Dimensioning Tables ENG Low 1

Advice for the use of the tables
Differently from the previous tables, the system does not contains the so called allowed load
values that were used before, but two types of load values according to Eurocode (ENV 1993-1-3).
In one group of tables that can be found on the left side of the booklet, loads are calculated for the
ultimate limit state, in the other group of tables, on the right side of the booklet, we can find the
load values calculated for the serviceability limit state referring to different deflections.
Within the above separation two types of table groups are published for each corrugated sheet
with loading data depending on the positive or negative placement of the sheets. In practise, it
means that either the narrow (positive) or the wide (negative) flanges of the sheets are laid onto
the support.
Each table group contains three tables, depending on the supporting method with the loading data
for the single span, two span and three span model.
In each table referring to the serviceability limit state the first column contains the measure of
deflection, and the first row means the length of a span. In the point of intersection the maximum
loading value can be read in kN/m2. Naturally, in the tables referring to the ultimate limit state
there are no deflection data.
For the calculation of the capacity of the sheet the foreseeable maximum loading must be
determined. In case of slabs this value must contain the following basic data:
- official meteorological loads for the given zone (see the manual)
- weight of the insulation and other different layers on the sheet
- mechanical and other loads hanged on the sheet.
Here it is marked that the values of the tables do not contain the self weight of the sheets, therefore
it should not be considered in the calculation of the loads!
Referring to the above data the following safety factors must be considered:
in case of permanent loads:
- for ultimate limit state: 1,35
- for serviceability limit state: 1,00
in case of variable loads:
- for ultimate limit state: 1,50
- for serviceability limit state: 1,00
By multiplying and adding the load values we receive the expected total loading. In the tables the
value which is closest to but greater than the result can be found. This is the maximum loading of
the sheet for a given span and thickness; or the maximum loading matching the given deflection, in
case of serviceability limit state. In case if the sheet is not adequate for a given height of corrugation
or for the thickness or span, the values referring to the greater height of corrugation can be correct.
In the dimensioning process both the load values for the ultimate and the serviceability limit states
must be checked!
In the calculation of load values for walls the officially accepted positive or negative values of wind
pressure for the given zone should be considered.
Manual for the use of Eurocode

In this manual the most important information for the calculation according to the Eurocode is summed
up. The process of the calculation is shown through an example, too.
1. The dimensioning process

The adequacy of the structure must be shown for two types of limit states during the calculation:
1. for the ultimate limit state (failure analysis), and
2. for the serviceability limit state (deflection analysis).
Simplified checking for the load bearing structures of buildings:
in case of one variable effect:

in case of more variable effects:
g*Gk + 1,5*Qk1
g*Gk + 1,35* Qk
Generally the value of g is 1,35, but if the effect of the self-weight is advantageous (e.g. in case of
dimensioning roof sheets for wind suction, the value of g is 1,00.
Checking of load bearing structures of buildings for serviceability limit state with a simplified method:
Gk + Qk1 (one variable effect)
Gk + 0,9 * Qk (more variable effects)
The most common loads while dimensioning Rannila trapezoidal sheets and cassettes are snow load and
wind load. Therefore we describe the definition of these loads in details.
2. Definition of the snow load

Those described in this chapter are not applicable for the following cases:
at more than 1500m above sea level
for impact load caused by the sliding snow from roof
for ice and snow loads caused by the blockage of gutter
for areas where snow is present during the whole year
for ice load
for rain load falling on snow
Determination of the value of snow load:
s = i*Ce*Ct*sk
where
i form factor for snow load
sk characteristic value of snow load on the surface (kN/m2)
Ce reduction factor from the effect of the wind, generally 1,0
Ct thermal factor, generally 1,0
The direction of the snow load is vertical and it refers to the horizontal plan of the roof.
The characteristic value of the snow load on the surface:
sk = 0,25*(1+A/100) kN/m2
where A is the height of the ground level above the sea in [m], but the condition bellow must be fulfilled
in Hungary:
on Dunntl (zone I.):
on other parts of the country (zone II.):
sk > 1,25 kN/m2

sk > 1,00 kN/m2
Form factors and load arrangements for certain roof types are contained by the following figures:
Pitched roofs
Form factors of the snow load of pitched roofs are contained by the following graph and table:
0 < < 15
15 < < 30
30 < < 60
> 60
1 form factor
0,8
0,8
0,8*(60-)/30
2 form factor
0,8
0,8+0,6*(-15)/30
1,1*(60-)/30
Roof slope
Among the following load cases the worst case should be considered:
Single-pitched roofs
Form factor of the snow load of single-pitched roofs is contained by the following table. The
determination of the values is based upon the assumption, that the sliding of the snow from the roof is
not hindered. If there is a parapet wall, snow barrier or other element that stops the move of the snow at
the lower edge of the roof, the form factor of the snow load must be at least 0,8.
Roof slope
1 form factor
0 < < 30
30 < < 60
> 60
0,8
0,8*(60-)/30
Two types of load arrangements must be taken into consideration:

