ISSN 2355-4721

Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

Hendro Kuntohadi
STMT Trisakti
stmt@indosat.net.id
hkuntohadi2011@gmail.com

Yosi Pahala
STMT Trisakti
stmt@indosat.net.id

Rohana Sitanggang
STMT Trisakti
stmt@indosat.net.id

ABSTRACT
Car drivers in Indonesia will always face many kinds of risks. This research contains
the context determination of this research, identifies all the significant risks, measures
the frequency and impact of all the risks, draws all the identified risks in the chart, and
describes how to manage or mitigate the risks. The dangerous risks which have high
frequency and high impact are: 1) Many car drivers get the driving license without taking
a driving course and without learning carefully the theory of driving a car; 2) Many
car drivers get the driving license through illegal procedure; 3) Many car manufacturers
eliminate some car safety equipment to lower the sales price; 4) The ingredients of the
gasoline cannot fulfill/match the need of the car (e.g. RON number); 5) In some places the
traffic is too crowded; 6) Many damaged roads may cause accidents; 7) Many roads and
transportation modes cannot fulfill the demands of transportation. The recommendation
(mitigation) for Risk Controlling is that all stakeholders (legislative, executive, judicative,
manufacturers, people, car drivers, schools and universities, researchers, etc) should obey
the regulations, moral, ethics for car riders. It is mandatory that every candidate of car
driver take a course in a certified car driving ourse. Police should arrange a complete and
comprehensive reference book for car driver candidates to get a driving license.
Keywords: Car Drivers and Risks.

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Introduction

bibliographical research (secondary data)

The result of an initial observation and field research (primary data). These
shows that the number of vehicles, are conducted by interviewing experienced
especially cars, has increased steadily people as informants and observing the
since last three years, whereas the road is situation in the field (observation).
still the same. The risk for car drivers in
Indonesia recently has increased in terms Results and Discussion
of its frequency, scale, and iimpact. It is
necessary for people of Indonesia to know 1. Risk Identification
what risks will happen to car drivers. They
To identify the risks faced by car
also need to know what causes the risks to drivers the Cause-Effect Diagram is used.
happen.
In this diagram causes and effects are
In general, the car drivers in described in terms of all the problems and
Indonesia face many risks, namely: 1. First their causes (Figure 1).
category, the risk caused by the condition
of the car drivers themselves. The example
for this category is the inappropriate way
of driving. The driving license (SIM) is
not obtained through formal procedure;
2. Second category, the risk caused by the
condition of the car driven. The example
for this category is using spareparts and
or accessories that are not fulfilling the
requirements; 3. Third category, the risk
caused by the operational condition that
much influences the drivers. The example
for this category is the traffic jam due to
so many vehicles passing through that they
make crowd.

Subsequently, Figure 2 shows the

Driving Manner of Car Drivers and the
Operational Condidtion of Traffic in
Jakarta.
The next description is about the
problems and the causes of risks faced by
car drivers (Table 1).
Subsequently, the risk mapping of
car drivers based on the category of human
resources, car, operation, and method
(Graphic 1).
Conclusion

1. The risks faced by car drivers in

Indonesia can be divided into four
categories:
a. Risk i: threatening the car drivers, it
frequently happens with big impact.
b. Risk ii: low frequency with big
impact.
c. Risk iii: high frequency but small
impact.
The aims of this research are: 1. To d. Risk iv: low frequency and small
know and analyze what risks faced by the
impact.
car drivers in Indonesia; 2. To know and 2. Most of the risks faced by car drivers
analyze the risk categories, especially from
in Indonesia happen in the category of
frequency of occurence whether the risks
risk I and risk II, where as not in the
seldom, sometimes, or frequently occur.
category III and IV.
Subsequently, 4. the fourth category,
that is called method, exemplified by the
issues of regulations and law enforcement.
The example cause of this risk is weak
law inforcement on the traffic regulations
breached by the drivers; and 5. The
problems and causes for all the categories
of risk mentioned above will be found
through a process of risk identification.

