Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NAT REVIEWER
CRITICAL
THINKING 10
Compiled by: Maria Eleonor C. Banares
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For 116-121, read the passage below:
Karen and Jessa had planned to go to a movie Saturday evening. Jessa called Karen Saturday
morning. She told Karen her parents would not allow her to go to the movie after all. When
Karen called her friend later that evening, she was told Jessa had gone to a party. Karen was
angry because her friend had gone to a party instead of a movie with her. She decided that she
could not be friends with someone who did not tell the truth.
116. After talking with Jessa Saturday morning, what did Karen think Jessa would be doing that
evening?
A. Jessa would be going out with her parents.
B. Jessa would be going to a party.
C. Jessa would be watching TV with a friend.
D. Jessa would be staying home.
117. What is most likely to happen next in the story?
A. Karen will decide to end her friendship with Jessa.
B. Jessa will call Karen to invite her to a movie.
C. Jessa will decide to end her friendship with Karen.
D. Karen will call Jessa to invite her to a movie.
118. What would show that Karens thoughts about Jessa were unfair?
A. Jessa had not known that her parents wanted her to go to a party.
B. Jessa had changed her mind about going out with Karen.
C. Jessa had tried to call Karen Friday night to change their plans.
D. Jessa had never lied to Karen in the past.
119. What BEST shows that the story is told from Karens point of view?
A. Karen and Jessa planned to go to a movie together.
B. Jessa called Saturday morning to tell Karen she could not go to the movie.
C. Karen called Jessa and learned that Mollie was not home.
D. Jessa went to a party instead of going to a movie with Karen.
120. What was the MOST LIKELY reason Karen called Jessa?
A. To ask Jessa to go to a movie.
B. To tell Jessa why she was angry.
115. What new information would BEST show that Charity was wrong about why Rich Mark
was quiet?
A. Rich Mark was quiet during lunch on Monday.
B. Rich Mark and Charity have been best friends for a long time.
C. Rich Mark got a bad grade on a math test before lunch.
D. Rich Mark does not like to dance.
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4. Marikina City is known for having a clean environment. We live in Marikina City.
Therefore:
A. We are content with our local government.
B. We consider health and sanitation in deciding where to live.
C. We have an efficient waste management system.
D. We do not want to live in other cities.
5. Even if everyone were given equal opportunity some would succeed while others would fail.
Based on this, we can validly conclude that:
A. The real cause of success and failure go beyond equal opportunity.
B. Failure is destined for some people.
C. Most people are likely to succeed.
D. Equal opportunity provides a window to success.
6. The history of the two hundred years shows that wars have become steadily more frequent
and more destructive, the twentieth century being the bloodiest on record.
Therefore, we can conclude that:
A. Wars should be avoided by mankind at all cost.
B. Mankind has not advanced much in the art of keeping peace, as it has in the science
of waging wars.
C. Increased industrialization, competitiveness and improved weapons bring on
increasingly frequent wars.
D. Wars are caused by basic traits of selfishness and greed.
7. A dollar is like a price. Escalation in the price equates with greater demand for export
products.
Thus, escalation in dollars
A. does not lead to greater demand for export products.
B. results in greater demand for export products.
109. What extra information did Miralyn use to make her conclusion?
A. The sizes of all nine planets.
B. The distance between the planets and the sun in space.
C. The distance between Mars and Earth in space.
D. The size of the sun.
110. What is the most likely reason Mr. Donghil smiled and nodded?
A. He thought it was funny that he had tricked the class.
B. He was happy a student understood the problem.
C. He thought that Miralyn was being funny.
D. He was happy that the class made the planets smaller.
162. Three speed cameras were installed at different points along an expressway. On a map
drawn on a coordinate plane, the 101.What would2 Angeline MOST LIKELY tell her campers if
they stopped making their beds?
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A. They should behave better.