-
uniform load arrangement (i)

half-sided load arrangement that acts on the more disadvantageous side of the roof with a value
of half of the full load intensity (ii)
Joined pitched roofs

In case of joined pitched roofs the worse case of the uniform and asymmetrical snow load determined
for the pitched roof, and the snow load calculated from snow accumulation given in the figure must be
taken into account.
The form factor of the snow load must be determined separately, in case at least one of the roof
surfaces joining to the valley of the joined pitched roofs has a slope greater than 60.
0 < < 15
30 < < 60
1 form factor
0,8
0,8*(60-)/30
2 form factor
0,8+0,8*/30
1,6
Roof slope
Form factors of the snow load at sudden change of height of roof

At sudden change of height of roof the worse case of the uniform and asymmetrical snow load
determined for the pitched roof, and the snow load calculated from snow accumulation given in the
figure must be taken into account.
On roofs with different levels snow accumulation is realized as a result of the effect of the wind and
the sliding of the snow from higher roof parts. The form factor of the snow load is determined by the
following formulas:
1 = 0,8 (assuming that the smaller roof is flat)
2 = s + w
where
s
form factor from the sliding of the snow
w
form factor from the effect of the wind
Determination:
If < 15:
s = 0
If > 15:
s can be determined from the extra snow load given by the 50% of the greatest snow load
determined for the pitched roofs of the neighboring higher roof.
w = (b1+b2)/2*h < *h/sk
with the following restriction:
0,8 < w < 4,0
where
is the bulk density of snow, its value can be 2 kN/m3 in this case
Length of the snow accumulation:
ls = 2*h
5 m < ls < 15 m
Note: If b2 < ls, the form factor on the edge of the lower roof can be determined with linear interpolation between 1 and 2,
and beyond the edge of the lower roof no snow load is to be assumed.
Snow accumulation behind protruding parts and obstacles

The form factor of the snow load and the length of the snow accumulation must be determined as
follows:
1 = 0,8,
2 = *h/sk
0,8 < 2 < 2,0
where
is the bulk density of snow, its value can be 2 kN/m3 in this case
Length of the snow accumulation:
ls = 2*h
5 m < ls < 15 m
3. Determination of the wind load

Wind pressure calculation in case of simplified procedure (this refers to such structures which are not
sensitive to dynamic excitation and to maximum 200m high buildings):
External pressure:
Internal pressure:
we = qref*ce(ze)*cpe
wi = qref*ce(zi)*cpi
where cpe, and cpi are the external and internal pressure factors.
The total wind pressure on the wall or structural element is the difference of the pressures acting on the
two surfaces. Pressure values must be taken with signs. (Pressure towards the surface is regarded as
positive and suction from the surface is regarded as negative.)
The reference value of the dynamic pressure must be calculated with the following formula:
qref = /2*vref2
(in N/m2)
where
- vref is the reference value of the wind speed which is 20 m/sec in Hungary
- is the density of the air, its value can be taken as 1,25 kg/m3
resulting qref = 0,25 kN/m2.
Determination of the location factor ce(z)
With the location factor, ce(z) the roughness of the surface, the topography and the height above ground
level can be taken into account.
The EC distinguishes the following built up area categories:
I. Open sea; at least 5 km long lake in the direction of the wind; uniform, plain land without obstacles
II. Agricultural area with fences, scattered with agricultural buildings, houses or trees
III. Suburban or industrial zones; forests
IV. Urban zone where there are buildings on at least 15% of the land, with the average height of 15m
In case of plane surface the value of the location factor, ce(z) as a function of the height above the ground
level, z and the built up area category can be obtained from the following graph:
The location factor, ce(z) as a function of the height above the ground level, z and the built up area category,
in case of ct = 1
Determination of the external pressure factor
In case of buildings and parts of buildings the value of the external pressure factor, cpe is the function
of the A loaded area. In the tables for the different cases, values for 1m2 and 10m2 (cpe,1 and cpe,10) are
given. (The loaded area is the surface of the structure, which is considered for the determination of the
wind effect.) In case of different sizes of area, the external pressure factor, cpe can be obtained from the
following graph.
Note: The figure shows the following function:

