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52

e
90

http:// www.ceci.org.tw ) e

(Eric)

185 28F
(02)27363567
http://

www.ceci.org.tw

comment@ceci.org.tw


(3-tier)

..

XML

EVA

(3-tier)-

(Internet) Internet (Web


Site)

(
)

HTML

CGI(Common Gateway Interface)


Visual C++ Visual Basic
CGI

(Application server)
Microsoft IIS ASPAllaire Cold Fusion Server
IBM Web Sphere

(
)

SQL ServerOracle
Sybase

Web

(3-tier)

Web

(3-tier) Web
(Presentation
tier)(Business Logic tier)(Data Service
tier)

3-tier Web

(
)

3-tier
(GUI)
Web
IE Netscape

(
)

(web server)Microsoft
Web
Microsoft IIS(Internet
Information Server) ASP(Active Server Pages)
Web ODBC OLE DB

client/server

Windows 2000 Server

Microsoft IIS 5.0 SQL Server 7.0Web GIS


Autodesk MapGuide Server 4.0

3-tier

IIS ASP APS VB Script


Java Script ASP IIS
(interpret) CGI (compile)
ASP (
Notepad) SQL Server
MapGuide Server
IE Netscape
MapGuide Viewer GIS MapGuide Viewer

IE

SQL Server

ODBC

IE Netscape
+ MG Viewer

HTTP

OLE DB

IIS + ASP

ODBC
MG Server

Window 2000 Server

Window 2000 Server

3-tier

Macromedia Dream WeaverFireworks


FlashAdobe Photoshop
ASP Allaire Cold Fusion Studio

ASP
MapGuide Web GIS













Flash html

(
)

ASP

Web

(
)

(
)

Tornado Web Genie

ASP
(frame)
ASP

ASP

(
)

Web GIS MapGuide


SQL
Server


MapGuide
MapGuide


3-tier

Web
IE

(1)Active Server Pages 2.0 1998


(2)Autodesk Mapguide Author Users GuideAutodesk Inc.1999
(3) Microsoft ASP 2000
(4) SQL Server 7.0 1999

(WTO)
(TRIPS)

WTO

WTO

WTO

()

1992 1998

(WTO)
(TRIPS)

()
1.

1886
()

()
1908


()
2.
1986 (WIPO)
(UNESCO)

(1)

()

(2)

3.

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

()
1.
1980

1909
1990

()
2.
1990
(

()
1990 ()
(1)
(2)

3.

()
1.
1889

3
1970

()
2.

()()

3.

1
2
3
4

()
1.
1985

()

1990 1998

()
2.
(
)
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)
3 5
58

3.
3 1

()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

()


WTO

()
?

()

?
?

?
()

()

1.

2.

3. (
)

4.

?
5.

(1)
?

(2)

(+
)

(3) 3D4D

(4)
?

1996 (WIPO)
(WCT)
(WPPT)
(WTO)(
)

GISGPSe-mail

2D() 3D()

1886 4
Id., Architecture and Copyright, 19 UNESCO Copyright Bull. 14,
15(1985).
Preliminary Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on U.S.
Adherence to the Berne
Convention, reprint in 33J. Copyright Socy U.S.A. 183,
264(1986).
Copyright Protection for Architecture and the Berne Conventin,
65 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 403, 439(1990).
Shipley, Copyright Protection for Architectural Works, 37 S.C.L.
Rev. 101(1986).
Innovation and Imitation:Artistic Advance and the Legal
Protection of Architectural Works, 70 Cornell L. Rev.
81, 95(1984).

Copyright Protection for Architecture After the Architectural


works Copyright Protection Act of 1990, 41 Duke
L.J.1598, 1617~18(1992).

3 11 93
P5-21993.
(75) 406476
(81) 8184002
()P761994.

