Best Practice

TITLE: Best Practice - Notes Service Tools & Test Tools

HALLIBURTON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DOCUMENT NUMBER:
BP-USA-HES-ST/DHT-000

BUSINESS UNIT:
HES
OWNER:
USA T&T FSQC Team

REGION:
United States

FUNCTION:
Tools & Testing

APPROVED BY:
Joe Foster

JOB REVISION BY:

USA T&T FSQC Team

Hard Copy is Uncontrolled

REV. DATE:
29-Aug-01

REV. NO:
A

SECTION:
Appendix B

Best Practices - Notes

Service Tools & Test Tools

Table of Contents
BEFORE LEAVING THE SHOP ...................................... .......................................................................3
A FTER A RRIVING ON LOCATION ....................................................................................................................4
RECOMMENDED RUNNING PROCEDURES - SERVICE TOOLS..................................................................5
RECOMMENDED RUNNING PROCEDURES - DRILL STEM TESTING ...............................................................10
PROCEDURES FOR DRILL STEM TESTING..........................................................................................................12
LOCATION PROCEDURES .......................................... ...........................................................................13
ON BOTTOM PROCEDURES WITH TOOLS...........................................................................................................15
PROCEDURES FOR A LINER TOOL TACK AND SQUEEZE JOB .....................................................................17
PIPE TALLY INFORMATION............................................................................................................................18
FLARING GAS ON A DST .......................................... .......................................................................19
PROCEDURES FOR KILLING A WELL ....................................................................................................20
NON-RECOMMENDED PRACTICES................................................................................................21

Table of Contents Dos and Donts

A NCHOR PIPE SAFETY JOINT .................................................................................................................22
BACK PRESSURE VALVE ....................................................... 22
BALL VALVE TUBING TESTER...........................................................22
BPS W/L SET -N TUBING RETRIEVE BRIDGE PLUG...............................................................................23
BT GAUGE ................................................................. .......................................................... ................................23
BV BRIDGE PLUG ...............................................................................................................................................24
BV TENSION PACKER.............................................................................................................................................25
CCDT PUMP............................................................. .........................................................................................25
CONTROL HEAD ....................................................... .........................................................................................26
DUAL CIP VALVE AND SAMPLER.................................................................................................................27
EZ DRILLS AND SETTING TOOLS...........................................................................................................................28
F. O. CEMENTER OPENING / CLOSING TOOLS........................................................................................................29
FAS DRILL SQUEEZE PACKER/BP, CS SQUEEZE PACKER, & ES BRIDGE PLUG ........................... ......30
FLUID CONTROL VALVE ........................................................................................................................................31
HYDROSPRING.........................................................................................................................................................32
IPC PACKER ............................................................. .............................................................................................33
JARS..................................................................................................................................................................34
M ODEL MH-1 PACKER................................ ................................................................................ .....................34
M ODEL R PACKER......................................................................................................................................34
M ODEL NR PACKER............................................................................................. ...............................................35
PERMA LATCH PACKER.........................................................................................................................................35
M ODEL PPI PACKER........................................................................................... .................................................36
RETRIEVABLE BRIDGE PLUGS .................................................................................................................................37
M ODEL R-4 PACKER............................................................................................................................................38
RETRIEVABLE FRAC LINER................................................................. ..................................................................39
REVERSING SUB....................................................................................................................................................39
ROTATIONAL BACK PRESSURE VALVE ...................................................... ..........................................................39
RTTS PACKER..................................................................................... ..................................................... ........40
SELECTIVE INJECTION PACKER (SIP)...................................................................................... .............................41
SURFACE EQUIPMENT ................................................................. ..........................................................................41
SV EZ DRILLS AND SETTING TOOLS........................................................................................ ............................43
VR SAFETY JOINT .......................................................................... .................................................. ....................44
WRP BRIDGE PLUG........................................................................................................................... ...................45

Before Leaving the Shop

Obtain all the available information about the job before leaving the shop; discuss details
with Service Coordinator or FSQC. Always communicate with a coordinator and/or the
customer if you are in doubt about anything.
Always be on time, or earlynever be late.

1. Be certain that you have the correct size tool for the casing and weight.
2. Be sure that the tool is correctly dressed for the hole conditions.
3. Take spare repair parts if necessary. (O-rings, connections, etc.)
4. Visually inspect and caliper the ID/OD and measure the length of all tools and
crossovers. Record all measurements.
5. Make sure you have the right connections. If you are unsure, screw the connection
into a known crossover or ask someone.
6. Verify that your squeeze manifold and gauges are in good, operable condition.
7. Check the top and bottom connections on the bypass and the top of the packer. Insure
the RTTS circulating valve is compatible to the packer and workstring.
8. Unjay the mechanical slips and check the travel of the slips. The split ring collar
should bump the mechanical slip body without jamming.
9. Stroke the RTTS circulating valve mandrel. It should operate easily in the vise.
10. Check the required setting force for the durometer packer elements on the tool and
insure you will have sufficient string weight to set the tool. Refer to Weight-toPacker Charts when using small tubing in large casing and anticipate moving up the
hole.

After Arriving on Location

1. Thank the customer for the job and discuss the procedures with him.
GET A WORK ORDER SIGNED!!!!!!!!
2. Calculate the job with the company representative and other interested parties on
location. Be sure that everyone is in agreement with the job calculations and
procedures.
3. Inform the customer of any foreseeable hazards in doing the job as planned.
4. Make polite suggestions about the procedure.
5. Learn as much as you can about the work done on the well prior to your job.
6. Count the total number of joints of tubulars on location. *Always include any tubulars
used in flow lines and/or other lines.
7. If you are required to run up the tally, check it close for mistakes and have a least two
people add it up.
8. Check your tools and connections with the drill pipe and the casing.
9. Review the risk analysis if available or complete one if one.
10. Be ready to start the tool as soon as the customer is ready.
11. Calculate differential pressures so that you will have a good estimate of the pressures
required to displace and reverse cement or other fluids. Also, complete hydraulic
calculations.
A pre-job safety/procedure meeting must be conducted, involving the rig crews,
pumping service personnel, and the customers' representative, prior to
beginning the pumping operation. The Job Site HSE Meeting Report &
Emergency Response Plan should be completed in full. If there is no JSA for
the procedure, one should be completed.

Recommended Running Procedures

SERVICE TOOLS
1.

2.

3.

4.

Tighten all of the breaks on the tools.

A.

The blind rams should be closed when making up and breaking out tools.
If customer will not allow you to close the blind rams, then try and make
up the tools in the mousehole. When this is not possible, tools may be
placed in the rotary and held in place with the air hoist or collar clamps
while being tightened.

B.

Tools with moveable mandrels should be shortened; i.e., circulating valves

closed, jars closed, etc.

C.

Use an air hoist line or cat line to snub the tool assembly to prevent
bending. Do not use hydraulic arms as they support too high and do not
prevent bending.

Avoid using rig tongs on fine threads.

A.

Tool assembly connections are straight threads, O-ring sealed, and do not
require more than 1200 foot pounds of torque. Divide the torque value by
the length of the tong or wrench handle to calculate the gauge reading.

B.

Torque the workstring connections to customer specifications.

C.

Check all overshots and tool tops for cracks after they are made up.

Insure that the mechanical slips, circulating valves, etc. are working properly.
A.

Un-jay the mechanical slips and check travel. The split ring collar should
bump the mechanical slip body without jamming.

B.

Pack the mechanical slip area and J-slot with stick grease (if warranted).

Always run a seating nipple .

5. Always run up the tally yourself and know how many joints need to be run to get
tools and/or guns on depth.
6.Discuss the tool operation with the driller.

