1.

[Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization

1.

Urbanization problems and remedies

2.

Globalization: impact on Indian Society

3.

Culture-Lifestyle: Good

4.

Culture-Lifestyle: Bad

5.

Eco-Env: GOOD

6.

Eco-Env: BAD

2.

[Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues

1.

Human Development report (UNDP)

2.

Financial inclusion for poverty removal

3.

Population policy 2000

4.

Demographic dividend

5.

National youth policy 2014 (NYP)

6.

Rangarajan Poverty line

7.

Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

[Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization

Official GS1- syllabus says:
1.

Urbanization, problems and their remedies

2.

Globalization and its impact on Indian society.

Urbanization problems and remedies

Economic problems and remedies

Factor

Consequence

remedies

1.Migrant inflow

Under-employment,
Informal employment,
exploitation

factory-labour reforms, RURBAN

mission (GS2*)

2.UnderEmployment

3.High land prices

4.Muni. Insufficient
funds due2 black
money

crime, drug
abuse, alcoholism Desi
liquor, childlabour

Black money, slums,

illegal societies

poor civic
amnesties

Traffic
congesion=>pollutio
n

Skill India, Din Dayal

Antyodaya (GS2*)

Women: Nirbhaya-CCTV,
self-defense, panic buttons, toll
free nos.

Organized crime: Policereforms

Tax-adm-reforms, BEPS, GAAR,

PMLA (GS3*)

PPP, Smart cities, REITS, INVITs

(GS3*)

garbage-diseases

Urbanization: Environment problems and remedies

Factor

1.High rent &

land prices

Consequence

2.Electricity
crisis

Living peripheral area.

Travel for hours on selfvehicle
Pollution

diesel
generator=pollution
Poors rely on firewood

remedies

Pub.transport: BRTS, Metro

rail, car-pooling

Awareness: A.Q.I., Bharat

Emission Norms (*GS3)

Smart cities, Intelli-traffic

Management (*GS3)

net metering: put solarpanel

on roof-sell excess electricity to
company

More nuke plants if

jholachhap NGOs permit

Sewage=disease=>pover
ty.

Clean India

Each disease poor family

Rs.6000. (time n wages lost)

Waste Management

Pesticides=no
insect=sparrow chics dead

3.Slums

4.Gardens &
buildings

Eco friendly buildings & gardening

Glass building=birds
crash, no nest

(*) means more details about those remedies in upcoming revision notes on environment
and economy.
Globalization: impact on Indian Society
As such infinite topic. But few keypoints must be memorized to finish answers under 4/7
minutes timer.

Culture-religion-lifestyle angles: good and bad impact.

Economy and environment angles: good and bad impact.

Culture-Lifestyle: Good

English +IT + Internet=> youth from small town / villages=>social empowerment.

Job, Prosperity, Free flow of Ideas => social taboos & caste structure less rigid. e.g. Girl can
cremate fathers body.

Social networking, media, candle marches =>Nirbhaya campaign, More voices against
domestic violence, crime against women.

Indian literature, music, movies got international recognition and vice versa. Free flow of ideas
and influence both ways.

Fusion in fashion, food, lifestyle.

Culture-Lifestyle: Bad

Religious conversations via lure of money, Missionary-Naxal-NE-secessionist angles.

Middle-East Jihadi funding to Madressa.

Internet, Facebook, whatsapp: Brainwashed nsura youth to join ISIS; Riots in UP, Delhi;
piracy.
Decline of classical art, language, literature. (more money in English novel than vernacular).

Valentines day, live-in relations, kiss-of-love, commodification of women, Pornography, MMSVoyeurism, vulgar reality shows, etc. angles

Divorce, Nuclear families, erosion of Alok Nath sanskaars in child upbringing in the imported

Flaunting money in social gatherings (DJ, 50 types of soups)=> Materialized society=>must

get rich quickly, take bribes, exploitation, no empathy for poors, elderly etc.
Fast-food, 247 social networking: obesity, lifestyle diseases; Bird-flu, HIV, Ebola

Eco-Env: GOOD

Trade liberalization employment.

Agrarian economy=>mfg | service economy=>better GDP and revenue collection => more
social services=malnutrition decline (said Global hunger report)

MNC=cheaper and wide variety of goods=>power to customer.

FDI, FII, Crowdfunding= Indian startup companies.

Eco-Env: BAD

All points from urbanization table.

MNC Mining=> tribal land alienation, tribal culture society diminish

Resource exploitation Climate change=>flood nsuran, disasters=hurting Indians living

MNC=> desi artisans, small MSME hurt. Jobless growth, income inequality

Income inequality=>crime, child labor, desi liquor, drug abuse, domestic violence.

[Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues

GS1: Official syllabus says:
1.

Population and associated issues.

2.

Poverty and developmental issues.

Above subjects have many subtopics in theory and current. But Im focusing only on a few
topics that can be used in variety of scenarios-as last fallback line when you cant think of
anything and need 4-5 keypoints.
Human Development report (UNDP)
This report provides sufficient keypoints to assemble answers for many generic questions
about poverty and Development.

Theme: reducing vulnerability and building resilience of human Development

India rank 135: lowest among BRICS except in Life expectancy.

4 culprits that increase vulnerability

1.
2.

