Just think about soccer! Twenty two bulls roll ball back and fortht
If you gave to each of them, say... a road roller! So they, twenty two bulls,
twenty two bulls, for one and half hour...for one and half hour and twenty two
bulls... writing two, thinking seven... they would pave the whole pitch with asphalt!
te eee ee A eae ae
it would be...a hundred thousand people rouble... it would be... crazy money indeed!
ee ea Re
Stadium Roof Analysis
Dmitry Maslov
Institute Giprostroymost Saint-Petersburg
Yablochkova 7, Saint-Petersburg, 197198, Russia
STs etl aaa)Structure Overview
The new stadium has been under construction since 2007 according
to 'TheSpaceship' concept by Japanesesarenitect Kisho, Kurokawa
Bi nt-moXonolelome-)-laL ales a eDa ots. MMAR OA lien iarse- Voi ic)
for the 2018 FIFA World Gup
The estimated cost exceeds $1.3 billion making the-structure the 2nd
mest expensive stadium in the-world (after Wembley ir-London)Structure Overview
The 69,000-capacity are’
for the 2018 FIFA World
eA Coar .
MU aR learsle te cao ierca tees re yi Codg pie us structure bells
Dy: =~]
yrs expensive-stadium in the world (after Wembley in-London)
oe apStructure Overview
The new stadium has been under construction since 2007 according
to 'TheSpaceship' concept by Japanesesarenitect Kisho, Kurokawa
Bi nt-moXonolelome-)-laL ales a eDa ots. MMAR OA lien iarse- Voi ic)
for the 2018 FIFA World Gup
The estimated cost exceeds $1.3 billion making the-structure the 2nd
mest expensive stadium in the-world (after Wembley ir-London)CTA eH Roe eS LA oo
until reached the final (?) form
t.Stationary Roof
Outer stiffness rim made of orthotropic plateStationary Roof
Outer stiffness rim made of orthotropic plate
Tia mag ee)an m
Tease,
rim a | q
AiR e ROMS Lam enECel anelel L , ry
i ’Rite) apm ln ii /
ICV Te Reread ¢
Stationary Roof
) ao reau Berrien aslo
% we = ~~
c Cael, y
eal d ela =koa)Pied aml ge Sins)
1. Conflicting reqirements of the capacity of structural elements
arte (Mcolm CACM it aelie) eee daa ae) Cel Nala igPied aml ge Sins)
2. Inclined pylons and vertical cables allow the compression to spead
along the whole structure instead of concentrating near the pylonsFinding Cable Forces
Solving a quadratic programming problem
ted
min) x; with N=#(X,..X,,) S[N]
N> < 3500
IN ESS\ore) 3The Snow 4oad report had distribution maps: a on paper =Sa a :
®
9
ae
ae ‘re,
m, iF
BCom Mae LeCO LUCE gU odot so (stn eal Or &
=)
Nwae ro
cetintersectio” VR om ee
+Sliding Roof
Nee eee CL MMC mE Roe ete lee
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
Nee each MMC mE Reo o( ete R ata le
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
Nee echo Meco NE Roa (oer R aslo y
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
Nee each Meco NE Roa oC e te Rae le
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
Ne Ca Ree Leelee ele) CER aelary(e(-le-ve Ra ste
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
ONS ea Raitt R ee LO A ole RAary(o(-e-e hal e4 (6
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
At preliminary stages the stationary roof was considered rigid,
the moving parts flexible. But the whole model was still needed
to simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
Niele ate} nary roof was considered rigid,
WLnea Fla hood But the whole model was still needed
simulate the interaction of roof parts
ae)Sliding Roof
ae)Sliding Roof
ae)Sliding Roof
10Moving algorithm: [| Te] ing Roof
SPM Ter LN lee ae emai coloMoving algorithm: Sliding Roof
2. Calculate joint coordinates to the sliding roof parts:
M7 cosa -sina Y,—Y,cosa+Z,sin a) (y, eer 2)
zJ\=| sina cosa Z,—Y,sina-—Z,cos ax} z, |x}O 1 0
0) ) to 1 ‘| aoe}Moving algorithm: Sliding Roof
FRM eho Tce Rem UEC LAU ee
i ie 1 fo) °
i \=| i, |x| cos(as) -—sin(as)
4 3 0 sin(as) cos(as)
‘0Moving algorithm: Sl id ing Roof
PMT eee Reem en (eT acoloMoving algorithm: Sl id ing Roof
Pech caCo el aU mi ea
12Moving algorithm: Sliding Roof
6. Run non-linear analysis with compression-only connection members
12Result postprocessing Sy 7 fa| lays Ro of
