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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION
PART-A
1. Define gain and directivity of an antenna.
2011)
(AU AM
Gain :
Gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of maximum radiation
intensity in a given direction to the maximum radiation intensity of a
reference antenna.
Power gain is defined as the ratio of maximum power radiated by a
test antenna to the maximum power radiated by a reference antenna.
Directivity :
It indicates the effectiveness of concentrating power into a limited solid
angle. It is the ratio between maximum radiation intensity to the average
radiation intensity.
DirectivityA D = 4/
Where,
(AU MJ
(AU MJ 2011)
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
(AU MJ
Ae = Power received/Power
density
2
Ae = Pr /S m
Where, Pr = Power received
S= Power density
6. What are the approaches used for finding potentials for electromagnetic
field?
(AU AM
2011)
Maxwells approach.
7.Define radiation pattern.
2011)
(AU AM
(AU AM
(AU MJ
Since, the short electric dipole is so short, the current which is flowing
through the dipole is assumed to be constant throughout its length. The
effect of this current is not felt instantaneous at a distance point only after
an interval equal to the time required for the wave to propagate over the
distance r is called the retardation time. The retarded current [I]=Io exp(j
(t-r/c)) Where r/c is the phase retardation.
10. What is meant by Polarization?
2011)
(AU AM
` The polarization of the radio wave can be defined by direction in which the
electric vector E is aligned during the passage of at least one full cycle. Also
polarization can also be defined the physical orientation of the radiated
electromagnetic waves in space. The polarization are three types. They are
Elliptical polarization , circular polarization and linear polarization.
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PART-B
1. What is the maximum effective aperture and gain of a microwave antenna
with directivity of 900 operating at 8 GHZ ? (AU MJ 2013) (16)
Answer Key :
Definition
(4)
Explanation
(8)
Calculation
2. A join dipole of x/2 long.?If it has loss resistance of 2
,calculate :
(4)
(AU MJ 2013)
(16)
(i) Directivity
(ii) Gain
(iii) Effective Aperture
(iv) Beam Solid Angle and
(v) Radiation Resistance
Answer Key :
Calculation
(12)
Result
(4)
3.(a)What is effective aperture of a antenna and how it is related to the
gain ?
(AU MJ 2011)
(8)
Answer Key :
Definition
Explanation
(4)
(4)
(AU MJ 2011)
(8)
Definition
(4)
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Explanation
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(4)
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
Calculation
(12)
Result
5. Explain the following terms
(4)
(AU AM 2011) (16)
(i) Polarization
(ii) Antenna Temperature
(iii) Effective Aperture
(iv) Directivity
Answer Key :
Definition
(8)
Explanation
(8)
(AU MJ 2012)
(16)
Answer Key :
Definition
Explanation
Explain the following terms with respect to
7. antenna.
(i) Radiation Intensity
(ii) Beam Width
(iii) Band Width
(iv) Reciprocity
(v) Directivity
Answer Key :
(4)
(12)
(AU MJ 2012) (16)
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Definition
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(10)
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Explanation
YEAR/SEM : III/VI
(6)
UNIT II
PART A
APERTURE AND SLOT ANTENNAS
(AU AM
(AU MJ
Half power beam width is half of beam width between first nulls.
Half power beam width HPBW = BW/2
HPBW = 81.1. 1/L/degrees
(AU AM
(AU AM
(AU AM 2011)
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(AU MJ 2013)
(AU MJ
When the length of the short dipole is vanishing small, then such a
dipole is called a infinitesimal dipole. If dl be the infinitesimally small length
and I be the current, then Idl is called as the current element.
8. What is a Short Dipole?
2013)
(AU MJ
(AU MJ
(AU MJ
Calculation
(4)
Result
(4)
(ii)Calculate and plot the field pattern produced by an array of two isotropic
sources of the
same amplitude and phase for the distance of separation
d=3/4.
