BEARING PULLER

ABSTRACT
A hydraulic fluid power system is defined as a means of power
transmission

in which relatively incompressible fluid is used as the power

transmitting media. The primary purpose of hydraulic system is the transfer of

energy from one location to another location and this energy into useful work.
Power clamping is used for holding the job as for as quickly and maintain the
constant pressure over the job. Here in our project PULLER is done by hydraulic
system. Power clamping system consists of movable jaw, fixed jaw, and
hydraulic circuit. This movable jaw is fixed with hydraulic cylinder. When pump
is switched on the hydraulic cylinder will moves forward and holds the object
very tightly.
For this type of operations we need heavy force for assembling and
disassembling the bearings from the machines. It can widely be used. It is easy
to fit on the bearing and removing. This can be effectively used for removing the
bearings.The hydraulic bearing puller based on hydraulic system on the principle
of Pascals law which states that Pressure distribution in enclosed cylinder is
uniform in all direction.
Keywords: Hydraulics, Principles Of Hydraulics, Pascal's Law of Hydraulics,
Hydraulic Jack, Working of Hydraulic Jack, Bearing Pulling

CHAPTER-1
1. INTRODUCTION
The Hydraulic system pressure can be generated in the form of any
physical action which result a compression over the Hydraulic system or
pneumatic pressure which is developed in the form of air compressing externally
can be applied to activate Hydraulic system. There is a constant relation between
pressure density, and volume, According to Bernoulli equations. A hydraulic
jack is a mechanical device used as a lifting device to lift heavy loads or apply
great forces. A hydraulic mechanical jack employs the mechanism of a hydraulic
power system in the lifting of heavy equipment (Brian, 2006). The most common
form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles or trucks so that
maintenance can be performed. Hydraulic jacks are usually rated based on its
maximum lifting capacity which could include: 1.5 tons, 3 tons, 20 tons or 30
tons (William, 2001).
The hydraulic puller for automobile is a mechanical device which is widely used
in automobile works. the hydraulic puller for automobile increases the efficiency
of the man power (operator) in removing the liner from cylinder block. the reason
for the development and in the introduction of the hydraulic puller for automobile
is given below. the hydraulic puller for automobile is one of the improved hand
operated device. the operation of removing cylinder liner from the engine block
done by this device can also be done by other methods. but this one is very
compact, simple and versatile.
Nowadays the removing of cylinder liner from engine block is carried out
by hydraulic devices. but in this case the engine block must be removed from

chassis of the engine. since it needs more than one person and it will make more
time consuming and increases the cost of reconditioning the liners. the workers
strained very due to heavy weight of engine blocks. also they felt that it was not
safety as the engine blocks removed from the chassis.
Also great care should be taken out damage engine block and chassis and to
prevent injury to the persons engaged. development of more than two persons to
remove engine block from chassis and then to remove liner from engine block is
not only the great loss to the automobile workshops but also the wastage of time
and increased labour cost resulting to increase the overhead cost of
reconditioning the liners. all the said difficulties, problems etc. are we can be
overcome by the introduction of the new device known

CHAPTER-2

2.LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 DEFINITION OF MECHANICAL JACKS
A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment and vehicles so that
maintenance can be carried out underneath (Budynas, 2008). A hydraulic jack is a
device that uses a liquid to push against a piston. This is based on Pascals
Principle. The principle states that pressure in a closed container is the same at all
points. If there are two cylinders connected, applying force to the smaller
cylinder will result in the same amount of pressure in the larger cylinder.
However, since the lager cylinder has more area, the resulting force will be
greater. In other words, an increase in area leads to an increase in force. The
greater the difference in size between the two cylinders, the greater the increase
in the force will be. A hydraulic jack operates on this two cylinder system
(Muchnik, 2007). Many trends (screw or hydraulics) have gone down around the
lifting applications in the automobile workshops. Increasing the mechanical
advantage of doing work remains the objective of these developments (Muchnik,
2007).