BCS acc ade Kol ca]
Pooh ec
#_XL_SETCELL(1, 1, "STAGE")
Pye ea omen Teen)
Pe moto toAt esc Oo. Le aero
ced
eer
#ENDIF
#_XL_SETCELL(XLROW, 1, "F" + STAGE)
Pe aE ced (oul)
#VAR MEM = CONN(I, 1)
eS aoe Car tt eect c La
Cecio anasto area)
Ene
3Result postprocessing Sl 7 re| in g R fo) of
CT mea a OM NOM emer CR COLE NARUC Lee
roof in another program
Brant
Doe ae
Bee
oar Nrihe) a)
#FOR I = 1 TO ROWCOUNT (CONN)
PCa eo teas)
#VAR R = -DBX_GET("$MEMS.ENX. FSSTAGES")
#_XL_SETCELL (XLROW, I+1, R)
oe erry
SCONN(I, 2)%, BEAM , CONLOAD, GZ, NO , NO, aDir[1], , , , *CONN(I, 4)%, %-R/2.0%, 0,
SCONN(I, 3)%, BEAM , CONLOAD, GZ, NO , NO, aDir[l}, , , , *CONN(I, 5)%, %-R/2.0%, 0,
Cored
#NEXT
eC CR COC tse
een ee
ose K Cas ae Sc 3}
Pesce Mer eee Rate oo Rohs UC oe)
SRE mrs}
14Result postprocessing Sl id ing Roof
PE MAL Marte eo eC mel Cy eLearn
aon)
pose LOTT ee alee)
#VAR JTS = GETCOL(TRACK(0), 1)
Pe ee rca ter ee)
SER rico tcr oC)
eee
Poe ee eae ne oe too)
ee ae ated)
#SETFORMAT (".3F")
#VAR N = VEC_START(1500, 1500)
Ong) 3.0.0 tse)
Pe tio Me nes rc Ce ep)
pee teers ICP)
A Mee eo re ee)
eet et a ees)
pee a ero Xt a ane La)
Pee see a7 Cen)
Aerts eC) eae a XC) eae)
#VEC_FINISH(N, "DIAGRAMS\_$SNAMES .EPS")
15Result postprocessing Sl 7 re| in g R fo) of
Pre WM Macleans melo Ce Una
DEFORMATIONS Sliding Roof 2
ye
ee
oe 5#MATRIX MEMBERS (0 TO 7)
Dos aes tt)
ee Aiuto oie cio)
#FUNC SLIDING ENVELOPE ()
Perse ois sme tf)
#ENDMATRIX
Doo
eA to
5)
Lee Ao
eos d
eee Cae Sut
Pes aor erode)
Cau
iConstruction Stages
PPT Ueric ne Rcelna gta edConstruction Stages
2. Building temporary piers and rolling path for the inner and
lta
17Construction Stages
2. Building temporary piers and rolling path for the inner and
outer rimsConstruction Stages
CPanel raceme WOM eal Memon mel xed ieee)Construction Stages
CPanel raceme WOM eal Memon mel xed ieee)Construction Stages
CPanel raceme WOM eal Memon mel xed ieee)as
Construction Stages
E-Ten =as
Colter
Assembling roof sectors and pushing to their final position
Installing bearings instead of outer Pein)
cadConstruction Stages
CPanel raceme WOM eal Memon mel xed ieee)Construction Stages
4. Installing bearings instead of outer rolling patha
oy
wv
Construction StagesConstruction StagesConstruction StagesCable Stressing
First idea:
Stressing cable-stays to 100% elongation and dismantling temporary piers
Not applicable due to insufficient foundation capacity
ats)Cable Stressing
EY Teol Te Ce (—r-1
CON et age Me] eRe age MLC) ene (1g)
BUM )coy omer Cae ere oh LRU ROR CR TOMA ER Aa)
ats)Cable Stressing
Ceri CR makina re (eCCable Stressing
Cerium ane e Cn oa
1. No cable force shall exceed 60% of the ultimate valueCable Stressing
Cerium ane e Cn oa
oer) Bolg ces ley Molen Le LOL
. Neither temporary pier nor auxiliary element shall automatically
CoC Teta)Cable Stressing
Cerium ane e Cn oa
oer) Bolg ces ley Molen Le LOL
. Neither temporary pier nor auxiliary element shall automatically
detach
In order to avoid very small cable elongations some piers have
to be forcedly removedCable Stressing
Cerium ane e Cn oa
oer) Bolg ces ley Molen Le LOL
. Neither temporary pier nor auxiliary element shall automatically
detach
In order to avoid very small cable elongations some piers have
to be forcedly removed
. No pylon force shall exceed the service valueCable Stressing
Trial and error method is the only way to find a sequence
19Cable Stressing
The analytical model has about 60 000 joints, 94 000 members and
BIC RRs (ice mice)
Tradional solver runs out of memory
GT SES spends up to 50 minutes to complete nonlinear analysis for a stepCable Stressing
Quadratic programming approach
min f(x) =0.5x'Gx—a'x with x20
NTT in
turbance mich alicia sce lr
etn l ed
is the vector of connection member forces from self weight loads
X is the vector of connection member expansions
When the solution is found:
yee aia tase at Ae Rotate Ke eters)
It needs only two iterations to complete a step
PalCable Stressing
Quadratic programming approach
BUT IT WON’T SPEED UP THE PROCESS.