46 P1921992.

e
e Generation Construction Management
Information System (e-CMIS)


(Bill Gates) (Digital Nervous
System)

e (e-CMIS)

e-CMIS e
e

e
(Mobile Computing)
(Internet Communication)
(Person Digital AssistantPDA)

P3AutoCAD

PDA

(1).(PDA
e-CMIS)
(2).(PDAe-CMIS)
(3).(PDAe-CMIS)
(4).
(e-CMIS)

(Discussion Board) FAQ


FAQ

FAQ

1999
(Person Digital
AssistantPDA)

PDA PDA

PDA
(Sybase) UltraLite Database Moon
Lin PDA

PDA
PDA

CMIS(Construction Management Information System)


ISO
e-CMIS

e-CMIS

e-CMIS
GIS GIS

(Normalization)

(
)
( DOS MenuButton
Window Pull Down Menu)

e-CMIS

e
PDA
PDA

(1). PDA

(2).

(3).

(Infoledge)
(4).

(5).

(6).

PDA
(PeCMIS PDA for eCMIS)
(FeCMISField control for eCMIS)
(HeCMISHeadquarter for
eCMIS)
(PeCMIS
4.1 PDA (PeCMIS
PDA for eCMIS)
(1)

PDA PDA
(2)


()

(3)
PDA

4.2 (FeCMIS
(FeCMISField control for eCMIS)
(1)

(2)
PDA

(3)
(PDA)
PDA

()

/
(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

4.3
(1) Linux OS

(2)
S-Curve

(3)

4.4 (HeCMIS
(HeCMIS
Headquarter for eCMIS)
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)()

(5)(Discussion Board)
FAQ

FAQ

FAQ

5.1 PDA (
(
)
)

PDA

5.2 (
(
)
)

5.3 (
(
)
)

5.4 (
(
)
)

5.5 (
(
)
)

5.6 (
(
)
)

e (e-CMIS)

e-CMIS e
(FeCMISiFeCMIS internet)
Web-base

e-CMIS FeCMISi

FeCMISi

FeCMISi


FeCMISi

- XML


XML(eXtensible Markup Language)
W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)

XML

 XML
XML HTML SGML(Standard
Generalized Markup Language)HTML
Internet WWW(World Wide Web)
Internet browser()

HTML W3C
XMLXML SGML
1986

SGML W3C XMLW3C


1998 XML 1.02000 10
XML 1.0
 XMLSGML HTML
XML HTML
HTML XML HTML SGML
SGML (subset)(tag)
HTML (layout)
<font><table><tr><td> XML
XML (layout)

SGMLHTML XML
XML HTML
SGML
Internet XML
SGML HTML

SGML
HTML
XML

XML SGMLHTML

 XML
(1)XML

(2)XML
XML

(3)XML

(4)XML

(5)XML

(6)XML XML

 XML
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)

XML
 XML
XML (Document Type Definition, DTD)
(Document Instance)

(Element)(Start-Tags)(End-Tags)
(Attribue)
< = >
2001/10/05
</>
<></
>2001/10/05
XML
XML XML
Well Formed
 DTD (Document Type Definition)
DTD XML
DTD DTD XML
DTD
DTD DTD SGML

(1) DTD XML


(2) DTD
 Schema
Schema DTD DTD
W3C Schema
DCD (Document Content Description)RDF (Resource Description
Framework)SOXSchema for Object-oriented XML XML
Data Schema Schema XML
XML
DTD XML Schema 2001
5 W3C
 VALID
XML VALID

(1) XML well-formed


(2) XML DTD Schema
(3)DTD
(4) XML DTD
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
CSS HTML HTML
CSS HTML
CSS2
XML(layout) XML

XSL (Extensible Style Language)
XSL CSS XSL
XML XSL
XML XSL XML
HTML
XSL XML
XML XSL
XML
()

Style sheet1

XML

Style sheet2

Style sheet3

Output1

Output2

Output3

XML Style sheet

 DOM (Document Object Model)


DOM

(Application

Programming InterfaceAPI)
DOM XML

XML
XML
XML XML

XML
XML
 B2B EC( Business To Business e-Commerce )
B2B EC XML


BizTalk
Microsoft BizTalk BizTalk Framework

(DTD Schema)BizTalk.org
Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000
BizTalk B2B EC
aecXML BizTalk Framework


