Shallow Water Hydrodynamics

Some New Aspects

of SecondSecond-Order Wave Loading
X.B. Chen

For the benefit of business and people

0. Summary

SecondSecond-order wave loading

1. Approximation of LowLow-Frequency QTF
2. Accurate computation by new formulations
3. Multi-body interactions
4. Vertical components (including set-down)

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

1. Approximation

Approximation of LowLow-Frequency QTF

Low-frequency loads expressed by

With respect to

Newmans approximation (order 0, 1974)

Pinksters approximation (order fairly 1, 1981)

BVs approximation (order 1, Chen, 1994)

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

NKOSSA FPU


Excitation loads

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

LF Motion: Comparison with Exp. by Marintek

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

2. New formulation

New formulations to evaluate QTF

Formulation on the control surface (Chen, 2004)

-

Middle-field formulation derived from the near-field formulation

Connection to the far-field formulation
Extension to low-frequency wave loads
Extension to vertical components

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

LNG Terminal (LxBxT=350x50x15m)

1490

3616

7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Fdx in oblique waves (195)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
FF 1490
FF 3616
FF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Fdy in oblique waves (195)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
FF 1490
FF 3616
FF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Mdz in oblique waves (195)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
FF 1490
FF 3616
FF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Fx (real / imaginary parts) in oblique waves (195)

(: = 0.04 rad/s)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Fy (real / imaginary parts) in oblique waves (195)

(: = 0.04 rad/s)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Convergence
Convergence

LNG Terminal

Mz (real / imaginary parts) in oblique waves (195)

(: = 0.04 rad/s)

NF 1490
NF 3616
NF 7824
MF 1490
MF 3616
MF 7824

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Multi-body
Multi-body interaction
interaction

Multi-body interaction

Resonant phenomena
- Large wave kinematics
- Large repulsive forces on bodies
- Poor prediction by classical potential methods

Frequencies of resonance
- Piston mode
- Sloshing modes

Existing methods
- Rigid lid (Buchner et al., 2001)
- Flexible mat (Newman, 2004)

New method based on the dissipation term in fairly perfect

fluid (Chen, 2004)

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Dissipation
Dissipation zone
zone

H
F

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Dissipation
Dissipation zone
zone

Linear dissipation

Expression for the velocity potential

Integral equation extended to a part of the free surface

Classical on body hull
Need to remove irr. Freq.
New over the damping zone

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Two barges (2.47x0.6x0.18) / Gap = 0.116m

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Wave animations with / without damping zone

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Wave elevation at the centre of the gap

Piston mode
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Wigley hull (2x0.3x0.125) and Barge (2x0.3x0.125)

(Kashiwagi, 2005)

x
y

Beam waves

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Second-order drift forces Fy

on the Wigley hull

Piston mode

Sloshing mode

on the barge

Piston mode

Sloshing mode

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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4. Vert. component

Vertical components of secondsecond-order wave loading

1. Near-field formulation -> Middle-field formulation

Additional terms associated with variation of hydrostatic loads

Convergent by middle-field formulation

2. Set-down terms

Additional term

Classic Stokess term

3. Application -> FPSO roll of large period

Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Shallow Water Hydrodynamics CeSOS/MARINTEK/NTNU

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Roll motions

FPSOBR
(Fereira, 2005)

Wave spectrum

Roll motion
spectrum