WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

21.00.0

FIREARMS PROCEDURE

21.01.0

GENERAL POLICY

June,2015

Only sworn police officers that have been authorized by the Chief shall carry a
Department approved firearm. lt is the responsibility of any member of this
Department who handles firearms be familiar with this chapter prior to handling
any department-approved firearms.

Primary Duty Weapon: The weapon that is normally carried while on duty in
uniform.
Secondary Duty Weapon: Weapon that the officer has passed the primary duty
weapon qualification with, but is not the officer's primary duty weapon.
BACKUP Weapon: lt is the policy of this Department that no officer carries a
backup handgun without the pre-approval of the Chief's Office and only after
satisfying the requirements established in this section.
ln order to carry a back-up weapon, officers will pass a Department Backup
Proficiency Course a minimum of twice yearly.

21.02.0

GENERAL INFORMATION

Officers are responsible for maintaining their weapons in a clean operable

condition.
The officer will carry identification and police badge whenever carrying a firearm.
A firearm shall not be carried off duty when that officer is consuming alcoholic
beverages.
There will be no modifications to weapons without written approval by the Chief
of Police.
The officers shall make the Department approved firearms, magazines and
associated equipment available upon request by the Department Range master,
or the Chief's Office.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

21.03.0

June,2o15

HANDLING RESTRICTIONS

Officers shall exercise the utmost care and caution in the use of firearms at all
times. Officers shall not needlessly display or carelessly handle any firearm.
Officers are specifically prohibited from engaging in any form of "dry" fire in any
school district building or public place except as part of a training course under
supervision. This term is meant to include snapping of the hammer.
During business hours, maintenance will not be performed on any firearm on
Washoe County School District Property without prior approval from the
department Range master or supervisor.
The officer is responsible for the security and safekeeping of his/her firearm. The
officer shall insure any firearm in his/her possession is secured so unauthorized
persons do not use it. No firearm shall be left unattended or unsecured in a
purse, unlocked desk, or unlocked file cabinet. Officers will be required to remove
all firearms from school district property at the end of his/her shift.
!f a firearm is lost or stolen the Chief of Police MUST be notified immediately, via
the chain of command.

21.O4.0

USE OF FIREARM IS AUTHORIZED

An officer is authorized to use deadly force when it is reasonably necessary to:

1. Protect

2.
3.

him/herself or others from an immediate threat of death or serious

physical harm.
Prevent a crime where the suspect's actions place a person in jeopardy of
death or serious physical harm.
An officer shall not fire at a fleeing person, including a "fleeing felony"
suspect; unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect
poses a threat of serious physical harm to the officer or others.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June,2015

4. An officer may draw or otherwise display a firearm in situations

where,
under the totality of the circumstances, there is reasonable cause to
anticipate imminent death or serious bodily harm. Officers will not point
firearms in unsafe directions which may endanger the innocent public. lf
the officer has drawn his or her weapon from their holster, the officer is
required to immediately (or as soon as safely possible) notify a supervisor.

Department members are not authorized to discharge their firearm:

o
.
.
.
o

As warning shots.
lf it appears likely that an innocent person may be injured.
An officer will not discharge a firearm at any animal unless there is
immediate, imminent danger to the officer or to a citizen. An officer
encountering situations involving dangerous or injured animals will request
the assistance of the animal control agency for that jurisdiction.
From a moving vehicle, except as a last resort.
At a moving vehicle, unless it is absolutely necessary to do so to protect
against imminent threat to the life of the member or others. As such,
members:
o Shall attempt to move out of the path of an oncoming vehicle if
possible, rather than discharge their firearms.
o Shall not intentionally place themselves in the path of an oncoming
vehicle and attempt to disable the vehicle by discharging their
firearms.
o Shall not discharge their firearms at a fleeing vehicle or its driver.

