Fire Protection

High Rise Buildings

Determined by length of fire ladder
Around 75 feet
Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over 100 floors and there
designs are coordinated by the local fire departments and fire
marshals.
Consideration for interior materials is paramount
Codes and structural components need to meet National Fire Codes.

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Wet Sprinkler System
Dry Sprinkler System
Deluge Sprinkler System
Pre-Action Sprinkler System

Wet pipe sprinkler systems

Most installed
Most reliable
Simple
Only operating components being the automatic sprinklers
An automatic water supply provides water under pressure to the
system piping.

Wet Systems

Water is in branch lines and at the sprinkler heads at all times

Wet Systems cannot be in areas that may freeze

Water pressure must be maintained at all times

Water Pumps are put in place to keep water pressure at a certain PSI

There is no delay in time that water is put on the fire

Require the least amount of maintenance

Dry pipe systems

Dry pipe systems installed where temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe
system.

Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings, in parking
garages, in outside canopies attached to heated buildings
Dry Sprinkler System

Require Air Pressure instead of water in the Branch Lines

The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper Valve, so that water can not be
introduced
into the system, unless the air pressure is lost

Used in areas that may freeze

An air compressor keeps a constant pressure in the system

When a Fire releases a sprinkler head, the air is released from the
piping, and stops holding down the valve that was holding the water back,
and water is released
PRE ACYION SPINKLERS

Pipes are not filled with water,

All sprinkler heads are of the standard type (they are closed),

A detection device opens a water valve,

Water fills the pipes,

Water only flows from a sprinkler head if it is opened by heat from a fire,
Water flows until shut off and system is reset.

Fusible Link Sprinklers vs. Glass Bulb Sprinklers

All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb
that contains a heat-sensitive liquid.

A fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a
heat-sensitive alloy.

Water is only released by sprinkler heads where the ambient temperature

reaches a specified level

Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small glass reservoir that holds a heatsensitive liquid.

This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place.

When the ambient temperature of the liquid reaches a certain level, the liquid
expands causing the glass bulb to break, which allows the pip cap to fall
away releasing water.
Deluge

Deluge Valves are used in special areas

Sprinkler heads are open at all times

Used in High Hazard areas

Deluge Valve opens during a smoke or

heat detection

Deluge systems are needed where high velocity suppression is

necessary

Sprinkler heads are the key components of the system,

Heads must be suitable in design, performance, application and

temperature for type of property it is protecting,

Standard heads are marked with SSU (standard sprinkler upright) or

SSP (standard sprinkler pendent) on the deflector,

Side wall heads may be pendent, upright, or horizontal

The typical sprinkler head is activated by heat (temperature),

opens when a triggering action occurs,

a frangible bulb breaks (color indicates temperature setting),

a fusible link melts,

water flows when head is opened,

water is manually shut off,

once activated, head must be replace,

Types of Sprinkler Heads

PendantS

Uprights

Sidewalls

Concealed

Special Coverage

FIE DECTORESARE:-

Alarms:- Audible bell or horn alarm recommended Flashing strobe optional

Lighting:- Metal halide

Telemetering :- Typical control panel with telemetering

Flame detectors

Heat detectors

or mercury

vapor lamps recommended

Smoke detectors