7. Stay on the rig floor if conditions warrant (especially in and out of liner tops). Know
the tight spots.
8. Rules of thumb for torque required to set and unset retrievable tools:

1/4 to 1/2 round every 1000 feet

7. Be very careful when rotating tubing to the left. If tools will not release, tighten the
tubing by rotating to the right and try again.
8. Run a tubing sub between packers and RBPs (4 to 8 5/8), to allow for back off if
both tools become set. Never run tubing between tools 9 5/8 and larger. Use blank
testing anchor or drill pipe.
9. Always make a dummy run through wellhead with a drillable setting tool.
10. Always pump through a cement retainer before setting.
11. Verify casing size with unit operator and compare with tools that were pulled from
the well before you arrived (i.e., tubing anchor, injection packer, etc.). Do this as soon
as you arrive on location.
12. Know the grade and condition of your weakest tubular and the maximum you can pull
on it. Compare calculated string weight and amount needed to shear setting sleeves or
pull off RBP before starting in the hole.
13. Caliper all tools and crossovers, inside and out (and document), before they go in the
hole.
14. Always open the sliding valve when converting an SV to a bridge plug.
15. Always take additional crossovers for tools and be prepared for changes in the
planned operation.
16. Always spot sand on top of RBPs before performing a squeeze job or when
debris may fall on top of the plug while it is in use.
17. Check with customer and recommend that a bit and casing scrapper be run before any
tools are run in a well that has been completed.
18. When possible set RBPs so tubing will be close to the floor when it is time to
retrieve the tool.
19. Never set a bridge plug in casing without cement behind it unless the customer is well
aware of what can happen (collapse casing around RBP).

20.

If possible, fill the hole before starting the tool.

20.

Always use a workstring wiper rubber when going in and coming out
of the hole.

21.

Wiper rubber should be installed on the first joint above the tool.

22.

Rig up as much as possible while the tool is being run.

23.

Avoid hammering on unions when the gauges are on manifold.

24.

Establish drag on the drill pipe by working the tool sufficiently before setting
the packer.

25.

In deviated holes, check with the driller to learn how much torque is required to
get a turn on the bottom.

26.

Show respect for the torque on the drill pipe or tubing. Caution roughnecks about
the possibility of a backlash.

Assume the pull position when using a Stillson Wrench or chain tongs to
rotate the pipe.
Caution: The following safety precautions should be followed when using
rig tongs and/or the block to hold torque while setting downhole tools:
1.

2.
3.

4.

If possible, remove the chicksan hose and/or any other discharge

hose. When the discharge line cannot be removed, secure the
loose end of the line to the workstring.
The block should be locked to prevent a backlash of the torque.
Rotate the pipe to the right using the rotary table and hold the
torque with BJ tongs. Pull the rotary slips and slack off until the
tool begins to take weight.
Reset the rotary slips and torque to the right to relieve the strain
on the BJ tongs. Remove the tongs and relieve the torque slowly
using the rotary.

The above method should be used to relieve torque, when torque is being
held by the block.

Caution: Attempting to hold excessive torque with the blocks may cause
the blocks to twist the drilling line.

28.

Know how to read the weight indicator.

A.

29.

30.

Understand how the effects of hydraulics on the workstring can also effect
the weight indicator reading.

Before mixing cement be certain that the tool is working properly.

A.

Pump through all the lines and manifold valves.

B.

Test the lines up to the anticipated pressure.

Avoid letting cement U tube.

A.

Close the tool early if conditions warrant.

B.

Do not let the cement run away from the pump. Keep the Hydril closed.
Take returns through the casing line and pinch down the squeeze manifold
blender valve to keep pressure on the workstring gauge.

31.

Keep track of the volumes pumped.

32.

Be aware of the cement pumping time, and keep track of it.

33.

Keep a constant watch on the pressure gauges and let the customer know if there
is a problem.

34.

Never knowingly reverse through the circulating valve, as this will not allow total
clean up of the packer. (This is not a problem with the champ packer). To
circulate around the packer, holds left hand torque, pick- up and pull the tool
loose. When conditions allow, this will lock the circulating valve closed.

35.

Work the tool while reversing and pull up to a joint to make a break rather than
risk the tool being in green cement while you disconnect.

36.

Before clearing the floor of Halliburton equipment, get the crew to pull a few
stands, if it can be done safely.

37.

When reversing, observe the returns so that you will have an accurate account of
cement reversed.

38.

When starting out of the hole, watch for swabbing and drainage of the tool.

39.

Always have a valve on the tubing when releasing tools.

40.

If you are doing a stage job, protect the tool and the well by over-displacing both
sides and/or by reversing out.

41.

If the tool is to be pulled up the hole between stages, pull it with the Hydril
closed. Observe the tool for back flow or swabbing if you are unable to pull the
tool through the Hydril. Again, either reverse or displace around both sides of the
tool.

42.

Leave pressure on the casing and the workstring between stages.

43.

Do not pump cement into or through the annulus.

44.

When you believe that cement has become too viscous to reverse, do not attempt
to break circulation through the drill pipe or tubing. Real trouble begins when you
get cement in the annulus around and above retrievable tools. It is recommended
to pull a wet string if conditions warrant.

45.

Always spot fresh water around the tool when well fluid can be considered an
accelerator of cement, i.e., calcium chloride, bromide, some salt water systems,
etc. This will put fresh water between the cement and the well fluid if you have to
reverse the cement out. Avoid getting fresh water around the packer if mud based
fluids are in the well, as solids from this system could settle out into the fresh
water on top of the tool, and stick the tool.

46.

Be aware that muds with calcium and zinc bromide will cause packer rubbers to
harden and become like glass. Temperature and time are the primary factors. The
hardening accelerates rapidly above 300 degrees. The packer will hold if the
elements harden after the packer is set, but they will not stand any differential
changes and can not be reset.

47.

Never rack the tools back in the derrick in the middle of a stand.

48.

Never use a TIW valve under the control head.

49.

Use molded surface equipment whenever possible.

50.

It is recommended to circulate a minimum of one pipe capacity through the tools

before setting.

51. The squeeze manifold should be rigged up in a location so the tool man can read the
weight indicator and communicate with the driller. This is usually on the rig floor on
drilling rigs.

DRILL STEM TESTING

1.

Ask driller about backlash on drill pipe when connections were made to determine
if the hole is crooked.

2.

Before opening tools, work tools up and down the hole, recording drag coming up
and going down. Always use the slack-off weigh indicator reading to set weight
on packer.

3.

Check geolograph to make sure that the trip into the hole was routine.

4.

Confirm if customer wants to be present when tools are opened and closed.

5.

Leave 750-1000 psi cushion on the gauges. If there is any doubt, use a gauge with
a higher pressure rating.

6.

On rotational tools, use rotary torque gauge when available to insure drill pipe is
not over-torqued while operating the CIP valve. Otherwise, put several rounds in
the drill pipe, release it, and count the rounds of backlash. Never rotate the entire
number of rounds to operate the CIP valve unless you are positive that the hole is
straight enough to do so.

7.

If the hole is very deviated, discuss with the customer the possible problems
associated with operating the CIP valve, i.e., torque stored in drill pipe on
rotational tools or pulling the bypass open on reciprocating tools.

8.

Always tally everything below or between the packers and record on tape, or strap
after tools are made up. Always use a safety clamp on drill collars.

9.

Recommend running an anchor pipe safety joint when more than 250' of anchor is
used.

10.

Test drill pipe for leaks while going in the hole. Know the difference between a
leak and air expansion due to warming effect.

11.

Keep hands and fingers away from pinch points and caution other of the hazard.

12.

Monitor the annulus during the entire test.

10

13. The following information is needed to perform a complete analysis and should be
provided on the DST Report:
A.

Well type - Oil, gas, water, etc.

B.

Net pay - This is the estimated amount of productive formation and

not the test interval.

C.

Porosity and water saturation- This is available from a wireline

log. If a log is not available ask the customer for his estimate.

D.

Oil and gas gravity - The gas gravity is very important for gas well
calculations. The customer will generally have an idea what the
gravity should be. If information is available on nitrogen, H2 S,
CO2, or any other gas, be sure to record it on the Data Sheet.

E.

Formation type - Sandstone, carbonate, etc.

F.

