Professional Documents
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Table Of Contents
Lesson 01
Lesson 04
Lesson 02
Lesson 05
Lesson 03
Lesson 06
Introduction
Copyright Notice
Lesson 01
Mean, Median and Mode
If we collect data by doing an experiment or survey, we need to
make sense of all the numbers. One way of doing this is to find a
representative number - a number which stands for all the other
numbers. This number is known as an average. Examples of
averages are the mean, median and mode.
Solutions
1
averages
a
(2 + 1 + 3 + 6 + 3)
15
=
=3
5
5
Median = 1, 2, 3, 3, 6 = 3
With the mean we sum up all the data and divide by how many
numbers there are. Quite often the figure we obtain has a different
format from the data (e.g. if the data has integer values, the mean is
often not an integer) and can be affected by very small or very large
values. However the mean is calculated from all data items
Mode = 3
With the median, the data is arranged in order of size, then the
middle number (or the average of two middle numbers if the number
of data items is even) is selected. The median is not affected by very
small or large values. It does not use all data items.
With the mode, the data is arranged in order of size and the most
frequently occurring number is selected. The mode is not affected by
very small or large values, but it can be affected by clusters (groups)
of numbers
Mean =
Mean =
( 2 + 3 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 2)
18
=3
=
6
6
Median = 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5 =
2+3
= 2
2
Mode = 2
2
Examples
2, 1, 3, 6, 3
2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2
(292 + w )
= 72
5
292 + w = 72 x 5
292 + w = 360
w = 360 - 292
weight of the 5th man is 68 kg
Lesson 01 Tutorial
Exercise
4, 5, 7, 9, 5
6, 14, 7, 8, 12, 9, 7
b
7
mean
ii)
median
Calculate
i)
mean
ii)
median
iii) mode
b
What would be the speed of the next car if the mean speed
was increased by 1 km/h?
i)
iii) mode
Calculate
Lesson 01 Solutions
7 + 10 + 14 + 12 + 17 + 13 + 11 = 84
mean
median
mode
11
11
11
84 + x = 125 x 8
12
13
14
84 + x = 100
10
10
x = 16
Mean of 5 numbers = 13
mean =
b
150 + x = 176
65 + x = 72
x = 26
x=7
6
arrange in order 14, 14, 18, 18, 18, 22, 24
Mean of 10 numbers is 15
150 + x = 16 x 11
65 + x = 12 x 6
Jelly cakes
84
= 12
7
total = 15 x 10
total = 13 x 5 = 65
set of numbers
football team
a
averages
i) 3 + 3 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 0 = 18
Mode = 18
b
mean =
18
=2
9
0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4
= 24
total = 10 x 2 = 20
new mean = 18 + 01 = 19
Car speeds
a
= 23 kg
averages
i) 50 + 54 + 42 + 50 + 65 + 45 + 28 + 50 = 384
mean =
384
8
= 48
ii) arrange in order of size
28, 42, 45, 50, 50, 50, 54, 65
median = average of the 4th & 5th numbers
=
50 + 50
2
= 50
iii) mode = 50
b
new mean = 48 + 1 = 49
new total = 49 x 9 = 441
speed of next car = 441 - 384
= 57km/h
mean temperature
= 23+ 25+ 28+ 27+ 30+ 24+ 22+ 28+ 26+ 28
=
261
10
= 261C
arrange in order
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 28, 28, 30
median =
26 + 27
2
= 265C
range = 30 - 22
=8
The range measures the spread of data around the average. With
certain statistical tests, it can be used to measure how good an
average represents the data.
