International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering

Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015

Available online at www.ijiere.com

International Journal of Innovative and Emerging

Research in Engineering
e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343

p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494

Theoretical Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

for Low Wind Velocity
Shailesh P. Patankar1a, Samir J. Deshmukh2b, Rucha R. Kolhekar3c
a

Student of Thermal Engineering 1,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute Of
Technology and Research, Badnera, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
b
Associate Professor 2, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Prof. Ram Meghe Institute Of Technology and
Research, Badnera, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
c
Assistant Professor 3, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Prof. Ram Meghe Institute Of Technology and
Research, Badnera, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT:
Wind energy is most of the promising renewable energy source. In general, Moderate to high-speed winds,
typically from 5m/s to about 25m/s are considered favorable for most wind turbines in India. But in rural
areas, wind speed is near about 3m/s to 6m/s. So, this wind turbine is applicable for low wind velocity. In wind
turbine technology, the turbine blades play an important role as it directly comes in contact with the wind.
The objective of this paper is to design the wind turbine blade and to study the various design parameters
affecting design of wind turbine. This design is used to develope small wind turbine used for low power
generation of 100kW at low wind speed of 3m/s to 6m/s. The design of wind turbine blade is done in CAD
Software as CREO 2.0. By Velocity triangle of single blade of wind turbine, velocity can be determined and
this can be implemented in design procedure to design wind turbine blade. By using the fixed blade
mechanism, on an average, 45% velocity rise can be obtained at the entry to the wind turbine blade.
Keywords: wind speed, fixed blade, angle of incidence, wind turbine blade.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wind energy is most of the promising renewable energy source. The wind energy is firstly used to produce
mechanical energy and the system used to change the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy is called
windmill. The term wind turbine is the updated version of the term windmill. Wind turbine refers to the system which
converts the wind energy into electrical energy. Wind has considerable amount of kinetic energy when blowing at high
speeds. This kinetic energy when passing through the blades of the wind turbines is converted into mechanical energy
and rotates the wind blades and the connected generator, thereby producing electricity [6]. In general, Moderate to
high-speed winds, typically from 5m/s to about 25m/s are considered favourable for most wind turbines in India. But
in rural areas, wind speed is near about 3m/s to 6m/s. So, this wind turbine is applicable for low wind velocity.
With highly efficient, solid and reliable wind turbine, wind power offers a solution to meet energy needs and
environmental care. The blade is key element of micro wind turbines which converts the kinetic energy of the wind
and in electricity through generators [5]. Wind power represents one of the most promising sources of renewable
energy: currently wind is more economically feasible than solar or biomass for electricity generation [2]. Wind turbine
system that consists of a diffuser shroud with a broad-ring brim at the exit periphery and a wind turbine inside it. for
a given turbine diameter and wind speed. This is because a low-pressure region, due to a strong vortex formation
behind the broad brim, draws more mass flow to the wind turbine inside the diffuser shroud. Significant increase in
the output power of a micro-scale wind turbine was obtained [4]. Aerodynamic shape optimization is one of the main
research fields which is directly related to power production of a wind turbine [1]. In micro wind turbine, diffuser is
used to create pressure drop after rotation of blades so high velocity output can be obtained [7].
In wind turbine, fixed airfoil shaped blades are mounted on fixed shaft as stator and moving blades are mounted
on moving shaft. So, air impinged on fixed blades so moving blades are rotating. So, pressure reduction occurs in the

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Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015
diffuser and due to pressure drop air is sucked just like a exhaust nozzle of gas turbine and velocity of wind turbine is
increasing by increasing power output of system.

II. AIRFOIL THEORY

An Airfoil is a streamlined body bounded principally by two flattened curves and whose length and width are very
large in comparison with the thickness. It has a thick, rounded leading edge and thin trailing edge. Its maximum
thickness occurs somewhere near the midpoint of the chord. The backbone line lying midway between the upper and
lower surfaces is camber line.[2]
An airfoil means two dimensional cross section shape of wing whose purpose is to either generate lift or minimizing
drag when exposed to wind.[4]
When such blade is suitably shaped and properly oriented in the flow, force acting on it normal to direction of flow
is considerably larger than force resisting its motion.