Gas/oil ratio, saturation water, and saturation oil - These numbers

are estimated from the sampler recovery. It is very important that
the sampler recovery information is correct. If the oil is foamy or
the oil and water is in an emulsion, let it sit for a while and
separate so the best information may be obtained.

G.

If the charts show the well may have depleted, ask if the formation
has taken any fluid. Supercharge and depletion are easier to
differentiate when this information is included.

Flow rate calculation - Accurate recovery information helps determine

an accurate flow rate. The pressure change method is used for nonflowing liquid wells. To determine the rate, accurate fluid weights and
drill pipe I.D.'s are required. With gas wells, it is important to obtain a
stabilized flow rate. Recommend minimum 15 psi surface pressure.
Report the choke size and the pressure also. If the chokes or pressure is
constantly changing, the flow rate will be difficult to determine.
The formation water chloride concentration is required for gas well
analysis.

11

Procedures for Drill Stem Testing Operations

Personnel safety and well control are critical during and following a drill stem test.
Operating personnel should use extra caution when coming out of the hole after testing;
this is when there is the greatest danger of fire and/or a blowout because oil and gas may
have been recovered during the test. Always make sure hole is filled and check for
swabbing.
The following rules should be observed during drill stem testing:

Drill pipe should only be used after reviewing the DST using Drill Pipe Standard
(ST-GL-HES-DHT-408). This should be discussed with the customer while
setting up the job and before arriving on location.

The mud system and/or fluid should be checked prior to running in the hole.

Test and check the BOP stack to verify that the correct size is in place.

Recommend reversing out all tests regardless of the surface recovery.

IMMEDIATELY ABORT ALL TESTS IF:

1.

H2S is detected and the surface equipment is not rated for sour service.

2.

The workstring or downhole tools show signs of failure.

3.

There is a surface equipment failure that cannot be bypassed and/or

repaired within a reasonable time period.

GUIDELINES
1

Provide two methods of reversing out.

When surface pressures of less than 8000 psi is expected, Halliburton Energy
Services recommends that an HES test head be used. If the surface pressure is
expected to be more than 8000 psi, a 15K Big Block test head or a customer
supplied well head needs to be used.

Recommend using a Super Safety Valve on all gas wells if the Customer does
not want to tree up on an extensive (long duration) flow test.

12

Location Procedures
1. Check with the company representative:
A.

Obtain and review the finalized job procedure with the company man.

B.

Secure a good pipe tally and a multi-shot survey.

C.

Verify the maximum job pressures for both the workstring and the
annulus.

D.

Check to see if the pipe needs to be rabbited.

E.

Make sure there is no conflict between the test tools and other pressure
operated tools.

F.

Review the risk analysis with the company representative.

2. Check tools to insure that all necessary equipment is on location (i.e. slips and
handling equipment for tools).
3. Measure lengths, I.D.s, and O.D.s of all tools and crossovers and record.

Note: 8-round connections are not recommended for testing.

4. Use caution when filling workstring with water hose. Make sure there are no loose
connections or nozzle on water hose that may fall into workstring.
5. Program electronic gauges and load all mechanical gauges needed for the job.
6. Go to the rig floor and familiarize yourself with the choke manifold, the driller, and
his crew.
7. Always have your tools ready to be picked up before the rig is ready for you.
8. Have a detailed safety meeting with all the personnel that will be involved in the
operations before picking up any tools or guns.
9. After the Safety Meeting, stay off of the rig floor until all of the Competitors guns are
below the rotary table.
10. Always check the slips on the packer for ease of operation, and insure that the retainer
bolts are tight as you are making up the tools.

13

11.

Always check the position of all ball valves in the tools.

12.

Always use a collar clamp on all tools.

13.

Always use a wiper rubber to prevent anything from falling into the annulus.

14.

Keep the workstring covered.

15.

Instruct the Driller as to the proper running speed after the tools are started in the
hole (i.e., normal speed is 90 ft/minute), and then discuss the problems associated
with using excess pipe dope.

16.

After tools are well on their way, review the procedure with the Company
Representative and the other Service Personnel involved. Check on:
A. What size choke is needed to start the test.
B. Who will be in charge of the well test equipment.
C. How data will be recorded.
D. How recovery will be stored, labeled and number of samples to be caught.
E. Maximum allowable surface pressure before shutting well in.

14

On Bottom Procedures with Tools

1.

Record the workstring pick-up and slack off weights.

2.

Space out to put the guns on depth and try to get the Control Head close to the
floor.

3.

Rig-up wireline to correlate depth of the guns.

4.

Discuss the setting procedure with the Driller. Insure that the block is locked, and
be aware of deviation and/or dog legs.
Caution: When pulling slips, torque may still be trapped in the
workstring.

5. Rig up all the surface equipment along with the surface well test. Chicksan lines
should be secured appropriately, i.e., chained to test head.
6. Place remote control valve controls near an accessible exit.
7.

Conduct a job procedure meeting with everyone involved in the job:

A.

Instruct everyone in the operation of the Remote Control head and any
emergency shut down systems.

B.

Confirm enough fluid is available for the job.

C.

Be sure everyone knows where to put returned fluids / gases.

D.

Review the planned procedure with all personnel.

8.

Pump through all surface lines to confirm that they are correctly lined up.

9.

Pressures test all equipment up to the heater manifold.

10.

Have the Driller pump across the stack before closing the Hydril or the rams to
insure that the system is correctly lined up.

11.

When testing the work string, have the circulation valve open to prevent pressure
being applied below the tubing tester.

12.

When testing the packer, go to the full operating pressure of the down-hole tools.

13.

Pressure up on the backside to operate down-hole tools (i.e., LPR-N Select, Omni,
etc). Record the volume of fluid used to pressure up on the backside.

15

14.

Insure that everyone is ready to proceed. Unnecessary personnel should be

removed from the area where the surface equipment is located.

15.

Fire the guns.

16.

Open the well to the testers.

17.

Monitor the casing and workstring pressures during the test. Operate within a200
psi window during cased hole tests. (ie. If 1500 psi is required to keep tester valve
open then keep pressure between 1400 and 1600 psi.)

18.

Always be aware of what is occurring.

19.

If the well is shut- in, the down-hole casing pressure will be bled off and
monitored.

20.

Confirm the down- hole shut in before shutting- in at the sur face (200 - 300 psi
draw-down on the workstring).

21.

Annulus operation of tools during a shut- in is not allowed, as it is possible that

such operations could interfere with the shut-in pressures.

16

Procedures for a Liner Tool Tack and Squeeze Job

1.

Make up oil jars, packer, and bumper jars below a double (two joints of
workstring), and stand assembly back in derrick. After liner is run, pick-up packer
assembly and attach to liner assembly in rotary. There should be one (1) joint of
workstring minimum between packer assembly and liner hanger.
Caution: Be Sure To Meter (Open) Oil Jars Before Pulling Slips.

2.

Check, rabbit, caliper, and record the I.D.s, O.D.s and lengths of the liner tool,
crossovers, and plugs.

3.

Check and confirm if any liner hanging equipment operates in the same rotational
direction as the liner tool. If this will occur, record all information and advise the
customer.

4.

Check the calculated cement volumes and confirm them with the customer.

5.

Reverse out immediately after a liner job -- do not circulate the long way !

Note: Never jar a stuck liner without contacting a Coordinator.

6.

Be extremely cautious of left-hand backlash of the drill pipe when rotating off the
liner. Do not slack off if backlash occurs while picking up! Apply right- hand
torque and continue picking up, holding the torque, and working the lug back onto
the short side of the jay-slot.

Note: A Service Supervisor must be on the rig floor when rotating a liner.

17

Pipe Tally Information

1.

While out of the hole, count every joint of tubing on location and write it
down! This is the only way you can resolve a dispute of how many joints are
in the hole without pulling pipe. Account for all not in service tubulars such
as the mud anchor, flow line, damaged joints, or joints removed from location.
Know whether they are on the tally or not.

2.