Lesson 02
Pie Charts
Example
1
Solution
a
Orange sector
75 5
1
5
75
360
5
x 360
75
165
360
11
in its lowest terms
24
Lesson 02 Tutorial
Exercise
1
Calculate
a
the value of x
Calculate
i
the value of x
ii
300 students chose TV. How many students are there in the
school
Calculate
i
the value of x
ii
Lesson 02 Solutions
1
favourite colour
a
198
x 100
360
= 55%
= 140
b
hobby
a
5
=
x 360
60
= 30
c
x = 70
b
4
in its lowest terms
9
subjects
Geography angle
Value of x
140
360
7
18
150
x 240
360
= 72
= 100
7
x 360
90
= 28
ii
4
entertainment
153
x 100
360
a
i
Value of x
= 425%
150 + 72 + x = 360
72
x 100
360
360
= 20%
= 240 students
= 720 students
615
205
sport
360
a
i
Value of x
Sum of angles = 360
153 + 135 + 4x = 360
x = 18
90
x 360
135
traffic survey
300
students
150
300
x 360
360
150
90
135
x = 138
ii
615
x 360
205
= 1,080 vehicles
Lesson 03
Frequency Distributions (Mean, Median Mode)
Solution
Example
number (x)
frequency (f)
xf
18
12
15
12
cumulative
12
15
18
20
frequency (cf)
number (x)
frequency (f)
mean =
ii
median =
mean
ii
median
iii
mode
xf = 67 = 335
20
f
iii
f = 20 = 10 3
2
2
From the cumulative frequency table, the 10th number
maps to the number 3 (which has a cf of 12)
Lesson 03 Tutorial
Exercise
1
20
21
24
25
21
20
24
21
20
22
21
24
20
22
21
25
23
21
24
21
number (x)
frequency (f)
number (x)
20
frequency (f)
mean
mean
ii
median
ii
median
iii
mode
iii
mode
22
23
24
21
25
103
105
102
103
105
52
53
52
51
55
53
52
103
102
103
102
104
103
55
54
56
52
54
52
55
number (x)
101
frequency (f)
102
103
104
105
number (x)
51
frequency (f)
mean
mean
ii
median
ii
median
iii
mode
iii
mode
52
53
54
55
55
56
1
037
038
037
036
039
039
038
50
47
52
48
47
51
49
50
49
51
039
040
036
039
037
039
040
039
52
48
49
50
47
52
51
50
52
50
number (x)
035
frequency (f)
036
037
038
039
040
number (x)
47
frequency (f)
mean
mean
ii
median
ii
median
iii
mode
iii
mode
49
50
51
48
52
4
Lesson 03 Solutions
1
number (x)
frequency (f)
20
xf
16
30
12
35
24
117
cf
10
12
17
20
xf = 117 = 585
20
f
mean =
ii
f = 20 = 10 5
median =
iii
mode = 5 (frequency = 6)
number (x)
20
21
22
23
24
25
frequency (f)
20
xf
80
147
44
23
96
50
440
cf
11
13
14
18
20
xf = 440 = 22
20
f
mean =
ii
median =
iii
mode = 21 (frequency = 7)
f = 20 = 10 21
2
3
number (x)
101
102
103
104
105
number (x)
51
52
53
54
55
56
frequency (f)
12
frequency (f)
15
xf
101
306
515
104
210
1236
xf
51
26
106
108
22
56
801
cf
10
12
cf
10
14
15
a
i
xf = 1236 = 103
mean =
12
f
ii
median =
iii
f = 12 = 6 103
2
xf = 80 1 = 534
15
f
mean =
ii
median =
iii
mode = 52 (frequency = 5)
f = 15 = 75 53
2
5
number (x)
035
036
037
038
039
040
number (x)
47
48
49
50
51
52
frequency (f)
16
frequency (f)
20
xf
035
072
111
076
234
08
608
xf
141
96
147
250
153
208
995
cf
14
16
cf
13
16
20
xf = 995 = 4975
20
f
xf = 6 08 = 038
mean =
16
f
mean =
ii
f = 16 = 8 038
median =
ii
median =
iii
iii
mode = 50 (frequency = 5)
f = 20 = 10 50
2
Lesson 04
Histogram and Mean
Example
1
height (x)
frequency (f)
20 < x 30
30 < x 35
35 < x 45
45 < x 50
18
25
68
24
Solution
height (x)
frequency
density
(fd)
20 < x 30
30 < x 35
35 < x 45
45 < x 50
xm
xmf
18
= 18
10
25
=5
5
68
= 68
10
24
= 48
5
25
18
450
325
25
8125
40
68
2720
475
24
1140
135
51225
20 + 30
2
30 + 35
2
35 + 45
2
45 + 50
2
=
=
=
=
50
2
65
2
80
2
95
2
= 25
= 325
= 40
= 475
mean =
5122 5
= 3794
135
Lesson 04 Tutorial
Exercise
speed (x)
draw a histogram
frequency (f)
height (x)
frequency (f)
height (x)
frequency (f)
54
42
36
40 < x 45
45 < x 55
55 < x 65
65 < x 80
63
45
32
60
age (x)
frequency (f)
20 < x 30
30 < x 35
35 < x 50
50 < x 55
55
45
75
35
weight (x)
frequency (f)
weight (x)
frequency (f)
40 < x 50
50 < x 55
55 < x 60
68
44
32
60 < x 70
70 < x 75
36
20
frequency (f)
70 < x 80
80 < x 85
85 < x 95
95 < x 115
15
24
43
18
lifetime (x)
20 < x 30
30 < x 40
40 < x 45
45 < x 60
frequency (f)
15
18
Lesson 04 Solutions
1
a
height (x)
150
155
165
170
54
42
36
28
160
fd
54
= 54
10
42
= 84
5
36
= 36
10
28
= 56
5
xm
145
1525
160
1675
xmf
7830
6405
5760
4690
mean =
24685
= 154
160
24685
2
a
weight (x)
50
55
60
70
75
200
68
44
32
36
20
fd
68
= 68
10
44
= 88
5
32
=64
5
36
= 36
10
20
= 40
5
xm
45
525
575
65
725
xmf
3060
2310
1840
2340
1450
mean =
11000
= 55
200
11000
3
a
speed (x)
45
55
65
80
63
45
32
60
200
fd
63
= 126
5
45
= 45
10
32
= 32
10
60
= 40
15
xm
425
50
60
725
xmf
26775
2250
1920
4350
111975
4
a
age (x)
mean =
11197 5
= 560
200
35
50
55
210
55
45
75
35
fd
55
= 55
10
45
= 90
5
75
= 50
15
35
= 70
5
xm
25
325
425
525
xmf
1375
14625
31875
18375
b
b
30
mean =
7862 5
= 374
210
78625
5
a
a
lifetime (x)
30
40
45
60
15
18
50
18
= 09
20
fd
8
= 08
10
15
= 15
10
18
= 36
5
9
= 06
15
90
105
xm
25
35
425
525
3870
1890
xmf
200
525
765
4725
height (x)
80
85
95
115
15
24
43
18
100
fd
15
= 15
10
24
= 48
5
43
= 43
10
xm
75
825
xmf
1125
1980
mean =
8865
8865
= 887
100
b mean =
1962 5
= 3925
50
19625
Lesson 05
Statistical Diagrams
1
Pie Chart
The pie chart shows the values of various goods sold in a shop.
