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System
Thinking
Analisis Sistem
What is Complexity?
W.R. Ashby defined complexity as the quantity of
information required to describe something.
Complexity is subjective depending on the eye of the
beholder brain case the most we know about
something, the more complex we see it.
Complexity is thus in the eye of the beholder.
Solution
the planned desirable and undesirable outcomes (Example answer
for the emergency services call center in Section 1.1: low waiting
time is a planned desirable outcome, while idle staff is an planned
undesirable outcome.)
the unplanned desirable and undesirable outcomes (Example
continued: low waiting times will lead to a low rate of complaints
against the service, which is desirable and usually not planned and
vice versa for high waiting times.)
Can you identify any counterintuitive outcomes? (Example
continued: long waiting times or slow response rate may lead to an
increase in the number of calls received. Explanation: Some calls,
such as fires or accidents, may trigger several repeated calls if the
waiting time increases.)
System Thinking
Take a more comprehensive view, focusing on the
whole and trying to explain the role or behaviour of
the parts in terms of the whole, rather than the
other way around.
Something to be explained as part of a larger whole,
a system, and is explained in terms of its role in that
system.
Summary
Why is there a need for system thinking dealing with
every days decision situations?
Why are traditional analytical methods no longer
adequate to come up with the right decisions?
Minggu
System
Concept
Analisis Sistem
Definition
A system is an organized assembly of components. Organized
means that there exist special relationships between the
components.
The system does something, i.e. it exhibits behaviors that are
unique to the system.
Each component contributes towards the behavior of the system
and its own behavior is affected by being in the system. No
component has an independent effect on the system.
System Boundary
The separation between the system and its
environment means that there is a boundary.
In fact, boundary selection is the most critical aspect of
systems thinking.
The purpose of viewing something as a system affects
what aspects should be included as part of the system
and what aspects are more appropriately placed into
the relevant environment; in other words, where to
place the boundary of the system.
Hierarchy
In most cases, a system
is a part of a larger
system.
This nesting of systems
within systems within
systems is referred to as
a hierarchy of systems
Stakeholders
Are . . . . the decision maker, other parties affected
but without any control over the situation, and the
analyst
Categories:
The problem owners
The problem users
The problem customers
The problem analysts or solvers
Mind maps
Rich picture diagrams
Cognitive maps
Mind Map
When you think about something a phenomenon, an
issue, or a problem a host of thoughts are evoked in
your mind: things, aspects, and concepts, including
fears and aims, data and facts, and the possible actions
and reactions by yourself or other people or entities
involved and their consequences, both planned and
unplanned, desirable and undesirable, that result from
such actions, and the wider context or environment of
it all.
A mind map is all this (or a judiciously chosen subset)
put down on paper in headings, slogans, or sentences
System Model
A system model is a representation of all essential parts of a system
A model may be:
Iconic
Analogous or symbolic
Mathematical
Complete
Easy to manipulate & communicate with
Adaptive
A model must be appropriate for the situation studied.
A model has to produce information that is relevant and appropriate for
decision making.
Influence Diagram
Influence Diagram
Material/Information Flowchart
Fishbone/Spray Diagram
Exercise
Gambarlah suatu problem situation summary (atau model) tentang system
penanggulangan banjir. Pilihlah salah satu alat bantu (diagram) untuk
membantu Anda mengkonseptualisasikan system tersebut.
Tentukan elemen dari problem:
1.The decision maker
2.The decisionmakers objectives
3.The associated decision criterion
4.The performancemeasure
5.The control inputs or alternative courses of action
6.The context in which the problem occurs
Tuliskan nama kelompok dan anggota pada kertas yang Anda gunakan.
Kemudian ambillah gambar/foto dari gambar tersebut. Kumpulkan foto.