Never take anyones word for how many joints need to be run to get your tools on
depth. Calculate it yourself and compare it to the customers calculations!

3.

Be sure to include tool lengths, crossovers, KB, and any other factors that may
have an effect on the tally. It is always a good idea, if possible, to strap the bottom
hole assembly after it is made up on jobs where lengths are critical (i.e. TCP or
Open Hole DST jobs). Witness the measurement of any joints added to the tool
string.

4.

It is a good practice to calculate an average joint length and to check the count
periodically to know where the tool string is located in the well.

5.

Before setting drillable/permanent tools, such as an EZ DRILL, double check

your figures and go over them with the customer to make sure this is where the
tool needs to set. Also make sure you have enough pipe above the slips for the
required slack-off weight.

6.

Be aware of the following points when working with a pipe tally:

Always know whether the string was tallied coming out of the hole or going in
the hole. If measurements are subtracted from the wrong end (i.e. top of pipe
string instead of bottom), the tally may not be accurate.
On windy days, or when the tubing is strapped lying down, the tubing strap will
show the tubing to be longer than it actually is. Keep this in mind when working
deep!
When tallying tubing going in the hole, count the number of joints being tallied
and make sure it is written on the tally.
Look for obvious mistakes on the tally and ask questions. Always double check
columns that are added up when you get the tally. These columns are usually ten
joints and should equal the joint average times ten (i.e. 31.5 X 10=315 ft.).
Make sure to account for joints placed in the bottom hole assembly. Most tool
pushers try to add these joints to the tubing above the tool string.

Caution: We can not be liable for errors in the tally. Always go over the setting
depths with the customer and get his approval before setting tools, especially on
drillable or permanent tools.

18

Flaring Gas on a DST

1.

Turn off all ignition sources.

2.

Never smell gas to determine if it will burn.

3.

Never attempt to light the bubble hose.

4.

Stake down all flow lines to the pit.

5.

Have an open flame or flare igniter at the end of the flow line.

6.

Never flare gas close to pits with oil, or around grass or brush.

7.

Keep a constant check on the wind direction and keep the customer informed
about possible problems with gas to surface.

8.

It is generally a matter of time before fluid comes to surface. If a separator is not

used, be extremely careful. More than one tester has set the pits on fire. Stay by
the manifold and be prepared to shut it in at any time.

19

Procedures for Killing a Well

Things to look for before killing the well:
1.

Insure the manifold is lined up correctly.

2.

Check the fluid volume.

3.

Confirm kill- fluid weight.

4.

Check the fluid loss and the type of lost circulation pill available.

Killing the well:

1. Cycle the Omni to the circulate position and reverse out the tubing to the well testers.
2. After good fluid has reached the well testers, the flow needs to be diverted to the rigs
degassification system.
3. Maintain constant pressure on the annulus while reversing out to prevent the Omni
from cycling closed.
4. After the well is stable, cycle the Omni to the well test position and monitor the well
for loss or gain. If the formation pressure is known to be less than the annulus
hydrostatic, the bypass can be opened to check for loss before cycling.

Coming out of the hole:

1.

Pull the packer free and monitor the well for 30 minutes.

2.

Start off bottom slowly to avoid swabbing.

3.

When the tools reach the surface, make all the service breaks.

4.

Use caution as pressure may be trapped between the tools.

5.

Place protectors on all tools.

6.

Check the floor for crossovers, hand tools, etc.

7.

Oversee the loading of tools and equipment into baskets and into the boat.

20

Non-Recommended Practices
Before performing any of the below-mentioned practices, make sure the customer
understands the risk involved and is willing to accept complete responsibility for all
irregular job costs. Note in writing on the work order/JSA with customers signature
when appropriate to do so. We can not be forced to accept responsibility for the cost
because the customer did not understand the consequences.
1.

Failure to reverse out after a squeeze job.

2.

Circulation / suicide jobs where tools are set between perfs.

3.

Spotting / circulating cement in the annulus above setting tool after drillable tool
is set.

4.

Pumping down tubing to get cement moving, then reversing out.

5.

Attempting to reverse out a little at a time after dumping and running on a

squeeze job.

6.

Cementing with tailpipe on a retrievable packer.

7.

Washing sand / block off of an RBP with a packer in the hole.

8.

Setting a Retrievable Bridge Plug in casing not supported with cement.

9.

Forcing tools through tight spots where a bit and scrapper were not run.

10.

Running block or a frac job through a PPI Packer.

11.

Running a Fluid Control Valve (RFC Valve) without pickling or circulating clean
fluid in the tubing.

21

Dos and Donts

ANCHOR PIPE SAFETY JOINT
1.

Make sure tool is backed up into the correct running position and that it has
not rotated accidentally.

2.

Do not release from this tool until customer understands fully what is
happening.

3.

Always collapse the tool before making it up.

BACK PRESSURE VALVE

1.

Check flapper valve and face seat and be sure they are smooth enough to seal.

2.

This is a double auto-J tool with locks cut in each J-slot. Use extreme caution
when using wrenches to open and close this tool, especially at surface.

3.

This tool should be run far enough above other tools that it does not take weight
when packer is set, but is far enough downhole to have enough tubing weight to
open it when it is time to flow back.

4.

The flapper pin may shear if it is opened with more than 500 psi differential
across it. Load and pressure the tubing before opening the tool for flow back.

BALL VALVE TUBING TESTER

1.

Have torque to the valve before operating it.

2.

Always check the spring and ball for wear while repairing tool.

3.

Tool will fill while going into the hole if the tool is accidentally closed.

4.

Run the Circulating Valve above the Tubing Tester on low fluid level wells.

22

BPS WIRELINE-SET TUBING RETRIEVABLE BRIDGE

PLUG
1.

Always use a slow-burning charge to set this tool, especially in heavy fluids.

2.

Know the shear rating on the setting pins.

3.

Know how hydraulics affect lower pins and what effect they will have when you
release the tool.

4.

When frac balls are used, circulate them completely out of the hole before
opening the bypass on the bridge plug.

5.

Pay close attention to the inner mandrel. If the mandrel becomes rough and pitted,
the ratchet system will not hold properly.

6.

A hydraulic releasing tool is available for pulling this tool with coiled tubing. A
ball is dropped and pressure pulls the tool loose.

BT GAUGE
1.

Always use a clean, smooth chart loader. Never use one that will scratch the
charts surface.

2.

Keep fingerprints off the chart as best you can.

3.

Write the BT number on each respective chart.

4.

The baseline on the chart is very important. Make sure you draw it once and draw
it correctly. You may forget to do some things on a test but never forget to draw
the baseline and kick in the stylus. The baseline should be drawn in the vertical
position.

5.

Submit each chart produced on a job. Never throw one away or tear it up.

6.

Dont bend the chart.

7.

Always disengage the stylus and leave it in that position after the test is complete.
Failure to do so will dull the stylus.

8.

Check the stylus and make sure it is the correct one for the charts that will be
used.

9.

Make sure all the screws are tight.

23

10.

Make a mark on the drum and watch it long enough to make sure the clock is
working.

11.

Never over-wind the clocks.

12.

Lubricate the chart stem and clean when necessary.

13.

Check and lubricate all O-rings before going in the hole. Take extra O-rings with
you.

14.

Check the diaphragm to insure it is in proper working order. Lubricate if needed.

BV BRIDGE PLUG
1.

Check casing string weight range and compare it to the range recommendation
marked on the bridge plug cups.

2.

Make sure the proper backup ring is used.

3.

Insure that the RBP has not been dressed upside down.

4.

Before leaving the shop, make sure the interference ring has enough drag to pull
the release valve up to the bypass seal without pulling off of the RBP.

5.

The bottom cup may not hold pressure after have been run in casing that is rough
or pitted.

6.

Make sure that the overshot is correct for the tool. The Model I requires a twopiece overshot, while the Model II utilizes a three-piece overshot.

7.

Insure the drag blocks are the correct part number.

8.

Make sure that all screws are tight before running the RBP into the hole.