21.05.0

FIREARM TRAINING

The Department will require each officer, (authorized to carry a firearm) to shoot
and pass the designated Department Proficiency Course each time they attend
range training (A minimum of twice a year). (Specific dates to be announced by
the Chief or designee.)
21.05.1

Firearm Qualifications

Firearms proficiency is a criticaljob skill for all officers. All officers must remain
proficient with their firearms. The following steps will outline firearms
qualifications for all on duty weapons.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

1.

June, 2015

lf an officer fails to qualify with their duty weapon (Pistol, shotgun or rifle),
they will be given another opportunity to qualify after a minimum of 30
minutes of down time (No live fire). lf the failure is the result of a
mechanical problem with the firearm, the failure will not be documented as
a failed qualification for the officer.

2. lf the officer fails the second qualification attempt range staff will provide
remediation to diagnose and address the problem. Onsite remediation will
be given whenever possible, time permitting. Upon completion of the
remediation, the officer will be given a 3'd attempt to qualify.
3. lf the officer fails to qualify on the 3'd attempt, the Range Master shall
notify the Deputy Chief and/or the Chief.
4. The officer will be directed to attend an extensive remediation session to

address the ongoing problem. The department shall provide the

ammunition and instructors for the remediation. The remediation shall be a
minimum of (2) two hours and will include both live fire and dry fire drills.
Upon completion of the remediation the officer will be given a minimum of
30 minutes of down time, and then a 4th attempt to qualify will be given. lf
the officer fails the 4th qualification attempt, the Range Master shall notify
the Deputy Chief and/or the Chief. The Range Master shall obtain all
department weapons and ammunition from the officer and direct them to
report to the Deputy Chief or Chief for further instruction.
5. The officer will be placed on restricted duty for a minimum of (2) two
weeks. This time frame will allow for the officer to obtain any additional
training needed from outside the department to correct the problem.
6. The officer will be given a Sth attempt to qualify. Failure to qualify on the
attempt will be cause for discipline. The officer may be terminated for
failure to maintain a criticaljob skill.

to appear for remedial training as

directed, will cause the Range Master to fonruard a memorandum to the
Deputy Chief.

7. Unexcused failures to shoot, or failure

21.06.0

PRIMARY & SECONDARY DUTY WEAPONS

Sth

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRIGT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June, 2015

A. Will be one of the following weapons in either 9mm, .40 S&W or .45 ACP. The
weapon must be a full size duty pistol for uniformed use, in blued/black or stainless finish
only. Compact models are approved for the plain-clothes assignments.
1. Beretta pistols
2. Colt (XSE Model Only)*
2. Glock Pistols
3. Heckler & Koch (USP series only)
4. Kimber*
5. Sig Sauer*
5. Smith & Wesson Pistols*
6. Springfield Armory*
7 . P ara Ordnance (ParaUSA)*

*In addition,lgll style single action pistols by these manufactures are also approved.
B. The use of revolvers as a primary or secondary duty weapon is not authorized.

OFF DUTY/BACK UP WEAPON

21.07.0

The department-approved primary and secondary weapons may be carried off-duty.

Other weapons may also be carried off-duty or as a back up, however, they must be
approved in writing by the Chief of Police prior to being carried by the officer.

l.

2.

The officer must qualify with the off-duty/back up weapon before being
authorized for use.
The weapon must be carried fully concealed and secured on the
employee's person. The officer must carry police identification and badge
whenever they are carrying a weapon.

21.07.O1

ON DUTY & BACK UP WEAPONS AMMUNITION

REQUIREMENTS

While on duty, all uniformed officers (authorized by the Chief to carry a firearm)
will carry at least three magazines, filled to capacity with department-approved
ammunition. The Department will provide all training and duty ammunition for the

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June, 2015

primary duty weapon. Training ammunition for secondary and back up weapons
will be provided by the officer. The department will provide duty ammunition for
one (1 ) secondary weapon.
The following ammunition is approved for use while carrying a weapon:
The department range master will maintain a list of the current authorized duty
ammunition. Only the current authorized ammunition is to be used for primary or
secondary weapons.
Back up/off duty weapons:
Ammunition for back-up/off duty weapons should be of the same brand/model as
the approved duty ammunition for that caliber; however ammunition from major
commercial manufacturers that is designed for duty or personal defense may be
used.
The following holsters are approved for uniformed duty use:
Safariland - Model 070, 296,6280, and 6360 ALS/SLS in black basket weave or
plain.
Blackhawk - Serpa Level ll and lll (NON LIGHT BEARING) in black basket
weave or black "STX" (nylon) finish, EPOCH level lll light bearing in black basket
weave or plain.
G-Code - SOC holster (Black only).
Drop leg thigh platform is only approved for motor officer wear.