cpe = cpe,1
cpe = cpe,1 + (cpe,10 - cpe,1)*log10 A
cpe = cpe,10
if A < 1 m2;
if 1 m2 < A < 10 m2;
if 10 m2 < A.
Both vertical walls and roofs must be divided into zones and the factors must be determined with reference
to these zones.
Cpe,1 and cpe,10 values for the most loaded zones for different parts of buildings can be found in the tables
bellow.
9
Vertical walls
Zone
d/h
<1
>4
cpe,10
cpe,1
cpe,10
cpe,1
cpe,10
cpe,1
-1,0
-1,0
-1,3
-1,3
-0,8
-0,8
-1,0
-1,0
0,8
0,6
1,0
1,0
Flat roofs
F
Rectangular
eaves
Parapet
10
hp/h = 0,025
hp/h = 0,05
hp/h = 0,10
cpe,10
cpe,1
-1,8
-1,6
-1,4
-1,2
-2,5
-2,2
-2,0
-1,8
Single-pitched roofs
Roof
slope
5
15
F ( = 0)
cpe,10
cpe,1
F ( = 180)
cpe,10
cpe,1
F ( = 90)
cpe,10
cpe,1
-1,7
-0,9
-2,5
-2,0
-2,3
-2,5
-2,5
-2,8
-1,6
-1,3
-2,2
-2,0
-1,5
-1,1
-2,3
-1,2
-2,0
0,7
0,7
0,8
-0,6
-0,5
-0,5
-1,3
-1,0
-1,0
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-2,0
-2,0
-2,0
0,2
30
-0,5
0,7
45
60
75
0,7
0,7
0,8
11
Pitched roofs
Roof
slope
-45
-30
-15
-5
5
15
F ( = 0)
cpe,10
cpe,1
-0,6
-1,1
-2,5
-2,3
-1,7
-0,9
F ( = 90)
cpe,10
cpe,1
-2,0
-2,8
-2,5
-2,5
-2,0
-1,4
-1,5
-1,9
-1,8
-1,6
-1,3
-2,0
-2,1
-2,5
-2,5
-2,2
-2,0
-1,5
-1,1
-1,5
0,7
0,7
0,8
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,5
-1,5
-1,5
0,2
30
-0,5
0,7
45
60
75
12
0,7
0,7
0,8
Determination of the internal pressure factor

Values of internal pressure factors, cpi for buildings without partition-walls are given as a function of the
opening ratio, by the figure bellow.
= the total area of the openings on the sheltered side and the sides parallel to the wind / the total area
of the openings on all sides
Extreme values of the internal pressure factor, cpi can be applied in case of closed buildings with partitionwalls, and openable windows. The values are as follows:
cpi = 0,8, and cpi = -0,5
13
4. Example for practice

Let us determine the type of the wall cassette and the trapezoidal sheet of the roof for the hall structure
with the following parameters:
The geometry of the hall:
b = 40 m
d = 80 m
h = 8,0 m
= 15
Further circumstances of the construction:

The new, pitched-roofed hall will be built in Zalaegerszeg, on plain surface in the local industrial zone. Each
side of the hall is closed; there are 5x5 m doors on the shorter sides, and no openings on the longer sides.
Side walls are fixed to frames with 6,0 m spacing; purlins on the roof are placed by 2,0 m.
Determination of the loads of the roof sheet
- self weight:
At first, let us assume the use of RAN 35 trapezoidal sheet with 0,75 mm thickness. Attention! The self
weight of the sheet should not be considered when determining the loads, because the values in the
tables are without the self weight of the sheet as well!
- sum of the loads of the different layers (insulation, etc.) and the mechanical loads hanged on the sheet:
glay = 0,30 kN/m2
- snow load:
Height above the sea level at site: A = 300 m
Characteristic value of the snow load:
sk = 0,25*(1+ 300/100) = 1,0 kN/m2,
but since the structure is built on Dunntl, therefore
sk = 1,25 kN/m2
14
Form factor for pitched roof with = 15 slope:

= 0,8
value of the snow load:
s = 1,00 kN/m2
- wind load:
The reference value of the dynamic pressure in Hungary is as follows:
qref = 0,25 kN/m2
Determination of the location factor, ce with the help of graph on page 9:
(z = 8,0 m, built up area category: III.)
ce = 1,63
Determination of the external pressure factor:
Wind direction = 0
Dimensions of the most loaded zone (F) for pitched roofs:

e = min (b, 2h) = 16 m;
e/4 = 4,0 m;
e/10 = 1,6 m
Size of the loaded area: A = 4,0*1,6 = 6,4 m2