Figure 1. Basic Wind Turbine Blade Structure

Lift on body is force on body in a direction normal to flow direction. Drag on body is force on body in
direction parallel to flow direction. For operating efficient jet wind turbine, lift force should be high and drag force
should be low. [3]

Figure 2. Forces on Fixed Blade Airfoil

Aerodynamic lift is the force responsible for the power yield generated by the turbine and it is therefore
essential to maximize this force using appropriate design. A resistant drag force which opposes the motion of the blade
is also generated by friction which must be minimized.[6]

Lift To Drag Ratio = Coefficient of Lift/Coefficient of Drag=

Where,

III. METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE BLADE

Two primary parts of wind turbine are as

i)
ii)

Stator Nozzle
Rotor Blades

A. Analytical Method

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Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015
Most of turbines possess more than one stage which consists of ring of fixed nozzle blades followed by rotor blade
ring mounted on common shaft. Energy transformation occurs in both fixed as well as moving blades. Rotor
experiences both energy transfer as well as energy transformation. Figure shows a single stage turbine along with
pressure and velocity changes when wind passes through a turbine stage.

Figure 3. Turbine stage along with pressure and velocity change

The flow geometry at entry and exit of a turbo machine stage is described by the velocity triangles which
consist of following three components as

i)
ii)
iii)

the peripheral velocity (u) of rotor blades,

the absolute velocity (c) of fluid, and
the relative velocity (w) of fluid
The notation used here to draw velocity triangles corresponding to the x-y coordinate; the suffix (a) identifies
components in axial direction and the suffix (t) refers to tangential direction. Air angles in the absolute system are
denoted by alpha (), where as those in the relative system are represented by beta (). The velocity triangles at entry
and exit of wind turbine are shown in fig. 4. Since stage is axial, change in mean diameter between its entry and exit
can be neglected so, peripheral or tangential velocity (u) remains constant.

Figure. 4. Velocity triangles for a wind turbine

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Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015

It is often assumed that the axial velocity component remains constant through the stage. For such a conditions

So, By Inlet velocity and inlet blade angle 1 other parameters can be calculated.
B. Graphical Method
By calculating various parameters like inlet and outlet angles of fixed and rotor blades design the fixed as well
as rotor blades in CAD Software as CREO 1.0 as

Figure 5. Sectional view of fixed and rotor blade

Then by inlet casing, outer casing and diffuser design complete assembly of wind turbine can be completed.

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Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015

Figure 6. Sectional assembly view of complete showing fixed and rotor blade, inlet casing, outer casing and
diffuser

So, complete assembly of wind turbine can be

Figure 7. Complete assembly of jet wind turbine

TABLE 1 theoretically calculated wind speed
SR
NO.

Inlet velocity in m/s

Outlet velocity in
m/s

Percentage
increase in
velocity in %

01

3 m/s

5.27 m/s

43.07%

02

4 m/s

6.056 m/s

43.31%

03

6 m/s

8.63 m/s

45.37%

04

8 m/s

10.43 m/s

47.63%

05

10 m/s

12.86 m/s

49.25%

06

12 m/s

14.61 m/s

51.36%

From table we observed that theoretically wind speed by using jet wind turbine can be increased 2-5% than
conventional wind turbine.

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Volume 2, Special Issue 1 MEPCON 2015
IV. MATERIAL SELECTION
The present work demonstrates that PVC blades profile gives better power capacity with respect to increase in
rotational speed of rotor.[5]. So, PVC type material can be used to manufacture the prototype of jet wind turbine.
V. CONCLUSIONS
From design of wind turbine, due to arranging of fixed blade before moving blades velocity of wind at outlet may be
increased. Due to pressure reduction occurs in the diffuser and due to pressure drop air is sucked just like an exhaust
nozzle of gas turbine and velocity of wind turbine is increasing by increasing power output of system. By using this
type of wind turbine 2-5% velocity can be increased other than conventional wind turbine. By numerically, maximum
wind velocity can be 10.43m/s which is 47.63% increase in velocity output.

[1]
[2]

[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

[8]

[9]

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