9.

Check the spring tension of the drag springs and slip springs.

10.

Always circulate the hole clean before latching onto the RBP when the
hydrostatic is higher than the bottom hole pressure.

11.

When unseating the plug, make sure the tool will "TRANSFER" before applying
left hand torque. The tool will not release unless it will transfer.

12.

Never run this tool into open hole.

13.

Never bull plug this tool.

24

14.

When unseating this tool, always pull weight over string weight before attempting
to release the tool. This will insure that the overshot Jd onto the RBP and that
it does not have a FRICTION BITE" hold only.

15.

When running the BV RBP in conjunction with an RTTS, always lower tubing
slowly and evenly long enough to allow the lug on the RTTS to move to the
running position. Rotate to the right to set the RBP. After the tool takes weight
hold right hand torque and raise tubing. (NEVER PULL TO MAXIMUM
WEIGHT WITH RIGHT HAND TORQUE!) If the overshot will not release
from the tool, relieve all right hand torque and apply left hand torque. Raise
tubing higher, hold left hand torque, and lower tubing until plug releases. Work
the tool up and down or pump enough fluid down the tubing to clear debris from
interference ring, then repeat the setting procedure.

16.

Never attempt to set this tool coming up, as it may swab off and go to bottom.

17.

When retrieving a plug that is set shallow (LESS THAN 1000'), the interference
ring on the overshot may be removed if the plug is not going to be reset
elsewhere.

18.

Make sure that all sets crews are tight before running the BV RBP into the hole.

BV TENSION PACKER
1.

This tool does not have a safety release like most tension packers.

2.

Set this tool by turning the elevators by hand when shallow to reduce the chance
of injury.

3.

Use extra caution when setting this tool in casing without cement behind it. You
may pull the casing up through the well head or may cause the casing to part.

CCDT PUMP
1.

Limit debris chamber to 650 feet or less.

2.

Bottom jet sub is optional.

3.

Run extra debris chamber when possible.

4.

When working tool, stroke it a few times, pick up and wait 5-10 seconds for
debris to settle in the chamber.

5.

Be careful not to get too rough when working tool. It is easy to corkscrew the
debris chamber.

25

6.

Mark the tag depth on the tubing and keep the marks current.

7.

If you lose hole while working tool, pull up above everything and wait 2-3
minutes for all debris to settle.

8.

When draining debris chamber, wear extra safety equipment such as goggles and
ear plugs if needed.

9.

Set tool down on a bar to drain lower trap valve.

10.

If the debris is not allowed time to settle in the chamber, it can be circulated out
the drain sub and may cause the tools to become stuck. Always take extra care not
to become stuck when running this tool.

11.

The high temperature seals may fail if the temperature is too close to the
manufacturers rating (within 20%).

CONTROL HEAD
1.

Always use a Control Head with a valve. Make sure valve is in proper working
condition.

2.

Always allow for some method to drop the reversing bar without having to vent
gas to the air.

3.

Check the length between the blocks and the elevators and make sure there is
room for the Control Head assembly before going in the hole.

26

DUAL CIP VALVE AND SAMPLER

1.

Limit weight on this tool to 30,000 pounds when rotating. Failure to do so may
damage the bearings and cause them to lock up.

2.

Be careful not to over-torque fine threads on this tool when it is being made up.

3.

When breaking down tools, watch for gas trapped between the Sampler and the
Hydrospring.

4.

When operating this tool, turn the drill pipe 2-3 rounds and check for torque
build-up caused by a crooked hole or the tool not turning.

5.

Change all O-rings after each run, regardless of how they look.

6.

Keep a careful count of the rotations and record them. Know what position the
tool is in at all times.

7.

Drain the Sampler after each test. Check to be sure it is drained before running it
in the hole for the next test.

8.

When unusual pressure readings are encountered after draining a sampler,

personally witness the tear down of the tool and pay close attention to the
condition of the O-rings. Take a close look at the surfaces the O-rings seal
against.

9.

Reverse out through the Sampler only as a last resort. The drilling fluids will
generally ruin the inner mandrel.

10.

Always check the timing nut and make sure it is in the correct position.

11.

When making this tool up, do not set weight on it. This can cause the jaws to
disengage and the tool will turn. If the hole is suspected to be crooked, it may be
to your advantage to set weight on the tool and have the customer witness that it
will turn freely. Count the rotations put in the tool then back them out so this
operation does not cause problems during the test.

12.

If the bottom hole pressure is estimated to be higher than the hydrostatic, plug the
pop off so formation fluids do not bypass the Sampler during the test.

13.

If the tool is not rotated to the final shut in position, it will not catch a sample.

14.

Remember that this tool is only capable of collecting two flows and two shut- in
periods.

27

15.

Always note the condition of the O-rings on the inner mandrel when repairing. A
call may come after it is repaired to verify the condition of the O-rings if the
analysis shows there may have been a tool leak.

EZ DRILLS AND SETTING TOOLS

1.

Always use a poppet-type stinger.

2.

Run a perforated sub just above the tool whe n running an EZ Drill Bridge Plug.

3.

Always take the correct bridging bar and drop it through the setting tool before
running a poppet- type retainer. Check the rubber element on the bar and make
sure it is not cracked and that it will seal properly if needed.

4.

Inspect the tool top for cracks.

5.

Check the stinger for a smooth sealing surface.

6.

Rotate setting tool several rounds to make sure it turns freely. Never rotate back
until it stops as this may cause the tool to lock up.

7.

Use a snubbing chain or a tubing sub that will rest against blocks on the first stand
of pipe so the tubing will not drop causing the EZ Drill to set prematurely.

8.

Inspect the inside of mandrels for excessive cement buildup. Do not use if
questionable.

9.

Check for the proper number of drag springs and check for the proper part number
on drag blocks. Inspect all drag springs for proper tension.

10.

Instruct the unit operator or driller on how to run the tool and the importance of
not allowing the backup tongs to slip.

11.

Check sleeve that makes up into shear sleeve to insure that it is clean and that the
threads are in good condition and not cracked.

12.

The valve on poppet-type retainers is held open by shear pins and may not shear
until pumping through the tool. Fluid flowing back through the tool has less effect
on the shear pins than pumping through it.

28

F.O. CEMENTER OPENING/CLOSING TOOLS

1.

Use 10 feet of spacing between opening and closing tool.

2.

Point the wide part of the two tools towards each other when making them up.

3.

Check the fingers of the tools to make sure they are sharp enough to operate the F.
O. Cementer sleeve.

4.

Never use opening and closing tools that are abnormally bent.

5.

Encourage customer to use a stripper rubber when possible.

6.

Mark the position of the tubing plainly where the F. O. Cementer is opened and
closed.

7.

Be aware of the position of tubing collars when opening and closing the F.O.
Cementer. Re-space tubing with subs if necessary.

8.

Have a valve in the tubing before opening the F. O. Cementer.

9.

When possible, test the casing to make sure the F. O. Cementer is closed after
cementing.

10.

Pay close attention and do not run below the F. O. Cementer with the opening tool
when the job is completed.

11.

Always reverse out after closing the F. O. Cementer.

12.

Never run a Model R-type packer or any other packer that does not have ` caged
slips. They may accidentally open the F.O. Cementer.

13.

If you cant feel the fingers grabbing the tool properly, try again one casing joint
length above and one casing joint below where the F.O. Cementer is located. The
F. O. Cementer may not always be where it is suppose to be.

29

FAS DRILL SQUEEZE PACKER & BRIDGE PLUG, CS

SQUEEZE PACKER, AND ES BRIDGE PLUG
1.

A different mandrel, coupling ring, and setting sleeve are required to set these
tools using EZ Drill setting tools.

2.

These tools use shear pins instead of a shear sleeves. Use the shear pins provided
and do not substitute, especially on the Fas Drill tools. This may damage the top
of the tool, causing it to fail.

3.

These tools have the seal on the mandrel and may be reused if conditions warrant

4.