WIDL (Web Interface Definition Language)
WebMethods B2B EC SAP Sterling
Commerce WIDL BizTalk

 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocal)


SOAP Microsoft .Net
SOAP Internet (HTTPFTP)

Web ServiceWeb Component


 WML (Wireless Markup Language)
WAP WAP
WML

 SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)


RealPlayer G2 SMIL

 CML (Chemical Markup Language)

 BSML (Bioinfomatic Sequence Markup Language)

 MathML (Mathematical Markup Language)

 SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)


XML HTML
Flash
SVG XML
SVG
SVG Flash
 RDF (Resource Description Framework)
RDF
RDF

 XML/EDI (Electric Data Interchange)


EDI ()
XML EDI

SSLSET

aecXML
 aecXML
aecXML XML
(AECArchitecture-Engineering- Construction)
aecXML (Bently Systems, Incorprated) 1999
aecXML
IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability)
600 aecXML

(1)
(2)
(3)
 aecXML
aecXML

(1)(document file transfer)


(file-based)
(data - reentry)


aecXML
(2)(Application Programming Interface)

(tight coupling)
aecXML

(3)

 aecXML schema
aecXML
aecXML
aecXML
 <aecXML/>
<aecXML/> aecXML
aecXML <aceXML/>
<communication/><project/>
 <communication/><To/>
<From/> aecXML
 <project/>

 <name/>
 <owner/>
 <participant/>
 <BuildingComponent/>
<density/><color/>
<DesignationData/>
<DesignData/><EstimationData/><ScheduleData/>
()()(
)()
aecXML

aecXML
Communication
Project
Name
Description
ProjectNumber
Owner
Participant
BuildingComponent
DesignationData
DesignData
EstimationData
ScheduleData
Type
Size
Location
CurrentPhase
PercentComplete
BeginDate
CompletionDate

aecXML

aecXML www.aecxml.org
www.bizTalk.org

XML
XML
XML
NII()
XML

XML
XML

XML

XML


XML

( http://www.uxb2b.com )
( http://steel.uxb2b.com/ )

XML

B2B
XML

XML
E-learning E-commerce

e XML


XML
XML
XML


XML HTML


XML Internet XML
( B2B)
aecXML

 XML-based
XML Microsoft.NetSOAPWMLSVG
SMIL

(1) Brian E. Travis, XML and SOAP Programming for BizTalk


Servers, Microsoft
(2) XML & ASP
2000 12
(3) XML
2000 6
(4)
2000 6
(5) XML
(6) http://w3c.org/xml
(7) http://www.aecXML.org
(8) http://www.bizTalk.org
(9) http://www.xml.org


()

()()

(reliability)

(R)(Q)

2.1

(histogram)(freguency)[1]
(PDF)

(1)

Y X Y=g(X) Y

dg 1
f Y ( y) = f X ( g )
dy
1

(1)

1
1
g g ( y ) g

(2)
Y X i
(a)
(b)(c)
Y X i

Y = a1 X 1 + a 2 X 2 + ..... + a n X n

(2)

(a) Xi X i

X i Y

Y = ai xi

(3a)

i =1

Y 2 = a 2 i Xi 2

(3b)

i =1

(b) Xi

Xi X i Y
Y Y

Y = X
i =1

(4a)

Y2 = X2
i =1

(4b)
1
2

X = ln X X2
i

(5a)

X2 = ln(1 + X2 / X2 )
i

(5b)

(c) Xi

Y Y
n

Y = X
i =1

(3)
X i
(1)(2)

(2)

E (Y ) = a i E ( X i )

(6)
Y
()
i =1

i =1

i =1

var(Y ) = a i2 var( X i ) + a i a j cov( X i , X j ) = a i2 xi + a i a j ij Xi Xj


2

(7)

ij

Xi

cov( X i , X j )

Xj

Xi

Xj

(covariance) X i
cov( X i , X j ) = 0

Xj

2.2
(discrete)
(continuous)