1 < A < 10, therefore cpe = cpe,1+ (cpe,10- cpe,1)*log10A = 0,1938* cpe,1+0,8062* cpe,10
Cpe,1 and cpe,10 values can be found in the table for pitched roofs:
cpe = 0,1938*(-2,0)+0,8062*(-0,9) = -1,11 (suction)
and
cpe = 0,1938*(+0,2)+0,8062*(+0,2) = +0,20 (pressure)
15
Determination of the internal pressure factor:

Total area of the openings on the sheltered side and the sides parallel to the wind: A1=2*5*5 = 50 m2
Total area of the openings on all sides: A2 = 50 m2
= A1/A2 = 1
Internal pressure factor:
suction: cpi = -0,5
Thus the added values of wind load:

w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,11+0,5) = -0,25 kN/m2
w(+) = 0,25*1,63*(+0,20+0,5) = 0,29 kN/m2
Wind direction = 90
External pressure factor:

cpe = 0,1938*(-2,0)+0,8062*(-1,3) = -1,44 (suction)
Determination of the internal pressure factor:
Total area of the openings on the sheltered side and the sides parallel to the wind: A1=5*5 = 25 m2
Total area of the openings on all sides: A2 = 50 m2
= A1/A2 = 0,5
pressure: cpi = +0,15

w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,44-0,15) = -0,65 kN/m2
Note: Design loads are highlighted with bold characters.
16
Checking of the load bearing capacity of the roof sheet

For wind pressure (positive placement):
g*Gk + 1,5*Qk1
p = 1,35*0,30+1,5*1,00 = 1,91 kN/m2
in case of more variable effects:
g*Gk + 1,35* Qk
p = 1,35*0,30+1,35*(1,00+0,29) = 2,15 kN/m2

The trapezoid sheet must be checked for the latter value:
Maximum load value from the table:
2,99 kN/m2 > 2,15 kN/m2
ok
Suction (negative placement):
considering only the variable effect of the wind suction: g*Gk + 1,5*Qk1
p = 1,00*0,30-1,5*0,65 = -0,68 kN/m2

3,56 kN/m2 > 0,68 kN/m2 ok
Deflection check
Calculating with the basic values of loads:
p = 1,00*0,30+0,90*(1,0+0,29) = 1,46 kN/m2
Maximum load value from the table for L/250 deflection limit:
2,26 kN/m2 > 1,46 kN/m2 ok
Determination of the loads of the side walls
Let us use Rannila C125 cassettes with 0,75 mm thickness as 6,0 m long single-spanned structures!
- wind load:
qref = 0,25 kN/m2
ce = 1,63
17
Wind direction = 0
Determination of the external pressure factor:

Dimensions of the most loaded zone (A, at the corners of the hall) for vertical walls:
e/5 = 3,2 m;
h = 8,0 m
Size of the loaded area: A = 3,2*8,0 = 25,6 m2

10 < A, therefore cpe = cpe,10
Cpe,10 values can be found in the table for side walls:
cpe = -1,0 (suction, A zone)
and
cpe = +0,80 (pressure, D zone)
For your information, cpe factor for the next most loaded area, B:
cpe = -0,8 (suction, B zone)
Here, in principle, the thickness of the wall cassette could be reduced.
suction: cpi = -0,5

A zone:
D zone:
B zone:
18
w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,00+0,5) = -0,20 kN/m2

w(+) = 0,25*1,63*(+0,80+0,5) = 0,53 kN/m2
w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-0,8+0,5) = -0,12 kN/m2
Wind direction = 90
The external pressure factor similarly to the previous case:

cpe = -1,0 (suction, A zone)
cpe = +0,80 (pressure, D zone)
cpe = -0,8 (suction, B zone)
pressure: cpi = +0,15

A zone:
D zone:
B zone:
w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,00-0,15) = -0,47 kN/m2

w(+) = 0,25*1,63*(+0,80-0,15) = 0,26 kN/m2
w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-0,8-0,15) = -0,39 kN/m2
Note: Design loads are highlighted with bold characters.
Checking of the load bearing capacity of the side wall