Rotate the tubing slowly when setting. The Fas Drill tools require 17-18 rounds of
torque before the upper slips bite and the setting tool stops rotating. If excess
torque is applied after the slips bite and the pins shear, the tool can not be set
properly.

5.

The setting tool mandrel on the Fas Drill is long enough to hold the poppet valve
open, allowing the tubing to fill while going in the hole.

6.

When drilling out the Fas Drill, the tool will drill quickly down to the packer
rubbers. You may need to spud (drop and catch) on top of the rubbers to get them
to break up. If the tubing starts to plug while spudding, you are probably spudding
too hard. The bottom of the tool will drop and may start to rotate. It may be
necessary to spud on this part to get the poppet valve drilled. Please be aware that
bit manufactures do not recommend spudding.

7.

The HCS squeeze packer and most Fas Drill tools are rated at 5000 psi maximum
at 250 degrees F in the lightest casing grades.

8.

Packer valves may be opened or closed while running on wireline. The stinger has
collet fingers that will latch in and operate the valve.

9.

The HCS squeeze packer can't be converted to a bridge plug.

10.

Monitor the port section of the lower mandrel closely for excessive washout. It
may be best to document fluid types, volumes, and rates so a life expectancy can
be determined for this part.

11.

When setting on wireline, the oil level in the setting device is very critical.
Too much oil in a Baker setting device will cause the tool to set prematurely.
Too little oil will not provide enough stroke to shear off from the tool. The oil
level in a Baker tool is dependent on the temperature. Always verify with the
wireline operator that the proper amount of oil and a slow-burning charge is
in the setting tool before going in the hole. If the setting tool fails, witness the
gas pressure bleed off and verify the oil level when the tool is recovered.

30

Leakage around the bleed off valve is another place for setting tool failure to
occur.
12.

Monitor the lower mandrel on the HCS squeeze packer for excessive washout. It
may be necessary to replace this part much more often than SV EZ Drill lower
mandrels.

FLUID CONTROL VALVE

1.

Test all fluid control valves in the shop and record opening and closing pressures.

2.

Encourage customer to pickle tubing before running valve. It is also a good idea
to flush all the surface lines and run a screen in the pump discharge line.

3.

Make sure you have the proper seating nipple before running RFC.

4.

Always take a backup RFC that has been tested and is ready to go.

5.

Use a Model III RFC below 8500 feet and especially in low fluid- level wells.

6.

Never run an RFC that has a bent fishing neck. Straighten or replace it before
running.

7.

Disassemble RFC valves and rinse as soon as possible after the job is complete.

8.

Always check the fishing tool to make sure it is correct. Always run sandline jars
when retrieving.

9.

Dress tool so it will open at 500-700 psi above the hydrostatic of the heaviest
fluid to be used in the job.

10.

Never pump abrasive fluids through this tool.

11.

Change all O-rings after each job regardless of condition.

12.

Replace worn and pitted parts as needed.

13.

On Model III RFC Valves, never run more than two spacers in a chamber. It is
better to run an additional chamber than it is to use spacers (which will cause
overstressing of the springs).

14.

Never drop an RFC down dry pipe. Set in a blank pipe and load tubing or run the
tool on a sandline.

15.

Always get an injection rate and shut- in pressure before pumping acid or other
chemicals down the tubing.

31

16.

When running the job, keep pump rate high enough to keep RFC open. Never
allow the pressure to oscillate (which indicates that the tool is opening and
closing).

17.

With Model III RFC Valves, make sure the bypass is closed before running in the
hole.

18.

When running the RFC on a sandline, a paper clip makes a good shear pin.

19.

On Model III RFCs, the piece called the adapter needs to be replaced most often.
The ball and seat set on top of this piece and the edge where the O-ring sets tends
to wear to a knife- like edge. During pumping, this causes the O-ring to move, and
upon closing, the O-ring is cut, caus ing a failure. Often, the head of the screw
holding the ball on the stem shears.

20.

A 5200# top on a 3200# bottom will not open on a MODEL II RFC. Never
open the bypass in low fluid level wells before the RFC seats in the seating
nipple.

HYDROSPRING
1.

Always record the weight applied to the tool, the time it takes to open, and the
estimated bottom hole temperature every time this tool is run. Three to five
minutes is the normal opening time.

2.

Follow the instructions in the Formation Testing Manual whe n changing the oil
and the metering pins.

3.

Watch for trapped gas when redressing the tool in the shop.

4.

Always use the proper oil in the Hydrospring chamber. Do not substitute.

5.

Check the Formation Testing Manual for the maximum weight that can be set on
the tool.

6.

If the tool will not open, pick up to the string weight and then set back down. Do
not be too quick to fault the tool since the collars above the Hydrospring may be
stuck.

32

IPC PACKER
1.

It is not necessary to run a Distributor Valve with these packers. They have an
internal method for letting pressure between the packers equalize.

2.

Follow the same general rules as used with the NR Packers.

JARS
1.

Don't be to quick to trip jars if packers do not release immediately. Allow time for
rubbers to relax.

2.

Always note the time it takes to trip the jars and how much over the string weight
was pulled.

3.

Do not break the oil section unless you know how to service the tool correctly.

4.

After servicing, test the jars before running on another job. Record the test data
and place in a file.

5.

Always collapse the jars before laying them down.

6.

Note the condition of the nickel plating on the upper mandrel. Always check to
see if the mandrel is bent before trying to collapse the jars.

7.

When tripping jars, have the driller on the brake and ready to move the pipe up or
down as needed.

8.

Check all breaks on this tool to make sure they are tight.

9.

The jars are generally the weak spot in the string. Know the maximum weight the
jars can handle and make sure it is acceptable before going in the hole.

10.

If the jars quit working, shut down and allow the oil in the jars to cool.

11.

Always use the drill collar safety clamp. The jars may trip after they are made up
if enough weight is run below them. This has caused the tool string to jump out of
the slips and go to bottom.

12.

Always wash through the jars after each test.

33

MODEL MH-1 PACKER

1.

Check springs behind drag blocks to insure they are not damaged or broken.
Always use inconel alloy springs.

2.

Pay close attention to the bypass seal and the sealing knife-edge.

3.

Check the durometer of the packer rubbers and make sure they are correct for the
application.

4.

Caliper tool and make sure it is dressed for the correct weight range.

5.

Never unset this tool with large differentials across the tool. Load the tubing or
annulus when possible before unseating the tool.

6.

Know how hydraulics affect this tool and how it operates before you run it.

7.

If you are unsure of the last maintenance performed on the tool, place the main
mandrel in the vise and remove the hydraulic hold-down head. Make sure the Oring on the inside piston is pointing towards the elements. Put a wrench on the
piston mandrel and make sure it is tight. Do not put the wrench on the sealing
area. Put the hold-down and top sub on the packer and tighten. Place the top
element retainer in the vise. Tighten the element mandrel and bypass seal cap if
there is one. Check the hold-down springs to make sure they are in good shape.

MODEL R PACKER
1.

This packer is more sensitive to casing weight changes than other tools. Be
careful about matching the tool to the casing.

2.

Do not exceed 3000 psi surface pressure as a general rule. The bypass tends to
open above this pressure.

3.

Do not unset the tool with a large differential across it. Load the tubing or
annulus if possible before releasing the tool.

4.

Understand the tool before you run it. Know the limitations and how hydraulics
affects the tool.

5.

Do not run these packers below 7000 feet unless you are certain this is the right
tool for the job. The failure rate of these tools greatly increases below this depth.

6.

Be aware that these tools can hang up in DV tools and can open F.O. Cementers.

7.

If the packer will not un-Jay and go down, try putting 400 psi differential across
the annulus and unseat the packer.

34

MODEL NR PACKER
1.

Be careful not to over-torque fine threads when tightening packers.

2.

It may be necessary to run a Distributor Valve between two packers.

3.

Make sure the shoes are the right size required for the job.

4.

Make sure the rubber durometer is correct for the job.

5.