B. She would tell Miss Elena about their behavior.
C. She would give them popcorn if they made their beds.
D. She would send them to bed early if they did not make their beds.
18. The passage implies that if there is nothing wrong with our electoral and political system
then the poor will
A. get rich
B. remain poor
C. have options
D. be powerful
For no.19, read the passage below:
An economist-diplomat once said, If you feed enough oats to the horse, some will
drop to the ground to feed the sparrows. This skewered trickledown economics basically
says that greed by the powerful would leave enough crumbs for the needy.
97. If all the popular kids in Jefreys class wear the same type of jeans jacket, what is MOST
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LIKELY true?
A. The jacket they wear is the best type of jeans jacket.
B. Popular kids like the jeans jacket.
C. Wearing the jeans jacket makes kids popular.
D. Jefrey will be unpopular unless he has the jeans jacket.
herself. She wanted a nice jacket to wear to a meeting about a new job. Jefrey told her that all
his friends had jeans jackets. He was afraid that if he did not get one, no one would like him.
His mother listened to Jefrey, but she disagreed with him. She bought the jacket for her
meeting. Jefrey said, You care more about your new job than about me.
95. What did Jefrey and his mother both believe?
A. Wearing the wrong clothes can make people dislike you.
B. It is more important for adults to look good than children.
C. What you wear affects what others think of you.
D. Womens jackets cost more than boys jackets.
96. Based on the story, what did Jefreys mother think?
A. Her meeting was more important than Jefreys friendships.
B. She needed a new jacket more than Jefrey did.
C. A cheaper jeans jacket would be better for Jefrey.
D. Jefreys friends should care more about him than about his clothes
19. The passage says that if there is enough of something for some people, then
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A. there will be some left for others
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B. there will be none left for others
C. all will not have enough of everything
D. some will not benefit from it
93. What is the LEAST LIKELY reason why Chena sang louder?
A. She wanted the students to be able to hear the song.
B. She had reached the most important part of the song.
C. She was ignoring the students who were making fun of her.
D. She had become less nervous as she sang.
94. Which statement BEST shows that Chena was prepared for her performance?
A. She kept singing while the students laughed.
B. She was glad when she was done.
C. She hugged her teacher to thank her.
D. She smiled and bowed when she was done.
For 95-97, read the passage below:
Jefrey and his mother were shopping at the mall. Jefrey wanted a new jeans jacket like the one
many of the popular kids in his class were wearing. He asked his mother to buy one for him.
She said she could not afford one right then because she needed to buy a new jacket for
working conditions killed off most people in previous ages before they could reach old age.
However, recent research shows that in 17th century Europe, for example, people over
sixty comprised 10 percent of the population. The studies also revealed that although infant
mortality remained high until the 20th century in Europe, people who survived to adulthood
could expect to live to be old. The portions in boldface play which of the following roles in the
argument above?
A. The first is a conclusion that the author supports. The second is data that contradicts that
conclusion.
B. The first is a finding that the author contests. The second is a finding that the author
accepts.
C. The first is an assumption that the author thinks is invalid. The second is data that validates
that assumption.
D. The first is a position that the author opposes. The second is a finding that supports the
authors position.
23. The Dean claimed that, as a result of continued cutbacks in the budget for pure science
research, fewer students are choosing a career in physics, and therefore the number of
postgraduate students studying physics is likely to decline. Which of the following, if true, casts
most doubt on the Deans conclusion?
A. The number of students majoring in physics at the undergraduate level has been increasing
steadily over the years, a trend that is expected to continue.
B. The number of students studying chemistry declined even before cutbacks in research
funding were noted.
C. Most postgraduate students of physics move to careers in computer science and
engineering.
D. The Deans own university has recently increased the number of staff members teaching
physics.
A marriage counselor noted that couples who have6occasional violent arguments are less likely
to divorce within the next six months than those who have frequent but less violent arguments.
He concluded that frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital
disharmony. The counselors conclusion is most weakened by which of the following
observations?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small
matters.