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LIFTING DEVICES

2.2.1.BEARING REMOVAL AND CLEANING
Proper bearing removal and cleaning can mean the difference between good
performance and bearing failure. If done incorrectly, either procedure can damage
the bearing, shaft or housing before installation even begins.
2.2.2.BEARING REMOVAL
There are a number of recommended tools and methods that assure safe, reliable
bearing removal. Using hammers and drift pins, or an uneven application of
force, for example, can cause as much damage to the shaft and housing as to the
bearing itself.
Safe bearing removal tools include:
The working principle of a hydraulic jack may be explained with the help of
Fig. Consider a ram and plunger, operating in two cylinders of different diameters,

Hand lever

Hydraulic
Jack
Bearing
holded
Machine
vice
shaft

which are interconnected at the bottom, through a chamber, which is filled with
some liquid.

Fig.3.2. Hydraulic jack

Fig.3.3.Plunger
Let
W= Weight to be lifted,
F = Force applied on the plunger,

A = Area of ram, and

a = Area of plunger.
Pressure intensity produced by the force F,
p = F/Area of plunger
= F/a
As per Pascals law, the above intensity p will be equally transmitted in all
directions.
Therefore, The pressure intensity on ram = p = F/a
= W/A
W= F(A/a)
Above Equation indicates that by applying a small force F on the plunger, a large
force W may be developed by the ram.
Mechanical advantage of press = A/a
If the force in the plunger is applied by a lever which has a mechanical advantage
(L/l) then total mechanical advantage of machine = (L/l)(A/a)
The ratio (L/l) is known as leverage of press.
Hydraulic jack may be employed for the following jobs:
Metal press work (to press sheet metal to any required shape).

 Drawing and pushing rods.

Bending and straightening any metal piece .
Packing press.
Pascal's principle is defined as
A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted
undiminished to all points in the fluid
This principle is stated mathematically as:
P=g (h)
P= The hydrostatic pressure (given in Pascals in the SI system), or the difference
in pressure at two points within a fluid column, due to the weight of the fluid.
= The fluid density (in kilograms per cubic meter in the SI system).
g =Acceleration due to gravity (normally using the sea level acceleration due to
Earth's gravity, in SI in meters per second squared).
h =The height of fluid above the point of measurement, or the difference in
elevation between the two points within the fluid column (in meters in SI).
The intuitive explanation of this formula is that the change in pressure
between two elevations is due to the weight of the fluid between the elevations. A
more correct interpretation, though, is that the pressure change is caused by the
change of potential energy per unit volume of the liquid due to the existence of the
gravitational field. Note that the variation with height does not depend on any
additional pressures. Therefore, Pascal's law can be interpreted as saying thatany

change in pressure applied at any given point of the fluid is

transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.

3.8.EXPLANATION OF BASCAL LAW

If a U-tube is filled with water and pistons are placed at each end, pressure
exerted against the left piston will be transmitted throughout the liquid and against
the bottom of the right piston. (The pistons are simply "plugs" that can slide freely
but snugly inside the tube.) The pressure that the left piston exerts against the water
will be exactly equal to the pressure the water exerts against the right piston.
Suppose the tube on the right side is made wider and a piston of a larger area is
used; for example, the piston on the right has 50 times the area of the piston on the
left. If a 1 N load is placed on the left piston, an additional pressure due to the
weight of the load is transmitted throughout the liquid and up against the larger
piston. The difference between force and pressure is important: the additional
pressure is exerted against the entire area of the larger piston. Since there is 50
times the area, 50 times as much force is exerted on the larger piston. Thus, the
larger piston will support a 50 N load - fifty times the load on the smaller piston.
Forces can be multiplied using such a device. One newton input produces 50
newtons output. By further increasing the area of the larger piston (or reducing the
area of the smaller piston), forces can be multiplied, in principle, by any amount.
Pascal's principle underlies the operation of thehydraulic press. The hydraulic press
does not violate energy conservation, because a decrease in distance moved
compensates for the increase in force. When the small piston is moved downward
10 centimeters, the large piston will be raised only one-fiftieth of this, or 0.2
centimeters. The input force multiplied by the distance moved by the smaller
piston is equal to the output force multiplied by the distance moved by the larger