Subsequently, the risk is viewed 3. The causes of risk in category I (high

from its impact or cost to be incured to
frequency and big impact):
face it. The research methods used here are
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Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

a. The parking management nearby 4. Several causes of the risk in category II

streets is not optimal and not well(low frequency with big impact):
regulated.
a. The drivers consume drugs, are
b. The drivers carry excessive or
drunk, stay up late at night, etc.
overweight passengers/cargo.
Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan
dan Penyebabnya
b. TheMasalah/Akibat
drivers are not
so healthy, often
c. Too big volume
or too high traffic
sleepy,
etc. but they
keep driving.
Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan
Masalah/Akibat
dan Penyebabnya
1.PENGENDARA
MOBIL
frequency.
c. There are criminal actions on the
1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA
TIDAK BAGUS
1.PENGENDARA
d. Transport mode/type of vehicle,
street. MOBIL
1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA
2.MOBIL
road infrastructures have not been
TIDAK BAGUS
2.1.Kinerja Mobil
Tidak
Bagus
suitable with the plan
and need.
2.MOBIL

1.1.4.Kesehatan Kurang, Sering

1.1.1.Mengambil SIM
Mengantuk, dll
tidak melalui Kursus &
1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang,
Belum membaca buku
Mabuk,
begadang,
1.1.4.Kesehatan
Kurang,
Sering dll
peraturan lalu lintas.
1.1.1.Mengambil
Mengantuk, dll
Belum
pernah BelajarSIM
teknik
2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi,
tidak melalui
Kursus &
Mengemudi.
Mendapatkan
1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat
Cc mesin terlalu kecil/
1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang,
Belum
membaca
buku
SIM
tidak
lewat prosedur
keselamatan (safety)
2.1.Kinerja Mobil
Besar. Kinerja, Horse Power,
Mabuk, begadang, dll
peraturan
lalu lintas.
resmi
Tidak Bagus Torsi Mesin tidak sesuai
2.1.5.Ergonomi Kendaraan
Belum pernah Belajar teknik
2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi,
1.1.2.Kurang bisa
Tidak
bagus
Mengemudi.
Mendapatkan
1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat
2.1.2.Peralatan
Keselamatan
Cc mesin terlalu
kecil/
Mengendalikan
emosi,
SIM tidak lewat prosedur
keselamatan (safety)
(Safety)
Kurang
Lengkap/
Besar.
Kinerja,
Horse
Power,
resmi&Perilaku, dan tidak
dikurangi
Torsi Mesin
tidak sesuai
2.1.5.Ergonomi
Kendaraan
Bersikap
Sopan santun
1.PENGENDARA
MOBIL
2.1.6.Jenis
BBM tidak
1.1.2.Kurang
bisa
Tidak
bagus
sesuai
2.1.2.Peralatan Keselamatan
2.1.3.Perawatan
Kendaraan tidak
1.1.3.Usia pengendara
Mengendalikan
emosi,
1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA
(Safety)
Kurang
Lengkap/
Sesuai
aturan/buku
Terlaludan
Muda/tua
&Perilaku,
tidak
2.1.7.Modifikasi kendaraan
TIDAK BAGUS
dikurangi
Bersikap
Sopan santun
Tidak
sesuai
aturan
2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan
2.1.6.Jenis BBM tidak
1.1.4.Kesehatan Kurang, Sering
cepat
rusak/ tidak
sudah
sesuai
2.1.3.Perawatan
Kendaraan
1.1.3.Usia pengendara
1.1.1.Mengambil SIM
Mengantuk, dll
2.MOBIL
tua, hilang
Sesuai aturan/buku
Terlalu Muda/tua
tidak melaluikendaraan
Kursus &
RISIKO PENGENDARA
2.1.7.Modifikasi
1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang,
Belumsesuai
membaca
buku
Tidak
aturan