(normal distribution) Lumb


[2]

[3]


R Q

3.1
Q R
(safety margin)M M=R-Q
M (PDF) fM(m)(M<0 )

f M ( m ) dm

pf

(8)
fM(m) M<0

f M (m)

Pf

m
m

Pf

ps

( M0 )

M
Ps = 1 P f = ( )
(9)
()
(CDF)
M m M=0
m (9)
Pf
1.0E+0

Probability of Failure (Pf)

1.0E-1

1.0E-2

1.0E-3

1.0E-4

1.0E-5
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Reliability Index ()

G(X)=G(X1X2.Xn)
(10)
Xi () G>0
G<0 G=0
G(X)=0 n (failure
surface) G(X)>0
f
G(X)<0 X 1 , X 2 .... Xn
Pf

P f = .......... f X 1 , X 2 ... Xn ( x1 , x 2 ,..... x n ) dx 1 dx 2 ..... dx n

(11)

G ( X 1 , X 2 .., X n ) < 0

(11)

3.2
G ( X 1 , X 2 ,..... X n ) Xi
X i Xi
Xi =

X i

X i X i X i
G(

Xi

)=0

n
* G
xi

i =1
X i *
2

'
i =1 X i *
n

(12)

'*
'*
'*

x , x ........xn
(G / X i ) * 1 2

xi

xi = *X i
'*

'*

*X =
i

X i *

i =1 X i *
= X i
n

(13)

FX i ( xi* )

XN

XN

x i

x i* XNi

N
X i

*
= FX i ( xi )

(14)

()(14)

XN = xi* XN 1 [F X ( xi* )]
i

(15)

(8) xi

N
Xi

{ 1 [F X ( x i* ) ]}
i

f X i ( x i* )

(16)

f (x* )
() X i i
X i
(15)(16)

X 1 , X 2 ....... X n

3.3

(1)
*
xi = X i , i = 1,2.......n
(2)

XN

xi =
*

(3)

xi* X i

xi =
*

xi* XNi

XN

XN

(4)
G
G X i
G
=

Xi
X i * X i X i * X i *

xi*

'

(5) X i X i (13)

(6)
x = X i *X i X i
*
i

(7) x i G
*

(8)(7) (6) x i
(9)(3)(8)
(9)
Pf

(factor of
safety)

(Q)
(R) Q0 R0
F0=R0/Q0
(Limit State)
Q1=R1
Fq=Q1/Q0 Fr=R0/R1
[4]

i =1

Qi

(17)

() i Qi (
)

g ( 1 x1 , 2 x 2 ,........ n xn ) = 0

(18)

i xi X i*

x i*

xi

(19)

*
*
*
xi = xi i xi = xi (1 x i xi )

i = 1 i* xi

(20)

X xi X i
(c.o.v)
*
i

*
i

-2
-4
110 ~110

-4

-6

-3

-5

10 ~10 10 ~10
[5]

5.1

S=

Cc
P + P
Hlog O
1+ lO
PO

(21)

C C eO H
PO P
4cm

CC
P + P
g ( X ) = 0.4
Hlog O
1+ lO
PO
(22)

5.2
CcH Po
2 (T2) 1 (k1) 2 (k2)
[6] Po
( Po = h ) h Po

0.87
1

1 T2K1 K2 ([6])

CV 10 3 mv 10 3

(m)
3

(t/m )

CC
2

cm /sec
2 (T2)

cm /kg

4.5

1.90

0.29

6.74

24.89

2.1

0.06

0.08

4.96

10.04

0.46

0.03

0.27

0.74

0.4

1 (K1)

4.3

1.87

0.28

7.0

28.0

3.0

0.08

0.03

3.95

0.76

0.7

0.04

0.12

0.57

0.24

2 (K2)

4.8

1.78

0.34

11.40

27.50

2.8

0.07

0.08

3.72

9.29

0.57

0.04

0.22

0.33

0.34

5.3

2 1 2
0.2T/m2 0.5T/m2
3.3 T2
2

0.2T/m 2
3 T2K1 K2

2
2

P=0.2T/m 2
2

P(t / m 2 )

