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Level
Sprit or bubble levels don't measure specific units like a ruler, they
.compare the orientation of an object to the pull of gravity
Levels have two parts: The frame has broad, precisely machined flat
edges. Into the frame are set transparent tubes filled with dyed
alcohol and a small bit of air. When the tube is exactly perpendicular
to gravity the air bubble will float in the exact center of the tube,
.marked with a pair of fine lines
Typically levels have at least two bubble tubes, aligned at 90 to the
other, making it easy to gauge horizontal and vertical. Some models
have tubes set at 45 or other convenient angles. Using one is as
simple as laying it across what you need to level and wait for the
bubble to stop moving. If the bubble is offset to the left, adjust your
work clockwise until the bubble is centered. To the right, the make
adjustments counterclockwise. Make sure the surface and the level
.are both clean and free of debris or you'll get bad results
They're available in lengths from 2 inches to 8 feet. Longer usually
means more accurate, but it's also more expensive and it might not fit
where you need it. If you need to gauge level over a long distance (say
the width of a driveway) drive a stake on each side, tie a taut string
between them, and measure the levelness of the string, adjusting the
.string or stakes as necessary
Be careful handling levels. The flat sides are precisely machined and
small dings, dents, twists or bends will ruin them, and the
transparent tubes can be crushed. If you suspect your level is giving a
bad reading rotate it 180 (in any direction) and measure again. A
properly calibrated level will give the same measurement both ways.
Quality levels have screws near the spirit tubes that can be adjusted
.to fine tune the angle of the tube
:Pros
Easy to use. If kept in good repair they are very accurate and last
.forever
:Cons
Doesn't give an absolute measure of angles. (Though there are
combination protractor/levels that do). More fragile than many other
.construction tools
Use for: Small ones are handy for leveling paintings. Longer ones for
installing doors, windows, cabinets, and countertops. Also handy for
landscaping and pouring concrete so you can tell which direction
.water will drain
1.
Williams MS, Bechtold MA, LaBau VJ (1994). "Five instruments for measuring tree
heights: an evaluation". Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 18: 7682.