Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Daniel
Brown
Perspec1ve:
leaving
more
ques1ons
than
answers
What
to
read:
pages
3-126
+
xi-xv
Resources:
pages
xiii-xv
The
Encyclopaedia
of
Islam
RRE perspec1ve
Revela1on
Received
by
the
prophet
God
speaks
But
some
srahs
have
another
speaker
(Gabriel,
Muhamad,
)
Muhammad
illiterate
But
literacy
presupposed
Memoriza1on
Great
linguis1c
dierences
Unity
Evolu1on,
abroga1on
Revisionists
Fragmentary
character
Variants,
reports
on
abroga1on
Logia/sayings
Elabora1on
and
standardiza1on
Linguis1c
analysis
Chris1an
model
Syriac
language
Sources
I
Pre-islamic
rhyme
prose
Oral
culture
Heroic,
pessimis1c,
bravery
and
loss
Communal
genealogical
iden1ty
Classical
rhetorical
Arabic
Sources
II
Jewish
tradi1on
Jewish
communi1es
Prophe1c
heritage
as
iden1ty
Reading
of
divine
words
qaraa
to
read:
iqra
(impera1ve)
Sources
III
Chris1anity
Debated
Non-orthodox
Chris1anity
Evidence
for
Chris1an
communi1es
?
Chris1an
monks
of
the
desert
?
Irfan Shahid
John
Wansborough,
Michael
Cook,
Patricia
Crone
Sources
III
Chris1anity
Chris1an
communi1es,
Makka,
Ukaz,
Najran
Characteris1cs
Interpreta1on
of
the
Meanings
of
the
Noble
Qur'an
(1999)
by
Darussalam
(rst
published
1977)
is
translated
by
Muhammad
Muhsin
Khan
and
Muhammad
Taqi-ud-Din
al-Hilali.
This
transla1on
is
among
the
most
widely
read
transla1ons
in
the
world,
primarily
because
it
is
the
ocially
promoted
transla1on
of
the
Saudi
Government.
The
Qur'an
(1999)
by
Mohammedali
Habib
Shakir
is
an
English
transla1on
directed
towards
Shia
Muslims.
It
is
published
in
New
York
by
Tahirke
Tarsile
Qur'an.
The
Noble
Qur'an:
A
New
Rendering
of
Its
Meaning
in
English
(1999)
by
Abdalhaqq
Bewley
and
Aisha
Bewley.
The
husband-and-wife
team
behind
this
transla1on
are
disciples
of
Abdalqadir
as-Su.
They
have
also
translated
the
Muwa]a
of
Imam
Malik,
Tafsir
al-Qurtubi,
and
the
Ash-Shifa
of
Qadi
Iyad.
The
Quran:
A
Poe1c
Transla1on
(1999),
a
recent
work
by
the
Iranian-born
lecturer,
translator
and
linguist
Fazlollah
Nikayin,
a]empts
a
poe1c
rendering
of
the
Qur'an.
Transla1on
and
Commentary
on
The
Holy
Quran
(2000),
a
1,256
page
work
by
the
Indian-Bengali
translator
Dr.
Zohurul
Hoque.
The
Majes1c
Qur'an:
An
English
Rendi1on
of
Its
Meanings
(2000)
was
translated
by
a
commi]ee
that
included
the
Cambridge
professor
Timothy
Winter,
the
American
Muslim
writer
Uthman
Hutchinson,
and
Mostafa
al-Badawi.
It
is
published
by
Starlatch
Press.
The
Qur'an
in
Persian
and
English
(Bilingual
Edi1on,
2001)
features
an
English
transla1on
by
the
Iranian
poet
and
author
Tahere
Saarzadeh.
The
Qur'an
(2002),
by
the
UK-based
Afghan-born
writer
M.
J.
Gohari,
is
an
Oxford
Logos
Society
imprint.
The
Tajwidi
Qur'an
(2003)
is
a
transla1on
by
an
American
Muslim
convert,
Nooruddeen
Durkee.
It
presents
the
Arabic
text
using
a
romanized
translitera1on
system
that
allows
English-speaking
readers
to
pronounce
the
Arabic.
The
English
transla1on
is
an
amalgama1on
of
other
transla1ons.
The
Quran
with
an
English
Paraphrase
(2003),
a
transla1on
by
Indian-born
Sayyid
Ali
Quli
Qara'i,
is
an
imprint
of
the
Iranian
Centre
for
Transla1on
of
the
Holy
Qur'an.
The
Qur'an:
A
New
Transla1on
(2004)
by
a
well-known
California-based
translator
of
numerous
Buddhist
works,
Dr.
Thomas
Cleary.
Based
on
an
earlier,
par1al
transla1on,
which
was
highly
praised
by
the
famous
American
Muslim
scholar
Hamza
Yusuf
The
Qur'an
(2004),
by
M.A.S.