()

PF=1-()

2 (T2)

1 (k1)

0.2

2.74

3.0710-3

0.35

1.165

0.122

0.5

0.385

0.438

0.2

2.65

4.02510-3

0.35

1.04

0.14917

0.5

0.346

0.365

2 (k2)

0.2

1.805

0.0355

0.35

0.53

0.298

0.5

0.29

0.386

2 ( T2 )

Cc

0.29

0.08

0.29

4.5(m)

2.1

PO

4.37(t/m2)

0.06

-0.00374 -0.50872

0.4030

2.785

4.5(m)

-0.00633 -0.86058

9.533

eO = 0.87

4.37(t/m2)

0.000182 0.024761

4.365

=1.1910-6

g / x

g / x

xi

xi

2.785

Cc

0.29

0.08

0.403

-0.00793 -0.66844

0.439

4.5(m)

2.1

9.533

-0.00881 -0.74239

8.842

PO

4.37(t/m2)

0.06

4.365

0.000538 0.045294

4.362

Cc

0.29

4.5(m)

PO

4.37(t/m )

Cc

0.29

g / x

xi

2.74

0.439

-0.00736 -0.60817

0.423

2.1

8.842

-0.0096

-0.79254

9.06

0.06

4.362

0.000543 0.044882

4.36


0.08

0.423

g / x

xi

-0.00755 -0.63156

P=0.2 T/m2

=-0.0004

0.08

=7.410-5

0.428

2.74

H
PO

4.5(m)
2

4.37(t/m )

2.1

9.06

-0.00925 -0.77402

8.95

0.06

4.36

0.000537 0.044939

4.36

g / x

xi

2.74

Cc

0.29

0.08

0.428

-0.00746 -0.62245

0.427

4.5(m)

2.1

8.95

-0.00936 -0.78137

8.98

PO

4.37(t/m2)

0.06

4.36

0.000537 0.044815

4.36

g / x

xi

=6.5510-5

=6.410-5

2.74

Cc

0.29

0.08

0.427

-0.00748 -0.62462

0.427

4.5(m)

2.1

8.98

-0.00934 -0.77964

8.98

PO

4.37(t/m2)

0.06

4.36

0.000537 0.044866

4.36

=6.3810-5

* =2.74
PF = 1 ( ) = 1 (2.74) = 3.07 10 3
5.4
(1)

s
g=
S (C c , H , Po )
F .S
(23)
s F.S
F.S
F.S=1.2
0.2T/m2T2 =1.058
0.145K1 =0.9 0.184K2
=0.94 0.174
T2 K1

(2)

C c = 1C c
*

H = 2 H P0 = 3 P0 1 2 3
*

g = S d S ( 1C c , 2 H , 3 P0 )

(24)

Sd

=1.0 0.2 T/m2
(C C , HP0 ) 4
C
P
4 C 0
T2K1 K2 H K1
2 2

2 (T2)

1 (K1)

2 (K2)

CC

( i )

FS

0.906

1.1

H
p0

0.569

1.76

1.0

1.0

CC

0.994

1.0

H
p0

0.3

3.32

1.0

1.0

CC

0.961

1.04

H
p0

0.42

2.27

1.0

1.0

=1.0 0.2t/m2

(1) Ang, A. H-S, and Tang, W. H.(1975 Probability concepts in


Engineering planning and Design, Vol.I Basic principles, John
wiley & sons, N.Y.
(2) Lumb, P. (1966) The Variability of Natural soil Geoteehnical
Journal, Vol.3, PP.74-97.
(3) (1992)
- 37 pp.6-17
(4) Meyerhof, G. G. (1970) Safety Factors in Soil Mechanics
Canadicm Geotechnical Journal, Vol.7, NO.4, pp.349-355.
(5) (1992)
37 pp.59-67
(6) (1988)
22 pp.5~27


1999
0.33g0.28g
0.23g0.18g 0.33g 0.23g

( 5 )

()()

()

1999 9 21

1.2.
3. 4.5.
6.