2'1.07.2

Pistol Mounted Lights

A pistol mounted light may be attached to a department approved primary or

secondary weapon. The pistol mounted light may only be deployed during an
incident where a duty pistol is needed or justified. At no time is the pistol
mounted light to be used as a standalone flashlight. A pistol mounted light is to
be considered a firearm first and foremost, with a flashlight attached.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June, 20f5

The followinq are approved pistol mounted liqhts for vour weapon:

1. Streamliqht TLR-1 or TLR-2

2. Surefire X200 and X300

No modification mav be made to the approved pistol mounted liqht. to include the
addition of pressure or depression switches.

21.08.0

DISCHARGE OF FIREARM

Except while on an approved range, whenever a member of this Department

discharges a firearm, (either negligently or in the performance of police duties)
the Chief's Office shall be notified immediately.

Any event in Washoe County wherein an on-duty officer discharges a firearm,

and one or more of the bullets fired makes contact, however slight, with any
human being, or any event in Washoe County wherein any person discharges a
firearm, and one or more of the bullets fired makes contact, however slight,
with an officer, the Washoe County District Attorneys Officer lnvolved Shooting
protocol will be followed.
ln all other events the following policy will be followed:
The officer who discharged the firearm shall file a written report of the incident
through established channels within eight hours following the incident and prior to
leaving at the end of the shift.

The officer shall notify the Chief via the chain of command and briefly
explain what occurred.
The officer shall be placed on paid administrative leave pending results of
an investigation
The officer involved will surrender the weapon to the Chief of Police or
designee as soon as heishe arrives on the scene (ln accordance with the
current OIS protocol).
The officer involved will be escorted by a member of this Department to
the School Police Office and placed on paid administrative leave pending
the immediate results of the investigation. Witnesses will be handled in

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June, 2015

the normal manner by other officers of the Department. The Department

shall recognize and observe all of the member's rights in regards to the
US Constitution, (Fifth Amendment, etc) and US Supreme Court
Decisions, (Garrity v New Jersey, etc.)
The officer will not discuss the case with anyone except the Chief of Police
(Or his/her designee), the investigating officer and his/her own legal
counsel/attorney.
It is the policy for this Department not to release the name of any officer
involved in a shooting in accordance with the current OIS protocol

SHOOTING REVIEW BOARD POLICY

21.09.0

At any time a shot is fired by a member of this Department, other than during
range or other authorized practice, an investigation report and recommendation
wil! be prepared by a Shooting Review Board and submitted to the Chief of
Police. lf an injury occurs on the range involving shooting, the same applies.

FORMATION:

The board will consist of five members, one of whom is a

designated Range Master, an officer of peer rank, one civilian, one investigator
and one Command Officer from another Law Enforcement agency. Board
members may vary from incident to incident and are appointed by the Chief of
Police. The Chief of Police may appoint substitute members as needed.

PROCEDURE: The board will convene as soon as possible after the

completion of the investigation. The board will submit the written report within five
working days to the Chief of Police. The report will contain the facts of the
incident, the content of the investigation, an evaluation and a recommendation as
to further proceedings or resolution of the incident including disciplinary action if
warranted.
The Chief of Police or designee will make the final review and any necessary
decision.

21.11.0

RIFLE POLICIES & SAFETY

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

21.11.1

June, 2015

POLICY
Only officers who are trained and qualified in the use of the Washoe
County School District Police Department's patrol rifle are authorized
to carry and deploy this weapon. This policy is intended to be consistent
with, and a component part of, the Department policy on the Use of
Deadly Force.