B. People who have recently divorced are more likely to argue violently when they meet.
24. A nature conservancy expert found little support for his campaign to protect toads. He
suggested that, even though the campaign highlighted the vital role the toads played in the
ecology of the region, people were unenthusiastic about saving toads as these animals are
perceived as unpleasant creatures, and people seldom feel passionate about animals with
which they have no positive feelings. The experts opinion would be most strengthened by
which of the following observations?
A. Ecological conservation is an increasingly important concern in the region.
B. A recent campaign to save bats achieved a measure of success only after a cartoon bat was
adopted as the mascot of the local football team.
C. Snakes and lizards also need protection in this region as a result of human activity.
D. The campaign to protect toads has been in existence for over five years and yet the toad
population continues to decline.
88. What did the ranger think when he asked, Dont you know that in the park you should take
nothing but pictures and leave nothing but footprints?
A. He thought the boys should have known how to behave in the park.
B. He thought the boys should have been taking pictures.
C. He thought the boys were going to make a fire in the woods.
D. He thought the boys were afraid of getting in trouble.
89. Why might the ranger tell other children this story?
A. To teach them to pick up litter in the park.
B. To teach them to obey their parents while camping.
C. To teach them to protect the trees in the park.
D. To teach them to be honest with park rangers.
90. Why did the ranger talk to the boys father ALONE?
A. To complain about the boys behavior
B. To tell the father the family had to leave the park
C. To find out if the boys were really brothers
D. To discuss the situation without embarrassing the father
the time she had finished her song, almost everyone was laughing. The music stopped, and
Chena smiled and bowed. As the curtain closed, Chenas teacher wiped away tears and gave
Chena a big hug. Chena was glad her song was finished. When she got home, Chena told her
parents that the audience had loved her song.
90. Based on the story, what is MOST LIKELY to be true?
A. Chenas teacher felt sorry for her.
B. Chenas parents were proud of her.
C. Chena is a bad singer.
D. Chena sang a funny song.
91. Based on the story, what BEST shows that Chena may have told her parents the truth?
A. She was nervous about singing.
B. Her song made the students laugh.
C. She was glad when her song was over.
D. Her teacher gave her a big hug after her song.
83. What are Erika and Arbie disagreeing about? 2
A. Is it better to be a tall or short athlete?
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B. Who should judge the best athlete?
C. Can girls be better athletes than boys?
D. What makes someone the best athlete?
84. What is LEAST likely to be true in this story?
a. Erika and Arbie think short people are usually good athletes.
b. Erika and Arbie think being the best athlete is important.
c. Erika and Arbie think Gleen will make a fair decision.
d. Erika and Arbie think Rowena is not a good judge of athletes.
For 85-90, read the passage below:
Ernie and Marjun went camping with their parents at a local park one weekend. The park was
very crowded. On Saturday afternoon, their father asked them to pick up some litter and then
to go into the woods to cut branches for cooking hot dogs. The two brothers did as their father
asked. As they stepped out of the woods, a park ranger stopped them. He looked at their sticks
and asked, Dont you know that in the park you should take nothing but pictures and leave
nothing but footprints? The boys were puzzled by what the ranger had said. They told him that
their father had asked them to cut the branches for cooking hot dogs. The ranger walked the
boys back to their campsite and talked to their father alone. That evening, the ranger joined the
family for dinner. Early the next morning, the family packed up and went home.
26. It is strange that in Sentacity there are so many corner shops selling food items. After all
there are many supermarkets in the city which sell food at cheaper prices, and many of these
supermarkets are open 24-hours. Which of the following, if true, would be of least help in
explaining the paradoxical observation?
86. What is the most likely reason the ranger talked to the father?
A. To explain that the boys had cut too many branches
B. To explain proper park behavior
C. To explain why boys should not be alone in the woods
D. To explain why people should take pictures in the woods
A. The corner shops are selling specialist food items not available in the supermarkets.
87. What was the MOST LIKELY reason the family went home the day after the ranger visited?
A. The ranger had told the family to leave.
B. The family had planned to leave that day.
C. The ranger had upset the family.
D. The family had no more sticks for cooking hot dogs.
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25. Many people report that exposure to certain
foods such as cheese, red wine, and
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chocolate, are associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that
exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache,
and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It
would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find which of these
situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the
following, if true, would indicate potential problems with the recommendation above except
A. the time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally
difficult to identify the trigger
B. the presence of a known trigger doesnt always cause a migraine
B. The supermarkets are mostly located on the outskirts of the city and require residents to use
cars or public transport to reach them.