2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan
2.1.Kinerja Mobil
MOBIL INDONESIA
Mabuk, begadang, dll
peraturan lalu lintas.
cepat rusak/
sudah
4.1.3.Pengelolaan
dan
3.1.Banyak
Hambatan
4.1.Manajemen
Transportasi
Tidak Bagus
Belum lahan
pernahparkir
Belajar teknik
tua, hilang
2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi,
RISIKO
PENGENDARA
Lalu
Lintas
Yang
tidak
optimal
Mengemudi.
Mendapatkan
1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat
tidak optimal & tidak
Cc mesin terlalu kecil/
SIM tidaktertib
lewat prosedur
keselamatan (safety)
MOBIL
INDONESIA
Besar. Kinerja,4.1.1.Undang2/
Horse Power, Peraturan, Regulasi
3.1.1.Volume/ Trafik. Frekuensi
resmi
3.1.6.Membawa
Muatan
Berlebihan
4.1.3.Pengelolaan
dan
Hambatan
Transportasi
Torsi Mesin4.1.Manajemen
tidak sesuai
Lalu3.1.Banyak
Lintas terlalu Besar/
Tinggi
2.1.5.Ergonomi Kendaraan
yang sudah tidak sesuai
lahan parkir
1.1.2.Kurang
bisa
Tidak
bagus
Lalu
Lintas
Yang
tidak
optimal
kebutuhan
masa
kini
3.1.2.Rambu2
Lalu
Lintas
2.1.2.Peralatan Keselamatan
4.1.4.Belum
tidakadanya
optimalpanduan,
&
tidak
3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain
Mengendalikan emosi,
Tidak Lengkap, sudah tua,
(Safety) Kurang Lengkap/
buku, & sosialisasi
berlalu 3.1.1.Volume/
tertib &Perilaku,
dan tidak Trafik. Frekuensi
Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak
4.1.1.Undang2/
Regulasi
4.1.2.Moda
Transportasi/
JenisPeraturan,
Kendaraan,
3.1.6.Membawa Muatan Berlebihan
& tidak dipelihara
dikurangi
lintas yang bagus
dan
Lalu Lintas
terlalu Besar/ Tinggi
Bersikap
Sopan
santun
sopan, dll
2.1.6.Jenis BBM tidak
yang
sudah
Infrastruktur
Jalan
Rayatidak sesuai
komprehensif
3.1.3.Ada usaha Tindakan
sesuai4.1.4.Belum adanya panduan,
kebutuhan
masa kini
2.1.3.Perawatan
Tidak SesuaiKendaraan
rencana
& tidak
Kebutuhan
1.1.3.Usia3.1.2.Rambu2
pengendara Lalu Lintas
3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain
Kriminal
di Jalan Raya
Tidak
Lengkap,
sudah
tua,
buku, & sosialisasi berlalu
Sesuai aturan/buku
Terlalu Muda/tua
2.1.7.Modifikasi kendaraan
Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak
4.1.2.Moda Transportasi/ Jenis Kendaraan,
& tidak dipelihara
lintas
yang bagus dan
Tidak sesuai
aturan
sopan, dll
2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan
3.1.8.Penegakan Hukum, Aturan,
3.1.4.Ada Hambatan Cuaca , Jalan &
Infrastruktur Jalan Raya
komprehensif
4.METODA
3.1.3.AdaLongsor,
usaha Tindakan
cepat rusak/ sudah
Etika Yang Sangat Lemah
jembatan Banjir, Ambles,
dll
Tidak Sesuai rencana & Kebutuhan
Kriminal di Jalan Raya
tua, hilang

Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan Masalah/Akibat dan Penyebabnya

4.1.Manajemen Transportasi 4.METODA

Yang tidak optimal
4.1.1.Undang2/ Peraturan, Regulasi
yang sudah tidak sesuai
kebutuhan masa kini
4.1.2.Moda Transportasi/ Jenis Kendaraan,
Infrastruktur Jalan Raya
Tidak Sesuai rencana & Kebutuhan

4.METODA

3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi

3.1.4.Ada Hambatan
Cuaca
, Jalan &
Kecelakaan
Lalu Lintas
karena
4.1.3.Pengelolaan jembatan
dan
3.1.Banyak
Hambatan
Banjir,
Ambles,
Longsor,
dll
tindakan
pengemudi
lain
lahan parkir
Lalu
Lintas
tidak optimal & tidak
3.OPERASIONAL
3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi
tertib
3.1.1.Volume/
Trafik.
Frekuensi
Kecelakaan
Lalu Lintas
karena
Lalu Lintas
terlalu Besar/
Tinggi
tindakan
pengemudi
lain