2I.II.2

DEFINITIONS

A.

Officer - any Department sworn employee authorized, trained, and

currently qualified to carry a rifle.

B.

Armory Condition- The weapon's selector lever is on "safe", the

magazine has been removed, the chamber is empty, and the bolt is

locked open.

C.

Cover/Ready (Tactical) Condition - The weapon's selector lever

is on "safe", amagazine is loaded in the weapon and a round is
chambered, making the weapon ready for immediate use.

D.

Car Condition - The weapon's selector lever is on "safe", no live

round is in the chamber, the bolt is closed, a fully loaded magazine
is inserted in the magazine well, and the ejection port dust cover is
closed.

2I.I1.3
A. Authori zed

RIFLES
P atr ol

Rifl es

Make: Colt, Bushmaster, Rock River Arms or Smith & Wesson

AR 15 style (Other manufactures by Chief/Range Master approval)
Caliber: .223 Remington/5.56 Nato

Appearance: Standard finish in black or tan flat colors with either

fixed or collapsible stock. No camouflage is permitted on the rifle.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June,2o15

Slings, tactical lights, ACOG, electronic "Red dot" sights and

Accupoint sights are authorizedfor use. 20 or 30 round magazines
may be used.

B. Authorized Modifications:
1. Only the department assigned armorer

will perform

modifications and repairs to the Department Patrol Rifles.

2. The only authorized modifications are:
a) Changes to the pistol grip.

b) Addition of a "Gapper plug" above the pistol grip area.

c) Use of a different sling system other than the issued tactical
sling.
d) Officers may have approved ambidextrous accessories installed.
e)

Tritium front sight post.

f) Forward grip
g) Handguard mounted flashlight

* Those rifles with electronic sights must have standard back up

sights installed.
3. Deviations from these weapon specifications must have prior

approval of the Chief of Police.

4. Rifles

will

be inspected by the department armorer at Patrol

Rifle qualifications.
C. Issuance and Use
1. On-duty officers are only authorized to use Department issued
rifles, unless written approval is obtained from the Chief of Police.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLIGY

MANUAL

June,2o15

2. Off-duty use of the Department issued rifles is restricted.

Written approval must be obtained from the Chief of Police or
hislher designee for off-duty use of the rifle.
3. The Firearms Range Master issues rifles to qualified officers and
maintains an accurate and up-to-date record of officers to whom a
rifle has been assigned.

2I.II.4

PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY AND ASSIGNMENT

A. Participation in the patrol rifle program is a voluntary assignment unless a supervisor

deems an immediate operational need for that resource.
B. Officers must have successfully completed 2 years of service following their sworn
date with WCSDPD to be eligible for assignment to the patrol rifle program.
C. The selection process is as follows:

l. When openings exist or are anticipated, there will be an announcement

for interested officers to submit their names.
2.The Chief of Police will make the selection from the list of officers
submitting their names.
3. After reviewing the list, the Chief of Police will send the names of those
officers selected to the Range Master. The Range Master will notiff those
selected through their chain of command.

4. Officer selected will complete the Training Course and requirements set
by this department.

5. Officers must successfully

competent handling of the
6. Merely attending a

pass the entire course; to include the

rifle

as

well

as the

rifle course does not equate to being approved to

carry a rifle.

2I.II.5

qualification course.

GENERAL RIFLE HANDLING

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June,2o15

A. The rifle safety will be ON at all times unless the operator is on target and has decided
to shoot.
B. The rifle will not have a round loaded in the chamber when in a police vehicle, and
will be locked in its designated rifle rack.
C. A round will only be loaded into the chamber of the weapon outside the police vehicle
in anticipation of the weapon's imminent use ("Cover/Ready Condition").

D. Except when anticipating the imminent use of the rifle, employees will inspect the
weapon to ensure that the safety is on "Safe" and there is no round loaded in the chamber
when:
1. Checking a rifle out from an authorized police weapons storage facility
or locker.