C. The corner shops are mainly family-owned businesses and have been there for much longer
than the supermarkets and are perceived as an important feature of the community.
D. The corner shops are willing to make home deliveries.
27. Photography is no longer an art form. Nowadays everyone has access to digital cameras
that only need to be pointed at the subject in order to generate a perfect image. The writer of
the argument apparently assumes that
A. the selection of the subject is not an important artistic factor in photography
B. digital cameras will continue to improve in quality
C. digital cameras can never go wrong
D. photography with all other types of camera is an art form
28. The enormous distances between stars are not spaces entirely devoid of matter. The
interstellar spaces are filled with dust: very low density matter. This miniscule amount of matter,
spread over almost infinite distances, acts like a curtain obscuring the stars that lie behind. If it
were not for this material we would see no dark patches in the sky at night: the sky would be
entirely covered with stars. The two parts in boldface play what roles in the argument above?
A. The first is a suggestion that the author wishes to dispute. The second is hypothesis that the
author wishes to explain.
30. In a recent study of responses to visual images, researchers found that women most
frequently gave the rating most attractive to images of male faces that were more feminine in
contour, and rated more masculine faces, on average, less attractive. The researchers
concluded that modern women prefer men who are less obviously masculine in their facial
features. The conclusion would be most severely weakened if which of the following were true?
B. The first is the main point the author wishes to make. The second is a hypothetical result of
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accepting that point.
A. Facial features are not the criterion that most women use to decide whether a man is
attractive.
C. The first is a fact that the author thinks is important in explaining a certain phenomenon. The
second is a result that the author would expect if that fact were not true.
B. The visual images were computer generated composites of photographs and not pictures of
actual men.
D. The first is a speculation that the author wishes to justify. The second is a consequence that
would result if that speculation is not true.
C. The rating scale was a ten point scale with most attractive scoring 1-2 and least attractive
scoring 8-10.
D. The faces with the more masculine features were all significantly older than those with the
feminine features.
29. The number of people diagnosed with dengue fever (which is contracted from the bite of an
infected mosquito) in North India this year is twice the number diagnosed last year. The
authorities have concluded that measures to control the mosquito population have failed in this
region. All of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the authorities conclusion except
31. Which is the following is an assumption that the researchers apparently made in this
study?
said that many students had received low grades, and she hoped they would study more for
the next test.
80. Based on this story, what is MOST LIKELY to be true?
A. Grace received a better grade on the test than Abegail did.
B. Grace usually receives better grades than Abegail in math.
C. Abegail had expected to do better on the test than he did.
D. Abegail did not do as well on the test as he would have liked.
81. What does the teacher believe?
A. Studying helps students do well on math tests.
B. Many students did not study for the test.
C. None of the students studied enough for the test.
D. Students cannot do well in math without studying.
D. Car Buying Tips: everything you need to know before you shop for your new car
75. Which explanation is weakest?
A. The steak was overcooked because I cooked it too long.
B. Miko didn't drive his car today because it was in the shop for repairs.
C. We don't belong to the country club anymore because we can't afford it.
D. Merry Grace overslept because she stayed up very late last night.
76. Which of these problems is most severe?
A. Your teacher is sick and misses class on the morning you are supposed to take a big exam.
B. You lose track of your schedule and forget to study for a big exam.
C. You can't find one of the books you need to study for a big exam.
D. The big exam is harder than you thought it would be and includes a section you did not
study.
77. Which is the most important reason for evaluating information found on the Internet?
A. Authors who publish on the Internet are typically less skilled than those who publish in print.
B. Web writers are usually biased.
C. Anyone can publish on the Internet; there is no guarantee that what you are reading is
truthful or objective.