RISIKO PENGENDARA

3.1.8.Penegakan
Hukum,
Aturan,
MOBIL
INDONESIA
Etika Yang Sangat Lemah

3.1.6.Membawa Muatan Berlebihan

Lintas
4.1.4.Belum adanya panduan, 3.1.2.Rambu2 Lalu 3.OPERASIONAL
3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain
Tidak Lengkap, sudah tua,
buku, & sosialisasi berlalu
Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak
& tidak dipelihara
lintas yang bagus dan
sopan, dll
komprehensif
3.1.3.Ada usaha Tindakan

Kriminal di Jalan Raya

3.1.4.Ada Hambatan Cuaca , Jalan &

jembatan Banjir, Ambles, Longsor, dll

3.1.8.Penegakan Hukum, Aturan,

Etika Yang Sangat Lemah

3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi

Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas karena
tindakan pengemudi lain

3.OPERASIONAL

Figure 1. Risk Identification using Fishbone Diagram that Illustrates the Problems and

the Causes of Risk faced by Car Drivers

Figure 2. Driving Manner of Car Drivers and Operational Condition of Traffic

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Table 1 Problems and Causes of Risks Faced by Car Drivers

Category
1.The Driver

2. The car

3. Operation

4. Method

Problem/Effect

Causes
1.1.1.
Obtaining
driving
license
not through a driving course & hav1.1.The performance of
ing
not
read
the
traffic
regulations:
Having never studied the driving
car drivers is not good
techniques, obtaining the driving license not through formal procedures.
1.1.2. Not able to control emotions & behavior and not polite
1.1.3. Too old/young age of the drivers
1.1.4. Poor health, often sleepy, stc.
1.1.5.Use drugs, drunk, stay late ninght, etc.
2.1.1. Type/specification, the machine capacity [cc] is too low/big.
2.1. The perfor-mance of
The size, performance, Horse Power, and tortion of machine are not
the car is not good
suitable.
2.1.2. Incomplete (reduced) Safety tools.
2.1.3. The car maintenance is not according to the rule/book.
2.1.4. The car components are broken quickly/ have been too old,
lost.
2.1.5. Poor ergonomy of the vehicle.
2.1.6. Unsuitable type of fuel.
2.1.7. Vehicle modification breaches the rule.
3.1. Many traffic obstacles 3.1.1. Volume/Traffic. The traffic frequency is too high.
3.1.2. Traffic signs are incomplete, old, and not maintained.
3.1.3. There are criminal actions on the street.
3.1.4. There are obstacles of weather, flooded and bogged down
roads and bridges, landslide, etc.
3.1.5. There are possibilities of accident because of other drivers action.
3.1.6. Carrying overweight/excessive cargo
3.1.7. Facing other drivers who are frivol,
agressive, impolite,
etc.
3.1.8. Poor law and rule, and ethic enforcement.
4.1.1. Law and regulations which are not suitable with recent need.
4.1.Transport
Management which is not optimal
4.1.2. Transport mode/type of vehicle and road infrastructures are
not suitable with plan & need.
4.1.3. Parking management and area are not optimal and not wellregulated.
4.1.4. There are still no guidance, books, and comprehensive socialization of good driving on the street.

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Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

Graphic 1. Risk Mapping of Car Drivers Based on

the Category of Human Resources, Car, Operation, and Method

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Suggestions:
1. Many parties should pay full attention
to the car drivers:
a. The government who are the
executive having duties of planning,
developing, and supervising.
b. The regulators: the police and the
Parliament (DPR).
c. The law enforcers (especially the
police).
d. Public,
educators,
university,
research institute, transportation
community.
2. Shift the risks to the third party, for
example car insurance, accident
insurance, health insurance, natural
disaster insurance, etc.
3. Establish an organization/working unit
comprising the government and private
who handle the risk management of
traffic.

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