(AU MJ 2013)(8)
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
Answer Key :
Calculation
(4)
Result
(4)
2.(i)Obtain the electric and magnetic field components of an infinitesimal
dipole.
(AU MJ 2013)
(10)
(ii)Compare different forms of dipoles with respect to its length current
distribution and
effective aperture.
(AU MJ 2013)
(6)
Answer Key :
Derivation
(10)
comparison
(6)
3.Evaluate the electric and magnetic quantities of a half wave wire dipole
operating at 800
MHZ and plot the current and its radiation pattern.
(AU MJ 2013)
(16)
Answer Key :
Calculation
(12)
(4)
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
5.Derive an expression for the RP of a BSA with nPlotthe verticalRPin dip
and horizontal planes for a broadside array of 4 dipoles.
(AU MJ 2013)
(16)
Answer Key :
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
6.(i)Show how the directivity can be improved by using a number of antennas
in an array.
(AU MJ 2013)
(8)
Answer Key :
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Derivation
Theory
(ii)Explain the principles of BSA and EFA
YEAR/SEM : III/VI
(4)
(4)
(AU MJ 2013)(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(4)
Explanation
(4)
7. Deduce the expression for the radiation pattern(minor lobe maxima & minima of the
minor lobe, HPBW, FNBW) of a uniformly spaced linear end fire array of n-isotropic
elements.
(AU MJ 2011) (16)
Answer Key :
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
8. Derive the expressions for the far field components of short dipole of length dl w
carries current I and calculate its radiation resistance.
(AU MJ 2011) (16)
Answer Key:
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
9.Derive an expression for radiation from a Half wave dipole (AU MJ 2011)
antenna.
(16)
Answer Key :
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
10. Obtain an expression for field and power radiated by a current element
and derive the
(AU ND 2012)
expression for its radiation resistance.
(16)
Answer Key :
N.SHARMILAAP/ECE
Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
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Derivation
(12)
Theory
(4)
12. Obtain the expression for radiated power of half-wave dipole antenna.
(AU ND 2012) (16)
Answer Key :
Derivation
Theory
UNIT III
PART A
ANTENNA ARRAYS
(AU AM
(AU MJ
(AU AM
(AU MJ
Dielectric lens antennas are the antennas in which the traveling wave
fronts are delayed by lens media
5. What do you meant by pyramidal
horn?
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(AU AM 2011)
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If flaring is done along both the walls( E & H), then it is called as a
pyramidal horn.
6. What are the advantages of lens antenna?
2011)
(AU MJ
i.
the lens antenna, feed and feed support do not block the
aperture as the rays are transmitted away from the feed.
ii.
iii.
(AU AM
(AU ND
(AU ND
(AU AM
Explanation
Diagram
2.Explain how parabolic reflector antennas are efficient for microwave
(12)
(4)
communication?
Present their geometry and feed methods.
Answer Key :
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Explanation
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(12)
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Diagram
3.(b) Write detailed notes on :
YEAR/SEM : III/VI
(4)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(4)
Diagram
(2&1)for each
4.(a) Describe :
(i) Radiation from the open end of a co-axial line. (AU MJ 2013)(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Diagram
(ii)Radiation from a rectangular apertu
source.
(6)
(2)
(8)(AU MJ 2013)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(6)
Diagram
(2)
5.Explain how a parabolic antenna gives a highly directional pattern. What are the
practical
application of Such
antenna?
(AU MJ 2011) (16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
6.Explain the radiation mechanism of slot antenna and the geometry of cassegrain feed.
(AU ND 2012) (16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
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Diagram
7.Explain the radiation mechanism of slot antenna with
diagram
11
YEAR/SEM : III/VI
(4)
(AU AM 2011)
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
8.Explain the special features of reflector antenna and discuss on different types of feed
(AU AM 2011)
used with neat diagram.
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
(AU MJ 2012)
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
10.Describe the working of slot and reflector antennas. Derive the expressions for the
(AU ND 2012)
radiation resistance of these antennas.