D. Information found in print is almost always more accurate than that found on the Internet.
78. What is the real problem, as opposed to being an offshoot of that problem?
A. Your bank charges a Php 2000.00 fee for overdrafts.
B. You wrote a check at the grocery store, but did not have the money to cover it.
C. Every month, you spend more money than you earn.
D. Last month, you paid Php 8,000.00 in overdraft charges to your bank.
A. The women who participated in the study were sufficiently representative of modern women
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in general.
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B. Male faces are, in general, attractive to women.
C. Visual images are important to women.
32. Red is a color which has powerful effects on human beings as well as animals. A group of
psychologists carried out an experiment which confirms the subconscious effects of this color
on human behavior. They provided selected sports teams at school and college level with
either red or blue shorts and recorded the outcome of the games. The teams wearing red won
in a disproportionate number of matches. The psychologists suggested that either the teams
wearing red subconsciously felt themselves more powerful, or that the non-red teams were
subconsciously intimidated by the red color. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken
the psychologists suggestion?
A. Each team wore red in some matches and blue in others.
B. The color blue has the subconscious effect of making human beings less competitive.
C. The effect was only observed if all the team members wore white shirts.
D. Red signifies danger in some cultures whereas it signifies happiness in others.
34. In research designed to investigate the possibility of animals developing friendship with
other, unrelated, members of their species, a group of 29 chimpanzees were reared together
for 15 years. At the end of that time the chimps were presented with two options for obtaining
food: press a lever and feed themselves, or press another identical lever and feed themselves,
and at the same time deliver food to the chimp next door. (The chimps were able to see each
other). The researchers found that the chimps were no more likely to choose the lever
that fed a neighbor. The researchers concluded that the chimps had no concept of friendship.
However, one critic has suggested that the animals were in an artificial environment from which
little can be concluded, and that, at the least, the test ought to have involved the animals
being able to touch. What role do the parts in boldface
play in the argument above?
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A. The first is a position that the critic opposes. The second is a position that the critic
supports.
B. The first is an observation that supports the researchers position. The second is an
observation that opposes the researchers position.
C. The first is a finding on which the researchers base their conclusion. The second is a
suggestion that might cast doubt on that finding.
33. Scientists investigating a rare metabolic disorder hypothesized that obesity was a
predisposing factor in the development of the disease. A study of twenty patients found that, on
average, the patients were close to the normal weight for their height. Before concluding that
obesity is not a predisposing factor, the researchers would find the answer to which of the
following questions most useful?
D. The first is an observation that supports the critics conclusion. The second is the critics
conclusion.
Gilmer: We have too many people working on each of our computers in the office. The high
frequency of breakdowns is due to too many people handling the same hardware.
Catherine: We have just as many people working in our office, yet we hardly need any repairs
to our systems. Our systems must be more robust than yours.
C. the number of cases reported this year represents the same fraction of the population as
reported in all of the last five years
35. Catherines argument would be most strengthened by providing data on the
D. a committee of experts reviewed the funding four years ago
A. actual number of people in the two offices
B. type of computers that are in both offices
C. ratio of computers to users in her office
D. number of visits by computer engineers to service the computers in Jays office
37. A rare disease, malicitis, is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. The number of
cases reported this year is more than double the number reported four years ago. The
government should now allocate more funds for treatment and prevention of malicitis. All of the
following, if true, would weaken the conclusion except
A. funds already available for research in malicitis are currently under-utilized
B. a new test employed for the first time this year detects malicitis at a considerably earlier
stage in the development of the disease
D. a type of fish
73. The goal of the study group was to investigate whether more people fishing in the area had
A. a positive impact on the local economy.
B. depleted the supply of fish.
C. made more work for marine biologists.
D. a negative impact on the health of the surrounding waters.
38. Thousands of people have tonsillectomies every year and all live normal lives after the
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operation. We can conclude, from this observation, that the tonsils have no function in the
body. The argument would be most weakened by which of the following, if it were true?