Abdel-Haleem,
is
published
by
Oxford
World
Classics.
The
Quran:
A
Reformist
Transla1on
(2007),
is
a
recent
transla1on
by
the
team
of
Edip
Yuksel,
Layth
Saleh
al-Shaiban,
and
Martha
Schulte-Nafeh.
They
claim
to
oer
a
non-sexist
understanding
of
the
text.
The
Sublime
Qur'an
(2007)
is
by
the
Chicago-based
scholar
Laleh
Bakh1ar,
an
American
Shi'a.
The
Qur'an
(2007),
a
recent
transla1on
by
the
re1red
Oxford
University
lecturer
and
Arabist
Alan
Jones.
The
Qur'an
with
Annotated
Interpreta1on
in
Modern
English
(2007)
by
Ali
nal.
The
translator
is
a
member
of
the
Glen
Movement,
a
Turkish
Islamic
group.
Quran
Made
Easy
(2007)
is
a
transla1on
by
Muai
Afzal
Hoosen
Elias.
The
Meaning
of
the
Noble
Qur'an
(with
Explanatory
Notes
in
two
volumes)
(2007)
is
a
transla1on
by
Jus1ce
Maulana
Muhammad
Taqi
Usmani.
The
Gracious
Qur'an:
A
Modern
Phrased
Interpreta1on
in
English
(2008)
by
Dr.
Ahmad
Zaki
Hammad,
of
Egypt's
Al-Azhar
University.
The
Message
-
A
Transla1on
of
the
Glorious
Qur'an
(2008)
was
translated
by
the
Monotheis1c
Group,
which
claims
to
be
a
group
of
progressive
Muslims.
The
Qur'an:
A
New
Transla1on
(2008)
by
Tarif
Khalidi,
a
professor
of
Islamic
Studies
at
the
American
University
of
Beirut.
The
transla1on
is
published
by
Penguin
Classics.
The
Generous
Quran
(2009)
is
a
transla1on
by
Usama
Dakdok.
The
Quran:
Transla1on
and
Commentary
with
Parallel
Arabic
Text
(2009)
by
Maulana
Wahiduddin
Khan.
Published
in
India.
Irfan
ul
Quran
(2009)
is
a
transla1on
by
the
Pakistani
scholar
Muhammad
Tahir-ul-Qadri.
It
was
released
together
with
an
Urdu
transla1on
of
the
same
name
by
Minhaj-ul-Quran
Publica1ons.
The
Holy
Qur'an:
Guidance
for
Life
(2010)
is
a
transla1on
by
the
American
Muslim
writer
Yahiya
Emerick,
who
has
also
published
the
Complete
Idiot's
Guide
to
Understanding
Islam.
The
Qur'an
(2011),
translated
into
American
English
by
the
Bangalore
resident
Nazeer
Ahmed.
The
Glorious
Qur'an
(2011)
is
a
transla1on
by
the
Pakistani
scholar
Muhammad
Tahir-ul-Qadri.
It
was
published
in
the
UK
by
Minhaj-ul-Quran
Publica1ons.
The
Qur'an
as
It
Explains
Itself
(5th
edi1on,
Mar
2012)
is
a
transla1on
by
Dr.
Shabbir
Ahmed
that
a]empts
to
explain
Qur'anic
verses
by
cross-references
within
the
Qur'an.[2]
The
Wise
Qur'an:
A
Modern
English
Transla1on
(2012)
is
a
transla1on
by
the
Chicago-based
writer
and
lecturer
Dr.
Assad
Nimer
Busool.
Quran
in
English:
Clear
and
Easy
to
Read
(2012).
Translated
by
Talal
Itani.
Published
by
ClearQuran.
What
is
in
the
Quran?
Message
of
the
Quran
in
Simple
English
(2013).
Translated
by
Professor
Abdur
Raheem
Kidwai,
Aligarh
Muslim
University.
Published
by
Viva
Books,
New
Delhi,
India.
ISBN
978-81-309-2363-5.
Characteris1cs
Proclama1on
Characteris1cs
Proclama1on
Communal message
Characteris1cs
Proclama1on
Communal message
Sura 99-102
Major themes
One
God
Unity:
tawhd
Covenant
Submission
(aslama
=
to
submit)
Judgement
Ritual
purity
Community
Stewardship
and
rule
Interpreta1on
-
tafsr
Three
major
forms
Legal implica1ons
The
hadth
The
legal
schools
Sura
1
" % ' )*
(
" % ' )*
(
The
path
of
those
upon
whom
Thou
hast
bestowed
favors.
Not
(the
path)
of
those
upon
whom
Thy
wrath
is
brought
down,
nor
of
those
who
go
astray.
Sura 96