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Ophthalmology Definitions
Dermatochalasis : Redundancy of upper lid skin in old age associated
Eye Lids with bulging of the orbital fat
Blepharochalasis : Recurrent attacks of upper lid edema, leading to
Lid margin : Free margin of the lid. Redundancy of upper lid skin in young age
Ciliary part of the lid margin : from lacrimal papilla to lateral canthus. Xanthelasma : Yellowish skin nodules in the medial canthal region
Lacrimal part of the lid margin : from lacrimal papilla to medial LagOPhthalmos : It is inability to close the palpebral fissure completely
canthus. Tarsorraphy : it is operation in which we make adhesions between
Orbicularis oculi : Sphincter of the eyelid. the lid margins
Meibomian gland : Modified sebaceous glands lie in the tarsus of the Madarosis : It is permanent "Loss of lashes due to destruction of Hair
eye lid. follicles".
Zies glands : Modified sebaceous glands related to the lashes for Symblepharon : It means adhesion Between lid – globe
their lubrication.
Moll's glands : Modified sweat glands related to lashes for their Lacrimal Apparatus
lubrication.
Blepharitis : Chronic inflammation of the lid margin. Watering of the eye : It means over flow of tears over the cheek due
Stye (Hordeolum externum) : Acute suppurative inflammation of zies to either: i- Increased secretion (Lacrimation).
glands. Or ii-Decreased drainage (epiphora).
Chalazion : Granuloma (Chronic inflammation) of meibomian glands. Acute Dacryocystitis : It is acute suppurative inflammation of the sac
Hordeolum internum : Acute suppurative inflammation of Chronic Dacryocystitis : It is chronic inflammation of lac.sac
meibomian glands. Mucocele : is a distended sac with mucous from lining goblet cells
Rubbing lashes : A condition in which 4 lashes or less mal-directed
and rub against the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. Conjunctiva
Trichiasis : A condition in which more than 4 lashes are mal-directed
and rub against cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. Bulbar conj : (which cover sclera) it is loosely adherent to sclera
Entropion : It is rolling in of the lid margin except 3mm around limbus
Ectropion : It is rolling out of the lid margin Fornix : The site of reflection between palpebral and bulbar
Ptosis : It is drooping of the upper lid conjunctiva
Pseudoptosis : The U.L. is abnormally low although L.P.s & Plica semilunaris : it is a cresentic fold of conj. (at the inner canthus)
Muller's ms. are normal Caruncle : it is vascular fleshy elevation (at the inner canthus)
Retina Blunt trauma : trauma by a small blunt object e.g.fist or tennis ball.
Coup : local damage at site of impact e.g. corneal abrasion .
Gunn’s sign : obstruction of a part of the vein below the arterial wall Counter coup : distant damage caused by shock waves that traverses
(that become not transparent the the eye to posterior pole e.g commotion retinae .
Banking : distention of vein distal to crossing and tapering on the Ecchymosis : subcutaneous hematoma.
other side Commotio retinae : it is retinal edema following blunt trauma
Salus’s sign : deflection of course of vein by rigid artery (being Perforating trauma : trauma caused by sharp
enclosed in one sheath) instruments(knife,scissors)