A. People live normal lives after appendectomies but the appendix is known to be part of the
digestive system.
B. Another part of the body can take over the function of the tonsils if they are removed.
C. The tonsils have been shown to have a vital role to play in the physiology of laboratory
rabbits and guinea pigs.
D. The human tonsil develops as part of the immune system, a system of vital importance in
defense against disease.
39. Recent studies have highlighted the harmful effects of additives in food (colors,
preservatives, flavor enhancers etc.). There are no synthetic substances in the foods we
produce at Munchon Foods, we use only natural ingredients. Hence you can be sure you are
safeguarding your familys health when you buy our products. Which of the following, if true,
would most weaken the contention of Munchon Foods?
A. Some synthetic substances are not harmful
40. A fruit known as amla in certain parts of Asia is an excellent source of vitamin C. A small
quantity of the fruit grated and added to salads provides almost all the daily requirement of this
vitamin. However, the fruit is very sour. A new process designed to remove most of the sour
taste will make the fruit acceptable to American tastes. We are therefore starting to grow this
fruit for sale in the United States. The argument above assumes all of the following except
the old categories and there are no funds specifically for research that overlaps
different subject areas. The two parts in bold-face are related to each other in which of the
following ways?
A. The first is a finding that the author finds unacceptable; the second is the authors own
position
B. The first is a finding that the author attempts to account for; the second is a finding that
contradicts the authors main conclusion.
C. The first is a fact that the author attempts to account for. The second is data that explicitly
supports the authors main conclusion.
D. The first is a position that the author opposes; the second is the authors main position
41. Most scientists agree that new lines of interdisciplinary research are the need of the hour.
Even government committees on science have stressed the need for more interdisciplinary
projects. Yet, of ten proposals for new interdisciplinary projects last year, only one was
successfully funded. Some have suggested that this means that as yet researchers are not
coming up with sufficiently persuasive projects, or that their proposals are not of high enough
quality, or even that the reputations of these researchers is not high enough. However, the real
reason probably lies in the way funding is organized. Funding is still allocated according to
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42. James: I sold my house on an internet site last year and was happy with the price. I got a
speedy sale and the cost of advertising was insignificant. I would advise you to avoid real
estate agents.
Shenderelle: It is in the interest of the real estate agent to get me the best price for my property
because he gets a commission based on the selling price. Therefore, when selling my house I
will certainly use an agent rather than trying to sell the house by word of mouth, or by
advertising in newspapers or on the internet.
Shenderelle could strengthen her position by pointing out all of the following except
A. Houses of comparable value often obtain a lower price when sold on the internet
B. Very few houses are sold on the internet at the moment an so a valid comparison is difficult
C. The agents service includes many add-on benefits in terms of legal fees, surveyors reports
and advice that are not available on internet sites
43. Early data on seat-belt use showed that seat-belt wearers were less likely to be killed in
road accidents. Hence, it was initially believed that wearing a seat-belt increased survival
chances in an accident. But what the early analysts had failed to see was that cautious drivers
were more likely to wear the belts and were also less likely to cause big accidents, while
reckless drivers were more likely to be involved in big accidents and were less likely to wear
the belts. Which of the following, if true, could an opponent of the view presented above best
cite as a reason for recommending continued use of seat-belts?
A. Careful drivers who are involved in accidents caused by reckless drivers, would be more
likely to survive if wearing a belt
B. All drivers should be required by law to wear a belt
C. The ratio of big to small road accidents is very small
D. In fatal accidents seat-belt wearers in the front seat are less likely to survive than those
wearing seat belts in the back seat
A. There are six cans of tomatoes in Moanna's pantry and 14 in his basement. There are no
other cans of tomatoes in her house. Therefore, she has 20 cans of tomatoes in her house.
B. Everyone northbound on the Iligan City yesterday was late to work. Regine was northbound
on the Iligan City. regine was late to work.