1999 12

()


1995

(z 0.330.280.23 0.18)

0.33
0.23 1
1 [(1995 2000)]

(z=0.33)
(z=0.28)
(z=0.23)
(z=0.18)

(z=0.33)
(z=0.23)

3.1

(1995 )

(1999 )

(1)
(2)

N>U

S>V

3.2

FLRL
R R1R2R3

A O
L = PEAK
=

'
g O'
O

FL FL 1

rd1.0-0.015x
N/( o + 0.7)
'

R10.0882

R20.190.02mmD500.05mm
0.225 (0.35D50)(0.05mmD500.6mm)
-0.050.6mmD502.0mm
R30.0 0Fc40
0.004Fc - 0.16 40Fc100
FL
R
L
kg/cm2
'kg/cm2
Fc #200
A = Zd g ZIg (TYPE I)

= ZIg/3.0 y ZIg/1.2 y Fu
x (m)
N N

(TYPE II)

A
Z
I ( 1.2 1.0)
y
:
Fu :
g

d
L

(z=0.33)
(z=0.23) I 1.2 TYPE
I Zd=ZI=0.276 0.396 TYPE I
E0
kH 0

TYPE II
Zd 0.11 0.077

AASHTO
3
2

1.
2.
3.
4.

( 4.5~5.0 )

13 1.5
6.5

1.
(1) ()

(2)

(
)
(3)

(
)

(4)

2.
(1)

60cm
(2) SWM(Soil Mixing Method)

5~8m
5.5~6.0m

(3)

(4)

( 1m)

()
2

1. 1.

2.
2.

SMW

5.5m~6.0m 1.

5.0~8.0m

2.

1.

(
2.

( 1.

1m)

2.

1.

2.
()

3.

1. 1.


2.

1. 1.

2.

2.

SMW

1.

2.
()
()
()()

3.
SMW

C381
510
330
180

183.5 Y





()
1.
1.

2.
2.

F101
F114 B114
1.5 m /sec

()
1.
1.

n U g (t )
..

[M ]U g (t ) + [C ]U g (t ) + [K ]{U g (t )} = {M }{I }U g (t )
..

..

{U (t )} = {Y (t )}

..
..
.
[M n ]Y (t ) + [C n ]Y (t ) + [ K n ]{Y (t )} = {Ln }U g (t )

Y i (t ) + 2 i i Yi (t ) + 2 iYi (t ) = Pi U g (t )
..

Pi =

..

Li
M i i participation factor

Duhamel integral

Y i (t ) =

Li
M iW i

Y g ( )e
t

..

i i (t

sin i (t )d

i
PS
Yi max = i 2 a
i
Square Root
of Sum of SquaresSRSS Complete Quadratic Combination
MethodCQC CQC CQC
n i
ri ri max

n
ri max =
i =1

Pij =

(1 )

2 2

ri Pij r j

j =1

8 i j ( i + j )

+ 4 i j (1 +

) + 4(

2
i

j
2

i
j

XYZ
CQC

2.
2.
Time History
AnalysisResponse Spectrum Analysis

(1)

(2)

1
A1

D1~D4

SA4

B1~B10

C1~C10

SA1~SA3SA5

A1~A5

C1~C5

TI1~TI10

SA6~SA9

De1De2

X1~X6

E6~E10

E1~E5

SL/SL

764

()

()

Ambient vibration test

Fourier transformation

EI

4 y
2 y 2 y
+
T
+m 2 =0
x 4
x 2
t

y ( x, t ) = ( x ) sin t

4 T 2 m 2
+

=0
EI
x 4 EI x 2

2n nB (1 cos(L ) cosh (L )) + sin (L ) sinh (L ) = 0

T
L
EI


(1) 3

2
c
c
4 w B 2
T=
( f 1 L ) 1 2.2 B 0.55 B 17
g

f1
f 1
2
c
4 w B 2
T=
( f 1 L ) 0.865 11.6 B 6 17
g

f 1
2
c
4 w B 2
T=
( f 1 L ) 0.828 10.5 B 0 6
g

f 1
(2) 3

w B
T=
f2 L
g

w B
f2 L
T=
g

c
c
1 4.4 B 1.1 B

f2
f 2

c
c
1.03 6.33 B 1.58 B

f2
f 2

w B
f2 L
T=
g

c
0.882 85 B

f 2

60

17 60

0 17

(3)