2.Takingthe rifle out of its locked rack or Department approved carrying

case.

3. Receiving a rifle from another person.

If the rifle is found to have a round in the chamber, the employee will move to
a safe location, point the muzzle in a safe direction and unload the weapon.
E.

1. At the range or other facility where a firearm-unloading barrel/station is

present, the rifle must be unloaded with the mtzzle pointed into the barrel.

F. The rifle will be placed in "Armory Condition" before it is turned in or stored.

2I.II.6.

RIFLE DEPLOYMENT

A. Recommended

Use.

Below are guidelines for deploying with a rifle. The officer will be

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June,2o15

responsible for justifying his/her decision to deploy with a rifle in any given set
circumstances.

of

l. Where greater accuracy is desired which cannot be achieved with a

handgun or shotgun.
2. Incidents with multiple and/or armed suspects.
3. Incidents in which a suspect or suspects are wearing body armor.

4. Incidents where there is lack of appropriate cover within acceptable

ranges near the threat for the use of a handgun or shotgun, indicating the
need for greater accuracy.
5. To provide containment at a safer distance while awaiting arrival
cover units.

of

6. When assigned to the perimeter of a site for lockdowns.

B. Rifle Use:

of the rifle is anticipated, officers will ensure that they

have a clear field of fire. As with any other frrearm, officers must be
especially mindful of the potential danger to innocent bystanders,
occupants of nearby buildings, and traffic if the weapon is used in
1. Whenever use

congested areas.

C. Post Firing Rifle Handling:

1. In the event the rifle is fired, the offrcer must maintain the condition
the rifle. After the incident has been stabilized, the safety shall be
engaged. No other actions shall be taken to render the rifle "safe".

of

2. The rifle shall be turned over to on scene supervisor (Or OIS personnel)
when the incident is concluded.

2I.II.7

RIFLE SECURITY

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June, 2015

A. Vehicles:
1. Most patrol units assigned on this department are take-home units. If a
patrol unit is kept in a locked garage at an officer's residence, the rifle
may remain in the patrol unit secured in the electronic or manual key rack.
If a patrol unit is parked in the driveway or on the street in front of an
officer's residence, the rifle will be removed from the patrol unit and
secured inside the officer's residence. Under no circumstances is a rifle to
be locked in the trunk of a patrol unit unless approval is received from the
officer's supervisor, and only for a limited time as designated by the
supervisor

2. Rifles will be removed from any vehicle prior to being taken out of
service unless an officer is available to standby with the vehicle until the
maintenance is completed. Officers shall contact their supervisor and
make alrangements for safekeeping of the rifle if necessary.

3. Rifles in vehicles

21.11.8

will

o'Car
be in
Condition"

QUALTFTCATTONS

A. Qualification

l. The Chief of Police or his/her

designee shall establish the qualification

standards and pro fi ciency-training curri culum.

2. Officers assigned to the rifle program shall qualiff with their

Department-issued patrol rifl e.
3. Officers are required to sign their qualification sheet.
This will ensure that the officer knows and agrees with the score as
documented.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June, 2015

4. Those who fail to pass the qualification will be given one additional
opportunity to qualify during that session (Time permitting).
5. Unexcused failures to shoot, or failure to appear for remedial training as
directed, will cause the Range Master to forward a memorandum to the
Deputy Chief, and may result in removal of the employee from the rifle

program.

B. Failure to Qualify

with their patrol rifle are not authorized to

carry the patrol rifle for duty use until successful completion of the rifle
1. Officers failing to qualify

qualifi cation is accomplished.

2.lf

an officer is removed from the rifle program for failing to qualify,

they will be required to pass a shotgun qualification in order to remain on
patrol.

