Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRELIM
AC GENERATOR
Use Flemings hand rules to determine the directions of magnetic field, motion and
current.
State the range of voltage and frequency at which ships electrical power is generated
MAIN GENERATOR
Electrical power: 100KW - 3MW
Voltage & Frequency: 440V at 60Hz or 380V at 50Hz
OFFSHORE VESSELS:
Voltage & Frequency: 3.3KV, 6.6KV & 11KV at 60Hz
EMERGENCY GENERATOR
Electrical power: 20KW - 200KW
Voltage & Frequency: 440V - 220V at 60Hz
State that the A.C. Voltages normally given are root mean square values and that all
Vpeak = Vrms( 2 )
Describe in simple terms an A.C. Generator with three-phase windings, stating the
phase difference
AC Generator has 3 sets of coil called phase winding located in slots in the
stator surrounding the rotating field. The emf induced in each phase is 120deg out of
phase with the other phase. Phase winding is labeled as R-S-T or U-V-W coded in
Red-Yellow-Blue
The excitation of the rotor is produced by the current passing through its winding
which is supplied exciter.
Residual current self excited
Battery/small gen separately excited
Describe how a generator is cooled
AIR COOLER- delivers pressurized air by means of a fan on the rotor shaft forcing it
through ventilation ducts in the stator core, between rotor poles and through the
air gap between stator and rotor
WATER COOLING- the one that cools the circulating air if the generator has large
power rating
Lists the parts of a generator fitted with temperature alarms
Stator windings
Bearings
Cooling air/water of the generator
Manual/ Hand trimmer - fitted in the generator control panel to set the voltage level.
Explain such sources of supply can be run in parallel and those which cannot
Main Generator Units (steam, turbo, diesel & shaft) - have to run in parallel to
share a total load that exceeds the capacity of a single generator for simplicity &
security.
Emergency generator & Shore supply- cannot be shunted to Main Generator Units
for it circuit breaker interlocks which are arranged to prevent such. Emergency
Generator low capacity. Shore supply High capacity.
Perform and describe the synchronizing sequence to bring a generator into service in
parallel
Manual load sharing- achieved by raising the governor setting of the incoming
generator and lowering the setting of the running generator until balance of power is
dictated by the governor droop of each generator.
Either perform the procedure, or describe how to reduce the load on a generator and
necessary safeguards
The emergency board in normal operation is supplied from the main board by a
cable called interconnector or bus-tie. The necessary safeguard are the special interlocks
in the control circuit of the circuit breakers at each end of the interconnector to prevent
parallel running.
Describe the situation where the emergency generator would be started up
emergency generator
The rotor will slip causing the shaft speed to be about 25 rev/s or 1440 rpm no-load.
While on on-load running condition a single-phase induction motor will run with greater
slip and operate with less efficiency than a three-phase version.
DC GENERATOR
Sketch, in diagrammatic form, the basic circuit for a D.C. Generator
On a given drawing or an actual generator, identify the field poles, yoke, shoe, field
LAP WINDING
#Parallel Paths = #Poles = #Brushes
For High Current, low Voltage Machines
WAVE WINDING
#Parallel = 2
For High Voltage, Low current
On an actual machine or by using a given diagram that shows the arrangement of a