Allow the packer elements time to relax after the bypass is opened. Two to five
minutes should be fine in most cases.

6.

Check all O-rings and replace after each run.

PERMA LATCH PACKER

1.

Checks tool for correct size and weight backup rings and packer elements. Check
the part numbers!

2.

Know how many shear pins the tool has in it and the total shear value.

3.

After packer is set in the tubing, it can be placed in a tension, neutral, or

compression position

4.

About 8000 pounds of weight (compression) is needed to compress the upper slip
spring and set the tool.

5.

The large-bore packers are sufficient to frac through.

6.

Never run this packer with the standard steel springs in wells where acid is used
or H2 S is present. The springs will not hold up.

7.

This tool has limited bypass capabilities so it must be run in the well slow. Leave
90% of the string weight on the weight indicator when running in the hole.

8.

When running this tool through a partial liner, it may be advantageous to place
some small wire around the upper slips so they do not hang and break while going
into the liner top.

9.

When releasing this tool, use the on/off tool to equalize any differential when
possible.

10.

Annular pressure can be applied to the packer while in compression to add

additional setting force.

35

11.

Extreme caution should be used when setting this tool in conjunction with
Tubing Conveyed Perforating (TCP). Use maximum pins to prevent the tool
from shearing.

12.

Know how the hydraulics affect the bypass on this tool before you run it

MODEL PPI PACKER

1.

Follow RTTS procedures for checking parts and packer rubbers.

2.

Use modified PPI Bypass when possible.

3.
Calculate pressure to pump modified bypass open and lock bypass closed if
breakdown pressure exceeds calculated pressure.
4.

If tubing spacer is required, always run N-80 tubing. Never run a pitted sub that
looks questionable. Always use blank testing anchor to space out tools 9 5/8 and
larger.

5.

Always use a tubing swivel.

6.

Never sand frac or run block through a PPI tool.

7.

Limit annular differential on PPI tools with tubing spacers to:

5000 PSI
4" - 5 1/2
3500 PSI
7" - 8 5/8
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURES HIGHER THAN THIS MAY CAUSE
TUBING SPACERS TO COLLAPSE.

8.

Test tool before starting and test periodically in blank pipe to check the condition
of the packer elements.

9.

Never bull plug the bottom of this tool.

10.

A standing valve may be bolted in place or special lock mandrel and plug may be
used to swab test zones.

11.

Always check seating nipple I.D. and make sure that standing valve will clear.

12.

Never attempt to circulate fill out of the hole with this tool.

13.

If a collar locator is used, always run it below the PPI tool.

14.

When possible, run a harder element than normal to increase durability of packer
elements.

36

15.

Replace parts when they become pitted or if the sealing surfaces are in question.

16.

Use a measuring stick to keep track of tool movements.

17.

The PPI adapter allows movement between the packer elements (up and down as
well as left and right). On sizes 7" and larger, it may be necessary to run larger
packer shoes to limit the amount of weight used to set the elements. There have
been problems with the top element giving up. In these cases the indention of the
top element shows the shoe was offset and not centered. We normally set 10-20
points down to set the elements. In certain cases with the larger tools this may
need to be reduced to 5-7 points to keep the tubing from moving the shoe off. The
Service Tools Manual has specifications to set packer rubbers listed by durometer.

18.

Always lock the bypass open when spotting fluid. This helps to avoid damage to
bypass O-rings due to tubing elongation.

RETRIEVEABLE BRIDGE PLUGS

1.

Set the Plug approximately 50 feet below the section to be squeezed.

2.

Test the plug to the anticipated squeeze pressure.

3.

Spot sand on top of the plug when possib le.

4.

Use packer-type plugs when the need arises for a bridge plug to isolate a lower
zone while flow testing an upper zone.

5.

Use packer type plugs when a wide range of casing weights are encountered.

6.

When drilling out cement after squeeze jobs, drill the last 10 - 15 feet of cement
slowly to prevent the breaking up of large chunks of cement. These chunks could
fall on sand and necessitate a drilling overshot to drill them up.

7.

Caution the customer and the rig crew about possible damage to the bridge plug if
excessive weight is applied to the plug. Clean out on the top of the bridge plug
must be done with a drilling overshot. The bit and the bottom hole assembly must
never be set down on top of the bridge plug.

8.

Retrieve the plug with a drilling- type overshot. Do not exceed 8,000 lbs. of
weight when drilling with an overshot. Be cautious about applying too much
torque in either direction if a running overshot is used to retrieve or run the plug.
Remember, once the packer bridge plug is set it will not turn! Applying too much
torque will damage the tool.

9.

DO NOT recommend a retrievable bridge plug while changing out and / or

37

repairing surface equipment. It is very possible to blow a RBP out of the well. A
RTTS Packer and a Sub-Surface Control Valve (Storm Valve) are more
appropriate for this type of work.
10.

The HES recommendation is not to run tools piggy-back. If you have to run
piggy-back, run a pup joint between tools (minimum of 4 or longer) in case you
become stuck and have to make a chemical cut.

11.

Whenever possible, use a Fas Drill Bridge Plug or EZ Bridge Plug instead of a
retrievable bridge plug.

MODEL R-4 PACKER

1.

This tool may be run in tension or compression.

2.

Know how many shear pins the tool has before it is run and be aware of how
hydraulics will affect the tool.

3.

This tool needs to be run slowly since it does not have a bypass.

4.

Be aware that this tool will slide down the hole when annular pressure is applied
when the tool is set in the tension position.

5.

Check part numbers on slips as they will interchange.

6.

Always check slips for cracks before running.

7.

The tool is designed for 5000 psi maximum pressure.

8.

Tighten all screws and breaks before running. Keep in mind that the tool top has a
left- hand thread.

RETRIEVABLE FRAC LINER

1.

Always check to see that the release valve is in the running position and not
shouldered up before running in the hole.

2.

Always have a valve in the tubing before latching in to retrieve the tool.

38

3.

Run tool in the hole slowly to minimize damage to the cups.

4.

This tool sets and releases similar to a BV RBP.

5.

Make sure the proper cups are used.

6.

Communicate risk factors with the customer and be sure he is willing to accept
liability if the tool moves or becomes stuck.

7.

Cups will be heavily worn at depths below 7000 feet.

8.

Large volumes of sand or high rates will damage tool. Consult Tech Services
before setting up jobs of this type.

REVERSING SUB
1.

Make sure this tool is dressed properly so that it will not leak. Keep a close watch
on O-ring sealing surfaces and threads.

2.

Replace the pin or pump out disc after each test.

3.

Check with the customer about where he wants the sub placed in the string.

4.

Check with the customer and make sure what type sub he wants and the benefits
for each.

5.

If brass disks or shear pins are used, find out if any ammonia is present in
the mud system. Ammonia based products cause the brass to become brittle
and can cause a failure. Substitute steel disks and pins if necessary.

ROTATIONAL BACK PRESSURE VALVE

1.

The position of this tool in the string is not as critical as the back pressure valve.

2.

This tool has a set of jaws (similar to a Dual CIP Valve) that prevents the tool
from rotating. It takes about 4,000 lbs. weight to release the jaws.

3.

This tool opens by rotating 11 rounds to the right and closes by rotating 11 rounds
to the left. It takes very little torque to operate the tool. Use caution when closing
the tool.

4.

The flapper can by changed out easily. The seat that the flapper seals against can
be removed and inverted to provide a new sealing surface.

5.

The O.D. of this tool is 4.75 inches.

39

RTTS
1.

Never set the tong pressure while making up tubing into RTTS tool top.

2.

Move the slip cage, lock the bypass open, check all breaks, and check all screws
to insure they are tight before running in the well.

3.

Check the durometer of the rubbers and make sure they are right for the
application.

4.

Check the part number on the drag blocks to insure that they are correct, then
check the springs behind them.

5.

Check the part number on the slips to ensure they are correct.

6.

Check hydraulic hold-down buttons and replace dull or broken slips as required.

7.