For pressure:
1,5*Qk1
p = 1,5*0,53 = 0,80 kN/m2

0,85 kN/m2 > 0,80 kN/m2 ok
For suction:
p =1,5*(-0,47) = -0,71 kN/m2
1,17 kN/m2 > 0,71 kN/m2
ok
19
Deflection check
Calculating with the basic values of loads:
p = 1,00*(-0,47) = -0,47 kN/m2
Maximum load value from the table for L/150 deflection limit:
0,83 kN/m2 > 0,47 kN/m2
20
ok
Dimensioning tables for Rannila

trapezoidal sheets and wall cassettes
19
4 x 287,5 = 1150
17,5
20
Ultimate limit state (for calculation of load bearing capacity)
(loads calculated with extreme values, without the self weight of the sheet)
22
19
4 x 287,5 = 1150
17,5
20
Serviceability limit state (for calculation of deflection)
(loads calculated with basic values, without the self weight of the sheet)
23
19
20
4 x 287,5 = 1150
17,5
24
19
20
4 x 287,5 = 1150
17,5
25
20

26
20
27
20

28
20
29
35
30
35

31
35

32
35

33
40

34
40
35
40

36
40
37
85
38
85
39
85

40
85
41
153

42
153
43
153

44
153
45
100
pressure
100
suction
46
100
pressure
100
suction
47
125
pressure
125
suction
48
125
pressure
125
suction
49
150
pressure
150
suction
50
150
pressure
150
suction
51
CONTACT INFORMATION
52

Dimensioning Tables ENG Low 1

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Dimensioning Tables ENG Low 1

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Advice for the use of the tables

Manual for the use of Eurocode

1. The dimensioning process

in case of one variable effect:

2. Definition of the snow load

sk > 1,25 kN/m2

Two types of load arrangements must be taken into consideration:

uniform load arrangement (i)

Joined pitched roofs

Form factors of the snow load at sudden change of height of roof

with the following restriction:

0,8 < w < 4,0

Length of the snow accumulation:

with the following restriction:

Snow accumulation behind protruding parts and obstacles

with the following restriction:

0,8 < 2 < 2,0

Length of the snow accumulation:

with the following restriction:

3. Determination of the wind load

Note: The figure shows the following function:

Determination of the internal pressure factor

4. Example for practice

Further circumstances of the construction:

Form factor for pitched roof with = 15 slope:

Dimensions of the most loaded zone (F) for pitched roofs:

Size of the loaded area: A = 4,0*1,6 = 6,4 m2

Determination of the internal pressure factor:

suction: cpi = -0,5

Thus the added values of wind load:

External pressure factor:

pressure: cpi = +0,15

Thus the added values of wind load:

Checking of the load bearing capacity of the roof sheet

in case of one variable effect:

p = 1,35*0,30+1,5*1,00 = 1,91 kN/m2

in case of more variable effects:

p = 1,35*0,30+1,35*(1,00+0,29) = 2,15 kN/m2

2,99 kN/m2 > 2,15 kN/m2

Suction (negative placement):

p = 1,00*0,30-1,5*0,65 = -0,68 kN/m2

3,56 kN/m2 > 0,68 kN/m2 ok

Determination of the external pressure factor:

Size of the loaded area: A = 3,2*8,0 = 25,6 m2

suction: cpi = -0,5

Thus the added values of wind load:

w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,00+0,5) = -0,20 kN/m2

The external pressure factor similarly to the previous case:

pressure: cpi = +0,15

Thus the added values of wind load:

w(-) = 0,25*1,63*(-1,00-0,15) = -0,47 kN/m2

Note: Design loads are highlighted with bold characters.

Checking of the load bearing capacity of the side wall

in case of one variable effect:

p = 1,5*0,53 = 0,80 kN/m2

0,85 kN/m2 > 0,80 kN/m2 ok

1,17 kN/m2 > 0,71 kN/m2

Dimensioning tables for Rannila

Ultimate limit state (for calculation of load bearing capacity)

Serviceability limit state (for calculation of deflection)

Ultimate limit state (for calculation of load bearing capacity)

Serviceability limit state (for calculation of deflection)

Ultimate limit state (for calculation of load bearing capacity)

Serviceability limit state (for calculation of deflection)

p = 1,350,30+1,51,00 = 1,91 kN/m2

p = 1,350,30+1,35(1,00+0,29) = 2,15 kN/m2

p = 1,000,30-1,50,65 = -0,68 kN/m2

w(-) = 0,251,63(-1,00+0,5) = -0,20 kN/m2

w(-) = 0,251,63(-1,00-0,15) = -0,47 kN/m2