3. Officers may appeal their removal from the patrol rifle program to the
Chief of Police.

21.12.0

SHOTGUN POLTCIES & SAFBTY

2t.t2.t

POLICY

Only officers who are trained and qualified in the use of the Remington 870 shotgun are
authorized to carry and deploy this weapon per the Chief s approval. All officers assigned
to the patrol division who are not assigned to the rifle program must qualifu with the
shotgun. This policy is consistent with, and a component part of the department policy on
the use of deadly force.
The authorized shotgun is a Remington 870,t2-gaugs pump-action shotgun. No
modifications are to be made to this weapon by individual officers unless specifically
authorized by the Chief s office. Officers may submit a request to the Chief s office to
carry their own personally purchased shotgun. The weapon must be a l2-glage pump
action shotgun. The Chief s office may decline any request at his discretion.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY MANUAL

June,2015

Training and Duty Ammunition for the shotgun will be issued by this department only.

2I.I2.2

GENERAL SHOTGUN HANDLING

DEFINITIONS
t. Armory condition: Bolt is to the rear, chamber and magazine is empty, shell
carrier in the up position, safety is off. Used for general transporting,
cleaning/maintenance and entering range.
2. Car condition: Bolt is forward, chamber is empty, trigger is disengaged,magazine
is full and the safety is off. This condition is used while on duty and the weapon is
being transported in a patrol unit.
J. Cover/Ready condition: Bolt is forward, a round in the chamber, trigger is
cocked, magazine is full, finger on or off the trigger depending on threat, safety

off.

While on duty, officers will store their shotguns in a electronic or manual lock shotgun
rack mounted in their respective patrol units. Under no circumstances are shotguns to be
transported or left in the trunk of a patrol unit unless specifically authorized by a
supervisor.
Once the decision is made to deploy with the shotgun, the officer will determine when to
place the shotgun in a Cover/Ready condition. The decision to chamber a shell should be
based upon the officer's perception of the immediate threat to the officer's life or the life
of others.

It is advised that officers should place the safety switch in the on position anytime the
stock is removed from the shoulder. If the situation is resolved without the need to fire
the shotgun, the officer will use a safe location to place the shotgun back into patrol Car
Ready condition as soon as practical.

2I.I2.3

SHOTGUN DEPLOYMENT

Below are guidelines for deploying with a shotgun. The officer will be responsible for
justifying hisftrer decision to deploy with a shotgun in any given set of circumstances.

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

MANUAL

POLICY

l.

2.
3.
4.

5.

June, 2015

Incidents with multiple and/or armed suspects.

Incidents in which a suspect(s) are wearing body arnor.
Incidents where there is lack of appropriate cover within acceptable ranges
near the threat for the use of a handgun.
To provide containment at a safer distance while awaiting arrival of cover
units.
When stationed on the perimeter of a lockdown.

2I.I2.4

SHOTGUN SECURITY

Most patrol units assigned on this department are take-home units. If a patrol unit is kept
in a locked garage at an officer's residence, the shotgun may remain in the patrol unit
secured in the electronic or manual key rack. If a patrol unit is parked in the driveway or
on the street in front of an officer's residence, the shotgun will be removed from the
patrol unit and secured inside the officer's residence. Under no circumstances is a
shotgun to be locked in the trunk of a patrol unit, unless approval is received from a
supervisor and only for a limited time as designated by the supervisor
Shotguns

will

be removed from any vehicle prior to being taken out of service unless an

officer is available to standby with the vehicle until the maintenance is completed.
Officers shall contact their supervisor and make arrangements for safekeeping of the rifle

if

necessary.

21.12,5 Shotgun Qualification

A. Qualification
Chief of Police or his/her designee shall establish the qualification
standards and profi ciency-trainin g curri culum.
1. The

B. Failure to Qualify

WASHOE COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT POLICE DEPARTMENT

POLICY

MANUAL

June,2o15

Officers failing to qualify with their shotgun are not authorized to carry
the shotgun for duty use until successful completion of the shotgun
qualifi cation is accomplished.
1.

2.If

an officer is removed from patrol

for failing to qualifr, they will be

assigned to a non-patrol position.

4. Officers may appeal their removal from patrol to the Chief of Police.