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
UNIT IV
SPECIAL ANTENNAS
PART A
1.What are the applications of Micro strip antenna?
(i)Satellite radio receivers
(ii)Broad Band Communications (wireless)
(iii)Air crafts
(AU AM 2011)
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(AU AM 2011)
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Far field Measurement : The Far field region or radiation field region is
the region at long distance(r>>)from an antenna.
When r is very large compared to ,the higher order terms of E & H
2
3
(i.e.,)1/r and 1/r can be neglected with respect to 1/r. Therefore effectively only
two components E
and H are contributing to the radiation field
(AU MJ 2011)
Babinets principle states that when the added to the field of a complementary
structure, the sum is equal to the field when there is
not screen.
4.What is Yagi-Uda array?
(AU AM 2011)
(AU AM 2011)
(AU AM 2011)
(AU MJ 2013)
(AU MJ 2013)
(AU ND 2012)
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PART -B
1.Justify that Helical antenna is suitable for satellite bracking application and
explain
(AU MJ 2013)
different modes of operation with neat diagram.
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
2.How wide band reception is possible with log periodic dipole antenna.
Justify and Explain with neat sketch. (AU MJ 2013) (16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Diagram
Explanation
(6)
Diagram
Explanation
(6)
Diagram
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(8)
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Explanation
(12)
Diagram
6.(a)Explain various operating regions of log periodic antenna
(4)
(8)
(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(6)
Diagram
(2) for each
7.(a) Explain the need for three elements in Yagi array and the relation
between apex angle,
scale constant and spacing in log
(AU ND 2012)
periodic array
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(10)
Diagram
(6)
8. Compare resonant and non-resonant antennas and explain the
constructional details of
(AU ND 2012)
rhombic antenna
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(10)
Diagram
(6)
9.With a suitable diagram, discuss the design and operation of Biconical
antenna.
(AU ND 2012)
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Diagram
10.
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
Answer Key :
Explanation
(10)
Diagram
(6)
UNIT V
RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
PART A
1.Define maximum usable frequency.
2011)
(AU AM
muf
= fc 1+d /4h
(AU AM
(AU MJ
muf
= fc 1+d /4h
d = Skip distance
h= Height of the layer from ground
4.Define virtual height of an antenna.
2011)
(AU MJ
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(AU AM
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(AU AM 2011)
(AU AM 2011)
(AU AM 2011)
(AU AM 2011)
(AU MJ 2011)
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PART B
1.(i)Radio waves projected towards the atmosphere do not return if the
frequency is raised above a particular frequency which also changes with the
angle of projection .Explain. (10)
(ii)How magnetic field affects the Ionospheric wave propagation. (AU MJ
2013) (6)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Diagram
2.(i)What are the significance of the terms :
(8)
(12)
(4)
(AU MJ 2013)
(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(4)
Diagram
(4)
3.(i) Obtain the effective dielectric constant of Ionized region of sky wave
propagation.(8)
(ii)Discuss on reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally Polarized
waves for
(AU MJ 2013)
space wave propagation (8)
(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
(4) Bring out important features of ground wave propagation. Discuss on
attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation. Calculate the field
strength at a distance.
(AU MJ 2013)
(16)
Answer Key :
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
Explanation
(12)
calculation
(4)
(AU
Answer Key :
Calculation
Explanation
(6)With reference to sky waves, explain the following.
(12)
(4)
(AU MJ 2011)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
(8)Explain the role of dielectric constant of ionized gas and briefly discuss
the atmospheric
(AU ND 2012)
ducts.
(16)
Answer Key :
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
(9) Explain the various layers of ionosphere and Ionospheric abnormalities.
(AU ND 2012)
(16)
Answer Key :
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YEAR/SEM : III/VI
Explanation
(12)
Diagram
(4)
(10)(i) Explain maximum usable frequency and show how to calculate it. (AU
ND 2012)(8)
Answer Key :
Explanation
Diagram
(6)
Diagram
(2)
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