Square pitch

S
R
0.0625

T1
T2
t1
t2
R
S

245
95
85
95
15
0.0625

x
15
lnx 2.70805
y 32.10218
FT 0.838278

LMTD

15

51.69771223

(R^2+1)^0,5
15.0332963784

(1-S)/(1-SR)

ln(1-S)/(1-SR) R-1
15 2.7080502011

14

2-S(R+1-(R^2+1)^0,5 2-S(R+1+(R^2+1)^0,5 ln
1.9395810236
0.0604189764 3.4689240279

FT
0.838278

Triangular pitch
OD
Pitch
C'
De
De

1
1.25
0.25
0.711783
0.059315

OD
Pitch
C'
1/2 Pitchx0,86xPt
0,5*pi*OD^2/4
0,5xpixOD

1 in
1.25 in
0.25 in
0.671875
0.3925
1.57

De
De

0.711783 in
0.059315 Ft

in
in
in
in

T1
390
T2
200
t1
100
t2
170
R 2.714286
S 0.241379
x
lnx
y
FT
FT

Square pitch
S
R
(R^2+1)^0,5
0.24137931 2.7142857143
2.8926366759

LMTD

152.19592845

152.1959284451
220

2.2
0.788457
4.446093
0.891687
0.909521
A
a'
n

0.01034
0.00371
0.00034467
29.99968564
0.01905

ft2

(1-S)/(1-SR)
ln(1-S)/(1-SR) R-1
2-S(R+1-(R^2+1)^0,5 2-S(R+1+(R^2+1)^0,5 ln
2.2 0.7884573604 1.714286
1.8016709218
0.40522563 1.4920257802

FT
0.891687

Example 9.1

Dry ammonia gas at 83 psia and at rate of 9872 lb/hr is discharged from a compressor at 245 oF and
fed to a reactor at 95oF using cooling water from 85 to 95oF. A pressure drop of 2 psi is allowable on
and 10 psi on the water.

Available for the services is a 23 in. ID 1-2 exchanger having 364 in., 16 BWG tubes 80 long l
on 15/16 in triangular pith.The bundle is arranged for eight passes, and baffles are spaced 12 in. apar
What will the dirt factor and pressure drop be?
Heat exchanger
shell side
ID
Baffle space
passes

1. Heat Balance Ammonia

W
9872
C
0.53
T1
245 F
T2
95 F
Q
784824
2. True temperatur difference
LMTD
R

w
c
t1
t2
Q

364
0.75
8

water
78482.4
1
85
95
784824

51.69771
15
FT
T

Hot Fluid: Shell Side

3' Flow area, Ft2
ID
PT
OD
B
C'
as

Tube side
Number and length
OD, BWG, Pitch
Passes

23.25
12
1

23.25
0.9375
0.75
12
0.1875
0.3875

P
0.0625
0.838
43 F

in
in
in
in
in

Cold Fluid: tube side

3. flow area, at
a't
0.302 in2 (from Table 10)
Nt
364
n
8 passes

at

0.0954236111 ft2

4' mass velocity, Gs

Gs
25476.1290323 lb/hr/ft2

4. mass velocity, Gt
Gt
822463.1104 lb/hr/ft2
V=Gt/3600 3.6553916018 fps

5'. Res
De

Res =

5. Ret
D

Ret

JH =
6'. Pr number
k
Pr
Pr^(1/3)

0.044486465 ft
0.029 lb/ft/hr
39080.7904041
118 (Fig. 28)

0.017
0.9041176471
0.9669595687

0.0516666667 ft
1.99 lb/ft/hr
21353.732347

7'
ho = (k/De)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =

7.
hi =
OD
ID
hio

44

8. Clean Over.coef UC =

900 (Fig 25)

0.0625
0.0516666667
744

41.18862 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)

9. Design Overall Coefficient

External surface/ft, a'' =
0.1963 (Tabel 10)
A= 364x 8x 0,1963
571.6256 ft2
UD = Q/A. t
UD = 31.68117 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
10. Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd = UC-UD/UC.UD
Rd = 0.007286