PalSuperelement Approach
Commands to create superelements lead to out of memory error using
the standard solver and cannot be used with the sparse equation solver
All superelement data have to be collected and specified manually
Sato UDR O NE
"SUP_1' BOUNDARY NODES 'F1' 70 'F32' 'S1' TO 'Si6!
Sterno E BLU use awe
ee
ape UU eed
SUB 1 1 ROW DISPL X ¥ Z COL DISPL x YZ
SUE EP Las a MRE etl ee oee ey
2.17181250000000D+006 4.04054190000000D+005 -9.76102600000000D+002
ESE ee eee eee ECO re
SUB 2 1 ROW DISPL X ¥ Z COL DISPL X YZ
-1 Ee Mera Peseta
ERA TT eRe eons eee eee)
PREEE Ee REE ere RRR Oey
22Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
1. Create the analytical model containing joints and elements to form
the superelement
Deen Cae) 3)
reuse
ree erro)
Coun Tara tod
a)
REPEAT 4 TIMES ID 1 X 1.0
aes o desc
Cote MeRp st ae td
ag
REPEAT 3 TIMES ID 1 FROM 1 TO 1
roo owe)
Pepa tants
Pee aera
Eee staey
23Superelement Approach
Tracie ote lta
2. Declare boundary joints as supported with restrained translations
and free rotations
Rou oon use ty
170 4 aX 0.1 3X 0.1 I¥ 0.1 2Z 0.1
Pon mia ord
Darah ts
DSS ae LI a
Se tareu sco ara y
ot ATCT
2 70 4 MOMENT X ¥ Z
24Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
3. Specify joint displacement loads for the restrained degrees of freedom
of boundary joints
#VAR BJ = (2, 3, 4)
#VAR AXES = ("X", "¥", "Z")
een)
Se eee It EO HoT.)
#FOR J = LOW(AXES) TO HIGH (AXES)
Prete eee a
Reese Sta Cet iy
Phe essa eo Ca ae)
ed
#NEXT
25Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
Ce ae NEE e-Lee Ui ney
Sate Dy
eer EEC aero)
DBX BINARY DIRECT
#DBX_DEFINEGROUP("'BJ' JOINTS", Bd)
Desa MTR ue te eee
ear u ets)
#DBX_CLEAR()
Cua Ce TOS eS a LS)
26Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
5. Reactions in boundary joints form the stiffness matrix
#MATRIX K(N TON) OF 0
oan
Pee ett Toe ect ta)
ee ote SM rset)
cere ee Rents ae ee it en eet
sad
sad
ona
#K = DBX_MATRIX(K)
eySuperelement Approach
Tracie ote lta
6. Declare boundary joints unconstrained
7. Specify self weight loads for all members and elements
ee old a had
DEAD LOAD 'SW' FACTOR 1.0 DIRECTION -¥ MEMBERS 1 70 4
prs)Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
8. Perform stiffness analysis and acquire results again
poe eo
Rees Ee Sees)
eae eae ed
Dio ee Mon uncon eo eee
aru)
#DBX_CLEAR()
#DBX_UPDATE ("STDBX", DBX_JOINT_RES)
29Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
g. Find the boundary joints displacement vector
10. Multiply the stiffness matrix and displacement vector to get
the load vector
#MATRIX U(N TO 1) OF 0
Ce eet MEO Eco:153)
eee ott SR reer)
pekearecs tet ee Ee eo ee
ad
ona
#0 = DBX_MATRIX(U)
#PRINT(U)
ec
1)Superelement Approach
Superelement definition sequence
11. Save the superelement data for the main analytical model
Csr
aes
Pees
vREMEMR | —
ocd
Prentet)
See cree
org
Pre eed
eri a
oe ae)
See e Ce Ecc eee Reon oe eee
Piero Metre ite he Mecet ce atten Meters
Pierce ae ite rrr mt ethr ie matter mare eriens
Cth MRCethe he (cn het mcr ri ascetics
ood
Cd
eo)
Pee
Rey
Pee een e107)
Pree Ree et)
ee ene cr ee ne)
eee st Yi)
Dereon ri
Cd
axexr EY
Pee Tease mL er)Final Actions
All the temporary piers and stationary roof were converted to
superelements. Only pylons, cable-stays, and links remained in the model
It took seconds to simulate a step and no more than 3 hours for the
entire sequence of 118 steps i
iN \
\ N
PEST eRe a aR na ol bal CAL)
118 loads for the analysis of the stationary roof were generated
Final report was made iThank you for attention