Always make sure all of the hydraulic hold-down but tons are pointed in the
proper direction.

8.

Always make sure the volume tube is in the packer and that the O-rings that seal
against it are in good shape.

9.

Never perform a suicide or circulation squeeze under an RTTS packer.

10.

Always reverse out after squeezing under an RTTS packer.

11.

Double check the bypass and make sure it is closed (with no residual right hand
torque in the tubing) when spotting with tailpipe below an RTTS packer. Again, it
is not recommended to run tailpipe below a packer.

12.

Never bull plug the bottom of a RTTS packer. This will collapse the volume tube.

13.

Always run a RTTS with an auto J if the well has a partial liner.

14.

Always run a double auto J RTTS circulating valve with an auto J RTTS
when a packer-type RBP is used.

15.

To set an RTTS with a double auto J circulating valve, raise tubing to height
required to allow tool to set and desired weight to be put on tool. Rotate tubing to
the right. Lower tool until tool begins to take weight. Remove wrenches and
continue to slack off until desired weight is on RTTS.

16.

When fluid is spotted below an auto J RTTS, and it is required that the tool be
reset, always use a tubing swivel so you can rotate the tubing in case the RTTS
bottom moves to the unset position.

40

17.

When the RTTS is set shallow and the amount of weight needed to set the packer
is in question, pull the tool and add enough tailpipe to get the weight needed to
properly set the tool.

18.

Never run an RTTS into open hole.

19.

Never spot cement above an RTTS.

20.

Do not encourage the customer to circulate sand off of an RBP with an RTTS in
the hole.

21.

Always double check that the circulating valve is locked closed by monitoring the
annulus and watch for kick-back to the left when tool takes weight.

22.

Never attempt to bull plug and test this tool at the surface.

23.

If flow controls are used to plug the bottom of the RTTS, or if TCP guns are to be
run under the RTTS, be aware that the volume tube could collapse. The volume
tubes on 4 1/2, 5", and 5 1/2 20#-26# will only handle approximately 700 PSI
DIFFERENTIAL (COLLAPSE). The 5 1/2 and larger sizes can handle about
3000 psi COLLAPSE and about 6000 psi BURST.

SIP TOOL
1.

Run tool slowly to keep from damaging the cups.

2.

Top cup may fail if casing is rough or pitted.

3.

Never pump abrasive fluids through this tool.

4.

Check ball and seat to be used and make sure they are correct.

5.

This tool has a concentric bypass that allows fluid to equalize from above and
below the cups.

6.

It is best to start at the top and go down when washing perfs with this tool.

7.

The tubing will not drain when the ball is on the seat. Fluid should be reversed out
prior to coming out of the hole when possible.

8.

A retrievable standing valve may be run below this tool in place of the ball and
seat.

9.

A modified SIP tool with a built- in bypass is better suited for use in low fluid
level wells.

41

10.

Avoid running this tool below 7000 foot, as the chances for failure and becoming
stuck increase below this depth. Packer cups wear out after traveling 7000 feet in
proper size casing.

SURFACE EQUIPMENT
1.

Mark any leaks or items that do not operate correctly and get them repaired.
Always maintain equipment so that it can operate safely to the maximum
pressures for which it was designed.

2.

Remove the chokes from the manifold after each test.

3.

Wash and grease all equipment after each test.

4.

Test steel hoses and chiksans periodically. Record and file the results.

5.

Change out any leaking valves.

6.

Never sniff the bubble hose or try to light it.

7.

Always have the surface equipment prepared for maximum operation.

42

SV EZ DRILL AND SETTING TOOLS

1.

Inspect tool top for cracks.

2.

Check stinger for smooth sealing surface and sharp end to close sliding valve.

3.

Rotate setting tool several rounds to make sure it turns freely. Never rotate back
until it stops. This may cause the tool to lock up.

4.

Use a snubbing chain or a tubing sub that will rest against the blocks on the first
stand of pipe so the tubing will not fall causing the EZ Drill to set prematurely.

5.

Inspect the inside of mandrels for excessive cement buildup. Do not use if
questionable.

6.

Check for proper number of drag springs and check for proper part number on
drag blocks. Inspect all drag springs for proper tension.

7.

Instruct unit operator or driller on how to run the tool and the importance of not
allowing the backup tongs to slip.

8.

Check sleeve that makes up into shear sleeve to insure that it is clean. The
threads must be in good condition and without any cracks.

9.

Never use a poppet-type stinger to run an SV EZ Drill.

10.

Make a dummy run (with the setting tool only on the workstring) through the
wellhead before attaching the EZ Drill to the setting tool.

11.

Do not run tool through wiper rubber.

12.

Use a LTD setting tool when setting the tool below 10,000 feet.

13.

Never use an LTD setting tool with a 3 1/2 or 4" SV.

14.

Keep the pump rate below 2 1/2 bpm when squeezing through 3 1/2 and 4 SV
EZ Drills. The valve may fail if more than 120 barrels of fluid is pumped.
Recommended rates for other size tools (EZ SV and EZ-SVB) are:

4 thru 6
4 bpm*
6 5/8 thru 8 5/8 6 bpm*
9 5/8 thru 20 10 bpm*

*These rates assume a one-hour maximum flow time. For flow times greater than
one hour, reduce the maximum rate by 2 bpm.

43

15.

The lower slip support (junk pusher) is little more than hand tight. It is tightened
with a 24" pipe wrench before shipping. After the EZ Drill is made up on a
setting tool, use a wrench to check the junk pusher. On most SV EZ Drills the
port on the junk pusher must line up with the ports in the mandrel. Check every
SV to make sure they are lined up. Some EZ Drills may have set screws that need
to be loosened before tightening or adjusting the junk pusher.

16.

ALWAYS CHECK THE POSITION OF THE SLIDING VALVE BEFORE

MAKING AN SV EZ DRILL UP ON THE SETTING TOOL.

17.

If there is a lack of drag on the casing, verify casing and setting tool sizes. If
these are correct, it may be necessary to add a few drag springs in older wells
where corrosion has increased the casing I.D.

18.

A 9 5/8 SV may be run inside used 8 5/8 24# casing. You must advise the
customer that the tool may set prematurely if casing weights above 24# are in the
well.

19.

Be aware that the stinger for an OPEN HOLE SV is LONGER than the stinger
for the standard SV.

20.

Make sure the drag spring bolts are the right length. They will cause the tool not
to rotate if they are too long, and will shear if they are too short.

VR SAFETY JOINT
1.

Replace the seal after each test.

2.

Pay close attention to the fine threads on the tool top. Be careful not to overtorque them.

3.

Never be quick to release the Safety Joint. Try every other option. Make sure the
customer understands what is going to happen after you release from the tool.

4.

When releasing from the tool, keep an accurate count of the rounds to the tool. Be
careful not to use too much torque when backing out.

5.

Never tighten this tool with it scoped out. It could bend the mandrel.

6.

Be careful not to tighten the breakout nut with the tongs.

7.

Additional care must be exercised when an Anchor Pipe Safety Joint is run below
the VR Safety Joint.

8.

Make sure that the breakout nut is flush with the top of the case and dont put the
tongs on the case.

44

WRP BRIDGE PLUG (Manufactured by Production Oil

Tools)
1.

Use slips that have tungsten carbide inserts instead of wicker slips.

2.

Tool should release with 3-5 points over tubing weight.

3.

Original tool was rated at 5000 psi at 250 degrees F. Newer tools are rated at 7500
psi at 275 degrees F.

4.

When retrieving tool where pressure is anticipated from below, apply pressure
from above, latch on to tool, open the bypass, and control the equalization rate.
Rapid pressure release from below will wash out parts.

5.

Use a screwdriver to hold the three mandrels in place when assembling the upper
shoe.

6.

The O-ring on the safety catch of the overshot should not be used.

7.

Disassemble the J-latch overshot each run and wash out the debris so the safety
catch will work properly.

8.

Closely monitor the tool for signs of excessive washout and replace parts as
needed.

45