C. Lance lives in either Cagayan de Oro City, CDO, or CDeo City, Misamis Oriental. If he lives
in CDO, then he is a Filipino.
D. No one who eats in the cafeteria likes the pizza. Roxan eats in the cafeteria. Therefore,
Roxan does not like the pizza.
63. Which statement represents a judgment instead of a fact?
A. My presentation was excellent. I am sure my boss will promote me now.
B. My presentation was excellent. The clients all told me they liked it.
C. My presentation was excellent. It won an award from management.
D. My presentation was excellent. It was cited as such on my peer evaluation.
64. Which is a judgment, not a fact?
A. That production of Bonifacio play was first-rate; you'll never see it done better.
B. That production of Bonifacio play was first-rate; it was cited as such in the 24 Oras.
C. That production of Bonifacio play was first-rate; it won an award this year.
D. That production of Bonifacio play was first-rate; 94% of audience members interviewed after
the show agreed.
65. What is wrong with the following argument? Philippines love it, or leave it!
A. There is nothing wrong with the argument.
B. It implies that if you leave the country on vacation, you do not love it.
C. It does not tell you how to love it.
D. It presents only two options, when in fact there are many more.
C. We had a storm last night with hurricane-strength winds, and many trees were downed.
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There was a citywide power outage.
8 from my house. If it's clear tomorrow, I'll
D. On a clear day, I can see the top of Rizal Monument
be able to see the monument.
56. You are trying to decide what kind of car to buy. You make a chart to compare a two-seater
sports car, a two-door sedan, and a minivan in three categories. Which would NOT be a
suitable category?
A. price
B. gas mileage
C. tire pressure
D. storage capacity
C. Junk food is actually has high nutritional value when eaten in moderation
57. Which scenario best represents a situation that has been decided by emotion alone?
A. Cindy hates the winter, so even though she can't afford it, she takes a vacation to the
Bahamas.
B. The school shuts down after a bomb threat.
C. Third-quarter earnings for Sheila's company were much higher than predicted.
D. Jerwine needs a new mixer, so she watches the newspaper ads and buys one when it goes
on sale.
58. When would it be better to do research in the library rather than on the Internet?
A. You are writing a report on recent Philippines Supreme Court decisions.
B. You want to know the historical performance of a stock you are considering purchasing.
C. You need to compare credit card interest rates.
D. You want to find out more about the old trails through the forest in your town.
59. You read a story in the newspaper about salary negotiations with public transportation
workers. The workers are threatening to go on strike tomorrow if their demands for higher
wages and better benefits are not met. What can you infer from this news story?
A. Health insurance premiums are very expensive.
B. The cost of gas will make ticket prices increase in the next few weeks.
C. People who ride the bus should look for possible alternative transportation.
D. Employers never like to meet salary demands.
60. What is wrong with this argument? "You think we need a new regulation to control air
pollution? I think we already have too many regulations. Politicians just love to pass new ones,
and control us even more than they already do. It is suffocating. We definitely do not need any
new regulations!"
1 world. Yet in Paris there are more American
44. French cuisine is highly regarded all over the
7 people now class as junk food) than there
restaurants selling burgers and fries (which many
are in any other European capital city. Obviously the French are very fond of junk food, and are
not too proud to eat it. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author s
contention?
A. There are also a larger number of Lebanese restaurants in Paris than there are in other
European capital cities
B. The number of French tourists eating in New York burger restaurants is very low
D. There are an unusually large number of American tourists in Paris who eat at burger joints
45. Kathe: Commercial flights currently contribute more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in
one year than does the whole of Africa. If we want to reduce global warming we need to restrict
the number of flights we take.
Nilo: Did you know that by taking one inter-continental flight you cause more pollution than you
would in twelve months of car travel?