Bar Chart
The bar chart shows the number of whiteboard pens used in a
school in 4 weeks
3x
clothes
electrical
No. of pens
other
4
3
2
2x
225
0
1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week
Given the total sales was $21,600, find the sales value of
ii
electrical
3x + 2x + 225 = 360
5x = 135
x = 27
clothes
Solution
Solution
a
4
x 100 = 331/3 %
12
b(i)
225
x 21,600 = $13,500
360
(ii)
54
x 21,600 = $3,240
360
Histogram
The histogram is used to display continuous data - i.e. data
which cannot be measured exactly - length, weight, time etc. The
vertical axis measures frequency density where
frequency density = frequency
class interval
Example
Draw a histogram to illustrate the following data:
weight
(kg) x
frequency
frequency
density
50< x 60
60 < x 65
65 < x 80
80 < x 100
75
75
= 75
10
20
20
=4
5
90
90
=6
15
30
30
= 15
20
Lesson 05 Tutorial
Exercise
blue
60
196
red
yellow
c.
distance (m)
0 < d 20
20 < d 30
No. of throws
distance (m)
30 < d 40
25
40 < d 45
No. of throws
45 < d 50
10
4. The bar chart below shows the results of a survey carried out on
a number of dogs in a small town.
50 < d 60
Calculate:
a. the total number of dogs
b. the angle of the sector in a pie chart which represents
houses with one dog.
c.
2x
3x
7. The bar chart below shows the results of a survey of how many
coloured pens a group of students had.
film
140
music
TV
Calculate
a. the value of x
b. the fraction of the group that chose music.
c.
6<x7
7<x8
8<x9
9 < x 11
11< x 14
Calculate
a. the number of students in the group.
b. the total number of coloured pens the group have.
c.
Lesson 05 Solutions
1
Cats
a
196
x 100
360
= 544%
= 60
b
2+4+3+5+1
= 15
c
0 < d 20
20 < d 30
40 < d 45
50 < d 60
20 x 05 = 10
10 x 15 = 15
5 x 3 = 15
10 x 1 = 10
5 +1
x 100
15
Missing entries
= 40%
4
2
marbles
a
= 135
= 104
b
Dogs
15 60
15 x 6 60 x 6
(multiply both sides by 6 to make the RHS 360)
90 360
Number of marbles in the bag = 90
20
x 360 = 90
80
Entertainment
a
Value of x
2x + 3x + 140 = 360
5x = 220
x = 44
88
x 180
360
pens
a Total number of students
8 + 5 + 6 +4 + 2
= 44
6
x
fd
= 25
Histogram
6<x7
7<x8
8<x9
5
=5
1
7
=7
1
8
=8
1
9 < x 11
6
=3
2
11< x 14
3
=1
3
= 37
c
4+6
x 100
25
34
35
38
39
35
34
38
35
34
36
35
38
34
36
35
39
37
35
38
35
Calculate the
i
mean
ii median
iii mode
54
135
number (x)
34
frequency (f)
35
36
37
38
39
speed (x)
frequency (f)
50 < x 55
55 < x 65
65 < x 75
75 < x 90
53
35
27
45
Lesson 06 Solutions
1
marks
i
387
mean =
= 35 2
11
ii
iii
3
number (x)
34
35
36
37
38
39
frequency (f)
20
xf
136
245
72
37
152
78
720
cumulative
11
13
14
18
20
frequency (cf)
mean =
xf = 720
20
f
= 36
2
pie chart
a
ii
54 6
1
6
54
360
6
x 360
54
135 3
=
360 8
f = 20 = 10 35
2
median = 35
iii
median =
mode = 35 (frequency = 7)
4
b Histogram
speed (x)
55
65
75
90
53
35
27
160
fd
53
= 106
5
35
= 35
10
27
= 27
10
45
45
=3
15
xm
525
60
70
825
xmf
27825
2100
1890
37125
mean =
10485
= 655
160
10485