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Environmental Quality Act, 1974

BOTTOM LINE
REGULATIONS
The Department of
Standards Malaysia
(Standards Malaysia) is the
national standardisation
and accreditation body.
The main function;
- to foster and promote
standards, standardisation
& accreditation, promoting
industrial efficiency and
development, benefiting
the health and safety of
the public, protecting the
consumers, facilitating
domestic and international
trade and furthering
international cooperation
in relation to standards
and standardisation.

ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES & SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS
Purpose (Environmental
Issues) : to identify the
environmental hot spots
of the process.
That means it should draw
attention to those
materials or process steps
that cause most of the
potential environment
burden.
Purpose (Safety
Consideration) : prevention
of working accidents,
occupational diseases, or
work caused dangers to
health.

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Safety

REGULATIONS
Environment

REGULATIONS
The Department of Environment (DOE) under the
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment has been
given the onus of monitoring and enforcing environmental
standards in Malaysia.
Environmental management is conducted at the federal
level by the Department of Environment (DOE) of the
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment.
- Its main objective is to administer and enforce the
Environmental Quality Act, 1974 (Amendments 1985,
1996), and the Section of the Economic Exclusive
Zone Act, 1984.

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REGULATIONS
Strategies for Environmental Improvement
Within the EQA (ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT), there are several progressive
provisions that can contribute to pollution prevention:
1.The prescription for the reduction, recycling, recovery, or regulation of
specified hazardous substances (EQA (1974) Act 127, Part IV, section 30A);
2.The prescription of minimum percentages of recycled substances for specified
products, and the labelling of such with declarations on recycled constituents as well as
methods of manufacture and disposal (eco-labelling) (EQA (1974) Act 127, Part IV,
section 30A);
3.The prescription of rules on deposit and rebate schemes to ensure environmentally
sound recycling or disposal of specified products (EQA (1974) Act 127, Part IV, section
30B);
4.The provision for environmental audits to be conducted, irrespective of whether the
operator is operating out of prescribed premises (EQA (1974) Act 127, Part IV, section
33A); and
5.The right to impose a research cess on wastes to finance research into any aspect of
pollution or prevention (EQA (1974) Act 127, Part VA, section 36A).

REGULATIONS

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Air

Wastewater

Facility and
Operation
Hazardous/Solid Waste

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Air

Wastewater

Facility and
Operation
Hazardous/Solid Waste

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
The Department of Environment (DOE) initiated the
development of Receiving Water Quality criteria for Malaysia
in 1985 which aimed at developing a water quality
management approach for the long term water quality of the
nation's water resources.
The approach recommended that Malaysian rivers be classified
according to the six classes and described in Table 1.

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Wastewater
Table 1 - Receiving

Parameters

Water Quality (from Interim Water Quality Standard, INWQS)

(Units)

Classes
l

llA

llB

lll

lV

DO

mg/l

5-7

5-7

3-5

<3

<1

COD

mg/l

10

25

25

50

100

> 100

BOD

mg/l

12

> 12

mg/l

500

1000

4000

mg/l

25

50

50

150

300

> 300

Faecal Caliform

counts/100ml

10

100

400

5000

5000

Total Coliform

counts/100ml

100

5000

5000

5000

5000

Total Dissolved
Solids
Total Suspended
Solids

>50000

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Wastewater cont
Class

Uses

Represent water bodies of excellent quality. Standards set for the conservation
of natural environment in its undisturbed state. Water bodies such as those in
the national park areas, fountain heads, and in land and in undisturbed areas
come under this category where strictly no discharges of any kind is permitted.
Water bodies in this category meet the most stringent requirements for human
health and aquatic life protection.

ll

Represents water bodies of good quality. Most existing raw water supply
sources come under this category. In practise, no body contact activity is
allowed in this water for the prevention of probable human pathogens. There is
a need to introduce another class for water bodies not used for water supply
but similar quality which may be referred to as Class IIB. The determination of
Class IIB standards is based on criteria for recreational use and protection of
sensitive aquatic species.
Is defined with the primary objective of protecting common and moderately
tolerant aquatic species of economic value. Water under this classification may
be used for water supply with extensive/advanced treatment. This class of
water is also defined to suit livestock drinking needs.
Defines water required for major agricultural activities which may not cover
minor applications to sensitive crops.
Represents other water which do not meet any of the above uses.

lll

lV
V

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Wastewater cont
Discharge Quality Standard
The effluent quality of any discharge from a sewage treatment process to an inland water
(that is, other than one having an ocean outlet) shall meet the minimum requirements of
the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and the limits set down by the Environmental Quality
(Sewage Industrial Effluent Regulations, 1979 which are presented in Table 2.
1.

Standard A for discharge upstream of

drinking water take-off

2.

Standard B for inland waters

Note:
Standard A criteria applies only to catchments areas
located upstream of drinking water supply off-takes.

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Parameters

Wastewater
cont

Temperature

pH

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

BOD5 @ 20oC
COD
Suspended Solids
Mercury
Cadmium
Chromium, Hexalent
Arsenic
Cyanide
Lead
Chromium, Trivalent
Copper
Manganese
Nickel
Tin
Zinc
Boron
Iron (Fe)
Phenol
Free Chlorine
Sulphide
Oil and Grease

(Units)

Standard
A (1)

B (2)

oC

40

40

6.0 - 9.0

5.5 - 9.0

mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l

20
50
50
0.005
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.001
1.0
0.50
Not detectable

50
100
100
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
5.0
1.0
2.0
0.50
10.0

Hazardous/Solid Waste

A hazardous waste is waste that poses substantial or

potential threats to public health or the environment.
There are four factors that determine whether or not
a substance is hazardous:

Ignitability (i.e., flammable)

Corrosovity
Reactivity
Toxicity

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Hazardous/Solid Waste
A Solid Waste is any discarded material which is:
Abandoned
Recycled
Inherently Waste-Like
Materials are solid waste if they are abandoned by
being:
Disposed of
Burned or Incinerated
Accumulated, stored, or treated (but not recycled)
before or in lieu of being abandoned by being
disposed of, burned, or incinerated

Hazardous/Solid Waste cont

Materials are solid waste if they are recycled - or

accumulated, stored, or treated before recycling by being:
Used in a manner constituting disposal
Burned for energy recovery
Reclaimed
Accumulated Speculatively

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The Material Is A Solid Waste???

Is It A Hazardous Waste?

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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS

EXAMPLE

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS EXAMPLE cont

10

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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS EXAMPLE cont

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS EXAMPLE cont

11

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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PROCESS EXAMPLE cont

ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES & SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS

12

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

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Safety CONSIDERATIONS
In Malaysia, the health and safety of employees, is
regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).
* Comparison of Three Risk Measurement.
Activity
Working in chemical
industry
Staying at home
Working in steel industry
Travelling by car
Rock climbing
Smoking (1 pack per day)
Being struck by lightning

OSHA Incident
Fatal Accident Rate
Fatality Rate
Rate (Injuries and
(Deaths per
(Deaths per Person
Deaths per
100,000,000 h)
per Year)
200,000 h)
0.49
4

1.54
3.88

3
8
67
57
4000

170 x 10-6
40 x 10-6
5000 x 10-6
0.1 x 10-6

Safety CONSIDERATIONS
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Process Safety Management

Employee participation
Process safety information
Process hazards analysis
Operating procedures
Training
Contractors
Pre-starts-up safety review
Mechanical integrity
Hot work permit
Management of change
Incident investigation
Emergency planning and response
Compliance safety audit

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES &

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & SAFETY

CONSIDERATIONS

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