4w
T = 2
f nB L
n g

nc
1 2 . 2 B

fn

c=

EIg
wL 4

wL
0 . 31 + 0 . 5

3
5
128 EA cos
0 . 31 0 . 5

n2

200

mono load cell

A1

Ambient vibration testing


FFT

()

6~18

2 FEM

STAADIII

()

10km/hr20km/hr
30km/hr40km/hr 60km/hr

24036010cm
10

2
Impact factor
3
FFT

()

88 6
6
15~20m/s
15~20cm
35 m/s
10 30cm
10

6
6

88 7 7 10m/sec 20m/sec

()

Sc

2%
10

5%

SL/SL

()

()

(
)

123
4

()

1.
1.

3 AC

2.

2 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1. 2. 3.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3.

1. 2. 3.

1.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1 /1

()

gray area

(1) Davenport. A. G., The Dynamics of Cables in Wind ,


Proceeding of the International Symposium on Cable Dynamics,
Liege, Belgium , Oct.19-21., 1995.
(2) S. Hikami, Rain Vibration of cable-stayed Bridges , Journal of
JSWE., Vol. 27., 1986.
(3) Saito. T., Matsumoto. M., and Kitazawa. M., , Rain-Wind
Excitation of Cables on Cable-Stayed Higashi-Kobe Bridge and
Cable Vibration Control , Preceedings of Conference on
Cable-Stayed and Suspension Bridges, Deauville, France, Oct 12-15,
1994, pp.507-514.
(4) 27
March, 1986, pp.17-28.
(5) Peter. A., Irwin., Wind Vibrations of Cables on Cable Stayed
Bridges , Building to Last, Proceedings of Structures Congress XV
Structural Engineering lnstitute IASCE Held, April 13-16 , 1997,
Portland, Oregon..
(6)
Part A August, 1993.
(7) M. Matsumoto et al., On Rain-Wind lnduced Vibration of the
Cables , 10th National Conference Wind Engineering, 1988.
(8)
Vo1.25 , No.5 ,
May, 1991, pp.35-43.
(9)
V01.12 , No.47, July, 1988, pp.15-23.
(10)

1990, pp.89-90.
(11)H.
Wenzel.,
Cable
Stayed
Bridges-History
Design
Application,1998 , pp.372-385
(12)Niels J. Gimsing., Cable Supported Bridges-Concept & Design,
Second edition, JOHN WILEY&SONS, 1996.
(13)
pp.33-42.
(14)

(15)

EVA

Mikinsey & Company 1996

1.4

EVA

2.1

efficiency
effectivenessdo the
things right

do the right things

you get what you


measure

21

2.2

1
earnings per share, EPSreturn of sale, ROS
return of asset, ROAreturn of
equity, ROEreturn of capital, ROC

Kaplan & Norton1992


balanced scorecard
4 3

1.
2.

3.

4.

factor analysis
EPS
ROSROAROE

2.3

accrued basis

EPS
ROSROEROA

1.EPS


EPS

2.ROS
ROS
trade loading
channel stuffing
ROS

3.ROA

ROA

4.ROE

ROE

3.1 EVA
Hamilton 1,777
P.F.
Drucker1955

economic value added, EVA


residual income
economic profit

EVA Stern Stewart & Co.

total-factor productivityEVA

economic value

3.2 EVA
EVA
equity equivalent reserves

EVA

EVA
ROICWACCIC

1. return on invested capital, ROIC

2. cost of capital, COC


weighted average cost of capital, WACC
3. beginning total invested capital, IC

4. earnings before interest and tax, EBIT

5. net operation profit after tax, NOPAT


EBIT1
6. equity equivalents reserves

capitalized
intangibles
ROIC
WACCEVA

ROIC
WACC EVA
EVA
ROIC WACC
EVA
3.3 EVA

value drivervalue restructuring

1.
ROS

profitability driver

2.
T
ROA

ROAROS T

T
growth driver

3.
AE
ROE

ROEROA AE


AE
risk driver

EVA
1.buildROIC
WACC
2.operate

3.harvest

3.4 EVA

EVA
EVA

1.

