Unit III

ENV.ENGG.
ENV ENGG II
ProfSS JAHAGIRDAR
BE(CIVIL),ME(ENV.)PhD(persuing)
g
NKOrchidcollegeofEngg.andTech.,Solapur

A]SLUDGETREATMENT
y Thickening
y Digestion
y Conditioning
y Dewatering
y Drying
y Disposal(Incineration)

1.Thickning
yReducesmoisturecontentofsludge
yThreetypesofthickening
Th t
fthi k i
1. Gravitythickening
2. Airfloatation
3. Centrifugation

Gravity
Thickening

2.Digestion
yAerobic or anaerobic decomposition

of sludge
yCan be sent to mechanical filters or
sand beds

3.Conditioning
y Conditioningimprovesthedrainabilityof

digestedsludge.
y Methodsadopted
1. Elutriation(involvespassageofairto
(
p
g
separateparticles)
2. Chemicalconditioning(additionof
g(
coagulants)
33. Freezingetc.
g

4.Dewatering
y Purpose is to reduce volume of sludge and

increase concentrations of biosolids.

y Dewatering can be achieved on sand drying
b d
beds.

Sludgedryingbeds

5.Heatdrying
yReduceswatercontent
yTemp@350
T
oC
yProcesscarriedoutinkiln.
Processcarriedoutinkiln
yDriedsludgeusedassoil
g

conditioner

Heatdrying
unit

6.Incineration
y Combustionofsludge
y Temp@650oCto750oC

y Residualashissendtolandfills

Incinerator

B]AnaerobicDigestion
yConsistsofdecompositionof

sludgefromsettlingtanks
sludgefromsettlingtanks.
yTwotypesofdigesters
i]Standardrateorconventional
Ii]Highratedigester

Theprocessofdigestion
Theprocesshasnowbeendescribedbythe
g
p
followingfoursteps:
y Hydrolysis: largepolymersarebroken
d
downbyenzymes.
b

Fermentation: Acidogenic
fermentationsaremostimportant,
acetateisthemainendproduct. Volatile
fattyacidsarealsoproducedalongwith
carbondio ideandh drogen
carbondioxideandhydrogen.

yAcetogenesis: Breakdownof

volatileacidstoacetateand
hydrogen.
Methanogenesis: Acetate,
Acetate
formaldehyde,hydrogenand
carbondioxideareconvertedto
methaneandwater.
th
d t

Crosssectionofdigester

Anaerobic
digesters

Anaerobic
A
bi
digester

Stratification in conventional digester

Stratificationinconventionaldigester

T t
f di t
Twotypesofdigesters

Two stage highratedigester

high rate digester
Twostage

Sludgedrying
beds

Sludgedrying
beds

C]DISPOSALOFDIGESTEDSLUDGE
y Spreadingonfarmland
y Dumping(inabandonedquarries)
y Landfilling(Sanitary)
y Sludgelagooning
Sl d l
i
y Composting
p
g
y DisposinginInlandwaterbodiesor

Sea
Sea.

Disposalon
l d
land1

Disposalon
l d
land2

Disposalin
farms

Disposalintothesea

Sludge
L
i
Lagooning

Sludgelagoons

What is sludge digestion? Explain anaerobic digestion.

marks)
Write short note on
1. Anaerobic digestion process.
2. Sludge drying beds

(Nov 2010, 8

(Nov 2009, 6 marks)

(May 2008, 6 marks)

Explain different methods of sludge disposal.

(May 2009, 8
marks)
E l i low
Explain
l rate anaerobic
bi digester
di
with
i h a neat sketch.
k h
(M 2008,
(May
2008 6
marks)
Enumerate the methods of sludge dewatering. Explain any one in detail.
(May 2008, 6
marks)
Describe anaerobic sludge digester with neat sketch. Also explain various stages of
anaerobic digestion of sludge.
(May 2008, 8
marks)
St t objectives
State
bj ti
off sludge
l d ttreatment.
t
t E
Enumerate
t th
the methods
th d off sludge
l d di
disposal.
l
(May 2007,5 marks
)