single
letter
symbol
Three
letter
symbol
IUPAC name
Trp
-amino-3indolepropionat
e (or)
indolylalanine
His
-amino-Imidazolepropio
nate
Source
Hemoglobin,
Protamines and
Histones
Name of the
Amino acid
Phenylalanine
TyrosineIsolated
from Cheese in
1857
Single
letter
symbol
F
H) IMINO ACID:
Three
letter
symbol
IUPAC name
Phe
-amino-phenylpropionate
Tyr
-amino--(phydroxy phenyl)
propionate
Source
Cheese
These are also heterocyclic compounds, which have imino group (-NH-) instead of
amino group (-NH2).
Name of the
Amino acid
Single
letter
symbo
l
Three
letter
symbo
l
IUPAC name
Source
2pyrrolidinecarboxyl
ate
Proline
Phe
Hydroxy
Proline
Hy.Pro
The body can synthesize about 10 amino acids to meet the biological needs, hence they
need not be consumed in the diet.
Eg: Gly, Ala, Ser, Cys, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Tyr and Pro.
Histidine and Arginine are semi essential amino acids. Growing children require them in
food. But they are not essential for the adult individual.
All the remaining 14 amino acids are purely glucogenic as they enter only into the
glucogenic pathway.