PRESSURE DROP P
1'. Untuk Res = 39081
f=
0.00162 ft2/in2
Ds = 23,25/12 =

(Fig. 29)

1. Untuk Ret = 21353.73

f = 0.000225
s= 1

1.94 ft
2. Pt

= f.Gt^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)
Pt =
3.61

Pr

= (4n/s)(V^2/2g')

2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

N+1 = 8
s =gas/water
pv =(w'/MW)x1545Tabs

Untuk Gt =
V^2/2g' =
Pr

gas =w'/v = pxMW/1545Tabs

= (83 x 144)(17,1)/1545/(460+170)
=
s=
3'. Ps

0.2099750347
0.0033596006

= f.Gs^2.Ds.(N+1)/(5,22 x 10^10.De.s)
Ps = 2.09

PT

822463.1
0.09

2.88

= Pt + Pr
=

6.49

m a compressor at 245 oF and is to be

drop of 2 psi is allowable on the gas
in., 16 BWG tubes 80 long laid out
baffles are spaced 12 in. apart.

8 ft
16
0.9375 tri

in2 (from Table 10)

(Fig. 26)

t^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)

/s)(V^2/2g')
(Fig 27)

Heat exchanger
shell side
ID
Baffle space
passes
1. Heat Balance
W
C
T1
T2
Q

Tube side
Number and length
OD, BWG, Pitch
Passes

21,25 in
5 in
1

43800
0.605
390 F
200 F
5034810

2. True temperatur difference

LMTD

w
c
t1
t2
Q

158; 16 ft
1 in; 13 BWG; 1 1/4 in -square pitch
4

149000
0.482724
100
170
5034810

152.1959

R 2.7142857143
FT
T
Hot Fluid: Shell Side
3' Flow area, Ft2
ID
21.25
PT
1.25
OD
1
B
5
C'
0.25
as
0.1475694444

P 0.241379
0.910
138 F

in
in
in
in
in

Cold Fluid: tube side

3. flow area, at
a't
0.515 in2 (from Table 10)
Nt
158
n
4 passes

at

0.1412673611 ft2

4' mass velocity, Gs

Gs
296809.41176 lb/hr/ft2

4. mass velocity, Gt
Gt
1054737.6183 lb/hr/ft2

5'. Res
De

Res =

5. Ret
D
0.0675 ft

8.7 lb/ft/hr
Ret
8183.3091074
L/D = 16/0,0675
237.037
JH =
31 (Fig. 24)

0.082537155 ft
0.97 lb/ft/hr
25255.468475

JH =
6'. Pr number
k
Pr
Pr^(1/3)

93 (Fig. 28)

6. Pr number
k
0.077
c
0.4827238734
Pr
54.541528558
Pr^(1/3)
3.7923560226

0.0765
7.6712418301
1.9722193914

7'
ho = (k/De)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =

8. Clean Over.coef UC =
9. Design Overall Coefficient

170

7.
hi = (k/D)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =
134
OD
0.0833333333
ID
0.0675
hio
108.62824591

66.27764 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)

External surface/ft, a'' =

0.2618 (Tabel 10)
A= 158 x 16 x 0,2618
661.8304 ft2
UD = Q/A. t
UD = 54.95669 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
10. Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd = UC-UD/UC.UD
Rd = 0.003108

PRESSURE DROP P
1'. Untuk Res = 25255
f=
0.00175 ft2/in2
s = 0.73
Ds = 21,25/12 =
1.77 ft

(Fig. 29)

1. Untuk Ret = 8183.309

f = 0.000285 (Fig. 26)
s = 0.83
2. Pt

= f.Gt^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)
Pt =
6.94

Pr

= (4n/s)(V^2/2g')

2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

N+1 = 38.4
3'. Ps

= f.Gs^2.Ds.(N+1)/(5,22 x 10^10.De.s)
Ps = 3.33

Untuk Gt =
V^2/2g' =
Pr
PT

1054738
0.15 (Fig 27)

2.891566

= Pt + Pr
=

9.83

WG; 1 1/4 in -square pitch

5,22 x 10^10.D.s)