piston; this is one more example of a simple machine operating on the same
principle as a mechanical lever.
Pascal's principle applies to all fluids, whether gases or liquids. A typical
application of Pascal's principle for gases and liquids is the automobile lift seen in
many service stations (the hydraulic jack). Increased air pressure produced by an
air compressor is transmitted through the air to the surface of oil in an underground
reservoir. The oil, in turn, transmits the pressure to a piston, which lifts the
automobile. The relatively low pressure that exerts the lifting force against the
piston is about the same as the air pressure in automobile tires. Hydraulics is
employed by modern devices ranging from very small to enormous. For example,
there are hydraulic pistons in almost all construction machines where heavy loads
are involved.

3.9.MACHINE VICE

Figure.3.4. Machine vice

A machine vice is a device used to hold a work piece when operating a milling
machine or a drill press. It is adjustable in many different ways, allowing the work
piece to be manipulated into any angle or position required. This type of vice is

crucial when a certain angle is required to be repeated on several pieces.

The machinist can mount the work piece and adjust the vice to the desired angle
and position and the machined finish will duplicate the prior pieces exactly.
In some milling operations, the cutting tool remains stationary while the machine
vice is used to move the work piece into the cutting tool and complete
the machining operation. The precision movement of the vice allows the machinist
to create pin-point operations by manipulating the vice's controls. In other
operations, the machine vice is simply used to position the work piece while it is
milled. This typically occurs when machining a work piece that is flat and square.
While the vast majority of machine vice designs are operated by hand, some styles
of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines utilize a hydraulically operated
and controlled vice. This allows the vice to position the work piece in accordance
to a programmed set of dimensions. As the CNC machine creates and finishes one
set of machining operations, the machine vice rotates the work piece into position
for the next programed cutting pass. The computer-aided accuracy of the CNC
makes it possible for several thousand finished pieces to be machined exactly alike.
The evolution of the machine vice allowed milling and machining projects to be
completed with a great deal of precision. Machinists could complete several
identical work pieces in a single shift. By adapting the vice to a CNC machine, a
machinist can now create dozens of intricate and highly detailed pieces in a single
shift with spot-on tolerances. Precision, accuracy and repeatable outcome are just
some of the benefits that come from working with an infinitely adjustable vice and
a milling machine.

CHAPTER-4
4.1WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYDRAULIC BEARING PULLER

Fig.4.1.Hydraulic bearing puller

This device is working by the principle of hydraulic lifting system. In
this project we use hydraulic bottle jack. Jack is fixed with the table in the area
allocated to it. A handle is attached with the hydraulic jack. When the handle is
pressed the oil in the hydraulic jack is allowed to flow which helps to actuate the
jack. The rod in the jack comes up during this process. A pressure relief valve is
attached to side of the bottle jack which helps rod to come back to its previous
position. The bearing puller is attached to rod and the pulling end of the bearing
puller is attached to the bearing. When the jack is operated the bearing puller goes
upwards and so the bearing is pulled out of the shaft.

Application
Maintenance of workshop equipment. Removal of wheels, pulleys, gears,
sleeves and other press fit assemblies.
Particularly used for removal of bearing from shaft assemblies having less
clearance. Used with push puller.
Maintenance of shop equipments. Finds specials use in removal of bearing outer
races, bushes, press fitted in housing.

CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
Traditional method of bearing removal or installation is hammering, but
unnecessary hammering causes several problems. The unsafe and excessive
hammering causes damage of bearing surface or sometimes chance to failure and

excessive human effort required. In order to remove or installed bearing safely, to

make modification in traditional method. The modification made in easy removing
and installing bearing is done by this project. The purposes of modification are
Simplicity of operation, removing and installation of bearing done without
damaging bearing surface, compact, portable, well suited, low cost,
Multifunctional ,safe ,versatile and individual can lift a load weighing several ton.