Nilos response to Sues comment serves to
A. reinforce Sues contention that flights are a major contributor to increased carbon dioxide
levels
B. add more weight to her contention that we should reduce the number of flights we take
C. mitigate the force of her argument by suggesting that there is an alternative approach
D. suggest an alternative that will reduce the effect of pollution
46. It is not unusual to see the ball fall into a black slot on a roulette wheel four times in a row.
But for it to fall five or six times in a row into the same color is very unusual. Therefore you can
win money by waiting for a run of five of the same color and then betting against that color.
If the roulette wheel in question is a fair wheel, which of the following observations or facts, if it
were true, would best reveal a fallacy in the logic?
A. If there were a reliable way to win at roulette it would be well-known by now.
B. It is hard for a player to keep track of what went before for the time required.
A. male and female executives at the same level have the same qualifications
C. The probability of getting a particular color decreases with the number of times the color has
appeared.
B. they pay the same salary to senior men and senior women
C. ten times more men than women apply for jobs with the company
D. The probability of getting a particular color is always the same no matter what has gone
before.
47. On the basis of the Big Bang theory scientists predicted levels of Helium-3 in the
universe that are ten times greater than the levels actually observed. According to the
original model, Helium-3 is produced when low-mass stars burn up hydrogen and become red
1 itself. Researchers have now produced a
giants, as well as being produced in the Big Bang
4 giant is pushed to the stars interior and
new model in which the Helium-3 produced by a red
burnt up. Hence the Big Bang theory is no longer undermined by Helium-3 data. The two
portions in bold-face are related to each other in which of the following ways?
A. The first highlights an observation that tends to undermine a particular theory. The second is
that theory.
D. all job applicants who were rejected had fewer qualifications than those accepted
49. Enrique has twenty years of typing experience behind him; therefore, if you are looking for
an efficient typist to enter your data into the new system, you need look no further. The speaker
assumes that
A. Twenty years of practice ensures typing efficiency
B. The type of typing required for the new system is identical to what Enrique has been doing
C. Enriques job profile is the best that the new employer is going to get
D. Enrique is an outstandingly fast and accurate typist
B. The first is a fact that undermines a theory. The second is context for accepting that theory.
C. The first points to an inconsistency in a particular model; the second is the author s main
conclusion.
D. The first is a challenge to a classic theory; the second resolves that challenge.
48. The committee on sexual discrimination in the workplace has highlighted Supremo
Company as a chief offender. Of the twenty senior executives in the firm, only one is a woman.
And of the forty junior executives, only five are female.
Supremo could best defend itself against the charges by showing that
50. It has been suggested that long-term prisoners, on release from jail, be given a reasonable
state pension to reduce the likelihood of their resorting to crime. Most people instinctively reject
the suggestion as they feel it would be like rewarding criminal activity. The supporters of the
prisoners pension scheme have criticized those who reject this possibility, by claiming that for
the critics...... Which of the following is the most logical completion of the sentence above?
A. emotion is more important than justice
B. punishment for criminals is more important than crime prevention
C. crime prevention is not an important issue
53. Choose the best conclusion for an argument that begins, "The other members of Chadie's
swim team "
A. won their events, so Chadie will win his event, too.
B. have been swimming for at least six years, so Chadie has been swimming for six years, too.
C. prefer to swim in outdoor pools, so Chadie prefers outdoor pools, too.
D. wear swim trunks with the school logo on them, so Chadie wears them, too.
54. Memes Literature teacher gives a quiz every Monday on the 50 pages of reading he
assigns on Fridays. His quizzes are becoming harder as the semester progresses, and Meme
hasn't been doing very well on them. What can she do to troubleshoot the problem and
hopefully get better grades on the quizzes?
A. plan to get to class early on Monday to skim the pages
B. look for a new outfit to wear on Monday so she'll be relaxed
C. set aside time on Sunday to read and review the new material
D. spend an hour on Saturday looking over what she missed on past quizzes
55. Which is NOT a sound argument?
A. Sherrilyn wanted to be a better figure skater, so she took extra lessons and practiced every
day. Her skating improved so much that she entered a competition.
B. Yesterday, a black cat ran in front of me, and later, I lost my wallet. If I don't see that black
cat today, I won't have any bad luck.
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