Climate change (Food production down)

Conflict (ISIS, Syria, Pak-border shelling, Maoists, NE-secessionist raping and murdering
women in front of families)

3.
4.

Social unrest (Riots at UP,Delhi)

Economic crisis (inflation, unemployment: blue collar by policy paralysis and whitecollar by
subprime)

6 prescription to build resilience

1.

Universal basic service: health (NHRM, NRUM, Health assurance), education (SSA, MDM,
RMSA), water supply, sanitation (Clean India) and public safety (Nirbhaya Fund, policing).

2.

Protect person @3 vulnerable stages of life:

a.

First 1000 days after birth (vaccination programs, ICDS, newborn child action plan)

b.

When Entering workforce (skill India, din Dayal Antyodaya, Udaan, STAR, NSDC)

c.

When leaving workforce. (Jivan Praman certificate, NPS, Swavlamban, )

3.

Social protection (80% of world lacks). Lack of social security = people sell their assets, child
labor.

4.

Full employment (50% world informal jobs). Unemployment = crime, suicides; child labour,
malnutrition.

5.

Include women, disabled and minorities in development.

6.

Disaster preparedness. Else they worsen poverty, inequality, social unrest, climate damage
etc.

India specific prescription in HDI:

1

Spend 4% of GDP on social security including NREGA, universal primary health coverage, old
age and disabled pensions and child benefits

1999 Odisha cyclone >10,000 dead but 2013 cyclone <50 dead. Political and bureaucratic-will
necessary.

Financial inclusion for poverty removal

Topic hot due to Jan Dhan and Nachiket.

Meaning: easy access to banking, loaning (credit), investment (beyond 4-9% return in bank)
and insurance (life and non-life)

Benefits: Savings turn to into investment. Loans to businessmen and customers=>demand

boost, GDP.

Investment and insurance =Protected against Unforseen circumstances.

Japan, S.Korea, USA all were @Indias current level but marched past in 60s thanks to
financial inclusion.

Lack of Fin.inclusion =>money lender, Ponzi scheme, MLM, Saradha Chit fund.

women Empowerment, Social harmony, less recruits for naxals

E-Payment: Cashless subsidies, payments, salaries= Governments Rs.1 lakh cr can be

saved (Mckinley study)

Population policy 2000

Control Population: get TFR: 2.1 (now 2.4) HOW?

Safe abortion, Sterilization

child, family planning. => ASHA and ASHOK workers.

Stable population @2045= stable growth rate, stable age composition

Get MMR: <100 / lakh birth (+nt 200 says UNDP). HOW?

Girl Marriage @20.

80% institutionalized deliveries=>Indira Matritva sahyog, mother child tracking, RCH,
Janani/Shishu suraksha, +need compulsory rural service for MBBS.
Compulsory registration of birth and death
HIV control, Universal immunization.=> National urban and rural health mission. + upcoming
national health assurance mission.

Demographic dividend

Majority of population in working age group

Age pyramid shows bulge in the working age-group

India: 65% below 35 age (says Modi.)

To reap dividend=> National Youth Policy, skill training necessary.

National youth policy 2014 (NYP)

Youth definition=15-29 years.

Ministry of Sports and Youth affairs to implement it

Will form a Youth Council to oversee implementation.

Policy to focus on 11 pillars. Ive consolidated those under five heads.

Education, employment, skill, entrepreneurship=> RMSA-RUSA, Sakshar Bharat, Skill India

program, Din Dayal Antyodaya, Apprentice bill, Venture fund for SC etc.

Participation in politics and governance=> PMRDF fellowship making young men nsura of DM
in naxal areas.

Inclusion, Social justice=> Various schemes for skilling SC/ST/Women/Minorities/J&K/NE

social values, Community engagement, youth engagement

Healthy lifestyle, Sports.

Rangarajan Poverty line

Earlier: Tendulkar per capita Expenditure method: ~22% junta / 27 crore junta.

Ranga family of 5 monthly Expenditure: 7035 (U); 4860 I. now 37 crore junta poor.

Per person Per day Expenditure:47(U); Rs.32 I

Food Expenditure=Calorie +Protein + fat.

Includes food + nonfood items such as education, healthcare, clothing, transport, rent.

Bottom 35% rural junta always be considered poor. Same way for 25% for urban

Poverty ratios should be disengaged from entitlements under Government schemes. NFSA
(food security) act not on BPL-ness, but social-caste census etc.

Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

When everything else fails, one can always fall back to stupid statistics to create fish market
in GD and fillup 100-200 words in mains. Although its upto examiner to give marks on that.
Urban junta

Rural junta

30% (exact 31.15%)

70% (percentage) and 80 crore (numbers)

Villages, total

6 lakh villages. (NOFN etc talk about broadband for 2.5 lakh gram panchayats.)

Minorities

(1) Muslims > (2) Christians > (3) Sikhs > (4) Buddhists > (5) Jains > (6) Parsi

Literacy %

Total 74, men 82, women 65

TFR

2.4. higher in rural than urban because they dont have TV said Khursheed.

Birth rate

21/1000

Deaths

Death rate 7/1000

IMR: 42/1000; MMR: 178/1lakh (but I would go with UNDP number 200/1
lakh because its easy to remember)

Life expectancy: 66 years overall. Higher for women than men because
they consume less desi liquor.

Sex ratio

943/1000 all age; 914/1000 for children

Population
growth rate

17.7%