EVA EVA

SBU
EVA
ROIC WACC
EVA
2.

EVA

EVA

EVA
3.

EVA

to motivate manager think, act and reward like an owner


bonus
bank EVA

4.

EVA

EVA
5.

stakeholder

EVA

EVA
EVA

6.
R. Goizueta1996

EVA
4.1

generally
accepted accounting principles, GAAP

accounting book valueeconomic book


valuepotential
distortion equity equivalents
reserves
1.

2.

Stern Stewart & Co. GAAP 166

EVA

EVA 5 15

1.
2.
3.
4.
4.2

1. LIFO reserve
last in first out, LIFO

EVA
first in first out, FIFO
LIFO reserve LIFO FIFO
LIFO reserve capital
NOPAT LIFO reserve
LIFO FIFO
2.

3.
deferred taxes

EVA

4.

EVA
EVA
Stern Stewart
NOPAT

5.

40
EVA
NOPAT

6.

EVA
EVA
EVA

7.

8.

internal rate of return, IRR


EVAStern Stewart sinking fund

9.
EVA
NOPAT
EVA
NOPAT

MVA
5.1

MVA
total market value
market value addedMVA

MVAMVEBV
MVA

MVA

1.=(market value of debt and


equity, MV)
2.=(economic book value
of debt and equity, EBV)
3.
MVA
MVA
MVA

5.2

MVA
1.

MVA

MVA MVA
MVA

MVA MVA
MVA

2.

10 10
1
1 0.8 1996
Dell computer Co. 87
Digital Equipment Co. 81
4 83
120 39

3.NPV MVA
net present value, NPV
NPV
MVA

NPV MVA
MVA
NPV00
5.3

EPSROSROE EVA
3

MVA

MVA (%)

1.
2. EPS

9
15-20

3.
4.
5. ROE
6. EVA

22
23
35
50

Al Ehrbar(1998), EVA: The Real Key to Creating Wealth, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EVA 50% MVA
MVA EVA EVA
MVA EVA
MVA MVA EVA
EVA 1
9.5 MVA

EVA MVA
IBM 1985 1992 MVA
EVA 4.5 10.6 4
4

IBM MVA EVA

IBM

1985

1989

1992

1989

1992

66

58

MVA

500

-237

-500

-737

EVA

47

-2

-53

-49

-100

MVAEVA

10.6

4.5

10.2

7.4

Al Ehrbar(1998), EVA: The Real Key to Creating Wealth, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

6.1

value mind-set

value drivervalue restructuring


EVA

MVAEVA
make managers into owners

5
5

1. Mind-set

2. Measurement (ROSROAROE)

EVA (NEEATROCSpreadEVA)
MVA (MVEBVMVA)
3. Management

4. Restructuring ()

()
()
5. Communication(EVA )

6. Motivation

(EVA ) EVA

(2001)
6.2

ROSROAROEEPS

EVA
EVA

equity
equivalents

6.3 EVA
1.
EVA
5 15
EVA

2.
EVA

5 15
EVA

EVA

3.
EVA

EVA

EVA

EVA

ROIC WACC
EVA
EVA

(1)2001
(2)1998

(3) Ehrbar, A 1998EVA: The Real Key to Creating Wealth,


2000 EVA
(4) Drucker, P. F., Eccles, R. G., Ness, J. A., Cucuzza, T. G., Simons, R.,
Davila, A., Meyer, C., Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P.,
1991-1998Measuring Corporate Performance-Harvard Business
Review, 2000-

(5)2001

e e
50

90.10.31

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